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1
Features Submission, Haworth Continuing. "Library Crime in Great Britain." Library & Archival Security 8, no. 1-2 (September 9, 1987): 19–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j114v08n01_02.
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Mishra, R. K., Anil Budania, Ruchika Chouhan, and Mukesh Sharma. "A pilot study on review of GSR with a case study." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2022.030.
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In all types of heinous crime cases like murder, homicides, assassinations, police encounter with criminal firearms are mostly involved which make important trace evidence as Gunshot residue (GSR), helps the investigating agency and forensic expert to solve and get a proper direction of investigations. Though this review article we tried to cover the how GSR form, composition and recent advancement in detection of GSR. This pilot study will provide a hand on single article to the reader with great interest of GSR and its value in forensic investigations. The review results are in the form of impact of GSR in crime solving possibility and very interesting case study also report.
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Warlow, Thomas A. "The criminal use of improvised and re-activated firearms in Great Britain and Northern Ireland." Science & Justice 47, no. 3 (November 2007): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2006.10.003.
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Andrusenko, Sergey P. "A comparative study of the formation of doctrinal directions of the institution of legal protection of crime victims in the USA and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland." RUDN Journal of Law 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 1028–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-4-1028-1042.
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The United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have a long history of forming and developing legal protection of the rights of crime victims, which is based on the recognition of state responsibility for the failure to protect society from crime and provision of comprehensive support to crime victims, including compensation, benefits, medical care, social services, support of specialized public organizations. At the same time, the norms of public law regulating state compensation for harm to victims of crime are important. In fact, a study of the leading legal institutions of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which has accumulated positive regulatory and legal experience in ensuring the rights of crime victims and their legal protection, which can be perceived as legislative novelties in the Russian Federation, is indicative. The relevance of the topic is also conditioned by the social significance of the issue of legal protection of the rights of crime victims, as well as the legal reality that has developed in the Russian Federation in the field of legislative regulation of the status of victims of criminal offenses, which directly affects the right to compensation for harm caused to them.
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Garrett, Francis L. "Compensation to Victims of Crime in the United States and Great Britain." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 62, no. 3 (July 1989): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x8906200306.
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Gayratovna, Kamalova Dildora. "LIABILITY FOR PREPARATION TO COMMIT A CRIME IN THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES (COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS)." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 4, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume04issue12-07.
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The article highlights the issues related to inchoate crimes, preparing for a crime, the basis of liability and punishment for it on the example of foreign countries and national legislation. The author analyzed the issue of liability for preparation of a crime from a comparative legal point of view based on the criminal law of France, the Netherlands, the FRG, Great Britain, and the USA. Based on the study of the criminal legislation of these countries, the author draws a conclusion that in terms of liability for inchoate crimes, there is no criminal liability for preparation for a crime and certain forms of preparation for a crime are considered attempts to commit a crime.
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Ignatievа, A. I., and S. M. Zverev. "COMPARATIVE EXPERIENCE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF COUNTERING CRIME OF UKRAINE AND GREAT BRITAIN." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 6 (2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2020-6/61.
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O. M., Zvenyhorodskyi. "VIOLENT PENITENTIARY CRIME AND ITS PREVENTION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2020, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2020.01.007.
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The article analyzes the manifestations of violent crime in places of imprisonment in some foreign countries (USA, Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Latin American countries). The violent penitentiary crime is a concentrated expression of the qualitative and quantitative state of all crime in the state and a manifestation of systemic problems that do not allow the effective prevention of crime in places of imprisonment. The mass riots of group disobedience occur in prisons in the United States, a number of Latin American countries (whose prison systems are in crisis), most of which are accompanied by hostage-taking and destruction of property. Different approaches to the prevention and elimination of mass riots in penitentiary institutions are considered. The experience of countries such as the United States, Brazil, Venezuela, El Salvador, and the Philippines has shown that the cessation of mass riots at any cost causes the death of both convicts and prison personnel. It is found that in the United States and Latin America, more important problem is the violent suppression of riots. Another approach is demonstrated by the penitentiary systems of European countries, where the emphasis is on the prevention of mass riots and other manifestations of violent penitentiary crime with the help of technical innovations. In particular, the penitentiary institutions of Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany have taken an approach according to which the convict`s behavior is directly dependent on the conditions of serving the sentence. In the penitentiary institutions of the Netherlands, one of the ways to prevent violent crime is the use of various technical innovations (video surveillance system, audio control, no bars, installation of armored windows, the possibility for convicts to use the Internet, etc.). It is the one of the directions of combating crime of convicts in places of imprisonment is the study of the positive experience of foreign countries in the field of prevention of violent crime, its critical analysis with the aim of introducing the penitentiary system. Key words: penitentiary system, violent crime, penitentiary crime, mass riots in penitentiary institutions, prevention of violent penitentiary crime.
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Colosi, Rachela. "Over ‘Sexed’ Regulation and the Disregarded Worker: An Overview of the Impact of Sexual Entertainment Policy on Lap-Dancing Club Workers - CORRIGENDUM." Social Policy and Society 14, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746415000196.
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In the original article an error was contained within the following paragraph on page 242. It should have read; Under the new amendments, which were laid out in Section 27 of the Policing and Crime Act 2009 (Great Britain, 2009), lap-dancing clubs and other venues in which there is ‘any live display of nudity’ and where there have been more than ‘eleven occasions on which relevant entertainment has been so provided which fall (wholly or partly) within the period of 12 months ending with that time’ (Section 27, schedule 2Ai, Policing and Crime Act 2009) are now included as SEs.
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Bonsall, Sally Joy. "Policing, surveillance capitalism and the Great British love affair with crime drama in Happy Valley." Journal of Class & Culture 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jclc_00037_1.
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Police and crime dramas are one of the most popular forms of TV entertainment in Britain. I first show that over the course of the past few decades, policing and surveillance has become more invasive than ever before. These phenomena are strongly tied to new forms of neo-liberalism and capitalism that encourage increasingly individualistic and fragmented societies. Yet, data shows that trust in the police is high, regardless of class background: Why might this be? I turn to depictions of surveillance and policing in British crime drama, in particular, the recently highly acclaimed Happy Valley. Whilst a well-written, heart-warming and satisfying TV series, I point to several themes that illustrate how British neo-liberal societal decay, policing and surveillance culture might be apparent. Police are presented as capable of filling the void left by the neo-liberal decimation of public services and the accompanying loneliness of intense individualism in poorer towns and cities.
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Furgała, Agata. "POLICE COOPERATION OF POLAND AND GREAT BRITAIN IN SCOPE OF BREXIT." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 141, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 241–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0407.
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Leaving the UE by the UK has brought a number of consequences for bilateral Polish-British police and justice cooperation. The subject of the article was to present legal regulations, which provide the basis for international cooperation for British law enforcement agencies. The author analyzed and then evaluated the effectiveness of instruments of mutual cooperation. The articles focuses also on the assessment of Brexit consequences and its possible impact on the Polish-British police cooperation. It is worth emphasising that cross-border law enforcement cooperation - which includes police, customs, secret services and other law enforcement agencies, mainly concerns the most serious threats such as terrorism, organised crime, human traffi cking, money laundering, drug traffi cking or cybercrime. The article shows that the most unfavourable changes result from dropping the Schengen acquis by the United Kingdom - is disconnection from the second generation Schengen Information System. The article includes also information about The Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which has retained a number of important mechanisms for effective police cooperation between EU Member States and the United Kingdom. But although, as mentioned in the article, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom provides upgrades of the tools of police and judicial cooperation, it is a matter of practise to verify these as sufficient.
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Sharapov, Kiril. "Public Understanding of Trafficking in Human Beings in Great Britain, Hungary and Ukraine." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 13 (September 26, 2019): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14197/atr.201219133.
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This article provides a summary of research undertaken to investigate public awareness and understanding of human trafficking in Great Britain, Hungary and Ukraine. Responding to the lack of reliable empirical data on this issue, the research relies on representative national opinion surveys to assess the extent of public awareness of what constitutes human trafficking, the sources of knowledge underpinning this awareness, and respondents’ attitudes towards key dimensions of human trafficking as embedded in international and respective national legal and policy frameworks and discourses. Conceptually, this article reinforces recent calls for policy and media paradigm shifts from understanding human trafficking as a phenomenon of crime and victimhood, to, above all, a human rights concern linked to the broader issues of sustainable development and social justice. Methodologically, the study highlights the role of opinion surveys as a measure of effectiveness and impact of anti-trafficking awareness campaigns. In practical terms, the article presents a set of data which can be useful for policy-makers, anti-trafficking activists, and national media in designing impactful awareness-raising campaigns and interventions.
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Воронов, Виталий Николаевич, Тимур Станиславович Сливин, and Надежда Владимировна Романова. "MILITARY AND PENITENTIARY POLICY OF GREAT BRITAIN AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 1(42) (March 22, 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2021.42.1.005.
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В статье рассмотрена военно-пенитенциарная политика Великобритании в начале XX в. Изучены структура, штатный состав военных тюрем Великобритании, показаны особенности распределения в них заключенных, должностных обязанностей, а также система поощрения и наказаний. В качестве негативных моментов указывается на отсутствие специальной подготовки должностных лиц военных армий Великобритании, наличие рецидивного характера преступности. Определены особенности распределения заключенных по классам согласно действующей прогрессивно-классификационной системе. Авторами раскрывается порядок перехода заключенных из класса в класс. Указывается на то, что действующая система мер поощрений и наказаний носила карательно-принудительный характер и не смогла преодолеть рецидив в совершаемых преступлениях военнослужащими. В статье рассматривается применяемая в военных тюрьмах Великобритании дисциплинарная практика. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что опыт военно-политической политики Великобритании начала XX в. можно использовать и в современных условиях. The article considers the military and penitentiary policy of Great Britain at the beginning of the XX century. The structure and staff composition of military prisons in Great Britain are studied, the features of the categorization of prisoners in them, the official duties, as well as the system of rewards and sanctions are shown. As negative points, the lack of special training of military officials of the United Kingdom, the presence of a recidivist nature of crime is indicated. The features of the prisoners categorization by classes, according to the progressive classification system, are determined. The authors reveal the order of prisoners` transition from class to another. It is pointed out that the rewards and sanctions system was punitive and coercive in nature and could not overcome the recidivism in the crimes committed by the military. The article examines the disciplinary practice used in military prisons in Great Britain. The authors conclude that the experience of the military and political policy of Great Britain at the beginning of the XX century is used both in modern conditions.
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Bakaieva, Olha, Vadym Zmiivskyi, Serhii Yehorov, Mykola Stashchak, and Vladyslav Shendryk. "International experience of citizen engagement in prevention of criminal offences." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 68 (March 7, 2021): 708–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3968.45.
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The objective of the article is to study the international experience of involving citizens in the prevention and fight against crime. The research methodology includes the following legal, general, and special methods: logical method, hermeneutic method, monographic method, comparative legal method, sociological methods, abstract-logical method. The views of Ukrainian and foreign academics on the problem of involving citizens in cooperation with the police to prevent and combat crime are examined. It analyses the experience of individual countries around the world on the peculiarities of involving citizens in crime prevention. It examinesin detail the practice of cooperation of citizens with the police of countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Germany, and a few others. To achieve this objective, the relevant government and regional programmes of these states were studied and the necessary data analyzed. It is concluded that they haveidentified circumstances that prevent the participation of the population in cooperation with the police in Ukraine. As a result, they suggest appropriate ways to solve these problems.
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Gibson, Gary M. "Justice Delayed is Justice Denied." Ontario History 108, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 156–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050593ar.
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In 1811, William and James Crooks of Niagara built the schooner Lord Nelson. A year later, that vessel was seized by the United States Navy for violating American law, beginning a case unique in the relations between the United States, Great Britain and Canada. Although the seizure was declared illegal by an American court, settlement was delayed by actions taken (or not taken) by the American courts, Congress and the executive, the Canadian provincial and national governments, the British government, wars, rebellions, crime, international disputes and tribunals. It was 1930 before twenty-five descendants of the two brothers finally received any money.
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Chechel, Grigory, Elena Artamonova, Maria Tretyak, and Sergei Gontar. "Legal approaches to combating massacres in russia." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): e0260. http://dx.doi.org/10.37497/sdgs.v11i1.260.
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Objective: In recent decades, the number of mass shootings in Russian educational institutions has increased. The study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of various means of protecting an individual developed and implemented in the country. Within this objective, the authors discuss the possibility of using preventive measures against grave crimes, i.e. the death penalty enshrined in the current criminal law but not fully implemented due to the moratorium. In the emerging Russian judicial practice, the authors consider crimes committed by minors and persons between the age of 18 and 21. Methods: As part of the study, the authors review scientific works on the topic, crime statistics, and decisions of legislative authorities. Results: According to the newly developed and consolidated provisions of Russian legislation, there has been a tightening of responsibility for arms trafficking in the form of a complete ban on the acquisition of any firearms by the named persons. It has been established that the main reason for the rapid increase in massacres is not the tightening or leniency of the law but its non-compliance. In the cases under consideration, civilian firearms were acquired by young people illegally due to neglect of one’s professional duties. Conclusion: The authors believe that the measures, consisting in toughening the responsibility for the illegal circulation of civilian weapons adopted in 2021, will be more effective in preventing massacres among persons under the age of 21. As for the ability of such measures to counteract grave crimes committed by persons who have already reached this age, there are great doubts about their effectiveness. In this regard, there is a need to improve the newly adopted measures to prevent grave crimes among young people depending on their age (under or over 21).
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Голованова, Наталья, and Natalya Golovanova. "Confiscation as Necessary Response to Acquisitive Crime." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 7 (June 25, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11754.
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This article is dedicated to the issues of foreign successful experience in legislative regulation of asset forfeiture mechanisms resulting from offenses. Modern states increasingly use different types of confiscation to deprive criminals of any proceeds derived from their offenses. It can be confiscation with criminal conviction, non-conviction based confiscation in rem. Application of civil procedure methods transfers the burden of proof to the defendant. Though confiscation in rem cannot replace criminal forfeiture. The author concludes that at the present time there occurs transformation of different types of confiscation, their enhancement. Particular emphasis is laid on extended confiscation. This type of confiscation allows using similar methods which are used in civil proceedings. Under the influence of international laws extended confiscation is implemented and used in the European criminal law on a large scale, which demonstrates tendencies to unification. On the basis of the analysis of the legislation on forfeiture of illicit assets in several countries in recent years (Great Britain, Australia), the author concludes that there are significant changes in the traditional approach to this institution. One can say that the scope of the institution expands and undergoes modifications in various jurisdictions. Extended confiscation of an offender’s assets, if the crime was committed out of selfish motives, is a fair public response. It is necessary to introduce this type of confiscation in Russia.
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Koval’, M. "Global trends in general approaches to victimological crime prevention." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 74 (February 10, 2023): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.50.
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Victimogical ideas were born several thousand years ago. Self-defence of a potential victim at the dawn of humanity was the main method of crime. Then, as other mechanisms for social evil appeared and developed, self-defence became one of the problems of the victim himself. The state and society, trying to protect the individual, developed other measures that did not require the participation of the victim in their logical analysis, which addressed to such phenomena as crime, criminal.
The preventive role of law consists in regulating spheres of social life, during which existing criminogenic factors are either eliminated or their action is seriously hindered. The law cannot destroy the economic, social, and cultural causes and conditions of crime, but it can influence their negative manifestations: localize, block, and organize appropriate counteraction to negative phenomena and processes.
Accelerating the processes of European integration requires the introduction into law enforcement practice not only of modern forms and methods of combating crime, but also standards of protection of human rights and freedoms recognized by the world community. Real democratic transformations are inseparable from the humanization of social relations because a person, his life and health, honour and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized as the highest social value.
Currently, in several European countries, including Great Britain, the Netherlands, and France, the situational form of prevention is part of the official crime prevention policy. Despite this, there are concerns that “the use of this approach to crime prevention will have wider societal consequences of limiting freedom and unequal access to the positive outcomes of crime prevention.”
Analysis of modern global trends in crime prevention shows that in the vast majority of states it is carried out with the help of “official” systems of fighting crime, i.e., law enforcement agencies and criminal justice.
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Volodymyrovych Nosach, Andrii, Mykhailo Ihorevych Fialka, Ruslan Anatolevich Cherkasskyi, and Selezen Svitlana Volodymyrivna. "European experience in preventing and combating crime by customs authorities and the possibility of its use in Ukraine." Ius Humani. Law Journal 11, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31207/ih.v11i2.305.
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Nowadays, quite effective systems have been formed in the world to combat and prevent customs crimes in general and by customs authorities, however, the experience of not all states is positive. The article, based on the analysis of the scientific views of scholars, summarizes the experience of the leading European countries (on the example of Great Britain, France, Germany) in the field of preventing and combating crime by customs authorities. Both positive and negative aspects of the experience in the field of combating crime in these countries are singled out. The analysis of foreign experience in preventing and combating crime by customs authorities made it possible to formulate the following points that should be used by the domestic legislator: firstly, a high level of material, technical and financial support of the customs authorities, which makes it possible to more quickly respond to existing challenges; secondly, the customs authorities of the vast majority of countries have a wide range of powers in the context of the implementation of intelligence operations; thirdly, a high level of interaction and exchange of information between the EU countries in the framework of combating customs crime; fourthly, an important aspect of combating and preventing customs crime is the professional training of customs personnel; fifthly, on the example of foreign countries in Ukraine, it was expedient to strengthen administrative and criminal liability for violation of customs legislation; sixth, a high level of social and financial support for customs employees.
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Khudaykulov, Feruzbek. "OBJECTIVE SIGNS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES AND THEIR FEATURES: ANALYSIS AND PROPOSALS." Jurisprudence 1, no. 6 (December 15, 2021): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.1.6./dvdi7179.
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In this article, such research methods were widely used as logical, systemic, comparative legal. In particular, the article explains in detail such concepts as in the sphere of environmental, general environmental crimes and special environmental crimes crime, gives the opinions of scientists about the signs of a crime, such signs as the social dangers of a crime, illegality, delinquency and inevitability of punishment. It also highlights the necessary signs of a crime, the opinions expressed by scientists in the theory of criminal law about these signs, and then the elements of the corpus delicti and the objective signs of the corpus delicti that characterize these elements are consistently described. This reflects the views and ideas of not only scholars of the Romano-Germanic legal family, but also scholars of the Anglo-Saxon legal family. In addition, the main attention in this article is paid to theoretical and practical problems related to the criminal-legal value of the subjective and objective signs of a crime and its specific criminal-legal aspects, as well as the necessary and optional signs of the corpus delicti of some crimes listed in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. At the same time, the criminal legislation of the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Japan and the Russian Federation is analyzed, in connection with which specific proposals and recommendations have been developed for improving the criminal legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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Henson, Billy. "Book Review: Indira Carr (Ed.) Computer Crime Cornwall, Great Britain: TJ International, 2009. 576 pp. $275.00 ISBN: 978-0754628354." International Criminal Justice Review 20, no. 3 (August 3, 2010): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567710373118.
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Cuerden, Gareth, and Colin Rogers. "Exploring Race Hate Crime Reporting in Wales Following Brexit." Review of European Studies 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n1p158.
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Most countries consist of many diverse races and cultures, based on historical political decisions, wars or economic changes. Throughout Europe over the past decades the policy of free movement for work as part of the EU agreements has encouraged this activity. Indeed this has been a fundamental idea behind the European Union ever since its inception. However, what can the consequences be for those individuals who, encouraged by such policies, find themselves located in a country which has decided to no longer be part of that system? In particular what impact does this decision appear to have on the way those considered to be “racially different” are treated by others? This article explores the impact the recent decision by Great Britain took to leave the EU (so called Brexit) and its impact upon the number of racially recorded hate crimes in Wales. Using examples from terrorist incidents in Europe, along with the Brexit result, as examples, it provides clear evidence that when certain incidents occur in wider society, there is an impact upon the way in which so called non-indigenous people are treated, which results in an increase in criminality. These results will have resonance for other countries with a mixed population, as well as having implications for those agencies involved in the protection and safety of all inhabitants in their country.
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Imanbaiev, S. M., and A. H. Romanova. "COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE MEDIATION INSTITUTE UNDER THE CRIMINAL PROCEDUR LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN, THE USA AND GREAT BRITAIN." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2021, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2021.02.035.
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This article focuses on a comparative legal analysis of one of the alternative dispute resolution methods – mediation – in the criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the USA and Great Britain, considering various programs and projects on mediation used in the USA and Great Britain, in order to apply the experience of the above mentioned countries to improve the mediation institution and reduce the level of recidivism in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors made the conclusion that the proper use of mediation in the criminal procedure contributes to a more active involvement of victims in the process of restoring their rights and freedoms, which were violated by the offenders. An increasing number of crime victims prefer to meet face to face with their offenders in order to inform how the crime has affected their lives, get answers to many unresolved questions and take a direct part in bringing offenders to justice for the harm caused. A victim and offender mediation is a viable alternative to traditional punitive measures to meet the victims` needs. The main advantage of mediation in criminal proceedings for the victim is that he or she can ask the offender all the questions that could not have been answered during the trial. In addition, participation in mediation between the victim and the offender can help humanize the latter and prevent future offenses. In addition, the authors conclude that it is necessary to amend the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Mediation” regarding compensated damage to the victim by a person who has committed a criminal offense, and also propose to amend this Law regarding the mechanism for implementing the mediation institution, establishing a state body to control the activities of mediators, and specifying accreditation and disciplinary responsibility of mediators. Key words: mediation, restorative justice, criminal offense, victim, criminal, punishment, recidivism, conciliation procedures, mediator, compensation for damage, court of biys.
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Vasilyev, F. Yu. "PROBLEMS OF REALIZATION OF THE RIGHTS OF VICTIMS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 5 (October 5, 2022): 894–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-5-894-899.
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The article deals with the features of a participant in criminal proceedings on the part of the prosecution-the victim. The author notes the high importance of observing the interests of the victim as a victim of a crime in criminal proceedings, which is one of the elements of the constitutional balance of interests in the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the features of procedural rights under the Statute of Criminal Proceedings of the Russian Empire before 1917. It is noted that the victim of the crime had a greater amount of rights in cases of private prosecution. The author analyzes the modern approach of the legislator in a number of European countries (Great Britain, the French Republic, the Swiss Confederation) to the protection of the rights of the victim of a crime in criminal proceedings. Attention is drawn to the fact that according to European legislators, the state, represented by its public bodies that carry out criminal prosecution, should not only bear greater responsibility for bringing the perpetrators to criminal responsibility, but also impose the burden of compensation for the damage caused to the victim of the crime. Several variants of approaches to solving the problem of improving the procedural status of the victim in the criminal proceedings of the Russian Federation are proposed. The author expresses an opinion on the practical solution of certain problems of protecting the rights of the victim in criminal proceedings, without making changes to the Russian criminal procedure legislation. The article is illustrated with examples from judicial practice.
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Smirnov, Leonid. "International experience in the prevention of recidivism by law enforcement agencies." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2023, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2023-1-144-152.
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Recidivism is a criminal pathology in any country. Its increased public danger consists in formation of professional crime - vanguard of criminality. Within recidivism crime maintains and spreads criminal traditions, develops and reproduces criminal subculture. The impact of criminal recidivism is devastating for vulnerable segments of the population. As a result of its negative impact, criminality is rejuvenated and feminized. The relevance of the presented work lies in the analysis of positive experience of the international community in fighting criminal recidivism. Russian law enforcement and legislation are in dire need of effective anti-recidivism practices. The relevant law enforcement experience in the USA and Israel, as well as European (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Great Britain, Poland) and Asian (China, South Korea, Japan) countries is considered. National mechanisms of resocialization of ex-prisoners, features of probation activities and specifics of post-penitentiary care in foreign countries are described. The forms of international cooperation on counter-recidivism between Russia and foreign countries are reflected. Particular attention is paid to conventional and institutional legal forms.
Legislative and law enforcement measures are proposed to introduce foreign experience in the field of anti-recidivism prevention into law enforcement activities in Russia.
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Ashby, Matthew P. J., Kate J. Bowers, Hervé Borrion, and Taku Fujiyama. "The when and where of an emerging crime type: The example of metal theft from the railway network of Great Britain." Security Journal 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/sj.2014.43.
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Lisitsyn-Svetlanov, Andrey G. "Theoretical foundations of International Criminal justice in the work “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace” (Moscow: Prospect, 2021. – 760 pp.)." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 7 (2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520021156-2.
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The review analyzes A.N. Savenkov’s monograph “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace” with a special emphasis on theoretical disputes and principled legal positions of legal scholars of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France in terms of understanding and types of international crimes; the possibility of bringing to criminal responsibility the state, its head and representatives of the ruling political group; understanding complicity in a crime; giving retroactive effect to the norms fixed in the Statute of the International military tribunal. The study scrupulously presents the arguments of each of the opposing parties. For the first time, the domestic reader gets the opportunity to get acquainted with the discussions held in Western specialized literature, therefore, one of the main scientific achievements of the monograph is the introduction into circulation of a huge, new array of bibliographic sources.
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Шелестинский, Денис, Denis Shelestinskiy, А. Буртасова, and A. Burtasova. "The Practice of the Italian Republic in the Field of Combating Money Laundering." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 6, no. 6 (January 23, 2019): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c1b8739231fc5.45915684.
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The process of formation of the existing system of counteraction to legalization of proceeds from crime, which is based on the principles of interaction between financial, administrative institutions and law enforcement bodies, is considered in the work. Unlike the United States and Great Britain, the Ministry of Economy and Finance is responsible for developing policies to counteract money laundering in Italy. The paper analyzes the activities of the national financial intelligence unit of Italy — L’Unita` di informazione finanziaria per l’Italia (UIF), established in accordance with Legislative Decree 231/2007 as an independent body within the structure of the Bank of Italy, as well as the National Commission for Companies and The stock exchange and the Institute for Insurance Supervision. Based on the data received, the authors draw attention to the fact that Italy has a well thought-out regime for countering the legalization of proceeds from crime through a well-developed legal framework. During the research, the authors used historical, logical, statistical, systemic and prognostic methods of investigation. The main conclusion of the study was that the distinctive feature of the Italian system is the close interaction of the national financial intelligence unit with the Bank of Italy, whose formally independent but essentially structural subdivision is it.
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Swift, Roger. "Heroes or Villains?: The Irish, Crime, and Disorder in Victorian England." Albion 29, no. 3 (1997): 399–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051670.
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During the Victorian period the link between Irish immigration, crime, and disorder in England was widely regarded by contemporary observers as axiomatic. In 1836 the Report on the State of the Irish Poor in Great Britain devoted four pages to the examination of Irish criminality, noting that “the Irish in the larger towns of Lancashire commit more crimes than an equal number of natives of the same places,” and in 1839 the Report of the Constabulary Commissioners observed that in the towns of South Lancashire, “when large bodies of Irish of less orderly habits, and far more prone to the use of violence in fits of intoxication settled permanently in these towns, the existing police force, which was sufficient to repress crime and disorders among a purely English population, has been found, under these altered circumstances, inadequate to the regular enforcement of the law.”The belief that the Irish in England were the harbingers of crime was by no means novel. With the substantial increase in Irish immigration during the early Victorian period, the host society's widespread belief in the innate criminality of the Irish—and, more particularly, of the Irish poor—formed an integral component of the negative side of the Irish stereotype. Witness, for example, Thomas Carlyle's much-quoted view that “in his squalor and unreason, in his falsity and drunken violence” the Irishman constituted “the ready-made nucleus of degradation and disorder,” or Henry Mayhew's assertion that “as a body, moreover, the habitual criminals of London are said to be, in nine cases out of ten, ‘Irish Cockneys,’ that is, persons born of Irish parents in the Metropolis.”
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Нигметов, Николай Александрович, Георгий Владимирович Бушин, and Андрей Иванович Куртяк. "Specificities of Operational and Investigative Activity Performed by Officials and Operational Units of States Abroad by the Case of UK and Germany." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2021.72.46.014.
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В статье проведен теоретический анализ оперативно-розыскной деятельности должностных лиц оперативных подразделений Великобритании и Германии. В Российской Федерации, так же как в указанных государствах, деятельность должностных лиц осуществляющих оперативно-розыскную деятельность по борьбе с преступностью, строится не только на законодательном регламентировании уголовной ответственности, но и на работе специальных органов государственной исполнительной власти, наделенных для реализации своих функций властными юридическими полномочиями. Изучение особенностей правового регулирования деятельности должностных лиц, осуществляющих оперативно-розыскную деятельность в данных странах, позволит в целом выявить положительные и отрицательные стороны в борьбе с преступностью и соотнести их с российскими нормами права в сфере оперативно-розыскной деятельности. The article provides a theoretical analysis of the operational and investigative activities by officials in the United Kingdom and Germany. In Russia just like in Great Britain and Germany, the activities performed by officials engaged in operational and investigative efforts aimed to combat crime are based not only on the legislative regulation of criminal liability, but likewise on the activities performed by special state executive bodies, endowed with legal powers of authorities for the implementation of their functions. The study of specific features of the legal regulation of the activities exercised by officials engaged in operational-search activities in these countries will allow in general identify positive and negative aspects in the fight against crime and correlate them with the Russian rules of law governing operational-search activities.
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Lafta, Jasim Mohmmed. "Britain and European Union, the Repercussions of Accession and the Effects of Secession." International Academic Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (February 19, 2024): 05–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajss/v11i1/iajss1102.
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Europe's openness to the East, while it lives in historical, political, or cultural temporal regions, where soon after a certain crisis was settled, a new crisis emerged, such as questioning the borders and demarcating them again, as well as the dispute between the economic downturn and the necessity of reforms, the place of the ideological confrontation between the East and the West, and the emergence of the phenomenon of fear and caution. Internal dangers replace the fear of external aggression, and the perspective of fear of internal dangers is stronger because it directly affects the security of society and threatens the weakness of the state and its inability to protect internal society. This realistically explains that the concerns and challenges in the security field are constantly increasing, and the problems of the major European countries related to immigration and organized crime may become more severe in terms of their number due to the size of those countries, but they differ from the problems of the dominant countries in terms of their nature and attempts to settle them. Therefore, major private countries, or what were previously called major countries, such as Britain, seek to take proactive measures and measures in anticipation of future threats. In addition, Britain seeks to restore its international status as a great power and its desire to play the role of peacemaker. In order to achieve interests, which is a religion rooted in its history. Those interests must be achieved, even if this is at the expense of European unity, European integration, or the European Common Market.
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Yakubenko, Anastasia K. "Penalties for economic crimes in the criminal laws of the UK and the USA." Yugra State University Bulletin 17, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu20210237-43.
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The subject of the presented research is the criminal law on punishment and other measures of criminal law applied in Great Britain and the United States to persons who have been found guilty of committing economic crimes. Purpose of the study: to present scientifically grounded proposals on the advisability of including in the Russian criminal law certain measures of criminal law that are applied to persons convicted of economic crimes, as an effective means of preventing white-collar crime. List of methods and objects of research. In the course of the research, dialectical, comparative-legal, formal-logical, as well as other methods of cognition used in theoretical and legal research were used in aggregate. Conclusions of the study: in the UK and the US, the practice of attracting persons convicted of many economic crimes is characterized by a high degree of severity. Punishments and other measures of criminal law, as a rule, involve the imposition of imprisonment for long periods. In addition, the perpetrator is subject to penalties aimed at the seizure of illegally obtained material values, as well as compensation for harm caused to the victim as a result of criminal activity. Such methods of combating economic crime have a high effect of private prevention of the commission of new crimes. But a significant number of people held in places of deprivation of liberty has an extremely negative effect on the financial and other interests of the state. Therefore, the Russian policy of humanizing criminal responsibility is seen as more promising in terms of countering modern economic crime. At the same time, the rule on the application of property-related punishments should be considered as a priority in the fight against economic crimes.
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Kacper Gradoń. "Kryminologia kulturowa? Antropologia kultury jako przyczynek do rozważań nad problematyką zabójstwa w krajach anglosaskich." Archives of Criminology, no. XXVIII (January 29, 2006): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2005-2006j.
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The paper covers the issue of cultural and ethnological perspective in contemporary criminology. The author presents various theories that are currently developing worldwide, addressing the problem of the role of culture (in the anthropological sense of the word) and its influence on the aetiology of criminal behaviour, social reaction to crime, and creation of role-modelling in different societies. The presentation is focussed mostly on the cultural and criminological comparison of three countries the United States of America, Great Britain and Canada – and their homicide data. These countries, although seemingly similar in many ways when traditionally analysed in criminology, differ significantly in terms of murder – not only statistically, but also at a deeper and more complex historical level. The author describes these differences, arguing that the cultural approach to criminological issues is crucial in explaining violence. The last part of the paper focuses on case-study examples from all the three countries under discussion; this serves as an illustration to the author’s postulate of incorporating the ethnological studies and research into the system of criminology.
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González-Sala, Francisco, Julia Osca-Lluch, Francisco Tortosa Gil, and María Peñaranda Ortega. "Caracterización de la Psicología Jurídica a través de las revistas de psicología incluidas en las categorías Criminology & Penology y Law de la Web of Science." Anales de Psicología 33, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.2.262591.
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<span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The objective of this work is to learn about the most relevant aspects that characterize contemporary Legal Psychology throughout the study of journals included in the WoS between the years 2009 and 2014 related with the area of Psychology. The number of selected publications is 16, mainly from the USA and Great Britain. The results show an increase in the number of works and authors, a greater collaboration and a growth in medium productors. It exists a major presence of men in editorial boards and as authors, outstanding the figures of T. Ward in 2009 and A. Vrij in 2014. According to the analysis of key words the most relevant themes during these years have been Crime, Conduct, Woman and Meta-analysis, being sexual violence towards children and women and gender violence the criminal typology most studied. </span>
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HOROSIEWICZ, KRZYSZTOF. "MINORS AS COVERT HUMAN INTELLIGENCE SOURCES OF THE POLISH POLICE PART 2." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 142, no. 2 (September 2, 2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2500.
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In 1990, due to political changes in Poland, the use of Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) in combating crime raised controversy. Therefore, the hastily and secretly prepared legislation limited the provisions to merely signalling the possibility of the police using this method of intelligence gathering. Despite further modifi cations of the existing law, the use of CHIS is still only referred to in Act on the Police [1990 Article 22(1)], which states that: “Police can use the help of non-police offi cers to perform their tasks.” The laxity of this provision is particularly evident in the context of precise and understandable regulations in countries such as Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the United States of America. The use of minors’ help is not regulated at the level of internal confi dential police regulations, which makes it diffi cult for police offi cers to fi ght juvenile delinquency. The aim of the research was to determine whether legal conditions in Poland prevent the use of juvenile CHIS. The analysis led to the conclusion that there are no legal obstacles present, but the use of juvenile informants should depend on the fulfi lment of certain conditions.
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HOROSIEWICZ, KRZYSZTOF. "MINORS AS COVERT HUMAN INTELLIGENCE SOURCES OF THE POLISH POLICE PART 1." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 141, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0400.
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In 1990, due to the political changes in Poland, the issue of using Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) in combatting crime aroused controversy. Therefore, in the hastily and secretly prepared police laws, it was limited to provisions which just merely signalled the possibility of the Police using this method of intelligence gathering. Despite further modifi cations of the existing police law, the use of CHIS is still only referred to in the Act on the Police, 1990: Article 22(1). It states that: “While performing its tasks, the Police may be assisted by persons who are not police offi cers”. The laxity of this wording is particularly evident in the context of precise and understandable regulations in countries such as Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the United States of America. The use of minors’ help is not regulated at the level of internal confi dential police regulations, which makes it diffi cult for police offi cers to fi ght juvenile delinquency. The aim of the research has been to determine whether the legal conditions in Poland prevent the use of underage covert human intelligence sources. The analysis led to the conclusion that there are no legal obstacles, but the use of juvenile informants should depend on the fulfi llment of certain conditions.
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Labutina, Tatyana. "British Intelligence Ambassadors at the Court of Anna Ioannovna." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020235-6.
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In the first third of the eighteenth century, relations between Russia and Britain remained strained. Although Russia, under Empress Anna Ioannovna (1730–1740), welcomed Britain, restoring the diplomatic relations it had severed under Peter I and concluding a trade treaty favourable to the British in 1734, official London continued to pursue a policy far from friendly towards the Russian Empire. The intelligence activities of the British official diplomats at the Imperial Court were a vivid illustration of this. King George II of Great Britain, when he sent his ambassadors to their destination, urged them to gather information on everything they would see in Russia. He specifically listed those the diplomats were to focus on: the Russian Empress, her ministers and other high-ranking officials, as well as courtiers and favourites. The British authorities were particularly interested in the state of the nation's armed forces. On their return home, the ambassadors were expected to give a detailed account of everything they had seen and heard at Court. Drawing on an analysis of the ambassadors' diplomatic correspondence with the British Secretary of State, as well as some of their essays, the author examines the problem of British ambassadors' intelligence activities at the court of Anna Ioannovna. As it turns out, the ambassadors collected information on the high-ranking dignitaries close to the Tsarina, their predilections and weaknesses; on the alignment of political powers at court, as well as on the state of the army and navy. Attention is drawn to the fact that the informants of diplomats were often not only Britons in Russian service, but more often high-ranking officials themselves, ready to defend British interests for the sake of monetary rewards or gifts. Few of them realised that by revealing secret information to British ambassadors, they were committing a high crime and harming their homeland. The history of British espionage in Russia in the first third of the eighteenth century, which has not previously been the subject of a special study in historical scholarship, reveals the real purpose of British diplomacy, namely to study the potential enemy, as it viewed the Russian Empire at that time.
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Shapoval, Roman Volodymyrovych, Ruslan Orlovskyi, Maksym Sykal, and Stanislav Zlyvko. "Counteraction to offenses committed with the use of electronic payment systems: new challenges and problems." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 44 (September 29, 2021): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.44.08.25.
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Legal, organizational and technical issues of the current state of crime prevention in the field of electronic payment systems in different countries and in Ukraine are considered. The following methods were used in the article: dialectical, documentary analysis, analytical analysis of documents and observations. Identified and analyzed current trends and risks associated with the use of electronic payment systems by legal entities. Electronic payments have been found to be a progressive and convenient innovation on the one hand, which has greatly accelerated the ability of individuals to engage in day-to-day market relations, and on the other, to be unlawfully encroached upon and systematically improved by criminals. Based on this, emphasis is placed on the urgent need for proper protection of payment systems. It is noted that examples of global counteraction to crimes and various offenses committed in the field of electronic payments are developed countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Singapore, as well as the European Union, especially France and Germany. As a result of the study, it has been noted that the above countries have all the opportunities to provide Ukraine and its citizens, as well as government officials with the necessary guidelines, technical and legal assistance to create an effective mechanism to combat offenses in the use of electronic payment systems.
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Hutami, Lestari Sri, H. Azhar, and Nurul Aulia. "Analisis Penerapan Kerjasama Penanganan Terorisme Antara Indonesia Dan United Kingdom dengan Pendekatan Strategi 4 Pilar Kontra Terorisme." Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Politik 8, no. 2 (May 29, 2023): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36982/jpg.v8i2.2807.
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Terrorism is a transnational crime that endangers world peace and security. The terrorist danger is imminent in Indonesia and the United Kingdom. One of the efforts to counter terrorism is by establishing international cooperation. The latest counter-terror cooperation carried out by BNPT is with The Homeland Security Mission of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. As a new collaboration, more in-depth studies are needed regarding the implementation of this work. Therefore, researchers conducted research related to the Implementation of BNPT RI Counter Terrorism Cooperation with The United Kingdom. The theory used is neoliberal institutional theory and the concept of counter terrorism. The concept of counterterrorism as defined by the United Kingdom CONTEST document in 2018 is utilized in this study to examine the research topic. The concept consists of four strategic pillars namely prevent, protect, prepare and pursue. The researcher’s finding confirmed that the collaboration was conducted in accordance with the agreement. The forms of activities that have been implemented are Joint Working Groups, visits to the Royal College of Defense Studies, Expert Group Meetings on Prevention of the Terrorist Use of the Internet and Joint Overseas Protect and Prepare Representative Meetings. The implementation of partnership to combat terrorism in line with the four pillars of the counter-terrorism framework namely prevent, protect, prepare, and pursue.
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Kolomiiets, N., and M. Yushchenko. "Features of pre-judicial investigation in criminal proceedings in foreign countries." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.01.102.
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The scientific article is devoted to the definition of certain features of the procedure for conducting a pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings of foreign countries. The origins of the separation of the «preliminary investigation» as a separate stage of the criminal process are established, as well as the relationship of national legal traditions and types of legal systems with the corresponding standards inherent in the criminal process is traced.
The analysis of the criminal procedural legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, Great Britain and the French Republic was carried out. The main aspects of the pre-trial investigation and inquiry of the Federal Republic of Germany have been studied. It has been established where criminal proceedings begin, how the interaction between prosecutors and police officers is configured, which is free evidence. Attention is focused on the types of suspicions depending on the degree of probability and functional purpose.
It was determined that the pre-trial investigation as an independent stage of criminal proceedings, according to the Criminal Procedure Law of Spain, is always the first in the criminal process. However, at the same time, the inquiry is in no way formally separated from the pre-trial investigation. The prosecutor and the investigating judge are united with the common goal of identifying the person who committed the crime and collecting the necessary evidence. The specifics of this stage depending on the type of proceedings are also indicated.
The characteristic features of criminal proceedings in Great Britain, which do not include the stage of pre-trial investigation at all, are considered. Despite the possibility of the defense party to collect evidence independently, the police's activities are considered extra-procedural, and therefore all the factual data collected by them need to be presented to the magistrate and their further confirmation.
The position and procedure for starting an investigation under French law is outlined. Her criminal process considers inquiry and preliminary investigation as separate independent stages. First of all, an inquiry is conducted, then a criminal prosecution is initiated, after which a preliminary investigation begins.
The conclusion of the article emphasizes the need for coordinated work of law enforcement agencies based on the principles of the rule of law, legality and justice. The necessity of applying the experience of foreign countries in improving the pre-trial investigation of Ukraine is argued.
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Toma, M. G. "Crimes against humanity: concepts and signs." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 81 (April 8, 2024): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.81.2.53.
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The relevance of the article is obvious because the terrible crimes committed by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine shook not only Ukrainian society but also the whole world. Russian military personnel and their command commit large-scale and systematic attacks on the civilian population - brutal murders, torture, torture, rape, enslavement, extermination, deportations, imprisonment, the crime of apartheid and other illegal acts of a cruel nature directed against the people of Ukraine.
The relevance of the study is also related to the fact that the Criminal Code of Ukraine (hereinafter - the Criminal Code of Ukraine) does not contain a definition of crimes against humanity, unlike other crimes such as military or war crimes. We will try to figure out how the actions of criminals will be qualified by Ukrainian courts and who will be held criminally responsible at the international level in the event that crimes against humanity are committed in Ukraine.
«Crimes against humanity» as a separate group of crimes in international law was first reflected in the joint declaration of the governments of France, Great Britain and Russia on May 28, 1915 as a protest against the genocide committed by Turkey against the Armenian population. The result of the criminal events was the killing of more than a million people, prompting the international community to label this shameful act as a «crime against civilization and humanity» for which the leaders of the Turkish government should be held accountable.
Crimes against humanity are crimes designed to destroy the very nature of man. These crimes are considered the most heinous crimes, because they mean deliberate mass killings either by the fact of the very existence of people (crimes against humanity) or by the fact of belonging to an ethnic or national group (genocide).
In a number of international documents, such as: the Statute of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, article 6c; Charter of the International Military Tribunal in Tokyo, Article 5c; Law No. 10, adopted by the Control Council of the Allied Powers in Germany in 1945, Article II, 1c; UN Convention of December 9, 1948 on the Prevention of the Crime of Genocide and its Punishment; Statutes of international criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia, Art. 3-5 and Rwanda Art. 2-3; Statute of the International Criminal Court, Art. 7, such international crimes as crimes against humanity are reflected, from this it follows that universal jurisdiction extends to crimes against humanity.
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Ervo, Laura. "The hidden meanings in the case law of the European Court for Human Rights." Semiotica 2016, no. 209 (March 1, 2016): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0009.
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AbstractIn my paper, I will study the case law of the European Court of Human Rights by using discourse analysis as a method. My hypothesis is that the court has changed its line concerning the right to a fair trial (in article 6 of the European Convention for Human Rights) over the last twenty years. Earlier, it always defended the rights of the accused and the authorities’ problems, for instance, in fact gathering, were recessive. The same covered the rights of the witnesses even if the court usually confessed that also the witness has their rights, which should be respected. It also stressed that authorities of course have difficulties with proof – for example – the offences that are connected with the organized crime. Still, the rights of defense were always number one and inviolate. During recent years, the line seems to have changed even if the court has not transparently said so. However, it has given some new precedents by the Grand Chamber where the rights of the defense have been limited more than before; for instance, the cases Jalloh v. Germany (11 July 2006), Gäfgen v. Germany (1 June 2010), and Al-Khawaja and Tahery v. Great Britain (15 December 2011). The expressions used in case law show that the way of thinking has changed as well. Still, the changes are sometimes more hidden than transparent where discourse analysis is the only tool for catching the changes and showing differences in the thinking of the court.
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Valkola, Jarmo. "Slowly Moving Bodies: Signs of Pictorialism in Aki Kaurismäki’s Films." Baltic Screen Media Review 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2015): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsmr-2015-0023.
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Abstract Aki Kaurismäki is arguably the best-known Finnish filmmaker, owing largely to his feature films such as Crime and Punishment (Rikos ja rangaistus, Finland, 1983), Calamari Union (Finland, 1985), Shadows in Paradise (Varjoja paratiisissa, Finland, 1986), Hamlet Goes Business (Hamlet liikemaailmassa, Finland, 1987), Ariel (Finland, 1988), The Match Factory Girl (Tulitikkutehtaan tyttö, Finland, 1990), I Hired a Contract Killer (Finland/ Sweden, 1990), La vie de bohéme (Finland/France/ Sweden/Germany, 1992), Take Care of Your Scarf, Tatiana (Pidä huivista kiinni, Tatjana, Finland/Germany, 1994), Drifting Clouds (Kauas pilvet karkaavat, Finland, 1996), Juha (Finland, 1999), The Man Without a Past (Mies vailla menneisyyttä, Finland, 2002), Lights in the Dusk (Laitakaupungin valot, Finland, 2006) and Le Havre (Finland/France, 2011). A large body of his work has been made in Finland, but also in countries like France and Great Britain. Besides feature films, he has also made documentaries and short films, as well as musical films with the group Leningrad Cowboys. In a broader context, Kaurismäki has a unique place in Finnish and international film history, as well as in media and communication culture. Kaurismäki’s cultural context includes elements that have been turned into national and transnational symbols of social communication and narrative interaction by his stylisation. The director’s cinematic strategy investigates and makes choices evoking a social understanding of characters that has special communicative value. Kaurismäki’s films have been scrutinised for over thirty years.
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Nykyha, Oksana, Olha Romanchuk, Rostyslav Koval, Myroslava Danylevych, and Yuliia Kalymon. "Suicides of famous chefs of today: stories and reasons." 18, no. 18 (December 31, 2023): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2310-9513-2023-18-07.
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Suicide and suicidal behavior are one of the key issues for public policy and health care. Well-known American psychiatrist Somya Abubucker states that according to the WHO, a death by suicide occurs every 40 seconds in the world and “there are indications that for every adult person who died by suicide, there could be more than twenty others who attempted to commit it”. Restaurants remain a highly stressful environment, with the chef profession ranking among the top 10 most nerve-racking jobs in the world. The aim of the article is to present the life story and professional activity of the world’s most famous chefs and restaurateurs who committed suicide over the past 30 years, as well as the analysis of the probable reasons for their actions. To achieve the declared goal, the following research methods were used: historical, descriptive, comparative, systematization and generalization. The chefs in question used to work in the best restaurants in the United States, Canada, France, Italy, Switzerland, Great Britain and Australia. They made a significant contribution to the development of world gastronomy, their establishments have been transformed into truly cult locations, awarded stars from «Michelin» and evaluations from «Gault & Millau», which have been operating for several decades and offering the most exquisite dishes. It was established that the reasons for their suicides were mostly depression, emotional exhaustion and burnout, economic crisis, a drop in profits and lower ratings, loss of a loved one / close person, influence of reality shows, constant pressure, irregular work schedule, unjustified accusations. It was found that among the methods of suicide, it is, in particular, hanging, use of firearms, drowning and suffocation, medicine and drug overdose. The motives of the actions of some of them remained a mystery, since not even suicide notes were found. Priorities for suicide prevention include increasing specialized mental health programs, restricting access to weapons, and strengthening surveillance to detect signals / reports / information that a person is exhibiting suicidal intent. The obtained results make it possible to supplement and expand specialized training courses in higher education institutions of Ukraine, where personnel are trained for the field of tourism, hotel and restaurant industry, as well as medicine (in particular, psychology, psychiatry, addictionology and rehabilitation).
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Paunović, Dragan. "Complicity in the common law system: General characteristics." Bezbednost, Beograd 63, no. 2 (2021): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bezbednost2102171p.
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Complicity in the common law system has been subject of different practices in different countries for many years. It is unlike the practice in the majority of continental criminal justice systems. However, the court practice and principles established over time in certain countries have had greater effects than in some other countries using the same system. English common law practice is an example. It is the common law system with the strongest influence. Its practice regarding complicity was established a long time ago in 1861 Accessories and Abbettors Act that was the main law regulating this issue for over a hundred years. Besides very well-established actus rea elements, the main mens rea condition for complicity was a perpetrator's purpose or knowledge of the main criminal act. During 1985, the complicity concept was changed with the final judgment in the case "R v Jogee (Appellant) and Ruddock (Appellant) v The Queen (Respondent) (Jamaica)." The point of this reform was the "joint criminal enterprise" concept that was based on the "foreseeability standard" that made an accomplice responsible even for crime acts that were outside the "common plan or the purpose". After 30 years of implementation, the case of Privy Council Chang Wing-Siu v The Queen reset the complicity doctrine again and got it back to its traditional principles claiming "foreseeability standard" unconstitutional. Due to the importance of the common law system in Great Britain for other countries applying the same system, some of them, including Australia and Jordan, accepted the same complicity principles as Great Britain. Both of the mentioned systems adopted the "joint criminal enterprise" concept, but they developed it within their national criminal laws demanding extra responsibility claims for the accomplice. Unlike them, the US common law is characterized by other elements. Among them, the main ones are its inconsistency in terms of different practices at the state and at the federal level, as well as the lack of codification relating to many criminal law principles, including the complicity doctrine itself. These issues and problems have been a subject of interest of many scholars and practitioners in the common law system. The common denominator of their remarks regarding the problem is the need for a comprehensive reform of the current criminal law regulations and practices. Model Penal Code was a partially successful attempt of such needs but with limited effects. Taking in consideration all problems that exist regarding the complicity doctrine in the common law system, it seems further reforms and codifications of the complicity doctrine are the best way out of the current confusion where this doctrine seems to be stuck.
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Sheveleva, Svetlana, and I. Teneneva. "VOYEURISM: CRIMINAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7, no. 3 (December 12, 2022): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-3(2)-209-222.
Full textAbstract:
One of the types of paraphilia is voyeurism, i.e., secretly spying on the intimate actions of other people. From the point of view of medicine, voyeurism is recognized as a disorder of sexual preference, in art it has found expression in the paintings of famous masters, but from the point of view of morality it remains in the plane of religiously conditioned prohibitions, and psychologists say that the considered form of sexual behavior is dangerous not only for the psyche of the actor, but also for the victim. Within the framework of the presented research, the authors offer an analysis of the legal reaction of foreign countries to this form of sexual deviation, consider the types of punishments, and also present a criminological portrait of voyeurism. In the legal systems of foreign countries (Great Britain, Belgium, Singapore), voyeurism is recognized as a sexual crime; in the United States, Germany, New Zealand, and some states of Australia, the act in question is recognized as a crime that violates the «right to privacy». Separate statistical data on the specified acts in separate countries (where such counting is conducted) are presented, the reasons of growth of such encroachments and ways of their implementation are defined. In Russia, such acts receive a criminal-legal assessment on the grounds of Article 137 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which should be considered as a «legislative compromise», since in the actions of a voyeur, the main motive is sexual, and violation of privacy is not the goal. Some statistical data indicate an increase in such attacks in the world, but in Russia, the paraphilia in question is mainly the subject of research by psychologists, sexologists, and journalists. No serious criminological or criminal law studies were conducted. The presented research is the first attempt to study this phenomenon in the legal aspect, suggesting the beginning of a scientific discussion. It is concluded that in the conditions of digitalization of society, voyeurism as a form of sexual deviation will continue to develop, so it is necessary to adopt a set of legal measures aimed at protecting the rights of victims.
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Kerr, Donal A. "England, Ireland, and Rome, 1847-1848." Studies in Church History 25 (1989): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400008731.
Full textAbstract:
In the spring of 1848 a number of respected English vicars-general, William Bernard Ullathorne of the Western District, John Briggs of the Northern District, and Thomas Brown of Wales decided that one of them, together with Fr Luigi Gentili, the Rosminian missioner, should proceed immediately to Rome. Their object would be to support, by personal intervention with Pius IX, a memorial drawn up by Briggs, signed by twenty Irish and three or four bishops in Great Britain, which was solemnly presented to the Pope by Thomas Grant, President of the English College in Rome. This memorial ran: we most... solemnly declare to Your Holiness that British Diplomacy has everywhere been exerted to the injury of our Holy Religion. We read in the public Papers that Lord Minto is friendly received... by Your Holiness At this very time, however,... the first Minister of the British Government, the Son in Law of Lord Minto is publicly manifesting in England, together with his fellow Ministers, his marked opposition to the Catholic Religion and the Catholic Church. Another cause of our serious alarm is the very general hostile and calumnious outcry now made in both houses of our Parliament and throughout Protestant England against the Catholic Priests of Ireland, falsely charging them with being the abettors of the horrible crime of murder whilst as true Pastors they are striving t o . . . console their... perishing people and like good shepherds are in the midst of pestilence giving their lives for their flocks.
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Barbu, Denisa. "The Liberal Model of Criminal Repression in the European Space." Postmodern Openings 13, no. 4 (November 29, 2022): 376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/13.4/523.
Full textAbstract:
The transformations that have occurred at the state economic level, the change in the trends of opinion that animate postmodern societies, the increase in population have strongly affected the crime rate in the last 10-20 years in all the states of the world. The trends in the matter of sanctions vary greatly, whether it is the frequency of custodial sentences, the harshness - in general - of criminal sentences, the preference for punishments whose special maximums are higher or lower or the adoption of some alternative measures to imprisonment or even criminal justice in general. Many of the new criminal policies are justifiable in the context of the national law of states, but few have a real chance of globalization. Penal reform was or is on the working table of all states of the world. The details vary from case to case, but the trend is general. The Scandinavian countries modified their sanctioning system and created new punishments, the Western European countries created systems for sanctioning and re-educating delinquents in an extra-criminal regime, in the U.S. one can note, paradoxically, the generalized tightening of punishments, a model followed by Great Britain and Australia, but at a lower level. There is a continuous debate at the level of legal doctrine on the appropriateness of adopting an authoritarian system of repression in criminal matters. This article aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the liberal model of criminal repression in the European space, in the context of the phenomenon of globalization.
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Zolotar, A. S. "USING THE GLOBALIZATION EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN UKRAINE." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 1(57) (May 31, 2023): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2023.1(57).280830.
Full textAbstract:
In this scientific article, the author examines modern trends in the development of intellectual potential and protection of intellectual property based on the globalization experience of the world's leading countries – the USA, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden and France. The author focuses on the fact that their positive experience can be used by Ukraine, because the intellectual potential and the system of protection of intellectual rights in our country in the conditions of globalization and dynamic development of information technologies are exposed to much greater risks and threats, and the current legislation has long since not covered the necessary spectrum legal regulation of intellectual property relations. In particular, the experience of the USA can be useful in the formation of reliable legislative regulation, the creation of an effective Strategy for the development of Ukrainian intellectual property for the coming years, the establishment of stricter responsibility and control over the observance of intellectual property rights. The benefit of Great Britain's experience can be obtained if we go the way of establishing partnership and cooperation of our country in the investigated area, as well as establishing a tougher penalty for violations in this area. It is also appropriate to borrow the conceptual foundations of combating crime in the field of intellectual property, to develop plans for its prevention and countermeasures. The German experience will be useful in the following aspects: borrowing the desire for reliable and simple legislation, establishing an open type of relations between the state in the form of its authorized bodies that conduct their activities in the field of intellectual property, with citizens (right holders) in the information field, increasing educational and innovative level of development of the population of Ukraine. The use of Swedish experience may take place when borrowing Swedish technologies for the protection of intellectual property, in particular, the use of blockchain technology. The French practice of dynamic and innovative updating of legislative acts can be useful in the process of revising and modernizing the national legislation of Ukraine.
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Erlihson, Irina M. "THE NEWGATE CALENDAR: PCHYCOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH CRIMINAL BIOGRAPHY OT THE 18TH CENTURY." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 43 (2021): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/43/13.
Full textAbstract:
The author of the article refers to one of the intellectual aspects of the genesis of English penitentiary reforms of the 18th century. The progressive increase in crime rate, which English society faced in the 18th century, became a popular trend in social discourse, being left off “board” of historical penology that developed till the middle of the 20th century in the line of the normativism approach. Historiographic schools traditionally treated the evolution of English criminal justice system of the 18th century as the history of sanctions and led complicated social processes to forming severe “vertical of subordination”. The dislocation of the vector of historical researches to interdisciplinary anthropological field led to the emergence of new methods of reconstructions of historical world. The author applied theoretical aspects and tools of “cultural-intellectual and new social history” and it helped to consider imperious relationships in the epoch of the reforming of criminal justice system in the mirror of representation in historical narratives in social-cultural context and reality of Great Britain in the 18th century. The aim of the following research is to analyze criminal biographies from the Newgate Calendar for comprehension of the psychology of a crime both in the point of view of its direct subjects and through the prism of literary and personal interpretation. To reach the goal the author solves the following tasks: - considers the phenomenon of crime from the point of view of their subjects, on the one hand, and the public in the search for universal forms of neutralization of criminal aggression and ways of realization of the punishment in the stated period, on the other; - analyzes the criminals’ psychological state and emotional reactions taking into account classical studies in criminal psychology; - shows the specifics of the manifestation and perception of violence and “crime and retribution” interpretation in the social and spiritual-intellectual contexts of the period In the framework of the study, the author resorts to both special historical and source study methods (biographical, historical synthesis, discursive analysis, interpretation of texts and sources), as well as to the tools of related humanitarian disciplines such as psychological anthropology (reconstruction of a criminal biography involving fundamental works of Z. Freud, E. Fromm, Yu.M. Antonyan). We conclude the following: First of all, Newgate histories performed the edifying function, reminding us of the inevitability of punishment and compulsory repentance of a criminal. Moralistic component helped the “Calendar” to create the reputation of reading, elevating the spirit and it frequently held pride of place on the bookshelves near the Bible. Secondly, The Newgate Calendar made the attitude to the essence of violence in human nature as a part of public discourse. It was a successful commercial project of replication of the examples of antisocial behavior: violence, fraud, adultery, sexual inversions were boldly included into the sphere of public representation. In fact, the combination of didactic discourses and narrative passages created compositional structure of every biography in proportion, fitting such criteria as provocativeness of the material, eccentricity of a criminal’s personality and the degree of his discrepancy to conventional social norms.