Relevant bibliographies by topics / FIRP

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'FIRP'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "FIRP"

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Gholipour, Hassan Fereidouni. "DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIAN STATES." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 17, no. 3 (September 23, 2013): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2013.822436.

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The last decade has witnessed a strong growth in foreign investments in residential properties (FIRP) in Malaysia. However, FIRP is not equally distributed among Malaysian states. Hence, this warrants an investigation into why some states have larger FIRP than others. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pattern and determinants of FIRP in Malaysian states. FIRP in Malaysia has been agglomerated in the major and industrialized states (such as Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Pulau Pinang and Johor). Using a panel of 14 Malaysian states over a period of 7 years (2004–2010) and applying the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach, the statistical results show that tourism agglomeration (learning about the host location), well-being of the local people, foreign investments in other sectors, religious diversity and minimum property purchase price are important determinants of FIRP.
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Silva-Laya, Silvia Josefina, Simón Pérez-Martínez, and Javier Álvarez-Del-Castillo. "Evaluación de sostenibilidad agroecológica de dos experiencias de producción con énfasis en hortalizas, Venezuela." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 632–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i3.7881.

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Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la sostenibilidad de dos sistemas de producción agroecológica de hortalizas y plantas medicinales, en una zona periurbana (NUDES-La Limonera) y agrícola (FIRP) de Venezuela. Se realizaron observaciones descriptivas durante once meses entre 2014-2015. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico; y se cuantificaron dieciséis indicadores de sostenibilidad en las dimensiones ecológica (IE), económica (IK) y sociocultural (ISc) mediante metodologías publicadas anteriormente. Se encontró que El NUDES-La Limonera forma parte de un proyecto político del Ejecutivo Nacional y sus indicadores de sostenibilidad alcanzaron niveles menos favorables, especialmente algunos IE (conservación de la vida en el suelo y dependencia de insumos externos) y IK (autosuficiencia alimentaria, papel del trabajo familiar, riesgo económico y diversidad de productos para la venta). Los ISc muestran mayor fortaleza, particularmente en la densidad de relaciones con otros colectivos, sin embargo, la satisfacción de necesidades básicas como la vivienda no fue satisfactorio ya que la tierra no es propia (solo la guardia y custodia). La FIRP forma parte de una iniciativa de productores organizados para la diversificación agrícola de los Andes venezolanos. Presentó los valores más favorables a la sostenibilidad en las tres dimensiones. Vale destacar que IK, la productividad y rentabilidad resultaron óptimos en los tres últimos años analizados y en ISc, la tierra es propia. Los resultados permitieron entender la importancia de las sinergias que se generan con las interacciones en los sistemas productivos como estrategia de sostenibilidad.
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Freund, M. M., T. Hirao, T. Matsumoto, S. Sato, T. Watabe, G. K. Brubaker, L. Duband, et al. "A Far Infrared Photometer (FIRP) for the Infrared Telescope in Space (IRTS)." Advances in Space Research 13, no. 12 (December 1993): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(93)90158-8.

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Hanberry, Brice B., Donald C. Justice, and David C. Powell. "Discovering Douglas-Fir Woodlands in the Historical Forests of Umatilla National Forest, Eastern Oregon and Washington." Forests 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101122.

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We discovered unique Douglas-fir open woodlands in the Umatilla National Forest using historical surveys. Historical ponderosa pine forests of the western United States are transitioning to denser forests comprised of a greater proportion of fire-sensitive species, including true firs. We used historical (1879 to 1887) surveys to quantify the composition and structure of the Umatilla National Forest in eastern Oregon and Washington and provided contemporary forest information for comparison. We also modeled fir and pine distributions using environmental predictors and the random forests and extreme gradient boosting classifiers. Historically, ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir comprised about 80% of all trees, with western larch relatively abundant at 10% of all trees. Currently, ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir are about 40% of all trees, while grand fir and lodgepole pine increased from rare species to about 40% of all trees. Historical density was about 165 trees/ha (trees > 12.7 cm in diameter). The wetter north unit of steep slopes and predominantly Douglas-fir was about 120 trees/ha, or open woodlands, whereas the drier, flatter south units of predominantly ponderosa pine were about 210 trees/ha, and densities of 160 and 190 trees/ha occurred on flat and gentle slopes, respectively, with predominantly ponderosa pine. Currently, Umatilla National Forest averages about 390 trees/ha; the north unit of grand fir and Douglas-fir tripled in density to 365 trees/ha, whereas the south units of ponderosa and lodgepole pines doubled in density to 410 trees/ha. Douglas-fir woodlands are an unusual combination of a relatively fire-sensitive tree species with an open structure, which may result from surface fires that remove tree regeneration, resulting in one layer of trees over an understory of herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. We interpreted that a spatially and temporally variable fire return interval favored Douglas-fir, but fires were frequent enough to allow herbaceous vegetation and shrubs to out-compete trees, maintaining the balance between trees and other vegetation in woodlands. Fire exclusion has resulted in forest-type transition and also an information deficit about circumstances under which relatively fire-sensitive Douglas-fir instead of fire-tolerant ponderosa pine would establish at low densities over large extents.
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Filip, Gregory M., Helen Maffei, and Kristen L. Chadwick. "Forest Health Decline in a Central Oregon Mixed-Conifer Forest Revisited After Wildfire: A 25-Year Case Study." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.4.278.

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Abstract A 500-ac mixed-conifer forest near Cache Mountain in central Oregon was examined in 1979, 1992, 2002, 2004, and 2005 to document causes of forest health decline and subsequent wildfire damage. The site is dominated by grand fir (Abies grandis) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), with some lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Part of the area was clearcut or shelterwood harvested from 1983 to 1985. Between 1979 and 1992, grand fir increased substantially, whereas ponderosa pine decreased in stems and basal area/ac in the unharvested areas. From 1979 to 2002, grand fir experienced severe mortality that was caused primarily by the root pathogen, Armillaria ostoyae, and the fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis). In 2003, a wildfire burned all of the study area, and by 2004, most of the grand fir, subalpine fir, and lodgepole pine was killed. The least amount of mortality from fire occurred in the larger-diameter ponderosa pine. Two years after the 2003 fire, some of the grand firs with bole or crown scorch that were alive in 2004 were killed by fir engravers by 2005. For ponderosa pines, only a few trees with bole or crown scorch that were alive in 2004 were killed by bark beetles, mostly mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens), by 2005. This case study has relevance to current interpretations of forest health in similar mixed-conifer forests, the major causes of forest health decline, and the role of fire in forest health.
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Lowell, Eini C., and James M. Cahill. "Deterioration of Fire-Killed Timber in Southern Oregon and Northern California." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 11, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/11.4.125.

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Abstract Deterioration of fire-killed timber in the coastal mountains of southern Oregon and northern California was monitored over a 3 yr period (1988-1990). Defect was identified and measured on felled and bucked sample trees by using Scribner and cubic scaling rules. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), grand fir (Abies grandis), white fir (A. concolor),ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), covering a wide range of geographic areas, site conditions, and tree size and age, were studied. One year after death, Douglas-fir, sugar pine, and ponderosa pine had lost about 1% and the true firs 5% of their cubic volume. The sapwood of the pines was heavily stained. The occurrence of sap rot and weather checks increased the second year. Percent loss in all species was correlated with small-end scaling diameter. A logistic regression model predicting the incidence of cull was developed for use on logs that have been dead for 3 yr. West. J. Appl. For. 11(4):125-131.
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Poage, Nathan J., Peter J. Weisberg, Peter C. Impara, John C. Tappeiner, and Thomas S. Sensenig. "Influences of climate, fire, and topography on contemporary age structure patterns of Douglas-fir at 205 old forest sites in western Oregon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 8 (August 2009): 1518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-071.

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Knowledge of forest development is basic to understanding the ecology, dynamics, and management of forest ecosystems. We hypothesized that the age structure patterns of Douglas-fir at 205 old forest sites in western Oregon are extremely variable with long and (or) multiple establishment periods common, and that these patterns reflect variation in regional-scale climate, landscape-scale topography, and landscape-scale fire history. We used establishment dates for 5892 individual Douglas-firs from these sites to test these hypotheses. We identified four groups of old forest sites with fundamentally different Douglas-fir age structure patterns. Long and (or) multiple establishment periods were common to all groups. One group described old forests characterized by substantial establishment from the early 1500s to the mid-1600s, with decreasing establishment thereafter. Another group was characterized by peaks of establishment in the middle to late 1600s and in the late 1800s and early 1900s. A third group was characterized by a small peak of establishment in the mid-1500s and a larger peak in the middle to late 1800s. Characteristic of the fourth group was the extended period of Douglas-fir establishment from the late 1600s to the late 1800s. Group membership was explained moderately well by contemporary, regional climatic variables and landscape-scale fire history, but only weakly by landscape-scale topography.
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Cimaglia, Riccardo. "Relative indirette libere e causali indirette libere nella narrativa italiana ottocentesca." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 48, no. 2 (December 5, 2013): 221–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.48.2.02cim.

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In this paper I will analyze two subordinate clauses which can be frequently found within free indirect reported speech (FIRS, in the paper DIL): relative and causal clauses. After a short illustration of FIRS I will examine the two clauses with an analysis of the passages in FIRS from Italian narrative literature of the XIX century (especially Manzoni and Verga). A relative or a causal clause can recur within a FIRS passage, can open it or can constitute on its own a FIRS passage becoming, respectively, free indirect relative clause (FIRC, in the paper RIL) and free indirect causal clause (FICC, in the paper CIL). FIRC and FICC share two peculiarities: a) They have a rhematic function; b) They are cases of “hypotactizated parataxis” (FIRC and FICC, as subordinate clauses, connect a FIRS passage to the diegesis without the break of the normal FIRS, paratactically juxtaposed to the narratum). For this last peculiarity FIRC and FICC represented two important stylistic means for the novelists of the Realism to attain the impersonality of the author in the novel through a close fusion between the voice of the author and the voice of the characters.
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Bélanger, Louis, Daniel Allard, and Philippe Meek. "Dynamique d'établissement d'un peuplement bi-étagé de bouleau blanc et de sapin baumier en zone boréale." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69173-2.

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The age structure of a boreal two-storied stand formed by an upperstory of white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) with an understory of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) was analysed. The establishment of this 50-year stand followed a burn that ran through a cut-over area. The objective was to verify if the establishment of the fir understory followed the traditional succession model or the initial floristic composition model. The age structure analysis indicated an immediate and rapid establishment of white birch during a period of 6 years after the fire. Establishment of fir, however, was initiated only 16 years after the fire. Peak establishment was 33 years after the fire. Fir regeneration followed a cycle. The regeneration pattern was characterized by the absence of fir establishment the first 16 years after the fire, followed by sporadic fir regeneration the next 12 years, then by a 13-year period of abundant regeneration after which there was a complete halt to fir regeneration. So, in this case, the successional model was more fit to describe the dynamics of balsam fir. The absence of fir regeneration during the initial period after the fire could be explained by the absence of the nearby fir seed sources due to harvesting. However, the total absence of fir establishment during the last period is more difficult to explain. Seedbed evolution since the fire could possibly be in cause. This and other studies indicate that in the boreal balsam fir-white birch ecoclimatic domain vegetation dynamic after fire does not limit itself to one pathway. Stand regeneration after fire is significantly affected by local conditions.
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Shimajiri, Yoshito, S. Takahashi, S. Takakuwa, M. Saito, and R. Kawabe. "Interaction between molecular outflows and dense gas in the cluster-forming region OMC-2/FIR4." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S237 (August 2006): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307002633.

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AbstractSince most stars are born as members of clusters (Lada & Lada 2003), it is important to clarified the detailed mechanism of cluster formation for comprehensive understanding of star formation. However, our current understanding of cluster formation is limited due to the followings; (a)Cluster forming regions are located at the far distance.(b)There are complex mixtures of outflows and dense gas in cluster forming regions. So, we focused on the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 region (OMC-2), a famous cluster-forming region (Lada & Lada 2003) and the most nearest GMC. We observed the FIR 4 region with the Nobeyama Millimeter Array(NMA), Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE). In this region, there are 3 protostars (FIR3, FIR4, FIR5) which were identified as 1.3 mm dust continuum sources (Chini et al. 1997) and driving sources of mixed outflows, and FIR 4 is the most strongest source of 1.3 mm dust continuum in OMC-2. Molecular lines we adopted are a high density (105cm−3) gas tracer of H13CO+ (J=1-0), a molecular outflow tracer of 12CO(J=1-0) and 12CO(J=3-2), and SiO(J=2-1 v=0) as a tracer of shocks associated with an interaction between outflows and dense gas.From results of the 12CO(J=1-0) outflow, H13CO+ dense gas, and the SiO shock, the outflow from FIR 3 interacts with dense gas in the FIR 4 region. Moreover the Position-Velocity diagram along the major axis of the 12CO(J=3-2) outflow shows that the 12CO(J=1-0) and SiO emission exhibits a L shape (the line widths increase in the interacting region in morphology). This is an evidence of interaction between the outflows and dense gas (Takakuwa et al. 2003). From result of the 3 mm dust continuum, the interacted region by the molecular outflow of FIR 3 is an assemble of seven dense cores. The mass of each core is 0.1-0.8 M. This clumpy structure is evident only at FIR 4 in the entire OMC-2/3 region. There are possible that two cores are in the proto-stellar phase, because 3 mm dust continuum source correspond to NIR source or 3.6 cm f-f jet source. From these results, cores in the FIR 4 region may be potential source of the next-generation stars. In the other words, there is a possibility that the molecular outflow ejected from FIR 3 is triggering the cluster formation in the FIR 4 region.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FIRP"

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Feinauer, Ian David. "The Relationship of Implicit Family Process Rules to Adolescent Presentation of Psychological Systems." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1328.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Marriage and Family Therapy, 2006.
Title of electronic copy: Relationship of implicit family process rules to adolescent presentation of psychological systems. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-76).
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Small, Erin D. "Fire Ecology in the Acadian Spruce-Fir Region and Vegetation Dynamics Following the Baxter Park Fire of 1977." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SmallED2004.pdf.

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Dicus, Christopher A. "Post-Fire Succession and Disturbance Interactions on an Intermountain Subalpine Spruce-Fir Forest." DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7299.

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Four general post-fire successional pathways leading to a climax Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry)/subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa [Hook] Nutt.) forest were identified operating on the T.W. Daniel Experimental Forest in northern Utah. These included initial colonization by seral quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), seral lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), colonization by lodgepole pine followed by a low intensity surface fire, and immediate colonization by late successional Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir. Post-fire establishment of the late successional species occurred earliest in the Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir pathway followed by the lodgepole pine and lodgepole pine ground fire pathways, and the quaking aspen pathway . The late successional species 11 grew fastest in the Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir pathway followed by the quaking aspen, lodgepole pine, and lodgepole pine ground-fire pathways. Conceptual models were presented showing how perturbations by fire, insect epidemics, and disease could interact to influence succession and shape the subalpine landscape. The subalpine forest changes through time to facilitate different types of disturbance that have varying effects on succession. In the continued suppression of fire, species and age class diversity will be reduced and disturbances may occur that are larger and more intense than those that have occurred historically.
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Vihnanek, Robert E. "The effects of slashburning on the growth and nutrition of young Douglas-fir plantations in some dry, salal-dominated ecosystems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25062.

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Twenty Douglas-fir plantations, ranging from 5 to 15 years old, were examined on the east side of Vancouver Island. In all areas studied, salal was the dominant ground cover, and was suspected of being a major competitor with trees for water and nutrients. In each plantation, part of the area has been burned and part was unburned. Stocking of planted Douglas-firs was found to be greater on the burned than on the unburned areas of 16 sites and height growth of planted Douglas-firs was greater on the burned than on the unburned areas of 18 sites. Some degree of nitrogen deficiency was inferred for 17 sites, but was not attributed to burning. Height and percent cover of salal was greater on unburned areas. Differences in height growth and percent cover of salal between burned and unburned areas were seen to be greatest where inferred burn severity was high. Browsing of Douglas-fir was more prevalent on burned areas but did not result in height growth being less than on adjacent unburned areas.
Forestry, Faculty of
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Andrews, Garren M. "Post-fire Mortality and Response in a Redwood/ Douglas-fir Forest, Santa Cruz Mountains, California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/882.

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We investigated how fire severity impacts the survival and response (sprouting/seeding) of multiple species in the Santa Cruz Mountains of coastal California, including coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), and Pacific madrone(Arbutus menziesii). During August 2009 the Lockheed Fire burned nearly 3,160ha of mixed-conifer stands with variable severity. Data from 37 Continuous Forest Inventory (CFI) plots were collected immediately before and for 2 successive years following the 2009 Lockheed Fire. This research entails three objectives. First, we quantified post-fire mortality of trees that vary in species, size, and fire severity. Second, data was quantified for post-fire response (sprouting, seeding) of those three tree species in areas of varying fire severity. Third, we developed logistic regression models that predict post-fire mortality and response for each of the three species. Understanding the relationship between burn severity, mortality and regeneration can allow for better post-fire predictive services. This research can support forest managers in post-fire management decisions to facilitate long-term sustainability and protection of environmental infrastructure within coast redwood/Douglas-fir forests.
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Gergely, Noemi. "Implicit Family Process and Couples Rules: A Comparison of American and Hungarian Families." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/526.

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Family life is organized by rules, and most of them are unspokenly agreed-upon by family members and may be even out of awareness. Implicit family process and couple rules may facilitate or constrain family relationship and intimate couple relationship growth. Prevalence of family rules may be different across cultures. Family members may perceive their rules and family functioning differently according to their family position and gender. Married couples may view their relationship rules differently than couples who cohabit. This study utilized the Family Implicit Rules Profile (FIRP) and the Couples Implicit Rules Profile (CIRP) Questionnaires to answer these research questions. The questionnaires were translated into Hungarian, and the content validity of the Hungarian translation was established. Hungarian non-clinical families and couples were compared to American (U.S.) non-clinical families and couples to examine how prevalent implicit rules were in the two cultures. According to the findings, Hungarian families and couples scored lower on the total FIRP and CIRP scores. Hungarian families perceived implicit family rules regarding kindness and monitoring less prevalent, and rules regarding constraining their thoughts, feelings and self more prevalent than American families. No differences were found in expressiveness and connection and inappropriate caretaking of parents between the two cultures. Hungarian couples perceived their implicit relationship rules regarding kindness, expressiveness and connection and monitoring less prevalent than American couples. No differences in implicit rules about constraining thoughts, feelings and self and inappropriate caretaking of partner were found between the two cultures. Mothers in both cultures viewed their families in a more positive light than other family members, and female family members (mothers and daughters) were more positive than their male counterparts (fathers and sons) about rules in their families in both cultures. Sons in both cultures perceived more responsibility to protect their parents emotionally than did daughters. Married couples in both cultures perceived their relationship rules more favorably in terms of kindness and monitoring than cohabiting couples. Results were interpreted in the context of cultural differences between the American and the Hungarian cultures. Limitations and the possibility of future research are discussed.
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Jorgensen, Carl Arik. "The Effects of Spruce Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on Fuels and Fire in Intermountain Spruce-Fir Forests." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/646.

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In spruce-fir forests, there are many biotic and abiotic disturbances that can alter stand structure and composition. Many of these disturbances can produce high percentages of tree mortality at different scales. Spruce beetle has been considered a devastating disturbance agent, capable of creating high levels of mortality that will alter fuel complexes that may affect fire behavior. For comparison, stand data were gathered in endemic (near Loa and Moab, UT), epidemic (near Loa and Fairview, UT), and post-epidemic (near Salina and Loa, UT) condition classes of spruce beetle activity. Generally, fine fuels were higher during the epidemic and returned to background levels during post-epidemic conditions. Also, herbaceous and shrub components increase following outbreak situations with an initial pulse of herbaceous material during epidemics followed by the expansion of shrub material in post-epidemic areas. Fuel bed bulk depth, large diameter woody material, sound and rotten, and duff did not significantly differ between spruce beetle condition classes. Available live canopy fuel, canopy bulk density, and canopy base height were significantly reduced from endemic when compared to epidemic and post-epidemic condition classes. The fuel complex alterations resulted in changes to calculated surface and crown fire behavior. Crown base height decreased in post-epidemic classes, which allowed for easier crown fire initiation. Due to large gaps in canopy continuity, no active crown fire was initiated. In endemic situations, canopy bulk density was adequate to maintain active crown fire runs, but crown base height was too high to initiate crown fire. Surface fire, estimated from the custom fuel models following fuel complex alterations, showed that fireline intensity and rates of spread were greater in post-epidemic areas, but mostly due to reduced overstory sheltering. When custom fuel models were compared with similar mid-flame wind speeds, epidemic and post-epidemic fire behavior predictions were similar, indicating that reduced sheltering was more dominant than the influence of the fuels complex or solar radiation. When custom fuel models were compared with established fuel models, none predicted the same fire behavior outputs.
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Krause, Robert C. "What is Killing Firefighters? A Study of Volunteer Firefighter Fatalities." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1563365156751977.

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Cunningham, Catherine A. "Bark Beetle Activity in Douglas-Fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Mirb. (Franco), Following the 1994 Beaver Mountain Fire." DigitalCommons@USU, 1997. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7267.

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The 1994 Beaver Mountain fire ignited the canopies of subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa, and spread ground fire into adjacent Douglas-fir forests, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca. Despite shorter flight seasons due to lower annual temperatures and persistent snow, the Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, attacked a range of moderately fire-injured host conifers. Logistic regression models illustrated that in 1995 associated bark beetles selected large diameter Douglas-fir with 60-80% bole char, 60-80% crown volume scorch, and 50-70% probability of mortality due to fire. In 1996 beetle preference shifted to smaller diameter trees with lighter fire injury. Tree size was less significant for predicted attack in 1996 because most large fire-damaged conifers were colonized by beetles in 1995. Beetle populations did not reach outbreak proportions outside the fire boundary, but 53 green trees were also infested in 1997 along the burn perimeter. Log linear tests conducted to quantify beetle emergence supported conclusions that beetles were not only attracted to mature, moderately fire-weakened conifers, but also produced greater brood numbers with up to 60-80 emergence holes/ 1800 cm2. Fire-defoliated trees provided bark beetles with sufficient phloem and limited resistance, allowing beetles to aggregate on areas of viable stem tissue regardless of overall bole char extent.
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Winer, Daniel H. "The development and meaning of firefighting, 1650-1850." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 351 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1833647391&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "FIRP"

1

Council, Ontario Economic, ed. FIRA and FIRB: Canadian and Australian policies on foreign direct investment. Toronto: Ontario Economic Council, 1985.

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Wetzel, Steven A. Fire history of Douglas-fir forests in the Morse Creek drainage of Olympic National Park, Washington. [Pullman, Wash.]: Northwest Scientific Association, 2000.

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Gibbons, Gail. Fire! Fire! New York: Harper & Row, 1986.

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Gibbons, Gail. Fire! Fire! New York: Scholastic, 1992.

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Swartz, Larry. Fire! fire! Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Sallis, Eva. Fire fire. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2004.

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Fire!, fire! Sisters, Or: Questar Publishers, 1995.

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Fire! fire! St. Paul, Minn: EMC Pub., 1986.

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March, Caeia. Fire! Fire! London: Women's Press, 1991.

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Terry, Burton, ed. Fire! fire! Bath: Bright Sparks, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "FIRP"

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Shore, Susanna. "J.R. Firth." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1–24. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.14.fir2.

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Portia, Owusu. "Fighting Fire with Fire." In The Routledge Companion to African American Theatre and Performance, 242–46. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315191225-47.

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Santhiago, Ricardo. "On Fire, under Fire." In Public in Public History, 71–88. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122166-6.

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Watts, Ann. "Fire." In Outdoor Learning through the Seasons, 201–10. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266720-16.

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Pritchard, Jacki. "Fire." In Hypnotherapy Scripts to Promote Children’s Wellbeing, 35–38. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044147-8.

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Bouchetoux, François. "Fire." In Writing Anthropology, 12–58. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137404176_2.

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Ferrett, Ed. "Fire." In Health and Safety at Work Revision Guide, 163–72. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003039099-13.

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Hughes, Phil, and Ed Ferrett. "Fire." In Introduction to Health and Safety at Work, 365–406. Seventh edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003039075-11.

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Degens, Egon T. "Fire." In Perspectives on Biogeochemistry, 71–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48879-5_5.

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Kozák, Jan, and Roger M. W. Musson. "Fire." In The Illustrated History of the Elements, 201–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21426-5_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "FIRP"

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Hirao, Takanori, Toshio Matsumoto, Shuji Sato, Ken Ganga, Andrew E. Lange, Beverly J. Smith, and Minoru M. Freund. "Flight performance of the Far-Infrared Photometer (FIRP)." In SPIE's 1996 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Marija S. Scholl and Bjorn F. Andresen. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.255189.

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Bründermann, E. "Mode structure and mode dynamics of the FIRp-Ge laser." In International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications 1994. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2303037.

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Taam, Damon M. K., and Chuck Conklin. "Supplemental Pit Fire Control Deluge System: Spokane Regional Waste to Energy Facility." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2338.

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After sixteen years of operation, it became apparent that the pit fire protection system installed during construction of the Spokane Regional Waste to Energy (WTE) Facility (1989–1991) was inadequate. A risk analysis was performed by Creighton Engineering Inc., a fire protection consulting firm, hired by the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System (Regional System) and Wheelabrator Spokane Inc. With input from Spokane County Fire District 10 and the City of Spokane Fire Department, a replacement supplemental fire protection system was designed and ultimately installed. This paper will describe the problems with the once state of the art fire system and the planning, design and installation of the new system.
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Biswas, Susmit, Mohit Tiwari, Timothy Sherwood, Luke Theogarajan, and Frederic T. Chong. "Fighting fire with fire." In Proceeding of the 38th annual international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2000064.2000104.

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Rastegarpanah, Bashir, Krishna P. Gummadi, and Mark Crovella. "Fighting Fire with Fire." In WSDM '19: The Twelfth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3289600.3291002.

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Xiang, Yue, Hao Zou, Caixia An, and Yinuo Qian. "Study on Evacuation Characteristics of Laboratory Personnel in University." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055758.

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Wang, Yalong, Xiao Chen, Shouxiang Lu, and Dongfeng Li. "Experimental Study of the Combustion Characteristic of Commercial Bus Floor Leather with Adding Combustion Improver." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055759.

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Wang, Pengfei, Xuanya Liu, and Longfei Chen. "Experimental Study on Flame Wander of Small-scale Fire Whirl based on Video Image Analysis." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055760.

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Chen, Yilin, Diance Gao, Xiangfeng He, and Dong Liang. "A Discussion about the Application of Image Analysis Technique in Potential Fire Hazard Exclusion." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055761.

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You, Shuhang, Cong Zuo, Yuanyuan Xiong, Yu Zhao, Yang Liu, and Peng Lin. "An Experimental Study on Self-extinction of Methanol Fire in Tunnels with Different Wall Surfaces." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055762.

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Reports on the topic "FIRP"

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Hood, Sharon, Barbara Bentz, Ken Gibson, Kevin Ryan, and Gregg DeNitto. Assessing post-fire Douglas-fir mortality and Douglas-fir beetle attacks in the northern Rocky Mountains. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-199.

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Gruell, George E., James K. Brown, and Charles L. Bushey. Prescribed fire opportunities in grasslands invaded by Douglas-fir: state-of-the-art guidelines. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-gtr-198.

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Ovcharov, A. V. On criminal law approaches to the assessment of «friendly fire». DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2074-1944-2021-0165.

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The article is devoted to the consideration of the phenomenon of «friendly fire» in modern military conflicts and the development of general criminal-legal approaches to its assessment. The article analyzes the causes of «friendly fire», discusses its types and provides the most famous cases of «fire on their own» in military history. Еhe article contains recommendations for determining the guilt of persons who committed cases of «friendly fire» and compares the phenomenon under consideration with the criminal-legal category of extreme necessity
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Alviarez, Vanessa, Javier Cravino, and Natalia Ramondo. Firm-Embedded Productivity and Cross-Country Income Differences. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003029.

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We measure the contribution of firm-embedded productivity to cross-country income differences. By firm-embedded productivity we refer to the components of productivity that differ across firms and that can be transferred internationally, such as blueprints, management practices, and intangible capital. Our approach relies on micro-level data on the cross-border operations of multinational enterprises (MNEs). We compare the market shares of the exact same MNE in different countries and document that they are about four times larger in developing than in high-income coun-tries. This finding indicates that MNEs face less competition in less-developed coun-tries, suggesting that firm-embedded productivity in those countries is scarce. We propose and implement a new measure of firm-embedded productivity based on this observation. We find a strong positive correlation between our measure and output per worker across countries. In our sample, differences in firm-embedded productivity account for roughly a third of the cross-country variance in output per worker.
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Varma, Amit H., Jan Olek, Christopher S. Williams, Tzu-Chun Tseng, Dan Huang, and Tom Bradt. Post-Fire Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Bridges in Indiana. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317290.

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This project focused on evaluating the effects of fire-induced damage on concrete bridge elements, including prestressed concrete bridge girders. A series of controlled heating experiments, pool fire tests, material tests, and structural loading tests were conducted. Experimental results indicate that the portion of concrete subjected to temperatures higher than 400°C loses significant amounts of calcium hydroxide (CH). Decomposition of CH increases porosity and causes significant cracking. The portion of concrete exposed to temperatures higher than 400°C should be repaired or replaced. When subjected to ISO-834 standard fire heating, approximately 0.25 in. and 0.75 in. of concrete from the exposed surface are damaged after 40 minutes and 80 minutes of heating, respectively. Prestressed concrete girders exposed to about 50 minutes of hydrocarbon fire undergo superficial concrete material damage with loss of CH and extensive cracking and spalling extending to the depth of 0.75–1.0 in. from the exposed surface. These girders do not undergo significant reduction in flexural strength or shear strength. The reduction in the initial stiffness may be notable due to concrete cracking and spalling. Bridge inspectors can use these findings to infer the extent of material and structural damage to prestressed concrete bridge girders in the event of a fire and develop a post-fire assessment plan.
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Ayres, João, and Gajendran Raveendranathan. Firm Entry and Exit during Recessions. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003356.

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We analyze shocks to productivity, collateral constraint (credit shock), firm operation, and labor disutility in a model of firm dynamics with entry and exit. Shocks to firm operation and labor disutility capture COVID-19 lockdowns. Compared to the productivity shock, the credit and the lockdown shocks generate larger changes in firm entry and exit. The credit shock accounts for lower entry, higher exit, and concentration of exit among young firms during the Great Recession. The lockdown shocks predict a large fall in entry and rise in exit followed by a sharp rebound. In both recessions, changes in entry and exit account for 10-20 percent of the fall in output and hours. Finally, we discuss how the modeling of potential entrants matters for the quantitative results.
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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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Mercer-Smith, Janet. QUIC-Fire: 3D Fire-Atmosphere Feedback Model for Wildland Fire Management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1650598.

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Vytenis, Babrauskas, Jr Harris, Richard G. Gann, Barbara C. Levin, Billy T. Lee, Richard D. Peacock, Maya Paabo, William Twilley, Margaret F. Yoklavich, and Helene M. Clark. Fire hazard comparison of fire-retarded and non-fire-retarded products. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.sp.749.

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Mathur, Kumud. Fire Maintenance and Logistics Analysis (Fire Main). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada212648.

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