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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Firm-specific risk

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Academic literature on the topic 'Firm-specific risk'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Firm-specific risk"

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Clements, A. E., and Y. Liao. "Firm-specific information and systemic risk." Economic Modelling 90 (August 2020): 480–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.11.031.

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Wang, Heli, Jay B. Barney, and Jeffrey J. Reuer. "Stimulating Firm-specific Investment through Risk Management." Long Range Planning 36, no. 1 (2003): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-6301(02)00203-0.

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Beaulieu, Marie-Claude, and Habiba Mrissa Bouden. "Firm-specific risk and IPO market cycles." Applied Economics 47, no. 50 (2015): 5354–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1047091.

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Jancenelle, Vivien E., Susan F. Storrud-Barnes, Anthony L. Iaquinto, and Dominic Buccieri. "Firm-specific risk, managerial certainty and optimism." Journal of Strategy and Management 9, no. 3 (2016): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-11-2015-0093.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on investor reactions to unanticipated changes in income, and whether those reactions can be mitigated by managerial discussion. The authors investigate how top-management team certainty and optimism during post-earnings announcement conference calls can serve as corrective actions and add back firm value in times of unexpected changes in firm-specific risk. Design/methodology/approach – The research question is tested empirically in the context of large, publicly traded, US firms’ quarterly earnings announcements, and their subsequent post-earni

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BROWN, G., and N. KAPADIA. "Firm-specific risk and equity market development☆." Journal of Financial Economics 84, no. 2 (2007): 358–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.03.003.

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Kania, John J. "Dear Editor: Specific Firm Risk Does Have A Place In A Firm Valuation." Business Valuation Review 23, no. 2 (2004): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5791/0882-2875-23.2.94.b.

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Fheili, Mohammad. "Employee turnover: an HR risk with firm-specific context." Journal of Operational Risk 2, no. 3 (2007): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21314/jop.2007.032.

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Doran, James, and Andy Fodor. "Firm specific option risk and implications for asset pricing." Journal of Risk 12, no. 1 (2008): 17–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21314/jor.2009.201.

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Du, Ruixue, Shuo Li, Ling Tuo, and Yu (Tony) Zhang. "Earnings Comparability and Firm-Specific Stock Price Crash Risk." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, no. 3 (2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i3.13659.

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This study examines the association between earnings comparability and firm-specific stock price crash risk. Using a large sample of 33,696 firm-year observations from the U.S. public firms, we find a positive association between comparability and future stock price crash risk. This finding is consistent with the notion that corporate managers do not have much incentive to release firm-specific information (especially bad news), as long as their firms’ financial statements are comparable to those of the industry peers. We further show that the positive association between earnings comparabilit

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Blake, Daniel, and Caterina Moschieri. "Policy Risk and Divestitures: Firm-Specific and Macro Considerations." Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 12117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.12117abstract.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Firm-specific risk"

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Algahtani, Saeed Nassir. "State Ownership, Firm Specific Risk and Momentum Trading." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2579.

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The dissertation consists of two essays. In the first essay, we investigate the relation of government ownership to the idiosyncratic volatility of Saudi Arabian firms that traded in the Saudi stock exchange between 2010 and 2016. The results show that publicly traded firms with an increase in government ownership have less idiosyncratic volatility. Furthermore, we investigate market leverage ratio, dividend payout ratio, and illiquidity ratio as potential roles in which government ownership influences the idiosyncratic volatility. The results prove the negative relationship between government

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Balkanli, Aysegul. "Liquidity Risk Situation Of Turkish Insurance Industry And Firm Specific Factors Affecting Liquidity." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611774/index.pdf.

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Recent changes in the insurance regulations and laws in Turkey lead insurance industry to gain further importance and turn the insurance industry one of the rising sectors in financial markets. However, while these favorable events for the insurance industry takes place in Turkish markets, on the global markets the economic crisis initiated with the collapse of US sub-prime mortgage markets deepened and the credit crunch arose in the aftermath. In the times of credit stress having good liquidity base is important for the firms. In recent economic crisis, liquidity related troubles resulted in

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Garach, Jatin Bijay. "The Firm-Specific Determinants of Capital Structure in Public Sector and Private Sector Banks in India." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31673.

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The banking industry in India has undergone many phases in its history; evolving from a regulated, decentralised system in the early 1800’s, to a regulated, centralised system during British rule, to a nationalised system following India’s independence, and finally a combination of a nationalised and private system adopting global standards as it currently stands. This study has two main aims. Firstly, it will assess the relationship between the firm-specific determinants of capital structure, based on the prevailing literature, and the capital structure of public and private sector banks in I

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Meisner, Jesper, and Lövqvist Oscar Revhult. "Kapitalbudgetering under risk : En studie av svenska SME-företag." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-16889.

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The purpose of this study is to explain how investment-specific and firm-specific risk affects small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) choice of capital budgeting technique for strategic investments.Furthermore, this study also aims to identify which of these risks affects the choice of capital budgeting technique to the greatest extent. This study assumes a positivistic perspective and adopts a deductive reasoning. The theoretical framework consists of the expected utility theory, the stakeholder theory and existing research of risk and capital budgeting. The research method has been quan

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Andersson, Dag, and Marcus Nilsson. "BRACE-modellen : Ett företagsspecifikt avkastningskrav för mindre onoteradebolag." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102444.

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Bakgrund: Om tio till tolv år väntas 40 % av Sveriges 500 000 familje- och ägarledda bolag att säljas enligt en uppskattning gjord av PwC år 2012. Många små och medelstora onoterade bolag kommer därför inom den närmaste tiden att behöva värderas inför försäljning. De modeller som används vid företagsvärderingar är i dagsläget inte anpassade för mindre onoterade bolag och dess företagsspecifika risker varför författarna valde att utföra studien. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att ta fram en praktiskt användbar modell för att skatta ett mindre onoterat bolags avkastningskrav. Modellen ska ta häns

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Liu, Chao-Jhih, and 劉超智. "Does Firm-Specific Risk Motive the Asset Substitution Problem?" Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43026406027329009896.

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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>計量財務金融學系<br>102<br>This study investigates the motivation of asset substitution problem. I find the firm-specific risk is significantly positive related with the firm's overinvestment level. My finding confirms that the asset substitution problem is motive from the firm-specific risk, because the call value that can be viewed as the value of firm's equity position is increasing when the risk of the underlying asset increases. Moreover, I use option implied bankruptcy probability to measure bankruptcy risk and find the asset substitution problem will be enhanced by high firm-spe

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TSAI, YI-CHING, and 蔡宜靜. "The Effect of Earnings Quality on Implied Firm-specific Risk." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gk258s.

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碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>財務與計算數學系<br>106<br>This thesis is to examine the effect of earnings quality on implied firm-specific risk. The measure of earnings quality is based on changes in cash flows from operating activities and discretionary accruals. Implied firm-specific risk is derived from the company’s option prices. This article has four findings. First, the earnings quality is significantly negatively related to the implied firm-specific risk, i.e. companies with poor earnings quality suffer greater implied firm-specific risk. Second, this paper proposes a model between earnings quality and implie

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Hsu, Ping-Wen, and 許秉文. "An Empirical Study of the Association between Firm-Specific Risk and Auditor Reputation." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23772058628751139004.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>會計學系<br>87<br>When a firm makes IPOs, the entrepreneur has private information about the firm''s value that is unknown to investors. Such information asymmetry between entrepreneurs and investors leads to adverse selection problems, and the entrepreneurs with favorable information will have the incentive to communicate that information through signaling. One of the available signals is the choice of the auditor. Previous applications of Datar, Feltham & Hughes'' the demand-side conclusion to ROC generally support that the entrepreneur is more likely to choose high-q

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Lu, Fang-yu, and 呂芳育. "The Study of Investor Overconfidence in Taiwan － the View of Firm Specific Risk and Information Source." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u2d45m.

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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>財務管理學系研究所<br>96<br>In the past, most researchers found investors tend to be overconfident when making investment decisions. This paper, under the assumption that investors have the disposition of overconfidence, tries to examine whether investors will display different degrees of overconfidence when facing different situations. Results have been found investors will have more confidence in processing the information the market has revealed to make investments when facing companies with high firm-specific risks. Therefore, firm-specific risks will influence overconfident investo

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Ho, Ching-Ya, and 賀靖雅. "The association between the supplier’s corporate tax avoidance and customer’s firm-specific stock price crash risk." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06587963788660821966.

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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>財務金融學系<br>104<br>Using the sample of U.S. firms which have customer-supplier relationships, covering 1995-2013, this paper empirically investigates the impacts of supplier’s corporate tax avoidance on customer’s firm-specific stock price crash risk. In recent studies, researchers indicated that a close customer-supplier relationship is conducive to delivering corporate tax strategies. The aggressive and complex form of tax avoidance strategies are crucial to the ways that managers withhold bad news or divert corporate resources which eventually lead to the stock price crashes.

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Books on the topic "Firm-specific risk"

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Ramzan, Mohammad. An analysis of the impact of 'pure' capital structure change decision as firm-specific event on stock's systematic risk. University College Dublin, 1995.

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Till, Hilary. Commodity Trading Strategies, Common Mistakes, and Catastrophic Blowups. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0020.

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Becoming an expert in the commodity markets has traditionally required a novice to seek an apprenticeship at an established commodity firm. This chapter provides an alternative approach: a reader is provided a reasonably comprehensive tour of the always dynamic and frequently opaque commodity markets, including views on (1) commodity trading strategies, (2) common mistakes, and (3) catastrophic blowups. The specific commodity trading strategies covered are trend-following and calendar spreads. The common mistakes that the chapter includes are (1) targeting returns rather than risk metrics, (2)

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et, Mokal. The MSME Insolvency Status Quo. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799931.003.0002.

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This chapter examines specific challenges faced by MSMEs. These challenges arise from factors such as size, lack of available collateral, undiversified nature, and lack of suitable external governance mechanisms, all of which contribute to a high MSME failure rate. As such, it is crucial for insolvency regimes to be responsive to MSMEs’ particular requirements. The chapter then discusses the need for cost-effective insolvency regimes tailored to these requirements, and the problems inherent in the development of such regimes. Cost-effective insolvency proceedings can encourage non-viable distr

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Roberts, Ian S. D., Philip Mason, and Agnes B. Fogo. The renal biopsy. Edited by Christopher G. Winearls. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0018.

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This chapter describes the indications for renal biopsy, the procedure, processing of the specimen and the diagnostic method applied by the nephropathologist, and illustrates the spectrum of pathologies seen. The terminology used in renal pathology is explained and illustrated. Diagnostic algorithms are presented. More detailed descriptions of the various pathologies, and in particular the rarer entities, are provided in specific chapters. The focus will be on native renal diseases. The renal biopsy is an invasive procedure associated with a risk of serious complications. The decision to perfo

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Herzog, Lisa. Organizations: Hierarchies of Divided Labour. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830405.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the features of organizations that will be analysed, from a normative perspective, in this book. Drawing on the ‘theory of the firm’, it argues that the rationale of organizations is the coordination of divided labour through hierarchies. This organizational form can be found in numerous, otherwise very different, organizations in the public and private realms. It creates the potential for specific forms of moral wrongs: in addition to moral wrongs of which organizations are the site, there are also moral wrongs of which organizations are the source. As is explained in t

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Book chapters on the topic "Firm-specific risk"

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Lu, Hsin-Min, Nina WanHsin Huang, Zhu Zhang, and Tsai-Jyh Chen. "Identifying Firm-Specific Risk Statements in News Articles." In Intelligence and Security Informatics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01393-5_6.

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Nietert, B. "Fair Stock Risk Premiums under Firm-specific Price Jumps." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55991-4_38.

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Gong, Xue, and Songsak Sriboonchitta. "Optimal Portfolio Selection Using Maximum Entropy Estimation Accounting for the Firm Specific Characteristics." In Econometrics of Risk. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13449-9_21.

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Khoury, Pascal, and Denise Gorse. "Identification of Factors Characterising Volatility and Firm-Specific Risk Using Ensemble Classifiers." In Neural Information Processing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34478-7_55.

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Palea, Vera, Christian Rainero, and Alessandro Migliavacca. "Fair Value Measurement Under Level 2 Inputs: Do Market and Transaction Multiples Catch Firm-Specific Risk Factors?" In The Future of Risk Management, Volume II. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16526-0_3.

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Van Hai, Hoang, Phan Kim Tuan, and Le The Phiet. "Firm-specific News and Anomalies." In Investment, Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Strategies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94286.

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This study investigates the relation between idiosyncratic volatility and future returns around the firm-specific news announcements in the Korean stock market from July 1995 to June 2018. The excess returns of decile portfolios that are formed by sorting the stocks based on news and non-news idiosyncratic volatility measures. The Fama and French three-factor model is also examined to see whether systematic risk affects news and non-news idiosyncratic volatility profits. The pricing of our news and non-news idiosyncratic volatility are confirmed in the cross-sectional regression using the Fama and MacBeth method. Market beta, size, book to market, momentum, liquidity, and maximum return are controlled to determine robustness. Our empirical evidence suggests that the pricing of the non-news idiosyncratic volatility is more strongly negative compared to the news idiosyncratic volatility, which is contrary to the limited arbitrage explanation for the negative price of the idiosyncratic volatility. We find that the non-news idiosyncratic volatility has a robust negative relation to returns in non-January months. Macro-finance factors drive the conditioned on the missing risk factor hypothesis, the pricing of idiosyncratic volatility. This study contributes to a better understanding of the role of the conditional idiosyncratic volatility in asset pricing. As the Korean stocks provide a fresh sample, our non-U.S. investigation delivers a useful out-of-sample test on the pervasiveness of the non-news volatility effect across the emerging markets.

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Uğurlu, Mine. "Corporate R&D Investments and Risk." In Ethics and Sustainability in Global Supply Chain Management. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2036-8.ch012.

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Corporate R&D Investments,that constitute basis for sustainable development, are influenced by external and firm-specific risks.Evidence shows that firms in Turkey have increased R&D spending during subprime crisis despite its procyclicality in most of the emerging countries.This chapter investigates if business group affiliation or corporate diversification that is predominant in Turkey stimulate R&D investments under risk.It focuses on internal capital markets of business groups or conglomerates that may enhance R&D spending by reducing financial constraints, and likelihood of distress of the affiliated firms.The results reveal that group affiliation and diversification positively affect corporate R&D spending when firm-specific risks rise.These results are significant during the global crisis period.Group-affiliated corporations increase their R&D investments as idiosyncratic risks rise.The diversified conglomerates increase R&D investments when earnings volatility and equity erosion rise.Results indicate that large firms are more inclined to reduce R&D investments under risk.

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Gupta, Sumeet, Fanwen Meng, Mark Goh, and Robert De Souza. "Understanding Supply Chain Risk Management." In Cases on Supply Chain and Distribution Management. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0065-2.ch016.

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Increasing globalization of the supply chains is making them increasingly vulnerable to various supply chain risks. Effective management of these risks is essential to prevent minor as well as major risks that may occur in day-to-day operations of the firm. In this chapter, an attempt is made to bring out a schema for analyzing supply chain risks faced by the firm and develop a risk management action framework that would serve as a guide for practitioners to identify the level at which they are operating and the strategies they need to employ to combat or prevent supply chain risks. The data is collected by means of an online as well as an event survey from logistics managers of various supply chain firms. Indeed Singaporean firms need to properly document these supply chain risks. Moreover, there are gaps in specific areas where Singaporean firms can improve themselves and thus become globally effective corporations.

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Günaydin, A. Doruk. "Predicting Equity Returns in Developed Markets." In Recent Applications of Financial Risk Modelling and Portfolio Management. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5083-0.ch004.

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This chapter examines the relation between various firm-specific variables and the cross-section of equity returns in 26 developed countries. Univariate portfolio analyses using equal-weighted returns show that low beta, book-to-market equity, and momentum analysis are also priced in the cross-section of developed market returns, whereas short-term reversal and downside beta manifest themselves in the opposite direction. Univariate portfolio analysis based on value-weighted returns reveal that the predictive power of book-to-market equity and short-term reversal is driven by small stocks. Multivariate firm-level cross-sectional regression analysis document that momentum, short-term reversal, illiquidity, idiosyncratic volatility, hybrid tail risk, lower partial moment are related to expected stock returns. Overall, the most robust cross-sectional predictor in developed market is found to be return momentum.

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Hatak, Isabella, and Dietmar Roessl. "Knowledge Transfer Strategies within Family Firm Succession." In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5962-9.ch013.

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A firm's knowledge is considered a key strategic asset in the course of generating competitive advantages. However, especially within family firm succession, there is a high risk that knowledge embedded if the predecessor leaves the organization. Thus, in order to maintain the family firm's competitive advantage an understanding of the challenges regarding the knowledge transfer within family firm succession is needed. In this chapter, the authors employ a qualitative empirical approach to identify context-based knowledge transfer strategies and develop a typology of transfer constellations. The results provide insight for students, researchers, consultants, policy makers and family firm leaders, who are searching for the most appropriate knowledge transfer strategy given the nature, philosophies and traditions of specific small and medium sized family firms.

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Conference papers on the topic "Firm-specific risk"

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Yim, Rachel L., Jason M. Castaneda, Toni L. Doolen, Irem Y. Tumer, and Richard J. Malak. "A Study of Engineering Design Project Complexity and Risk Indicators." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13435.

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Engineering design projects can be characterized by three dimensions: duration, budget, and scope. As projects grow in any of these three dimensions, there will be increased opportunity for uncertainty, and subsequently, increased risk. This study explored the relationship between the number of project activities and the presence of risk indicators. A risk indicator is a particular state of affairs that has potential predictive power about the likelihood of a risk occurring during the course of a project. This study was completed by examining eleven projects that were conducted within one divi

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Hamblin-Smoske, Pamela. "Maintaining High Energy Piping Integrity With Unit Specific Strategic Planning." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32208.

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High-energy piping systems are essential to the safe and cost-effective operation of power plants. The propensity for piping failures increases with the age of the systems involved. Prolonged operation, particularly at elevated temperatures, may result in metallurgical degradation which in-turn increases the potential for cracking and crack propagation until a final failure stage is reached by the component. As a result, power plant operators have become increasingly cognizant of the importance of condition assessment evaluations for high-energy piping systems. Power plant operators are faced

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Papakonstantinou, Nikolaos, Joonas Linnosmaa, Jarmo Alanen, and Bryan O'Halloran. "Automatic Fault Tree Generation From Multidisciplinary Dependency Models for Early Failure Propagation Assessment." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85189.

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Safety engineering for complex systems is a very challenging task and the industry has a firm basis and trust on a set of established methods like the Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). New methodologies for system engineering are being proposed by academia, some related to safety, but they have a limited chance for successful adoption by the safety industry unless they provide a clear connection and benefit in relation to the traditional methodologies. Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) has produced multiple safety related applications. In past work system models were used to generate ev

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Allan, Paul, and Richard Brogan. "Energy Transition: Optimizing Existing E&P Value and Clean Energy Potential." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206175-ms.

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Abstract Reduction of CO2 emissions has become a key component of many E&P company strategies, reflecting the accelerating demands of interest groups, activist investors, and country specific legislation for specific targets and measures of carbon footprint reduction. Underlying this requirement for change are the existing investments and cash flows resulting from the core ‘conventional’ business opportunities, that while potentially carbon heavy generate the cashflows needed to sustain and grow the business. Our work with several major energy firms has shown that assumptions and decisions

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Eze, Reginald C. "Monte Carlo Simulation of the Laser-Induced Temperature Dynamics in Very Thin Scattering and Absorbing Biological Layer Piles." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86545.

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Radiative-thermal models of light transport in tissue are presented that stimulates the thermal effects of pulsed laser radiation on very thin scattering and absorbing biological layers. Thermal therapies require a firm understanding of temperature-depth relationship for tissue modification or destruction, especially through very thin layers that are characterized by contrasting opto-thermal properties. Temperature distribution in biological layers of thicknesses in the order of their mean free path or less are evaluated before the onset of thermal diffusion for both the traditional model of M

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Paiva, Isabel, Romão B. Trindade, Mário A. Gonçalves, and António Mateus. "Development of a Specific Methodology to Assess Suitable Sites to Receive a Repository for L/ILW Waste in the Portuguese Territory." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96144.

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Portugal does not have nuclear power plants but records an increasing production of radioactive waste from medical, industrial and research applications of radioactive materials in the form of sealed and unsealed sources; the country totals include also the spent fuel of one nuclear reactor for research purposes. Since radioactive waste management policies and practices in Portugal will have to comply with the Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom and the IAEA Joint Convention, the search for scientific and technological solutions to deal with radioactive wastes produced in the country started som

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Lemm, Thomas C. "DuPont: Safety Management in a Re-Engineered Corporate Culture." In ASME 1996 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1996-4202.

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Attention to safety and health are of ever-increasing priority to industrial organizations. Good Safety is demanded by stockholders, employees, and the community while increasing injury costs provide additional motivation for safety and health excellence. Safety has always been a strong corporate value of DuPont and a vital part of its culture. As a result, DuPont has become a benchmark in safety and health performance. Since 1990, DuPont has re-engineered itself to meet global competition and address future vision. In the new re-engineered organizational structures, DuPont has also had to re-

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