Academic literature on the topic 'Firs-born'

AbstractChorioamnionitis is inflammation of the fetal membranes (chorion and amnion) which could be of microbial or nonmicrobial etiology. It is a common complication of pregnancy with significant implications for both mother and infant. It represents a spectrum of diseases, which range from histological but subclinical chorioamnionitis to funisitis and chorionic vasculitis with multiorgan involvement in the fetus. Chorioamnionitis results in the activation of the fetal innate immune system known as the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). FIRS with or without evidence of microbial presence initiates an inflammatory cascade that has been implicated in the mechanisms responsible for the fetal injury. Such injury can result in adverse neonatal outcomes involving multiple organ systems with high perinatal and long-term morbidity and mortality. While antimicrobial treatment of chorioamnionitis is beneficial to the mother, it is unclear whether the same holds true for the fetus as the damage may already be done by the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This article reviews the immunological changes and their consequences in neonates born to mothers with chorioamnionitis.

<p><em>Parents are the firs environment a child experiences when he is born into the world.Furthermore,parents are also the main environment in shaping a child’s personality.At the beginning of their growth, they tend to spend more with the family environment,especially parents.Then in the family a child experiences the first and foremost educational process of the parents.All forms of parental behaviour,both oral and good deeds that are exemplary and habits applied in social life wiil affect the pattern of child development.Therefore,my parents should able to instill a good education and of course this is true in children from an early age,so that the subsequent development of children can reflect a good and noble personality as well as be beneficial for themselves ,parentsriligion,society and nation and country.</em></p>

AbstractNeonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis at term are at an increased risk of infection. Acute subchorionitis, chorioamnionitis, and funisitis are considered placental histologic features consistent with acute inflammation according to the Society for Pediatric Pathology. The objectives of this study were to examine the performance of placental histologic features in the identification of: 1) microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation (intra-amniotic infection); and 2) fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS).This retrospective cohort study included women with the diagnosis of clinical chorioamnionitis at term (n=45), who underwent an amniocentesis to determine: 1) the presence of microorganisms using both cultivation and molecular biologic techniques [polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with broad range primers]; and 2) interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and likelihood ratios) of placental histologic features consistent with acute inflammation was determined for the identification of microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation and FIRS.1) The presence of acute histologic chorioamnionitis and funisitis was associated with the presence of proven intra-amniotic infection assessed by amniotic fluid analysis; 2) funisitis was also associated with the presence of FIRS; 3) the negative predictive value of acute funisitis ≥stage 2 for the identification of neonates born to mothers with intra-amniotic infection was <50%, and therefore, suboptimal to exclude fetal exposure to bacteria in the amniotic cavity; and 4) acute funisitis ≥stage 2 had a negative predictive value of 86.8% for the identification of FIRS in a population with a prevalence of 20%.Acute histologic chorioamnionitis and funisitis are associated with intra-amniotic infection and the presence of FIRS. However, current pathologic methods have limitations in the identification of the fetus exposed to microorganisms present in the amniotic cavity. Further studies are thus required to determine whether molecular markers can enhance the performance of placental pathology in the identification of neonates at risk for neonatal sepsis.

Abstract Background Infants born preterm due to chorioamnionitis are frequently affected by a fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) and then by subsequent postnatal infections. FIRS and postnatal systemic inflammatory events independently contribute to poor neurocognitive outcomes of preterm infants. Developmental integrity of the hippocampus is crucial for intact neurocognitive outcomes in preterms and hippocampally dependent behaviors are particularly vulnerable to preterm systemic inflammation. How FIRS modulates the hippocampal immune response to acute postnatal inflammatory events is not well understood. Methods Prenatal LPS exposed (FIRS) and control neonatal rats received i.p. LPS or saline at postnatal day (P) 5. On P7, immune response was evaluated in the hippocampus of four treatment groups by measuring gene expression of inflammatory mediators and cytosolic and nuclear NFκB pathway proteins. Microglial activation was determined by CD11b+ and Iba1+ immunohistochemistry (IHC) and inflammatory gene expression of isolated microglia. Astrocyte reactivity was measured using Gfap+ IHC. Results Postnatal LPS resulted in a robust hippocampal inflammatory response. In contrast, FIRS induced by prenatal LPS attenuated the response to postnatal LPS exposure, evidenced by decreased gene expression of inflammatory mediators, decreased nuclear NFκB p65 protein, and fewer activated CD11b+ and Iba1+ microglia. Isolated microglia demonstrated inflammatory gene upregulation to postnatal LPS without evidence of immune tolerance by prenatal LPS. Conclusion Prenatal LPS exposure induced immune tolerance to subsequent postnatal LPS exposure in the hippocampus. Microglia demonstrate a robust inflammatory response to postnatal LPS, but only a partial immune tolerance response.

AbstractMicrobial invasion of the fetus due to intra-amniotic infection can lead to a systemic inflammatory response characterized by elevated concentrations of cytokines in the umbilical cord plasma/serum. Clinical chorioamnionitis represents the maternal syndrome often associated with intra-amniotic infection, although other causes of this syndrome have been recently described. The objective of this study was to characterize the umbilical cord plasma cytokine profile in neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis at term, according to the presence or absence of bacteria and/or intra-amniotic inflammation.A cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term (n=38; cases) and those with spontaneous term labor without clinical chorioamnionitis (n=77; controls). Women with clinical chorioamnionitis were classified according to the results of amniotic fluid culture, broad-range polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) and amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6 concentration into three groups: 1) no intra-amniotic inflammation; 2) intra-amniotic inflammation without detectable microorganisms; or 3) microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation. A fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) was defined as an umbilical cord plasma IL-6 concentration >11 pg/mL. The umbilical cord plasma concentrations of 29 cytokines were determined with sensitive and specific V-PLEX immunoassays. Nonparametric statistical methods were used for analysis, adjusting for a false discovery rate of 5%.1) Neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis at term (consideredNeonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis at term had higher concentrations of umbilical cord plasma cytokines than those born to mothers without clinical chorioamnionitis. Even neonates exposed to clinical chorioamnionitis but not to intra-amniotic inflammation had elevated concentrations of multiple cytokines, suggesting that intrapartum fever alters the fetal immune response.

In my paper I would like to focus on comparing of two groups of siblings in a different sibling positiron and their presisposition for the choice of the occupation and point out the qualities that an individual carries from the childhood and which can influence the choice of their future occupation. I want to make out and compare the changes in this theory in the course of a decade. According to the statistics I have assumed that the firs-bor will choose still occupations demanding accuracy, high conce thein perfectionism and thein will to achieve success. On the contrary, the youngest ones are supposed to be free thinkers and chaose flexible and independent occupations. Both the hypothes have proved true. For collection the date this thesis I use questionnaire. It was filled up with randon representatives with different age. I made a research by comparing the representatives of the oldest and the youngest siblings and partially also middle ones.