Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fires in buildings

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fires in buildings'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fires in buildings"

1

Fontana, Mario. "Fires in Buildings." IABSE Symposium Report 90, no. 14 (January 1, 2005): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137805796270072.

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Kohno, Mamoru. "High-Rise Building Fires." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0236.

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High-rise buildings play important roles in densely populated urban areas. Those over 100 m high serve as offices, hotels, and residences. Unfortunately, fires will happen in high-rises, and, because of their size, it is difficult to determine that a fire has occurred except on the floor where it has started and is even more difficult to evacuate residents if fire spreads. The collapse of such large buildings itself may adversely affect urban functions. We discuss the risks of fires in high-rise buildings and measures to be taken based on reviews of cases in high-rise buildings in Japan and the investigation of an office building in Spain that collapsed during a fire.
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Vovk, S., N. Ferents, and A. Lyn. "RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE." Fire Safety 37 (January 6, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.04.

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Problem. Religious buildings with a large number of people are fire hazardous. In total, there are 17,407 religious buildings in Ukraine. Out of them, approximately 3,000 are highly fire hazardous wooden buildings.The fire danger feature of religious buildings is open fire usage: candles, torches, lamps, underground rooms with complex planning, lack of ventilation systems. Besides, ancient religious buildings are mostly built using wooden materials. Fires occuring there are resonant, causing material and spiritual damage to the state and society. On average, about 20 fires occur each year in religious buildings, including wooden temples of historical heritage.Рurpose. Fire analysis in religious buildings in Ukraine and their occurrence causes; fire safety of religious buildings research.Preventive measures for religious building fire safety in Ukraine are prioritised by state program for emergency response. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine constantly monitors compliance with fire safety standards, which includes regular facilities inspections, personnel training control to prevent fires and reduce the consequences of fires, development, implementation, and control of technical methods of safety.Research methods. To achieve this goal, further methods were used: historical, systemic, theoretical generalization, abstract, logical, analysis, synthesis, comparative, and statistical methods.The main results. The most common shortcomings in religious building fire protection are the lack or malfunction of automatic fire alarms, power grid requirement non-compliance with the rules of the power grid, improper facility provision of with primary fire extinguishers, lack of lightning and water supplies for firefighting. In most buildings, wooden structures are not treated with refractory mortar.Fire causes and ways to prevent and improve fire safety are analyzed, namely: fire protection of religious building wooden elements, dome space fire extinguishing systems, fire alarm systems, lightning protection, safe people’s evacuation, candlesticks installation on non-combustible surfaces, primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire condition qualitative inspection of the of the heritage building, etc.Conclusions. After service, buildings must be completely deenergized, lighted candles and open fires must not be left unattended in the church. In religious buildings, it is necessary to carry out fire protection of wooden elements constructions, to install fire extinguishing systems in domed space, fire alarm system, lightning protection, to watch serviceability of electric networks. Rules of fire safety requirements for religious buildings are aimed at solving an important task - religious buildings safety. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, the most important requirements are not implemented to improve fire safety.
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Vovk, S., N. Ferents, and A. Lyn. "RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE." Fire Safety 37 (January 6, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.04.

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Problem. Religious buildings with a large number of people are fire hazardous. In total, there are 17,407 religious buildings in Ukraine. Out of them, approximately 3,000 are highly fire hazardous wooden buildings.The fire danger feature of religious buildings is open fire usage: candles, torches, lamps, underground rooms with complex planning, lack of ventilation systems. Besides, ancient religious buildings are mostly built using wooden materials. Fires occuring there are resonant, causing material and spiritual damage to the state and society. On average, about 20 fires occur each year in religious buildings, including wooden temples of historical heritage.Рurpose. Fire analysis in religious buildings in Ukraine and their occurrence causes; fire safety of religious buildings research.Preventive measures for religious building fire safety in Ukraine are prioritised by state program for emergency response. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine constantly monitors compliance with fire safety standards, which includes regular facilities inspections, personnel training control to prevent fires and reduce the consequences of fires, development, implementation, and control of technical methods of safety.Research methods. To achieve this goal, further methods were used: historical, systemic, theoretical generalization, abstract, logical, analysis, synthesis, comparative, and statistical methods.The main results. The most common shortcomings in religious building fire protection are the lack or malfunction of automatic fire alarms, power grid requirement non-compliance with the rules of the power grid, improper facility provision of with primary fire extinguishers, lack of lightning and water supplies for firefighting. In most buildings, wooden structures are not treated with refractory mortar.Fire causes and ways to prevent and improve fire safety are analyzed, namely: fire protection of religious building wooden elements, dome space fire extinguishing systems, fire alarm systems, lightning protection, safe people’s evacuation, candlesticks installation on non-combustible surfaces, primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire condition qualitative inspection of the of the heritage building, etc.Conclusions. After service, buildings must be completely deenergized, lighted candles and open fires must not be left unattended in the church. In religious buildings, it is necessary to carry out fire protection of wooden elements constructions, to install fire extinguishing systems in domed space, fire alarm system, lightning protection, to watch serviceability of electric networks. Rules of fire safety requirements for religious buildings are aimed at solving an important task - religious buildings safety. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, the most important requirements are not implemented to improve fire safety.
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Hasemi, Yuji. "Lessons from Japanese Experience with Fire Disasters in Public Buildings." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0292.

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Fatal fire disasters in commercial and hotel buildings and social effort not to repeat disasters from the 1930s to the beginning of the 21st Century in Japan are reviewed to verify what have been learnt from fire disasters in modern public buildings. Shirokiya Department fire in 1932, Japan's first significant fatal fire in commercial building, evoked social awareness of fire safety in high-rise buildings, and led to the requirements for general framework for the limitation of fire damage in large scale building such as fire separation for the restriction of damaged area, protected escape staircases, and sprinklers. However, procrastination in introducing smoke control and floor-to-floor fire and smoke separation is believed to have become a background for the frequent fatal fires in public buildings in the 1960s. Experience of fatal fires in hotel buildings from the 1960s to the mid-1980s led to the introduction of labeling of fire safety and qualification of fire safety manager for hotels, which became the main background for exterminating fatal hotel fires.
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Ren, Xiaogeng, Chunwang Li, Xiaojun Ma, Fuxiang Chen, Haoyu Wang, Ashutosh Sharma, Gurjot Singh Gaba, and Mehedi Masud. "Design of Multi-Information Fusion Based Intelligent Electrical Fire Detection System for Green Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063405.

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Building management systems are costly for small- to medium-sized buildings. A massive volume of data is collected on different building contexts by the Internet of Things (IoT), which is then further monitored. This intelligence is integrated into building management systems (BMSs) for energy consumption management in a cost-effective manner. Electric fire safety is paramount in buildings, especially in hospitals. Facility managers focus on fire protection strategies and identify where system upgrades are needed to maintain existing technologies. Furthermore, BMSs in hospitals should minimize patient disruption and be immune to nuisance alarms. This paper proposes an intelligent detection technology for electric fires based on multi-information fusion for green buildings. The system model was established by using fuzzy logic reasoning. The extracted multi-information fusion was used to detect the arc fault, which often causes electrical fires in the low-voltage distribution system of green buildings. The reliability of the established multi-information fusion model was verified by simulation. Using fuzzy logic reasoning and the membership function in fuzzy set theory to solve the uncertain relationship between faults and symptoms is a widely applied method. In order to realize the early prediction and precise diagnosis of faults, a fuzzy reasoning system was applied to analyze the arcs causing electrical fires in the lines. In order to accurately identify the fault arcs that easily cause electrical fires in low-voltage distribution systems for building management, this paper introduces in detail a fault identification method based on multi-information fusion, which can consolidate the complementary advantages of different types of judgment. The results demonstrate that the multi-information fusion method reduces the deficiency of a single criterion in fault arc detection and prevents electrical fires in green buildings more comprehensively and accurately. For the real-time dataset, the data results are presented, showing disagreements among the testing methods.
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Skelton, Redvers. "Simulating fires in buildings by computer." Journal of the Forensic Science Society 27, no. 5 (September 1987): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-7368(87)72773-x.

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Johansson, Nils, Patrick van Hees, Margaret Simonson McNamee, Michael Strömgren, and Robert Jansson. "Façade fires in Swedish school buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 9 (2013): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20130903006.

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Evtushenko, Sergej, Viktoriya Lyepikhova, Nadezhda Lyashenko, and Nikolay CHibinyev. "IMPROVING FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES." Construction and Architecture 8, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2020-8-4-95-100.

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The article provides statistics of fires in Russia from electric and gas welding works and identifies their distinctive feature from other causes of fires in buildings and structures. The authors substantiate the need to modernize the welding torch and determine the factors that additionally affect the fire hazard of fire operations in a closed room. The article describes the main requirements for gas welding and cutting equipment. It also shows the importance of primary fire extinguishing means in the elimination of emergency situations involving fires in buildings. The authors indicate the method of modernization of the welding torch and consider the effectiveness of using portable fire extinguishers to eliminate indoor fires in the initial stage of their development. The paper presents the results of the efficiency of modernization of welding torches in the elimination of fires during gas welding operations.
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Yu, Chia Chun, Te Chi Chen, Cherng Shing Lin, and Shih Cheng Wang. "Numerical Simulation of the Performance-Based of the Building Fire Protection Safety Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.668.

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In order to understand the fire safety of the various types of buildings, we need more flexible and efficient performance-estimating methods to verify fire protection safety in various types of buildings. Assuming can utilize computer fire simulation software CFAST / FDS + Evac to analyze Taiwan's domestic fire cases, in order to understand in the different fires heat flow transfer, and toxic smoke diffuse, and human evacuation to escape, and other important fire parameter characteristics, in the building the fire protection safety evaluating to produce the efficiency. This study is used cases of fires in four-story old-style residential and commercial mixed-use buildings to explain building fire performance-based numerical evaluation methods, and to provide quantitative data and reference information in Taiwan performance-based codes creating and the fire protection to project design is helpful in the buildings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fires in buildings"

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Young, Elizabeth Anne. "Standardising Design Fires For Residential and Apartment Buildings: Upholstered Furniture Fires." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1959.

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This purpose of this research was to develop a credible set of furniture design fires for residential/apartment buildings and determine a methodology for incorporating compartment effects in design fires. Design fires can be defined using various outputs, the most important being the HRR profile, and depending on the application the following may also be relevant: · Smoke production rates · Soot yield · Species production rates · Temperature profiles · Visibility · Heat fluxes · Mass loss rate of the fuel · Flame spread There were three phases to this project: The first phase of this project was a comprehensive data and literature review to determine the amount of experimental data available and commonly accepted burning characteristics for upholstered furniture; armchairs, 2-seater sofas, 3-seater sofas, beds and bedding assemblies, and commonly accepted burning characteristics and compartment effects. A large proportion of the review provided only qualitative guidance for design fires. In the second phase the data collected during the review was collated and used to quantitatively analyse key fire characteristics. These were · peak HRR, · time to peak HRR, · growth rate, · total heat released and · maximum CO/CO2 ratio. A methodology was developed to statistically analyse experimental data using BestFit, and where there was sufficient data the 98th percentile of the statistical analysis was used as a quantitative guide for furniture design fires. Similarly, compartment effects were incorporated into the design fires by analysing and comparing the experimental data from free burn and room burn tests of the same furniture item. The same statistical analysis was used to determine likely changes in the key fire characteristics mentioned above. A methodology for determining design fires for upholstered furniture was devised, however the small number of data sets available for analysis meant the quantitative results were only indicative. The third phase was to attempt to model furniture fires using FDS, which determined that at the time of this project, FDS was not capable of modelling simple furniture fires accurately. The simulation results varied significantly from the experimental results and a number of limitations were identified. Therefore FDS should not be used to create design fires using the heat of combustion method, which relies on the users’ definition of material properties.
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Kotsovinos, Panagiotis. "Analysis of the structural response of tall buildings under multifloor and travelling fires." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8007.

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The last decades have seen a surge in the construction of tall buildings all over the world. Due to their, often, innovative and complex layouts, tall buildings can pose unique challenges to architects and engineers. Previous tall building failures raised significant concerns on the applicability of prescriptive fire design for these structures. The use of structural fire engineering can enhance the safety of a tall building under fire by strengthening any vulnerable areas in the structure and at the same time reduce the costs of fire protection by removing it when unnecessary. Commercial finite element and specialist structural fire engineering software have their advantages and disadvantages. In this thesis, the object-oriented and open-source finite element software OpenSees is presented along with its development with structural fire capabilities by the author and other researchers at the University of Edinburgh. Specifically, new pattern, element, section and material classes have been introduced. All the developed code follows the object-oriented paradigm and is consistent with the ethos of the existing framework. Verification and validation studies of the developed code are also presented. Several procedures including that for dynamic analysis of structures in fire for the collapse assessment of structures are discussed. The development of OpenSees with structural fire capabilities allows the collaboration of engineers across geographical boundaries and disciplines using a community tool. In this work, the behaviour of tall buildings under different fire scenarios has been modelled using the developed OpenSees code. Firstly, the collapse mechanisms of generic tall buildings are investigated, namely the strong and weak floor mechanisms are demonstrated, and criteria are established on when each of these mechanisms occurs. The parametric study performed demonstrated that the weak floor collapse is less probable for generic composite buildings however this type of failure can become easier to appear as the number of floors in fire increase. The effect of vertically travelling fires on these mechanisms is also examined. The results of the study show that slower travelling rates delay or avoid the global failure of a tall building compared to quicker travelling rates allowing for the time required for steel members to regain their strength during cooling to ambient temperature. However, it was seen that higher tensile membrane forces were observed in the floors as the travelling rates increased which could result in possible connection failure. Most of the research and design codes, such as Eurocode, typically assume a uniform thermal environment across the floor area of a structure when defining the design fire. However, in reality fires are more likely to travel in large enclosures, hence there is a need to understand how tall buildings behave under more realistic fire conditions such as travelling fires. A methodology for defining the thermal environment of large enclosures using travelling fires has been recently developed at the University of Edinburgh. Taking into account OpenSees' programmable architecture and its recent inclusion with heat transfer capabilities by other researchers, there was a collaborative effort in order to understand the thermal and structural response of a generic composite tall building under horizontally travelling fires. The findings of the study showed that larger travelling fire sizes produce quicker heating to the steel beams while smaller fire sizes produce higher peak temperatures in the concrete slab. The structural analysis also demonstrated that travelling fires produced higher midspan deflections in comparison to Eurocode parametric fires and higher plastic deformations which is an indication of higher damage. Further work focused on looking at the behaviour of tall buildings under the combined scenario of horizontally and vertically travelling fires. The results of the study showed that the travelling fires produce lower maximum compressive and tensile membrane forces in the composite floor compared to the Eurocode parametric fires for the building examined and thus in a multi-floor scenario the columns are pulling-in less after large deflections develop in the floor. More specifically, the short-hot fire produced the most demanding response. This suggests that in long floors where uniform heating is really impossible, the time of failure predicted by parametric fires in a multi-floor scenario can be more onerous. The outcomes of this work can aid designers when considering the structural fire response of tall buildings in a performance based design context. It was demonstrated that multi-floor fires could be a threat for tall buildings, and thus this possibility should be considered in design. The use of more realistic fire definition for large enclosures, such as travelling fires, should also be considered. The travelling fire methodology can provide an enhanced level of confidence for the safety of a building since it can represent a range of similar fires to those that may occur in a real fire scenario.
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Cheung, Wing-yi Winnie, and 張詠兒. "A study of fire safety awareness in domestic buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44400573.

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Takagi, Jirō. "Collapse performance assessment of steel-framed buildings under fires /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Bai, Yang. "Investigation of the natural smoke exhaust of an atrium by the CFD method." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691690.

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Gong, Jian, and 龚剑. "Multiple solutions of smoke flow in building fires." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45143456.

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Fahy, Rita F. "Development of an evacuation model for high-rise buildings." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311516.

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Averill, Jason D. "Performance-Based Codes: Economics, Documentation, and Design." Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/809.

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The advent of performance-based codes in the United States underscores the need for a thorough, systematic approach to the documentation and accomplishment of a performance-based design. This project has three objectives: economic analysis of performance-based codes from a social view point, documentation of a performance-based design, and an example application of the ICC Performance-Based Code to high-rise office building. Economic issues explored include the externalities, insurance, and liabilities associated with performance-based codes. Documentation of a performance-based design includes delineation of the scope and goals with agreement between the designer, architect, building owner, and authority having jurisdiction, examination of the relevant code statutes, development of appropriate fire scenarios which meet the requirements of the performance matrices, thorough documentation of all design tool and calculation assumptions and limitations, and a clear demonstration of satisfactory accomplishment of stated goals and objectives. Finally, performance-based design alternatives to a prescriptively-designed 40 story office building were developed. There were three major design alternatives. The first design feature was the evacuation of occupants using elevators. The second alternative was the use of the assured fire safety system, which combined emerging technologies in fire detection, alarm, and suppression. The final design alternative was the routing of the domestic water supply through the sprinkler riser in order increase the reliability of the sprinkler system and save design, material, and installation costs associated with the domestic water supply risers. Finally, this project analyzed the specific life-cycle economic impact of the design alternatives when compared to the prescriptive design.
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Fletcher, Ian A. "Tall concrete buildings subject to vertically moving fires : a case study approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3199.

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Fire in buildings can have a severe impact in terms of both human safety and potential economic loss. This is especially true in the case of fires of such severity that the building structure is damaged. Concrete buildings are traditionally regarded as safe in a fire situation as concrete is non-flammable and exhibits highly insulating material properties. The majority of current research relating to the impact of fire on structures examines other forms of construction. Research of concrete in fire is generally limited to investigation and testing of individual members in order to understand the often complex interactions exhibited by concrete as a material at high temperatures. This research seeks to redress the balance by using a systematic approach to examine effects of fire on a holistic concrete structure in simplified but realistic temperature exposures. The research utilises evidence and structural information from the Windsor Tower in Madrid, which suffered a major fire in February 2005 with partial collapse in some areas of the structure. The fire spread throughout the building, travelling both upwards and downwards. Computer modelling was used extensively. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was used to explore likely fire temperature and duration in localised areas. Structural Finite Element Modelling (FEM) was used to develop a hierarchy of models, beginning with simple structural forms and progressing logically to more detailed structures. This produced a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the reaction of the structure to fire for comparison to the real, observable damage to the building and assessment of generic failure behaviours. The structural model produced was used with a number of variations in support condition, fire spread rate and extent, and fire protection. It was found that for a structure of this type, structural stiffness of the concrete floors was insufficient to compensate for the loss of strength in heated steel members where there was no alternative load redistribution path. It was also found that in the case where an alternative load path exists, but involves steel members which have previously heated during the multiple-floor spread of the fire, the rate of fire spread has a critical effect on the structural stability.
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Blackmore, Jane Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Towards the development of a comprehensive risk assessment methodology for building and transport fires." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Safety Science, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20555.

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Over the centuries, the assessment of risk has become an integral part of the decision process. Assessment techniques have developed to meet different applications, but all have problems and none is entirely suited to the assessment of risks relating to fire. This dissertation examines the development of risk assessment processes and frameworks, identifying common features and problems and key differences in approach. Despite generically similar approaches, different applications have led to the development of many different paradigms, none of which appears to be entirely suitable for application to building and infrastructure fires. Current fire risk assessment methods which incorporate important advances in fire modelling and Monte Carlo simulation, rely on a fire engineering approach. They tend to consider only the limited range of fire safety systems that are directly involved in construction, failing to address many of the procedural and other activities that can overwhelm traditional controls, and taking insufficient account of interactions between different controls and the factors that influence them. Further, comparative risk levels are generally evaluated against the ill-defined scenario of current practice, as defined in outdated prescriptive regulations. The result is that catastrophic consequences continue to occur, despite the presence of traditionally accepted controls. The problem is to find a framework that evaluates the sensitivity of levels of risk in fire against a defined, uncontrolled state, taking into account the effects of a comprehensive range of factors and controls. A new approach to risk assessment that addresses a comprehensive set of factors and controls and evaluates the event without, and with, controls, is considered. The framework, together with the steps for its implementation, appears to provide a versatile and flexible method of risk assessment. It is likely that the framework can be applied to all risk assessment situations. A study is undertaken to investigate the impact of factors and interactions that are not commonly taken into account in fire risk assessment. The chosen situation is a fire in the driver???s cab of a train. Current driver procedures are examined, and fire growth rates for specified materials are considered. Using the fire spread model CFAST, conditions in the cab for a range of ventilation conditions and fire growth rates are calculated. Threshold levels that determine response times for engineered and human controls and tenability, and common factors that influence consequences, can play a critical role in modelling the decision process. A driver???s decision model is proposed that determines the impact of the driver???s decisions to adjust ventilation by opening or closing windows and doors, and to extinguish the fire. The model takes into account time to respond and time to perform the necessary activities. The study shows that, even with a limited choice of actions, the decisions of the driver can have a critical effect on the outcome of a fire in the driver???s cab, altering the situation from a controlled to an uncontrolled state. Recommendations are made for further development of the new risk assessment framework, and for the development of fire modelling for risk assessment purposes. Finally, recommendations are made for the continuation of the development of the train driver response model that would result in the generation of driver decision support software.
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Books on the topic "Fires in buildings"

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Malhotra, H. L. Fire safety in buildings. London: CRC, 2001.

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Laimo, Michael. Fires Rising. New York: Dorchester Publishing Co., Inc., 2009.

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Ballast, David Kent. Fire protection in office buildings. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1987.

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Maryland. Governor's Task Force on Deaths from Fires in Buildings. Interim report of the Governor's Task Force on Deaths from Fires in Buildings. [Annapolis, Md.]: The Task Force, 1987.

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Firefighting operations in high-rise and standpipe-equipped buildings. Tulsa, OK: PennWell Books, 2007.

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Tillander, Kati. Utilisation of statistics to assess fire risks in buildings. Espoo [Finland]: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2004.

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Bromann, Mark. Fire protection for commercial facilities. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011.

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Klimushin, N. G. Protivopozharnai͡a︡ zashchita zdaniĭ povyshennoĭ ėtazhnosti. 3rd ed. Moskva: Stroĭizdat, 1989.

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Mukhin, S. I. Ėkspluatat͡s︡ii͡a︡ inzhenernogo oborudovanii͡a︡ sistem protivopozharnoĭ zashchity zdaniĭ povyshennoĭ ėtazhnosti. Moskva: Stroĭizdat, 1985.

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Ladwig, Thomas H. Industrial fire prevention andprotection. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fires in buildings"

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Venegas, Diego, Oswaldo Erazo, Óscar Farías, César Ayabaca, and Ana Medina. "Fires in World Heritage Buildings." In Artificial Intelligence, Computer and Software Engineering Advances, 433–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68080-0_32.

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Moser, Ivana Righetto, and João Carlos Souza. "Fires in Historic Buildings: Assessment of Evacuation of Persons by Computational Simulation." In Operations Management for Social Good, 863–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23816-2_85.

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Apiecionek, Łukasz, Hubert Zarzycki, Jacek M. Czerniak, Wojciech T. Dobrosielski, and Dawid Ewald. "The Cellular Automata Theory with Fuzzy Numbers in Simulation of Real Fires in Buildings." In Uncertainty and Imprecision in Decision Making and Decision Support: Cross-Fertilization, New Models and Applications, 169–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65545-1_16.

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England, Paul, and Boris Iskra. "Australian Building Code Change - Eight-Storey Timber Buildings." In Wood & Fire Safety, 219–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41235-7_33.

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Purasinghe, R., J. Chavez De Rosas, G. Mejia, M. Thomas, and X. Chen. "Fires and Building Safety." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 555–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7222-7_45.

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Li, Guoqiang, and Peijun Wang. "Fire in Buildings." In Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China, 11–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34393-3_2.

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Dungan, Kenneth W. "Buildings and Infrastructure." In SpringerBriefs in Fire, 19–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6511-3_4.

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Seeley, Ivor H., and Roger Winfield. "Fires, Flues, Vents and Stone Walling." In Building Quantities Explained, 104–16. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14653-6_6.

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Hassan, George. "Fire Safety and Firefighting." In Building Services, 357–430. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11952-3_8.

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Thomas, Philip H. "Heat Transfer in Building Fires." In Heat Transfer in Radiating and Combusting Systems, 525–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84637-3_33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fires in buildings"

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Mikkola, E. "Forest fire impacts on buildings." In FOREST FIRES 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva080241.

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Grants, Edvins. "A survey of statistics of building fires in Latvia." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.033.

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A survey of 8985 records on all fires in Latvia in 2019 gathered by State Fire and Rescue Service was performed to find out if gathered data is suitable and complete for establishment of statistical database for fire protection engineering. The purpose of the survey is to assess suitability of provided content for further studies of the characteristic building fire occurrence probabilities in different building occupancy classes and to obtain solid background for calculations of national values of fire activation partial safety factors which could be implemented in national annex of Eurocode 1 part 1–2. Study contains data about the total number of building fires with relevance to their occupancy types and review of recorded fire causes for residential buildings that provide overall insight on typical causes of fires in dwellings.
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Raibagkar, Anay, and Matthew Edel. "Impact of Thermal Hazards on Process Buildings Using CFD Techniques." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97640.

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The impact of thermal hazards on process buildings is an important component of site hazard evaluations. API RP-752 recommends that process facilities analyze thermal hazards and assess their impact to onsite buildings and their occupants. Thermal loads resulting from fires in process units and equipment can have a significant impact on buildings, especially if the building is close to the fire source. Some buildings may be designed for blast and toxic protection, which allows the buildings to be located near process units and equipment, but possibly exposed to thermal hazards from a potential fire. Screening-level thermal models typically used in process safety applications cannot account for detailed building geometries and how they may affect thermal impact from fire on building occupants. A more robust approach using the Fire Dynamics Simulator Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code has been used in this study to assess the impact of thermal hazards on a target building located downstream of a jet fire. Temperature and radiation increases inside the building due to the thermal loads at the building exterior surface were calculated. The results indicate that buildings can provide protection to occupants depending on exposure time and building/insulation design. The results clearly show that a detailed CFD model can be effectively used to assess the thermal impact of incident radiation on buildings and to assist designers with determining requirements for the building envelope to provide protection to building occupants.
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Melendez, Frank. "Computation and Clay: Evolving Fabrication and Performance Strategies for Ceramics in Architecture." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.15.15.

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Throughout civilization, fired clay has taken on various roles, ranging from utilitarian objects to decorative art. In architecture, fired clay, as a building material, demonstrates a wide range of uses. Typically used as a tiling system, ceramics have provided a means of waterproofing buildings, protecting structures from fires, and as an aesthetic device for decorating surfaces.
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Gernay, Thomas, and Negar E. Khorasani. "Demonstrating Performance-Based Fire Design of Composite Buildings." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0339.

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<p>Performance-Based Fire Engineering (PBFE) is gaining traction in the US, with the aim to provide safe, resilient and cost-effective design solutions for structural systems in our evolving communities. Steel-framed buildings with composite steel-concrete floors are widely used in practice and offer opportunities for achieving robust fire performance through PBFE. This paper demonstrates the design process, computational modeling approaches, and main assumptions for PBFE of steel-concrete composite buildings using a streamlined and systematic methodology. Performance expectations are explicitly spelled out at the outset of the process. A set of design fires are generated using zone models based on high percentiles of the fuel load. Then, the thermal-structural response is modeled using nonlinear finite element analyses. Design alternatives are evaluated against the predefined performance expectations. While the prescriptive code design does not survive until burnout, PBFE alternatives can survive the fire, adopting selected structural upgrades and an optimized allocation of the thermal insulation on the steel members. The activation of tensile membrane action in the fire-exposed composite floor is captured by the model. Single bay models are compared to full building models, showing the beneficial contribution of the system restraints provided steel mesh continuity is ensured over the girders. Thus, the single slab model provides conservative results at lesser computational cost. The full building model allows investigating robustness under extreme scenarios such as multi- compartment fires or multi-hazard scenarios with fire following a column loss. Adoption of this design process by structural fire engineers can lead to robust PBFE designs with explicit evaluation of the response under a range of extreme events, for a demonstrated performance level that is pre-agreed between the stakeholders.</p>
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Cleaver, R. P., M. R. Acton, and A. R. Halford. "Modeling the Effects of Pipeline Fires and the Response of People in Large Buildings." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10158.

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Failures of natural gas transmission pipelines have occasionally occurred around the world. Ignited releases from ruptured high-pressure transmission pipelines produce a highly transient thermal radiation field in the initial stages, as described in papers presented at IPC previously. In the context of risk assessment, modeling the effects of fires on buildings is as important as modeling the thermal radiation field. A simplistic approach may not be appropriate, particularly when there is a significant difference in thermal radiation levels between the nearest and the furthest points of the building from the fire. It is necessary to consider the timescales involved, such as the timescale for fire spread through the building, for the evacuation of people and for the external thermal radiation field to decline. All of these factors need a modeling approach that is commensurate with other uncertainties in the risk analysis. The purpose of this paper is to describe a general modeling approach to assess the effects of transient fire loading on such large buildings. Illustrative examples are given for a large two-storey building and an apartment block. The effects of parameter variations, such as changes in the rate of flow of people through a doorway and the rate of progress of people from one floor to the next, are demonstrated. The results help to establish a method for evaluating the risk to occupants of large buildings. This can be used to support informed decisions on pipeline safety issues and in prioritizing integrity management programs on a risk basis.
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Liu, Jing, Peng Wang, and Guangrui Song. "Numerical Study of Kitchen Fires in High-rise Residential Buildings." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055772.

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Radke, David, Omid Abari, Tim Brecht, and Kate Larson. "Can Future Wireless Networks Detect Fires?" In BuildSys '20: The 7th ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings, Cities, and Transportation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3408308.3427978.

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Satoh, Koyu, Naian Liu, Qiong Liu, and K. T. Yang. "Preliminary Study of Fire Spread in Cities and Forests, Using PMMA Specimen as a Fuel in CFD Simulations." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10037.

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It is important to examine the behavior of forest fires and city fires to mitigate the property damages and victims by fires. There have been many previous studies on forest fires where the fire spreading patterns were investigated, utilizing artificial satellite pictures of forest fires, together with the use of corresponding weather data and GIS data. On the other hand, large area city fires are very scarce in the world, particularly in modern cities where high-rise concrete buildings are constructed with sufficient open spaces. Thus, the examples of city fires to be referred are few and detailed investigations of city fires are limited. However, there have still been existing old cities where traditional houses built with flammable material such as wood, maybe historically important, only separated with very small open spacing. Fires may freely spread in those cities, once a big earthquake happens there and then water supply for the fire brigade is damaged in the worst case along with the effect of strong wind. There are some fundamental differences between the forest fires and city fires, as the fuel may distribute either continuously or discretely. For instance, in forest fires, the dead fallen leaves, dry grasses and trees are distributed continuously on the ground, while the wooden houses in cities are discretely distributed with some separation of open spacing, such as roads and gardens. Therefore, the wooden houses neighboring the burning houses with some separation are heated by radiation and flames to elevate the temperatures, thus causing the ignition, and finally reaching a large city fire. The authors have studied the forest fire spread and are planning to start a laboratory experiment of city fire spreading. In the preliminary investigation, a numerical study is made to correlate with the laboratory experiment of city fire propagation, utilizing the three-dimensional CFD simulations. Based on the detailed experimental analysis, the authors are attempting to modify the three dimensional CFD code to predict the forest fires and city fires more precisely, taking into account the thermal heating and ignition processes. In this study, some fundamental information on the city fire propagation has been obtained, particularly to know the safe open spacing distances between the houses in the cities and also the wind speed.
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Fischer, Erica C., and Amit H. Varma. "Advanced Analysis of Steel-Frame Buildings for Full Story Fires." In Structures Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480410.043.

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Reports on the topic "Fires in buildings"

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Mitler, Henri E. Painted stairwell fires in high-rise buildings. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6293.

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Adams, Sunny E., Megan W. Tooker, and Adam D. Smith. Fort McCoy, Wisconsin WWII buildings and landscapes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38679.

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The U.S. Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) mostly through the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. This report provides a World War II development history and analysis of 786 buildings, and determinations of eligibility for those buildings, on Fort McCoy, Wisconsin. Evaluation of the WWII buildings and landscape concluded that there are too few buildings with integrity to form a cohesive historic district. While the circulation patterns and roads are still intact, the buildings with integrity are scattered throughout the cantonment affecting the historic character of the landscape. Only Building 100 (post headquarters), Building 656 (dental clinic), and Building 550 (fire station) are ELIGIBLE for listing on the NRHP at the national level under Criterion A for their association with World War II temporary building construction (1942-1946) and under Criterion C for their design, construction, and technological innovation.
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Fuelberth, August S., Adam D. Smith, and Sunny E. Adams. Fort McCoy, Wisconsin Building 550 maintenance plan. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38659.

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Building 550 (former World War II fire station) is located on Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, and was recommended eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2018 (Smith and Adams 2018). The building is currently vacant. It is an intact example of an 800 Series World War II fire station with character-defining features of its period of significance from 1939 to 1946 on its exterior and interior. All buildings, especially historic ones, require regular planned maintenance and repair. The most notable cause of historic building element failure and/or decay is not the fact that the historic building is old, but rather it is caused by incorrect or inappropriate repair and/or basic neglect of the historic building fabric. This document is a maintenance manual compiled with as-is conditions of construction materials of Building 550. The Secretary of Interior Guidelines on rehabilitation and repair per material are discussed to provide the cultural resources manager at Fort McCoy a guide to maintain this historic building. This report satisfies Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 as amended and will help the Fort McCoy Cultural Resources Management office to manage this historic building.
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Kuligowski, Erica D. Modeling human behavior during building fires. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1619.

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Klote, John H. Considerations of stack effect in building fires. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4035.

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Korslund, S. M. 313 building fire alarm system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/328165.

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Fowell, Andrew J., and Andrew J. Fowell. Building & Fire Research Laboratory :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.838-11.

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Fowell, Andrew J., and Andrew J. Fowell. Building & Fire Research Laboratory :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.838-14.

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Fowell, Andrew J., and Andrew J. Fowell. Building & Fire Research Laboratory :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.838-16.

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Beall, Kellie A., and James E. Hill. Building & fire research laboratory :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.838-18.

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