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Киричок, А. В. "Інформаційна система організації замовлення косметичних послуг." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2022. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87378.
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Дипломний проект присвячений розробці мобільного додатку для замовлення косметичних послуг. В роботі проведено аналіз та дослідження наявних аналогів, виявлено вимоги до реалізації, також наявний аналіз переваг та недоліків останніх. Результатом проведеної роботи є розробка мобільного додатка для замовлення косметичних послуг, що реалізовано за допомогою мови програмування С# та СУБД Firebase. Практичне значення роботи полягає у розробці мобільного додатка, що є досить актуальним в наш час пандемії. Так мінімізуються черги, а користувач матиме змогу зробити це в будь-який час доби. Також електронна клієнтська база не тільки є надійною, а ще може принести масу переваг не тільки для споживачів, але й для власників. Це дозволило впровадити рейтинг майстрів для кращого вибору клієнта.
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Кулиба, М. В. "Розробка кабінету користувача для обліку показань лічильників води із використанням платформи Google Firebase та фреймворку React.js." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23491.
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Кулиба, М. В. Розробка кабінету користувача для обліку показань лічильників води із використанням платформи Google Firebase та фреймворку React.js : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 123 "Комп’ютерна інженерія" / М. В. Кулиба ; керівник роботи О. В. Красножон ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра інформаційних та комп’ютерних систем. – Чернігів, 2020. – 49 с.Сьогодні важко уявити наше життя без інтернету. Інтернет сторінки поступово вилучають з обігу паперові документи і джерела інформації. З кожним роком набирає популярності система он-лайн кабінетів платників комунальних послуг з метою своєчасного обліку їх надання та отримання. Для підприємств, що надають комунальні послуги є актуальним своєчасний облік їх надання та використання споживачем. Створення та експлуатація он-лайн кабінетів споживачів та платників комунальних послуг сприяє вдосконаленню обліку наданих комунальних послуг, збільшенню якості надання послуг та, відповідно, збільшення прибутку. На сьогодні JavaScript є найпопулярнішою мовою програмування, що обумовлено, як на мою думку, невибагливістю мови – для того, аби виконати написаний скрипт, в найпростішому випадку достатньо просто відкрити сторінку консолі в браузері. До того ж, існує велика кількість сторонніх бібліотек, які дають змогу для вживаних тривіальних задач використати існуючий код, тим самим, пришвидшити розробку. JavaScript абсолютно безкоштовний, як і бібліотеки для нього (на відміну від інших популярних мов програмування для веб, наприклад, php). Для того, аби адаптувати мову для великих проектів, зробити програмування більш комфортним, існує велика кількість фреймворків, що дає величезну перевагу і гнучкість для розробника, тим самим, закріпляючи мову на 1-му місці у списку найбільш вживаних. Об’єкт дослідження. Кабінет користувача для обліку показань лічильників води. Предмет дослідження. Програмні засоби, які дозволяють створити кабінет користувача для обліку показань лічильників води. Гіпотеза дослідження. Використовуючи платформу Google Firebase та фреймворку React.js для створення кабінету користувача для обліку показань лічильників води отримуємо найбільш якісний результат за найкоротший час. Мета. Розробка кабінету користувача для обліку показань лічильників води із використанням платформи Google Firebase та фреймворку React.js. Продемонструвати можливості React.js фреймворку для створення веб-застосунків. Продемонструвати можливості Google firebase, як хостингу для веб-застосунків. Продемонструвати взаємодію React.js, Google firebase, Google API для створення повноцінного веб-застосунку з розміщення останнього в інтернеті як самостійний інтернет ресурс.
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Edman, Johan. "Fireball 2 : Energieffektiv fiber produktion." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100077.
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The development within the textile industry is always ongoing with development of new and better textiles, which often mean the use of non-natural materials like polyester. This doesn’t line up with the work shared around the world against an improved environment, so the idea came to use a form of linen fibers instead of polyester as the reinforcing material together with cotton. The idea was to use flax, linen of low quality, which is seen as a waste product and garbage in the production of high quality linen and flax seed oil. This flax of low quality needs to be separated before it can be used in cotton spinning machines. Fireball 2 is just that, a process to separate flax fibers through the treatment of a technique called electrohydraulic discharge. The thesis works goal is to evaluate the Fireball 2 process ability to separate flax fiber. To achieve this goal the process is described, which phenomenon that treat the flax fibers and how they arise, as well as the components included in the system. Much of the work involves tests of different electrodes as it shows that the electrode strongly contributes to the discharge property, which is very important for the systems ability to treat flax. Fireball 2 is marketed as an environmental technique as it doesn’t require any chemical additives for the separation; the only thing needed is flax, water and electricity. For it to be considered environmentally friendly is has to be efficient, therefore the thesis rapport discuss the discharge efficiency. The result of the fiber separation tests show that Fireball 2 separates flax with good results, both in the form of analysis of separated fibers as well as energy efficiency. Measures under performed tests have shown that the efficiency is high, close to 100 percent of the energy stored in the system is released during treatment of the flax. Analysis made at De Montfort University of the treated flax show that the flax is well separated. When it comes to the electrode an satisfactory design of the electrodes conductive part have been found during this thesis work, although more work is required to find an isolation material that can withstand the high strain that the plasma channel cause.Utvecklingen inom textilindustrin gar standigt framat med utveckling av nya och battre textiler, vilket ofta innebar anvandning av icke naturliga material som polyester. Da detta inte gar i linje med det ovriga arbetet runt om i varlden mot en forbattrad miljo, fanns en ide att anvanda lin fibrer istallet for polyester som forstarkningsmaterial tillsammans med bomull. Iden var att anvanda flax, vilket ar lin av lagre kvalitet, som anses vara en restprodukt och avfall vid produktionen av hogkvalitativt lin och linolja. Detta lin av lag kvalitet maste separeras innan det kan anvandas i spinnmaskiner for bomull och Fireball 2 ar just en process for att separera flax fibrer genom att behandla dem med en teknik kallad elektrohydraulisk urladdning. Examensarbetets mal ar att utvardera Fireball 2 processens formaga att separera lin fibrer. For att kunna gora detta beskrivs processen, vilka fenomen som behandlar flax fibrerna och hur dessa uppkommer, samt systemets uppbyggnad med de olika komponenterna. Mycket av arbetet involverade tester av olika elektroder, da det visade sig att just elektroden bidrog starkt till urladdningens egenskaper som ar valdigt viktig for systemets formaga att behandla flax. Fireball 2 marknadsfors som en miljovanlig teknik da den inte kraver nagra kemiska tillsatser for separeringen, det anda som behovs ar flax, vatten och elektricitet. For att den ska anses vara miljovanlig maste effektiviteten vara hog, darfor behandlar rapporten urladdningens effektivitet. Resultatet fran fibersepareringstesterna visar att Fireball 2 processen separerar flax med goda resultat, bade i form av analyser av separerade fibrer som energi effektivitet. Matningar under utforda tester har visat att effektiviteten ar hog, nara 100 procent av energin lagrad i systemet anvands for att behandla flax fibrerna, vilket ar nara optimalt. Samtidigt visar analyser gjorda pa De Montfort Universitetet i Leicester att det behandlade flaxet ar val separerat. Vad det galler arbetet med elektroden sa har en tillfredstallande utformning av elektrodens ledande del hittades under utforandet av detta examensarbete, dock kravs fortsatt arbete med att hitta ett isolationsmaterial som kan motsta de hoga pafrestningar som plasma kanalen astadkommer.
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McNamara, Marjorie Schratz. "Simple Fires." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02272004-204740/.
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"Suspended in Mid-Air while Looking under the Bed" begins and loosely foreshadows this collection of poetry and short stories. I am a storyteller, pulled by both family and place in my life. In this thesis, I play impresario and follow each short story with poems which resonate with that story. The first poems and short stories speak from places in my life: Ireland, Prague, and Malawi. Then my storytelling comes closer to family with a fictional account of my great-grandparents Wilhelm and Ana Krane, who immigrated to Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, in the 1880's. My story of family continues through relationships, reunions, my parents, and ends with the contemporary world when my translation of Charles Baudelaire merges into a poem about Iraq.
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Olwell, David H., and Alan R. Washburn. "Internetting of fires." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/24462.
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Perry, Christopher Harton. "Synthesizing interactive fires." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62329.
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Young, Elizabeth Anne. "Standardising Design Fires For Residential and Apartment Buildings: Upholstered Furniture Fires." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1959.
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This purpose of this research was to develop a credible set of furniture design fires for
residential/apartment buildings and determine a methodology for incorporating compartment effects in
design fires. Design fires can be defined using various outputs, the most important being the HRR
profile, and depending on the application the following may also be relevant:
· Smoke production rates
· Soot yield
· Species production rates
· Temperature profiles
· Visibility
· Heat fluxes
· Mass loss rate of the fuel
· Flame spread
There were three phases to this project: The first phase of this project was a comprehensive data and
literature review to determine the amount of experimental data available and commonly accepted
burning characteristics for upholstered furniture; armchairs, 2-seater sofas, 3-seater sofas, beds and
bedding assemblies, and commonly accepted burning characteristics and compartment effects. A large
proportion of the review provided only qualitative guidance for design fires.
In the second phase the data collected during the review was collated and used to quantitatively
analyse key fire characteristics. These were
· peak HRR,
· time to peak HRR,
· growth rate,
· total heat released and
· maximum CO/CO2 ratio.
A methodology was developed to statistically analyse experimental data using BestFit, and where there
was sufficient data the 98th percentile of the statistical analysis was used as a quantitative guide for
furniture design fires. Similarly, compartment effects were incorporated into the design fires by
analysing and comparing the experimental data from free burn and room burn tests of the same
furniture item. The same statistical analysis was used to determine likely changes in the key fire
characteristics mentioned above.
A methodology for determining design fires for upholstered furniture was devised, however the small
number of data sets available for analysis meant the quantitative results were only indicative.
The third phase was to attempt to model furniture fires using FDS, which determined that at the time of
this project, FDS was not capable of modelling simple furniture fires accurately. The simulation results
varied significantly from the experimental results and a number of limitations were identified. Therefore
FDS should not be used to create design fires using the heat of combustion method, which relies on the
users’ definition of material properties.
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Karlsson, Karl Arvid. "Design av en synkroniserad databas till en mobil spelapplikation med hjälp av Firebase." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143598.
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Att ha en välfungerande back-end till ett system kan spara arbete i både utvecklingsfas och i underhållsfas. Mitt arbete var att implemetera Firebase som ny back-end för geografispelet Map Makers Quest och för spelets Questeditor. Med implementeringen av Firebase funktionaliteter som bland annat Firebase: realtidsdatabas introduserades även en ny datastruktur som är optimerad för spelets behov med realtidsfunktionaliteter. Arbetet visar att med Firebase så minskade den nedladdade datamängden i den första spelade spelomgången jämfört med de tidigare Flask/MongoDB systemet, för att i de efterföljande omgångarna var den nedladdade datamängden större per omgång. Därutöver konstaterades att variansen av nedladdad datamängd per spelomgång ökade med Firebase.
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Зелений, О. В. "Мобільний додаток для планування індивідуальних завдань з використанням фреймворку NativeScript та платформи Firebase." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/21466.
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Зелений, О. В. Мобільний додаток для планування індивідуальних завдань з використанням фреймворку NativeScript та платформи Firebase : дипломна робота : 121 Інженерія програмного забезпечення / О. В. Зелений ; керівник роботи Білоус І. В. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра інформаційних технологій і програмної інженерії. – Чернігів, 2020. – 66 с.Об’єкт розробки – мобільний додаток для планувіання індивідуальних завдань. Мета роботи – створення мобільного додатку для підвищення власної продуктивності та працездатності, за допомогою створення нотаток та ведення щоденника. Система забезпечує: авторизацію юзерів для збереження інформації за конкретним аккаунтом, додання, редагування та видалення особистих нотаток, ведення щоденника. У ході розробки: - проведено аналіз існуючих додатків для створення записів; - сформульовані вимоги до розроблюваної системи; - розроблено архітектуру додатку; - реалізовано програмний проект, що виконує поставлене завдання Впровадження цього додатку в користування дозволить тримати в пам’яті менше інформації та планів, що зменшує ризики щось забути, а також покращує якість планування.
The object of development is a mobile application for planning individual measurements. The purpose of the work is to create a mobile application for your own productivity and efficiency, which allows you to create notes and keep a diary. The system provides: authorization of users to store information linked to accounts, creating, editing and publishing personal notes, keeping a diary. During development: - analysed additional applications for taking notes; - formulated requirements to the presented system; - developed application architecture; - implemented a software project that performs the task. Usage of this application can help doing more things without overhelming your attention zone, as well as improve the quality of planning.
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Levine, Jeffrey 1979. "Optical pyrometry of fireballs from a metallised explosive." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82610.
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A three-colour pyrometer is built and used to record the transient visible radiation emitted by a fireball produced when a condensed explosive is detonated. Measurements of the radiant intensity at several narrow wavelength bands are used to estimate the temperature of the products within the fireball. For conventional oxygen-deficient homogeneous explosives (TNT and nitromethane), the radiant intensity reaches a maximum typically after tens of milliseconds, but the measured fireball temperature remains largely constant for more than 100 ms, at a value of about 2 000 K, consistent with predictions using equilibrium thermodynamics codes. When combustible metal particles such as aluminium, magnesium or zirconium are added to the explosive, reaction of the particles enhances the radiant energy and the fireball temperature is increased. In this case, the fireball temperatures are lower than equilibrium predictions, but are consistent with measurements of particle temperature in single particle ignition experiments.
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Heaton, Michael. "Hydrodynamics of a decelerating gamma-ray burst fireball." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543735.
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Panaitescu, Alin-Daniel. "Gamma-ray bursts and afterglows from relativistic fireballs." Adobe Acrobat reader required to view the full dissertation, 1999. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-11/index.html.
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Chowdhury, Mishu, and Kani Yara. "Utveckling av en mobilapplikation för schemaläggning : För sjuksköterskor och undersköterskor på närakuter." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298438.
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Schemaläggning av personal kan vara tidskrävande, men detta kan underlättas med hjälp av digitala system. På flera närakuter i Stockholms län utförs schemaläggning för sjuksköterskor och undersköterskor fortfarande på papper, vilket medför administrativa svårigheter. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utveckla en Android mobilapplikation som kan ersätta det nuvarande schemaläggningssystemet. Målet var att skapa en applikation som hanterar schemaläggningen av arbetspass och underlättar kommunikationen mellan all personal. Med hjälp av Android Studio utvecklades en mobilapplikation som tillåter användare att skapa schemaläggare- eller personalkonto. Användare med schemaläggarkonto kan skapa arbetspass, välja personal till och ta bort personal från passen. Användare med personalkonto kan göra en intresseanmälan för arbetspass och få en lista över sina kommande pass. Applikationen är försedd med en veckovis kalender som visar de skapade passen och personalen som är vald till passen. Med applikationen kan användarna kontakta varandra genom en chattfunktion. Den utvecklade applikationen, som uppfyllde uppdragsgivarens mål, testades och responsen vid testningen var positivt. Applikationen är fortfarande i utvecklingsfasen och behöver kompletteras med flera funktioner för att bli mer anpassningsbart för användarna. Framtida arbeten innefattar utveckling av en iOS-version och justering av applikationen för att användas på flera närakuter. Efter dessa justeringar kan applikationen publiceras på Google Play och App Store.Scheduling can be a time-consuming process; however, this can be facilitated by utilizing digital systems. In several local emergency wards in Stockholm, the scheduling of nurses and assistant nurses is still performed on paper, which results in administrative complications. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to develop an Android mobile application that can replace the current scheduling system. The aim was to create an application that handles personnel scheduling and supports communication between the personnel. Using Android Studio an Android mobile application was developed that allows users to create scheduler and personnel accounts. Users with a scheduler account can create work shifts, select personnel for and remove personnel from the shift. Users with a personnel account can sign up for work shifts and receive a list of their upcoming shifts. The application provides the user with a weekly schedule which displays the created shifts and the personnel selected for the shifts. By using the application, users can communicate with each other through a chat function. The developed application, which meets the client's requirements, was tested and the feedback from the testing was positive. The application is still in the development stages and requires the addition of several functions to make it more customizable for the users. Future work involves developing an iOS-version and adjusting the application to utilize it in several local emergency wards. After these adjustments, the application can be distributed in Google Play and App Store.
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Feasey, R. "Post-Flashover Design Fires." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8266.
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This report reviews the modelling of post-flashover fires and compares the various methods of predicting temperature versus time in post-flashover compartment fires, including the historical development of theoretical approaches.
The report specifically addresses the use of the COMPF2 model as implemented in the
COMPF2PC computer programme, as a prediction tool for post-flashover fire temperatures. Aspects of the computer code are compared with theory and experimental data. The results of many COMPF2PC simulations are compared with test fire data, in order to determine how best to characterise the input data to achieve the best simulation results with the computer programme.
It is found that with careful selection of input data, COMPF2PC can provide good prediction of post flashover fire temperatures for compartments with a fire load of greater than15 kg of wood per square metre of floor area, and for ventilation factors
A˯√H/A˕ ≥ 0.04. Reliability of temperature prediction is poorer for ventilation factors
(A˯√H/A˕) significantly less than 0.04.
Guidelines for use of the COMPF2PC programme are provided.
Based on the methodology developed during simulation of test fires, generalised fire temperature versus time curves are developed for a single compartment size and a range of compartment material properties. The generalised COMPF2PC temperature versus time curves are compared with those of alternative models in common use.
It is found that for a fire of fire load 1200 MJ m-² of floor area, in a compartment of medium thermal inertia, depending on ventilation, the COMPF2PC model predicts fires which either have a significantly higher maximum temperature or longer duration (or both), than those predicted by the Eurocode Parametric fire, and the "Swedish" fire model of Magnusson and Thelandersson. This may have a significant impact on the calculation of time equivalent fires.
Recommendations for future development of the COMPF2PC programme are provided.
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Сукач, Р. Ю., and М. М. Р. Мних. "Prevention of forest fires." Thesis, Львівський державний університет безпеки життєдіяльності. ХVІ Міжнародна науково-практична конференція молодих вчених, курсантів та студентів “Проблеми та перспективи розвитку забезпечення безпеки життєдіяльності”. ст. 171-172. м. Львів 2021 р, 2021. http://sci.ldubgd.edu.ua:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/9059.
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Ганець, Андрій Сергійович, and Andrii Hanets. "«Розробка програмного забезпечення для керування розкладом студента з використанням REST - архітектури та Firebase API»." Master's thesis, ТНТУ ім. І Пулюя, 2019. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/30640.
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Магістерська робота «Розробка програмного забезпечення для
керування розкладом студента з використанням REST - архітектури та
Firebase API» Ганець Андрій Сергійович, Тернопільський національний
технічний університет імені І. Пулюя, факультет
комп’ютерно–інформаційних систем і програмної інженерії, кафедра
програмної інженерії, група СПм–61, Тернопіль, 2019.
Пояснювальна записка містить: 84 с. 17 рис., 8 табл., 3 дод., 23
бібліогр..
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Diaz, Alexander, Steven Rivera, Leonardo Vinces, and Carpio Christian Del. "A Development of a Mobile Application for Monitoring Siemens S7-1200 Controller Variables Through Firebase." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653777.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Production systems need to be monitored because failure to do so can cause a delay in production due to a lack of remote monitoring. There are solutions that provide this information, but they are limited, because they are owned and very expensive solutions. This paper proposes the development of a mobile application for the monitoring of S7-1200 programmable controller variables through Firebase. The goal is to use open-source-type tools to develop a real-time variable monitoring application of a programmable controller capable of hosting a Web server, and the sent data to the Firebase cloud, in order to avoid modifying the driver software and the data stored in memory. The implemented system of sending, handling and presenting variables is developed with tools of open source type, since they have as an advantage to have greater freedom in programming, unlike proprietary solutions or services. The tests were performed on the Siemens S7-1200 controller with a plastic injection molding machine.
Revisión por pares
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Tsatsoulas, Dimitrios. "Industrial fires in northern greece. The influence of flame retardant coating on timber fires." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489861.
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This Thesis deals with the problem of fire protection mainly in industrial units in the region of Northern Greece. The region represents a large enough sample to allow applications of the findings to the rest of Greece. The approach adopted was two Parts: Part 1: Collection and analysis of ali significant industrial fires in Northern Greece between 1999-2003. Fire incident data were gathered from the Greek Fire Service, National Statistical service, Greek Insurance Union. In total seven hundred and three (703) fire incidents were analyzed. Analysis involved categorizing according industry type. Further analysis for the biggest categories of Timber and Textile industries with respect to place of origin, ignition sources, first ignited materials, time of ignition, degree of spread, financial loss. The data were further processed to provide the probability of fire breaking, fire spread and the expected financial loss was determined using Extreme Value Theory. The main finding ofthe statistical analysis were: • Although the Textile and Timber industries account for lees than 6% of the industrial units they account for 47% ofall fire incidents • The largest values of probability of fires breaking -out were' mostly seen in the ' production and machinery areas, due to electricity, followed by fires breaking in storage areas due to electrical causes or arson. • Event tree analysis showed that the' probability of the fire spreading beyond the item first ignited was large(about 70%) for Textile and Timber industries in comparison. to other countries. The statistical analysis showed clearly that prevention of fire spread beyond the first item ignited would have a major impact on the reduction of fire losses. 24% of first-ignited materials were wooden surfaces. In the category of timber industries alone, this figure was 55%. -. ~ ,'.. ~ ....- -.' .•. Part2 : As a possible solution to the problem the effect of three (3) typical intumescent flame retardants (latest technology) on the most common types of Timber in Greek industries was examined in small (cone calorimeter) and medium scale (1m3 enclosed fire rig) experiments combined with online effluent gas analysis equipment (FTIR). Analysis involved thermal behavior, smoke production and toxic species analysis of the samples. The main findings ofthe experimental analysis were: • No ignition' and lower toxic emissions compared to untreated samples were . observed at 35kW/m2 (small scale). • The same behavior was observed in those cases where wooden surfaces located next to ignition source had been treated (medium scale). As a next step the experimental and statistical data was employed in an event-tree analysis for cases of fires in Timber industries Based in this analysis it was estimated that the probability of a fire spreading beyond the first ignited materials in case of treatment with - . . -- - ._- flame retardants reduced by 58% A tentative cost benefit analysis using a typical industrial unit supported the use of flame retardants on a financial basis with a payback period of two (2) years. It is proposed that the application of intumescent flame retardants on wooden surfaces located close to ignition sources in the most probable areas for a fire to break out, could be a safe and effective approach in reducing fire losses in industries.
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Cleary, Matthew John. "CMC Modelling of Enclosure Fires." University of Sydney. Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/696.
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This thesis describes the implementation of the conditional moment closure (CMC) combustion model in a numerical scheme and its application to the modelling of enclosure fires. Prediction of carbon monoxide (CO) in the upper smoke layer of enclosure fires is of primary interest because it is a common cause of death. The CO concentration cannot be easily predicted by empirical means, so a method is needed which models the chemistry of a quenched, turbulent fire plume and subsequent mixing within an enclosed space. CMC is a turbulent combustion model which has been researched for over a decade. It has provided predictions of major and minor species in jet diffusion flames. The extension to enclosure fires is a new application for which the flow is complex and temperatures are well below adiabatic conditions. Advances are made in the numerical implementation of CMC. The governing combustion equations are cast in a conserved, finite volume formulation for which boundary conditions are uniquely defined. Computational efficiency is improved through two criteria which allow the reduction in the size of the computational domain without any loss of accuracy. Modelling results are compared to experimental data for natural gas fires burning under a hood. Comparison is made in the recirculating, post-flame region of the flow where temperatures are low and reactions are quenched. Due to the spatial flux terms contained in the governing equations, CMC is able to model the situation where chemical species are produced in the high temperature fire-plume and then transported to non-reacting regions. Predictions of CO and other species are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data over a range of lean and rich hood-fire conditions. Sensitivity of results to chemistry, temperature and modelling closures is inves- tigated. Species predictions are shown to be quite different for the two detailed chemical mechanisms used. Temperature conditions within the hood effect the for- mation of species in the plume prior to quenching and subsequently species predic- tions in the post-flame region are also effected. Clipped Gaussian and ß-function probability density functions (PDFs) are used for the stochastic mixture fraction. Species predictions in the plume are sensitive to the form of the PDF but in the post-flame region, where the ß-function approaches a Gaussian form, predictions are relatively insensitive. Two models are used for the conditional scalar dissipation: a uniform model, where the conditional quantity is set equal to the unconditional scalar dissipation across all mixture fraction space; and a model which is consistent with the PDF transport equation. In the plume, predictions of minor species are sensitive to the modelling used, but in the recirculating, post-flame region species are not significantly effected.
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Stern-Gottfried, Jamie. "Travelling fires for structural design." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5244.
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Traditional methods for specifying thermal inputs for the structural fire analysis of buildings assume uniform burning and homogeneous temperature conditions throughout a compartment, regardless of its size. This is in contrast to the observation that accidental fires in large, open-plan compartments tend to travel across floor plates, burning over a limited area at any one time. This thesis reviews the assumptions inherent in the traditional methods and addresses their limitations by proposing a methodology that considers travelling fires for structural design. Central to this work is the need for strong collaboration between fire safety engineers to define the fire environment and structural fire engineers to assess the subsequent structural behaviour. The traditional hypothesis of homogeneous temperature conditions in postflashover fires is reviewed by analysis of existing experimental data from wellinstrumented fire tests. It is found that this assumption does not hold well and that a rational statistical approach to fire behaviour could be used instead. The methodology developed in this thesis utilises travelling fires to produce more realistic fire scenarios in large, open-plan compartments than the conventional methods that assume uniform burning and homogeneous gas phase temperatures which are only applicable to small compartments. The methodology considers a family of travelling fires that includes the full range of physically possible fire sizes iv within a given compartment. The thermal environment is split into two regions: the near field (flames) and the far field (smoke away from the flames). Smaller fires travel across a floor plate for long periods of time with relatively cool far field temperatures, while larger fires have hotter far field temperatures but burn for shorter durations. The methodology is applied to case studies showing the impact of travelling fires on generic concrete and steel structures. It is found that travelling fires have a considerable impact on the performance of these structures and that conventional design approaches cannot automatically be assumed to be conservative. The results indicate that medium sized fires between 10% and 25% of the floor area are the most onerous for a structure. Detailed sensitivity analyses are presented, showing that the structural design and fuel load have a larger impact on structural behaviour than any numerical or physical parameter required for the methodology. This thesis represents a foundation for using travelling fires for structural analysis and design. The impact of travelling fires is critical for understanding true structural response to fire in modern, open-plan buildings. It is recommended that travelling fires be considered more widely for structural design and the structural mechanics associated with them be studied in more detail. The methodology presented in this thesis provides a key framework for collaboration between fire safety engineers and structural fire engineers to achieve these aims.
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Moqbel, Shadi. "CHARACTERIZING SPONTANEOUS FIRES IN LANDFILLS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2695.
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Landfill fires are relatively common incidents that landfill operators encounter which have great impact on landfill structure and the environment. According to a U.S. Fire Administration report in 2001, an average of 8,300 landfill fires occurs each year in the United States, most of them in the spring and summer months. Subsurface spontaneous fires are considered the most dangerous and difficult to detect and extinguish among landfill fires. Few studies have been conducted on spontaneous fires in landfills. Information regarding the thermal behavior of solid waste is not available nor have measurements been made to evaluate spontaneous ignition of solid waste. The purpose of this research was to provide information concerning the initiation of spontaneous ignition incidents in landfills, and investigate the conditions favoring their occurrence. This study enabled better understanding of the self-heating process and spontaneous combustion in landfills. Effects of parameters critical to landfill operation on spontaneous combustion were determined. Spontaneous combustion occurs when materials are heated beyond the ignition temperature. Temperature rise occurs inside the landfill due to exothermic reactions which cause self-heating of the solid waste. Oxygen introduction leading to biological waste degradation and chemical oxidation is believed to be the main cause of rising solid waste temperatures to the point of ignition. A survey was distributed to landfill operators collecting information regarding spontaneous firs incidents in their landfills. Survey results raised new questions necessitating further study of subsurface fires incidents. Subsurface spontaneous fires were not restricted to any landfill geometry or type of waste (municipal, industrial, commercial, and construction and demolition). Results showed that landfill fires occur in landfills that do and do not recirculate leachate. Although new methods have been developed to detect subsurface fires, landfill operators depend primarily on visual observation of smoke or steam to detect the subsurface fires. Also, survey results indicated that excavating and covering with soil are the most widespread methods for extinguishing subsurface fires. Methane often has been suspected for initiating spontaneous subsurface firs in the landfill. However, combustible mixture of methane and oxygen requires very high temperature to ignite. In this study it was shown that spontaneous fires are initiated by solid materials with lower ignition points. Laboratory tests were conducted evaluating the effect of moisture content, oxygen concentration and leachate on spontaneous ignition of solid waste. A new procedure for testing spontaneous ignition is described based on the crossing-point method. The procedure was used to study the spontaneous combustion of solid waste and determine the auto-ignition temperature of the solid waste components and a synthesized solid waste. Correlations have been established between auto-ignition temperature, specific weight and energy content and between self-heating temperature and specific weight. Correlations indicated that compaction can help avoid spontaneous combustion in the landfill. Dense materials require higher energy to increase in temperature and limit the accessibility of oxygen. In the experimental work, moisture was found to promote both biological and chemical self-heating. Increasing moisture content lowers the solid waste permeability and absorbs more energy as it evaporates. Dissolved solids in leachate were found to promote self-heating and ignition more than distilled water. Varying oxygen concentrations indicated that heat generation occurs due to chemical oxidation even at oxygen concentration as low as 10% by volume. However, at 10% by volume oxygen, solid waste did not exhibit thermal runaway nor flammable combustion. At 0% by volume oxygen, tests results indicated occurrence of self-heating due to slow pyrolysis. A numerical one-dimensional energy model was created to simulate temperature rise in landfill for four different scenarios. Using the results from the laboratory experiment, the model estimated the heat generation in solid waste due to chemical reactions. Results from the scenario simulations indicated that moisture evaporation is the major heat sink in the landfill. The model showed that gas flow has a cooling effect due to increasing amount of evaporated water and can control the temperature inside the landfill. The model showed that a temperature higher than the biological limit can be maintained in the landfill without initiating spontaneous fire.Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering PhD
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Blanco, Ricardo De Jesus. "City of a hundred fires." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1693.
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These poems capture the "coming of age" experiences encountered by a Cuban-American narrator in the United States and in Cuba. The poems in the book appear chronologically, that is to say, not in the order they were written, but according to the age of the poet-speaker, ranging from early adolescence to young adulthood. The poems in Part I reveal the fragmented traditions and heritage inherited by a first generation Cuban-American, while questioning the complex merging of the two cultures encountered by the poet-speaker. In Part II, the majority of the poems are set in Cuba, as the poet-speaker travels through the living history of his "homeland" to explore the cultural roots discovered in its landscapes, traditions, relatives and towns, like Cienfuegos-"the city of a hundred fires". The style and language of the poetry become unique to the poet-speaker's own cultural vision, the Cuban-American experience transformed to lyric poetry.
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Татаренко, В. С. "Мобільний додаток для сортування продуктів в мережах торгівлі." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23078.
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Татаренко, В. С. Мобільний додаток для сортування продуктів в мережах торгівлі : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 123 "Кoмп’ютepнa iнжeнepiя" / В. С. Татаренко ; керівник роботи С. В. Зайцев ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра iнфopмaцiйниx тa кoмп’ютepниx cиcтeм. – Чернігів, 2021. – 65 с.Об’єктом розробки був мобільний застосунок, а саме мобільний додаток для сортування продуктів в мережах торгівлі. Додаток розроблявся для операційної системи Android, з використанням мови програмування Java та технологій Android SDK. Розробка проводилася в середовищі розробки Android Studio 4.1.0.0. Метою цього за стосунку було створити додаток, який допоможе завжди знати, які продукти є, а які потрібно купити. Додаток дозволяє створити певний список продуктів з уточненням назви, калорійності та кількості продуктів. Продукти можно рознести по певним категоріям. Також додаток дозволяє створити оповіщення у календарі, які продукти треба купити. Результатом роботи є реалізація таких можливостей додатку: - Реєстрація користувача, та збір інформації про нього; - Надання повного списку продуктів; - Розподіл продуктів на категорії; - Створення оповіщення у календарі; Створений додаток буде корисний для будь-якого типу людей, віку. Для покращення зручності та функціонування, можна додати функцію створення та перегляду рецептів, щоб вони завжди були під рукою. Розширення функціональних можливостей та покращення інтерфейсу
The object of development was a mobile application, namely a mobile application for sorting products in retail chains. The application was developed for the Android operating system, using the Java programming language and Android SDK technologies. The development was carried out in the development environment of Android Studio 4.1.0.0. The purpose of this relationship was to create an application that will help you always know which products are available and which ones to buy. The application allows you to create a specific list of products with the specification of the name, caloric content and quantity of products. Products can be divided into certain categories. The application also allows you to create alerts in the calendar, which products you need to buy. The result is the implementation of the following features of the application: - User registration and collection of information about him; - Providing a complete list of products; - Division of products into categories; - Create alerts in the calendar; The created application will be useful for any type of people, age. To improve convenience and functionality, you can add the function of creating and viewing recipes so that they are always at hand. Enhanced functionality and improved interface The work has practical value. The calculation of economic value is not performed.
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Berdahl, James Scott. "Morning light : the secret history of the Tagish Lake Fireball." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60837.
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Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-36).
[Spoiler alert:] On January 18, 2000, a meteoroid 4 meters in diameter hit the Earth's atmosphere and exploded over the Yukon Territory in northern Canada. The size of the fireball and the contrail that it left behind caught the attention of meteoriticists, who suspected it was a carbonaceous chondrite. Amongst the public, however, reactions to the event were varied, and conspiracy theorists emerged, claiming that the meteor had been a failed weapons test conducted by the United States military. A week after the fall, outdoorsman Jim Brook discovered black meteorites on the frozen surface of Tagish Lake, in northern British Columbia. He kept the stones pristine: frozen and untouched-a first for any meteorite fall. He made his discovery known to a few scientists only after they agreed to confidentiality, and those scientists confirmed that he had found a carbonaceous chondrite. Alan Hildebrand and Peter Brown put together an expedition to recover more fragments of the rare meteorite, interviewing eyewitnesses to reconstruct the trajectory of the bolide, but recovery efforts were hampered by deep snow. A second expedition returned in the spring when, for a short window, the fragile chondrites were exposed on the melting lake ice, and collection was successful. The secrecy surrounding these expeditions contributed to the idea that a cover-up was taking place; that the meteorite was not real. But scientific analysis, conducted by Mike Zolensky and many others, has proven otherwise. The Tagish Lake Meteorite appears to be a new type of meteorite, with ties to CI and CM type chondrites, possibly from the D type asteroids. It has the highest concentrations of carbon observed in any extraterrestrial sample, and an abundance of presolar grains. Rich in extraterrestrial organic compounds and containing distinct hollow organic globules, the primitive meteorite has brought a mini revolution to the field of meteoritics. It may help us understand the beginnings of the solar system and the origins of life on Earth. The story of the fall, recovery and the study of this meteorite highlights the necessary uncertainties of the scientific method, and the relationship between science and the general public.
by James Scott Berdahl.
S.M.in Science Writing
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Azevedo, Claudia Chalita de. "Um estudo sobre a obra The Fireman, de Ray Bradbury." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/175067.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, Florianópolis, 2016.Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T04:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 345494.pdf: 1675327 bytes, checksum: c647016ca46b7b96096ea3b561f78402 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
Esta tese pretende, a partir da novela The Fireman (1951), de Ray Bradbury, refletir sobre possibilidades de resistência em uma sociedade polarizada entre homens-livros e bombeiros, leitores e telespectadores, literatura e mídia. A primeira alternativa é alicerçada pelo gesto da guardiã do acervo escrito a qual opta em morrer, em sua decrépita morada, com os seus livros embebidos em querosene e consumidos pelas labaredas do encarnado fogo. A renúncia dessa mulher aos axiomas autoritários, sua incorporação do ?preferiria não? produzem ruínas. A segunda alternativa é vislumbrada a partir de resíduos: brasas, fumaças, cinzas, poeiras, fuligens, sombras, imagens dispersas e incertas. Essas sobrevivências indefinidas, voláteis, indistintas entre a visibilidade e a invisibilidade escapam ao controle, possibilitam contágios. Na contramão da disseminação, o vidro é concebido como indício de controle, vigilância. Nesta perspectiva daquilo que, normalmente, é despercebido ou pouco valorizado, interessa, ademais, o ato de fumar cigarros e a prática de caminhar pelas ruas sem objetivo. Produzir pequenas fumaças por meio da queima do tabaco industrializado, assim como chamuscar o tempo em deambulações, em uma sociedade onde ?time is money?, similarmente, são vistos como mecanismos de combate. Ambos são improdutivos, não produzem algo utilitário. Mildred é considerada como sintoma da colonização do corpo humano e da subjetividade, via regulamentações biopolíticas. Mais do que fazer viver ou morrer, interessa criar sobreviventes como investimento de capital. Assim, a esposa do pragmático Montag caracterizaria algo como sobrevida, remanente. O encontro do pirotécnico e burocrata Montag com os homens-livros, ou seja, o desfecho da narrativa de Bradbury, será ponto de partida para a seguinte indagação: como pensar para além do humanismo que contempla e vislumbra o desembrutecimento, a absolvição da alienação, a liberdade, a repressão da animalidade do homem através do acesso aos livros e a sua leitura - a cultura escrita.
Abstract : This thesis aims, through the novella The Fireman (1951), by Ray Bradbury, to reflect on possibilities of resistance in a society polarized between book-men and firemen, readers and viewers, literature and media. The first alternative is based on the gesture of the guardian of the written collection, which chooses to die in her decrepit abode with her books soaked in kerosene and consumed by the flames of the scarlet fire. This woman's renunciation of authoritarian axioms, her incorporation of the ?would rather not? produce ruins. The second alternative is glimpsed from residues: embers, smoke, ashes, dust, soot, shadows, scattered and uncertain images. These indefinite volatile survivals, indistinct between visibility and invisibility, are beyond control, allowing contagions. Contrary to dissemination, glass is conceived as evidence of control, vigilance. In this perspective of what is usually unnoticed or undervalued, there is also an interest in smoking cigarettes and in roaming through the streets without purpose. Producing small fumes by burning industrialized tobacco, as well as scorching time in wandering, in a society in which ?time is money?, are similarly viewed as combat mechanisms. Both are unproductive, they do not produce something utilitarian. Mildred is considered one of the symptoms of the colonization of the human body and of the subjectivity, via biopolitical regulations. More than living or dying, what is interesting is to create survivors as a capital investment. Thus, the wife of the pragmatic Montag would be characterized as survival, remnant. The meeting of the pyrotechnic and bureaucrat Montag with the bookmen, i.e., the outcome of Bradbury's novella, will be the starting point for the following question: how to think beyond the humanism that contemplates and envisages the unbrutishness, the absolution of alienation, the freedom, the repression of the animality of man through the access to books and reading - the written culture.
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Marques, Fábio Maurício Oliveira. "Fireman: sistema android para gestão respiratória de bombeiros em equipa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11802.
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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaOs bombeiros atuam, quotidianamente, em cenários bastante adversos, podendo as condicionantes ser tão extremas (e. g. fumos, gazes, temperatura) que tornem necessário o recurso a dispositivos de respiração artificial, denominados por Aparelho Respiratório Isolantes de Circuito Aberto (ARICA). Neste sentido, e dada a importância da função respiratória para a saúde dos operacionais, torna-se pertinente a utilização de novas soluções tecnológicas que permitam auxiliar os bombeiros, na monitorização respiratória, quando estes utilizam o ARICA. Na presente dissertação descreve-se a conceção do sistema FIREMAN, para a monitorização respiratória em bombeiros que utilizam ARICA com suporte do VitalAir (dispositivo, agregado ao ARICA, para aquisição de sinal respiratório). A aplicação central do FIREMAN consiste num módulo de análise respiratória integrado na aplicação DroidJacket, aplicação de monitorização de equipas de bombeiros. Este módulo permite a identificação de variáveis de interesse no domínio da respiração (e.g. padrões respiratórios, autonomia e consumo instantâneo do ARICA) permitindo detectar potenciais situações de risco no Teatro de Operações. Como prova de conceito, desenvolveu-se uma aplicação Web, que permite a visualização da informação respiratória obtida por meio da aplicação móvel do FIREMAN. A avaliação do FIREMAN consistiu na demonstração do sistema a bombeiros e em provas de esforço, em 5 bombeiros com diferente grau de experiência na utilização do ARICA, onde foi evidente o potencial do sistema em identificar diferentes níveis de esforço. O sistema FIREMAN poderá cobrir uma lacuna encontrada na monitorização e estudo dos danos que as operações de socorro induzem nos operacionais (e.g. patologias, stress), constituindo uma boa base de suporte no Teatro de Operações. Adicionalmente, e enquanto resultado científico, ressalta-se a aceitação de uma publicação do FIREMAN numa conferência internacional da área científica.
Firefighters work, every day, under very adverse scenarios, the constraints may be so extreme (e. g. smoke, gases, temperature), requiring the use of artificial respiration devices, called Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). In this sense, and given the importance of respiratory function for the health of operational, it is pertinent to use new technology solutions helping those firefighters in the respiratory monitoring, when they use SCBA. This dissertation describes the design of the system FIREMAN, for respiratory monitoring for firefighters using SCBA supported by VitalAir (device added to SCBA for acquiring the respiratory signal). The FIREMAN main application consists in an analysis module, integrated in the respiratory DroidJacket application (monitoring application for firefighters’ team). This module allows the identification of variables of interest in the field of respiration (e. g. breathing patterns, autonomy and instantaneous consumption of SCBA) allowing the detection of potential risky situations in the operation scenarios. As a proof of concept, we developed a web application that allows the visualization of respiratory information obtained by the mobile application. The system was evaluated by practical demonstration, and by exercise tests, in 5 firefighters with different levels of experience in the use of SCBA. The system potential was evident in the identification of different effort levels. The FIREMAN system can cover a gap found in the monitoring and study of the damage induced by the operations in the firefighters (e. g. diseases, stress), providing a good basis of support in the operation scenarios. Additionally, and as a scientific result, it should be emphasized the acceptance of a publication (about the FIREMAN system) in an international conference.
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Mikalsen, Ragni Fjellgaard [Verfasser]. "Fighting flameless fires : initiating and extinguishing self-sustained smoldering fires in wood pellets / Ragni Fjellgaard Mikalsen." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1219965162/34.
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Thompson, Christy L. "Carrying wet laundry & starting fires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ42216.pdf.
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Bragin, Maxim Vladimirovich. "Mechanisms of hydrogen ignition and fires." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515886.
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Garrison, Trent. "The Environmental Effects of Coal Fires." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/31.
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There are thousands of subterranean coal fires in the world that, because of incomplete combustion, emit a wide variety of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds to the atmosphere, water, and soil at concentrations that could pose health risks to humans and wildlife. The main goals of this study were to (1) review methods that are used to characterize physical and chemical characteristics of coal-fire sites, (2) determine relationships between gas emissions and physical and chemical characteristics of coal-fire sites, using a combination of regression and multivariate statistical methods, and (3) determine the concentrations of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in water and soil at two coal-fire sites in eastern Kentucky. More specifically:
The objective of Chapter 1 was to review past works and list technologies used over time. Eight years of coal-fire collection technologies were reviewed. A variety of methods and technologies were identified. Qualitative and quantitative preferences were noted.
The objective of Chapter 2 was to identify and list uncontrolled coal-fire variables. These variables include complete/incomplete combustion; fire temperature and size; distance to fire; relative humidity and moisture in the system; geology, geochemistry, and age of coal; condition of the mine, sampling time of day; sampling equipment differences; and human error. A secondary objective of this chapter was to determine which coal-fire gases have strong relationships by using the principal component analysis (PCA) software JMP. The strongest relationship was between CO and H2S. Temperature and CH4 were also important. This indicates that incomplete combustion and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation are likely occurring, setting the stage for Chapter 3.
The objective of Chapter 3 was to identify and define the extent of soil and water hydrocarbon contamination at the Truman Shepherd and Lotts Creek coal fires in eastern Kentucky. No groundwater contamination was detected at either location. Soil contamination was found at both, but was much higher at Lotts Creek, potentially because of sorption onto soil organic matter (which is reduced at Truman Shepherd by an excavation attempt) and other physicochemical mechanisms. Soil contamination was localized to relatively small areas around coal-fire vents.
Based on the results, future studies should consider: Attempting to duplicate these results in other geologic regions Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from coal fires to consider their contribution to climate change. Coal-fired power plants are regulated, but coal fires, which produce many more harmful gases, are not Determining the feasibility of an oxygen-injection system to engender more complete combustion, therefore possibly reducing harmful gases Determining the feasibility of electricity production from coal fires Adopting a consistent federal coal-fire policy
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Abdul, Reheem Faiz F. "Quantification of smoke produced in fires." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11342.
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Rooney, Gabriel Gerard. "Buoyant flows from fires in enclosures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284999.
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Havens, Michael E. "Dynamic allocation of fires and sensors." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FHavens.pdf.
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Díaz, Avalos Carlos. "Space-time analysis of forest fires /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6375.
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Connolly, Raymond J. "The spalling of concrete in fires." Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14310/.
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The occurrence of spalling is a major factor in determining the fire resistance of concrete constructions. The apparently random occurrence of spalling has limited the development and application of fire resistance modelling for concrete structures. This Thesis describes an experimental investigation into the spalling of concrete on exposure to elevated temperatures. It has been shown that spalling may be categorised into four distinct types, aggregate spalling, corner spalling, surface spalling and explosive spalling. Aggregate spalling has been found to be a form of shear failure of aggregates local to the heated surface. The susceptibility of any particular concrete to aggregate spalling can be quantified from parameters which include the coefficients of thermal expansion of both the aggregate and the surrounding mortar, the size and thermal diffusivity of the aggregate and the rate of heating. Corner spalling, which is particularly significant for the fire resistance of concrete columns, is a result of concrete losing its tensile strength at elevated temperatures. Surface spalling is the result of excessive pore pressures within heated concrete. An empirical model has been developed to allow quantification of the pore pressures and a material failure model proposed. The dominant parameters are rate of heating, pore saturation and concrete permeability. Surface spalling may be alleviated by limiting pore pressure development and a number of methods to this end have been evaluated. Explosive spalling involves the catastrophic failure of a concrete element and may be caused by either of two distinct mechanisms. In the first instance, excessive pore pressures can cause explosive spalling, although the effect is limited principally to unloaded or relatively small specimens. A second cause of explosive spalling is where the superimposition of thermally induced stresses on applied load stresses exceed the concrete's strength.
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Buang, Azizul. "Boilover in liquid hydrocarbon tank fires." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15186.
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Boilover is a violent ejection of certain liquid hydrocarbons due to prolonged burning during a storage tank fire. It happens due to vaporization of the water sub-layer that commonly resides at the base of a storage tank, resulting in the ejection of hot fuel from the tank, enormous fire enlargement, formation of a fireball and an extensive ground fire. Boilover is a very dangerous accidental phenomenon, which can lead to serious injuries especially to emergency responders. The boilover can occur several hours after the fuel in a storage tank caught fire. The delayed boilover occurrence is an unknown strong parameter when managing the emergency response operations. Modelling and simulation of the boilover phenomenon will allow the prediction of the important characteristics features of such an event and enable corresponding safety measures to be prepared. Of particular importance is the time from ignition to the occurrence of boilover. In order to establish a tool for the prediction of the boilover events, it is essential to understand what happens within the fuel during a fire. Such understanding is important in order to recognize and determine the mechanisms for the hot zone formation and growth which are essentials, especially for predicting the onset time of boilover. Accordingly, boilover experiments and tests were planned and carried out at field scale by the Large Atmospheric Storage Tank FIRE (LASTFIRE) project with the intentions to evaluate the nature and consequences of a boilover, and to establish a common mechanism that would explain the boilover occurrence. Undertaking field scale experiments, however, is difficult to carry out so often due to high costs and high safety concerns. In order to obtain more detailed measurements and visual records of the behaviour of the liquids in the pool, a novel laboratory scale rig has been designed, built and commissioned at Loughborough University. The vessels used in the field scale tests and the laboratory scale rig were instrumented with a network of thermocouples, in order to monitor the distribution in temperature throughout the liquid and its variation with time. The temperature distribution variation as a function of time enabled the recognition of the phases of the evolution of the hot zone and hence the mechanism of boilover. The rig has allowed well defined and repeatable experiments to be performed and hence enable to study and assess boilover in a reproducible manner. In addition, visualisation of the fuel behaviour during the experiments could be obtained to better understand the formation and growth of hot zone, the boiling of water layer and hence the boilover occurrence. A number of small and larger scale experiments had been completed to obtain a wide spectrum of results, evaluating the effect of tank diameters, fuel depth, and water depth on the rate and extent of the boilover. The analysis of the results had elucidated further the processes of the hot zone formation and its growth, and hence mechanisms involved in the boilover occurrence. The important observation was that there are three stages observed in the mechanism of boilover incidence. At the start of the fire there is a stage when the hot zone is formed. This is followed by a period when the bottom of the hot zone moves downwards at a pseudo constant rate in which the distillation process (vaporisation of the fuel s lighter ends) is taking place. The final stage involved the heating up of the lowest fuel layer consisting of components with very high boiling points and occurrence of boilover. Based on the observations of the mechanisms involved in the hot zone formation and its growth, predictive calculations were developed which focus on the provision of an estimate on the time to boilover upon the establishment of a full surface fire and an estimate of the amount of fuel remaining in the tank prior to the occurrence of the boilover. A predictive tool was developed in order to provide predictions on the important parameters associated with a boilover event i.e. the time to boilover, the amount of fuel remaining in the tank prior to boilover and hence the quantity of fuel that would be ejected during boilover and the consequences of a boilover i.e. fire enlargement, fireball effects and the ground area affected by the expulsion of oil during a boilover event. The predictive tool developed is capable of providing good estimates of onset time to boilover and predicts consequences of the boilover. The tool predicting the time to boilover of the LASTFIRE field scale test and the laboratory scales tests was shown to produce predictions that correlated with the observed time to boilover. Apart from the time to boilover, the predictive calculation is also able to provide an estimate of fuel amount remained in the tank at the instance of boilover occurrence. Consequently, the tool is capable of predicting the quantity of burning fuel being ejected and hence the area affected by the extensive ground fire surrounding the tank. The predictive results are conservatives but yet show good agreement with observed time to boilover in real boilover incidents. Certain considerations in the development of safe and effective fire fighting strategies in handling fire scenario with a potential of boilover occurrence, can be assessed using the predictive tool developed.
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Parsons, Russell Andrew. "Spatial variability in forest fuels simulation miodeling and effects on fire behavior /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-141125/.
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Sjöbro, Linus. "Annonsspårning för digitala medier : En systemjämförelse för uppföljning av annonskonvertering hos Facebook-annonser." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37296.
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Facebook is today the biggest ads platform in the world. This makes it strategi- cally smart for companies to run their ads on the platform. To follow up the result from these ads is an important part for the companies to know if the target audience is the right one. The purpose with this thesis was to investigate if it’s possible for the company Leeroy to develope their own system that follow up ad conversion for Facebook ads. But also investigate how to implement Facebook’s own system and if other systems could be used. From this two purposes a number of goals have been set, which all could be answered. A pilot study resulted in the gathering of information if an own solution could be implemented. The result of this pilot study results in the answer no, an own solution could not be implemented at this state. Through the pilot study a recommended solution could be presented where Facebook’s system is the recommended way to go. This result is based on a system comparison between Facebook and Google Firebase. This recommended solution has resulted in a implementation guide that Leeroy can use to implement Facebook SDK in their application portfolio based on React Native.Facebook är idag världens största annonsplattform vilket gör det strategiskt smart för företag att annonsera sin produkt eller sina tjänster på plattformen. Att följa upp resultatet av dessa annonser är för företagen en viktig parameter för att veta om den annonserade målgruppen är rätt. Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka om ett eget system för mobilapplikationer hos företaget Leeroy kan utvecklas för uppföljning av annonskonverteringar hos Facebook-annonser och hur Facebooks egna system implementeras och om andra system går att använda. Utifrån detta syfte kunde ett antal mål fastställas som alla kunde besvaras. Utifrån en förstudie kunde information insamlas om hurvida en egen lösning går att tillämpa. Vilket resulterat i svaret nej, det är idag inte möjligt att utveckla en egen lösning. Genom förstudiens resultat kan en rekommenderad lösning presenteras där Facebooks system rekommenderas utifrån en jämförelse mellan Facebook och Google Firebase. Denna rekommenderade lösning har resulterat i en implementationsguide som Leeroy kan använda för att implementera Facebook SDK i sin applikationsportfölj baserat på React Native.
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Yost, Sarah Anne Harrison Fiona A. "Gamma-ray burst afterglows : constraining physical parameters and fireball model assumptions /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2004. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09252003-152937.
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Huang, Kai. "Population and building factors that impact residential fire rates in large U.S. cities /." View online version, 2009. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/287.
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Phillippi, David M. "The disparity surrounding the integration of Joint Fires an argument for a Joint Fires Observer (Airborne) (JFO(A)) /." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490899.
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Monson, Elizabeth Ida. "Simulations of Controlled Fires Using the One-Dimensional Turbulence Model with Application to Fire Spread in Wildland Fires." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3163.
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The mechanism of flame propagation in fuel beds of wildland fires is important to understand and quantify fire spread rates. Fires spread by radiative and convective heating and often require direct flame contact to achieve ignition. The flame interface in an advancing fire is unsteady and turbulent, making study of intermittent flames in complex fuels difficult. This thesis applies the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model to a study of flame propagation by simulating a lab-scale fire representative of the flame interface in a fuel bed and incorporating solid fuel particles into the ODT code. The ODT model is able to resolve individual flames (a unique property of this model) and provide realistic turbulent statistics. ODT solves diffusion-reaction equations on a line-of-sight that is advanced either in time or in one spatial direction (perpendicular to the line-of-sight). Turbulent advection is modeled through stochastic domain mapping processes. A vertical wall fire, in which ethylene fuel is slowly fed through a porous ceramic, is modeled to investigate an unsteady turbulent flame front in a controlled environment. Simulations of this configuration are performed using a spatial formulation of the ODT model, where the ODT line is perpendicular to the wall and is advanced up the wall. Simulations include radiation and soot effects and are compared to experimental temperature data taken over a range of fuel flow rates. Flame structure, velocities, and temperature statistics are reported. The ODT model is shown to capture the evolution of the flame and describe the intermittent properties at the flame edge, though temperature fluctuations are somewhat over predicted. A solid particle devolatilization model was included in the ODT code to study the convective heating of unburnt solid fuels through direct flame contact. Here the particles are treated as sweet gum hardwood and a single-reaction, first order decomposition model is used to simulate the devolatilization rates. Only preliminary results were presented for a simple case, but this extension of the ODT model presents new opportunities for future research.
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Petersson, Julius. "Applying Gamification Techniques to Enhance the Learning of Geographical Knowledge on a Mobile Platform Using Flutter and Firebase." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179054.
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The goal of this thesis was to evaluate gamification as a means to teach geographical knowledge. To do this, a mobile application was created that is best identified as a map quiz game. That is, a game which acts as a quiz for geographical knowledge in the likes of ``Where is Poland located on the world map''. The user experience was enhanced with gamification techniques, meaning the addition of several game elements such as points and progress bars. With a high completion rate and time improvements, the thesis found that gamification elements enhance the gaming experience when playing a map quiz game.
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Carlsson, Anna-Karin, and Charlotta Wadman. "Visualization of Measurement Data from Tunnel Fires." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96211.
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The work for this thesis has been carried out at SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, in Borås, for the account of the European organisation L-surF, Large Scale Underground Research Facility on Safety and Security, where SP is responsible of the visualization research. The goal with this thesis work is to evaluate different visualization techniques for real-time visualization of measurement data from fire experiments in tunnels. With the evaluation as a starting point a prototype application for visualization of measurement data has been designed and implemented. The developed application can be useful for presentation of results from tunnel fire experiments. The prototype uses different computer graphics techniques to visualize the data in real-time and in an accurate way. The solution was built using OpenSceneGraph with parts of the visualization implemented on the GPU.
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Hansen, Rickard. "Design fires in underground hard rock mines." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-11297.
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During several decades considerable research activities have been conducted with respect to fires in coal mines, but the research activities with respect to hard rock mines have been limited. As the hard rock mines are getting more complex the need for deeper understanding of fires in underground hard rock mines are getting more in demand. The more urgent demands are the need for more specific heat release rate curves as design fires, applicable fire experiments and any method that would allow for the calculation of the total heat release rate curve of an object. This thesis presents a number of examples on design fire curves applicable to underground hard rock mines; it also presents the results of model scale fire experiments and methods for calculating the total heat release rate of several objects at uniform as well as non-uniform conditions. Tests were carried out in a model scale tunnel using wooden pallets as fire load. The parameters tested were the distance between piles of pallets and longitudinal ventilation rate. It was found that an increasing ventilation rate also increases the peak heat release rate. When studying the curves of heat release rates it was found that when the distance between the ignited pile and the second pile increased to a certain level the delayed ignition of the second pile will result in that the peak heat release rate of the adjacent piles will not occur simultaneously. The ignition data indicated that the ignition time of adjacent piles decreased as the longitudinal ventilation increased. A method using a critical heat flux as ignition criterion exhibited very good agreement with the corresponding experiments for both uniform as well as non-uniform conditions. The methods using the ignition temperature as ignition criterion did not agree very well with any of the corresponding experiments.GRUVAN
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Syed, K. J. "Soot and radiation modelling in buoyant fires." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1990. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8070.
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This study seeks to advance present modelling capabilities in respect of soot and thermal radiation emission from fires. Such developments are crucial to the improved estimate of the hazard potential of accidental fires.
Radiation calculation requires the prediction of temperature and the concentrations of all radiatively important species. In hydrocarbon combustion, the key species are carbon dioxide, water vapour, carbon monoxide and particulate soot. In large hydrocarbon fires the latter is usually the dominant radiator. The detailed prediction of the gaseous species in turbulent combustion has previously been shown to be successfully achieved using laminar flamelet modelling in the fast chemistry limit. Soot, however, is governed by relatively slow formation processes which as yet remain poorly understood.
The present study proposes a model for soot formation in turbulent non-premixed combustion which aims to address both the slow chemistry and turbulence interaction. In order to circumvent uncertainties in soot formation processes the model relies on empiricism, through the experimental investigation of a sooting laminar diffusion flame.
The soot formation model is used to predict soot levels in a jet diffusion flame. Subsequent comparison with experimental data suggests the satisfactory performance of the model, but highlights soot oxidation to be a more significant problem. This stems from uncertainties associated both with instantaneous soot oxidation rate and the highly intermittent nature of this process in turbulent non-premixed flames.
The soot formation model is also applied to the prediction of soot levels in a simulated buoyant methane fire, which supplement temperature and gaseous species predictions using a flamelet approach. Detailed predictions of spectrally resolved radiative intensity are then performed and compared with similarly detailed experimental data. The encouraging agreement with experiment allows the assessment of the effect of turbulence-radiation interaction. This is shown to be particularly important in buoyancy-driven fires and is most evident for the luminous radiation. This arises from the soot which is largely confined to narrow sheets that typically lie close to peak temperature zones. A strategy in which more representative soot-temperature correlations may be realised is also described.
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Ferraris, Sergio Adrian. "Large eddy simulation of under-ventilated fires." Thesis, Kingston University, 2007. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20325/.
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The present thesis constitutes an important contribution to the understanding of a partially premixed combustion system associated with the hazardous backdraft phenomena. Backdraft may occur when fresh air is suddenly introduced into a vitiated environment where fire has already died out due to lack of oxygen but there are still unbumt fuel and products of incomplete combustion left. In the context of backdraft or deflagration, a complex flame structure is expected. Both, non-premixed and diffusion combustion might, in principle, be present. The present study focuses on the development of sub-grid scale (SaS) models to facilitate the study of such complex flame structure using the large eddy simulation (LES) technique. Before applying the model to the backdraft simulation, the individual sas models were firstly validated using simple configurations where detailed experimental data is available. A flamelet-like model for premixed combustion was introduced and thereafter coupled with the non-premixed combustion model through a "flame index" parameter. This concept makes use of the gradient signs of oxygen and fuel mass concentrations to distinguish between premixed and diffusion combustion regimes. In the present implementation in LES, an improved version of the flame index concept developed by Domingo et al. [67] was adopted. The model takes into account the fluctuations of both gradients at sub-grid level, which subsequently, might affect the filtered flame index value. In order to track the premixed flame front we used an approach which filters the progress variable balance equation using a filter larger than the actual LES grid. This approach has the advantage that it represents a physical meaningful variable and is stable from the numerical point of view because of the smooth gradients of the progress variable at the flame front and the species concentrations related to it. The flame front tracking technique was tested with an unstrained planar hydrogen flame front. Reasonably good results in burning speed and density ratio were obtained. The non-premixed or diffusion combustion regime was modelled using a flamelet-like model which considers the flame to be located at the stoichiometric value of the mixture fraction and it is related to the strain rate imposed by the counter flow of oxygen and fuel mass concentration feeding streams. This approach has the advantage that it has been tested for different scenarios and it is relatively fast as the variables can be pre-stored in a table. The flame index approach was tested using a laminar triple flame configuration. It was observed that the model could capture the different combustion regimes and predicted the lift-off height with reasonable accuracy. The location of the triple point was well predicted and the three branches further downstream could also be easily discerned from the predictions. Subsequently, a partially premixed turbulent lifted flame was simulated. In this case, it was ne,cessary to introduce the augment of burning velocity induced by the wrinkling of the flame front at sub-grid level. The sas flame front wrinkling factor is defined as the sub-grid scale flame surface divided by its projection in the resolved propagating direction. This can be regarded as the ratio of the sub-grid turbulent flame speed at grid scale (SrLl) and the laminar flame speed (s?). Reasonably good agreement was found on the lift-off prediction, the flame structure, and the mixture fraction profiles. A stabilization mechanism was discussed based on concepts previously exposed where the flame base faces a high velocity flow and a flammable mixture. Thereafter, the flame attempts to find its way upstream through low-speed flammable sections of the flow. It was found that in this process the stabilization point, herein identified as the maximum premixed heat release, plays an important role driving the flame base upstream the flow. Finally, two real scenarios of backdraft in a full scale fire test were simulated. These include the full scale backdraft experiment of Gojkovic [94] and the reduced scale experiment of Weng and Fan [254] . Unfortunately, there exist neither extensive nor accurate measurements før the former one and hence, the comparison against the numerical simulation was largely carried out on qualitative grounds. Five different stages were identified: 1) initial phase, 2) spherical propagation, 3) planar propagation, 4) flame front stretching and 5) fire ball. Qualitatively, the simulation agreed well with the experiment. The ignition delay time (the time from the opening of the hatch until the time when the ignition occurs) was well predicted by the simulation. It was also observed that the flame structure in the backdraft was predominantly premixed. More detailed measurements were available in the tests of Weng and Fan [254]. These included the upper layer temperatures, mass concentrations and pressures at the openings. Different opening geometries were used and the total mass flow rates in and out of the container were also measured. Overall, the predictions were in good agreement with the measurements and the model predicted the correct trend for pressure and mass flow rates in the tests with different openings. Furthermore, the predicted occurrence and non-occurrence of backdraft in different geometrical configurations was in line with the experimental observations in which backdraft did not always happen. During the earlier stages of the study, some effort was devoted to improving the sas turbulence models and to implement a CMC type SGS combustion model into the code. Unfortunately both models were later found to be unsuitable for the backdraft simulation. The first one suffered numerical instabilities caused by the under prediction of the Smagorinsky constant when applied to the backdraft case. The second one was deemed inappropriate due to its requirement of an homogeneous plane of conditional values. Nevertheless, some reasonably good results have been obtained with both models during the validation using simple geometrical configurations, namely a buoyant plume, a backward facing step and the Sandia-D non-premixed turbulent flame. The effort in this direction is therefore still included in the thesis as summarised below. A Lagrangian SGS turbulence model was implemented. Good results were found for classical benchmarking flow configurations such as the buoyant turbulent plume and the backward facing step. It was, however, found that the SGS turbulence viscosity became negative in a larger percentage than originally stated by Maneveour. Because of this, the model is prone to numerical instability. When applied to the backdraft simulation, the dynamically calculated Smagorinsky constant using this model was found to be consistently lower than the conventional range (0.1-0.23). This caused stability problem and made it very difficult to achieve converged solutions. The conditional source estimation (CSE) approach, which is a variation of the Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) approach, was also implemented. This model produced good results for the classical turbulent diffusion flame (SANDIA flame D). Even though the present implementation is not capable of predicting extinction/re-ignition events it was showed that it is very economic from computational point .of view. However, as explained above, this model was also considered as unsuitable for the backdraft simulation.
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Sinha, Parikhit. "Emissions from savanna fires in southern Africa /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10024.
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Le, Canut Philippe. "Forest Fires in Western Europe in 1987." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625803.
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Bader, Nasser Al-Khalaf. "Asthma in Kuwait after the oil fires." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668174.
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