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Dorai-Raj, Sundardas Samuel. "First- and Second-Order Properties of Spatiotemporal Point Patterns in the Space-Time and Frequency Domains." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28540.
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Point processes are common in many physical applications found in engineering and biology.
These processes can be observed in one-dimension as a time series or two-dimensions as a spatial point pattern with extensive amounts of literature devoted to their analyses.
However, if the observed process is a hybrid of spatial and temporal point process, very few practical methods exist.
In such cases, practitioners often remove the temporal component and analyze the spatial dependencies.
This marginal spatial analysis may lead to misleading results if time is an important factor in the process.
In this dissertation we extend the current analysis of spatial point patterns to include a temporal dimension.
First- and second-order intensity measures for analyzing spatiotemporal point patterns are explicitly defined.
Estimation of first-order intensities are examined using 3-dimensional smoothing techniques.
Conditions for weak stationarity are provided so that subsequent second-order analysis can be conducted.
We consider second-order analysis of spatiotemporal point patterns first in the space-time domain through an extension of Ripley's $K$-function.
An alternative analysis is given in the frequency domain though construction of a spatiotemporal periodogram.
The methodology provided is tested through simulation of spatiotemporal point patterns and by analysis of a real data set.
The biological application concerns the estimation of the homerange of groups of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker in the Fort Bragg area of North Carolina.
Monthly or bimonthly point patterns of the bird distribution are analyzed and integrated over a 23 month period.<br>Ph. D.
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He, Yi. "Evaluating equating properties for mixed-format tests." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/981.
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Mixed-format tests containing both multiple-choice (MC) items and constructed-response (CR) items are used in many testing programs. The use of multiple formats presents a number of measurement challenges, one of which is how to adequately equate mixed-format tests under the common-item nonequivalent groups (CINEG) design, especially when, due to practical constraints, the common-item set contains only MC items. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate how equating properties were preserved for mixed-format tests under the CINEG design.
Real data analyses were conducted on 22 equating linkages of 39 mixed-format tests from the Advanced Placement (AP) Examination program. Four equating methods were used: the frequency estimation (FE) method, the chained equipercentile (CE) method, item response theory (IRT) true score equating, and IRT observed score equating. In addition, cubic spline postsmoothing was used with the FE and CE methods. The factors of investigation were the correlation between MC and CR scores, the proportion of common items, the proportion of MC-item score points, and the similarity between alternate forms. Results were evaluated using three equating properties: first-order equity, second-order equity, and the same distributions property.
The main findings from this dissertation were as follows: (1) Between the two IRT equating methods, true score equating better preserved first-order equity than observed score equating, and observed score equating better preserved second-order equity and the same distributions property than true score equating. (2) Between the two traditional methods, CE better preserved first-order equity than FE, but in terms of preserving second-order equity and the same distributions property, CE and FE produced similar results. (3) Smoothing helped to improve the preservation of second-order equity and the same distributions property. (4) A higher MC-CR correlation was associated with better preservation of first-order equity for both IRT methods. (5) A higher MC-CR correlation was associated with better preservation of second-order equity for IRT true score equating. (6) A higher MC-CR correlation was associated with better preservation of the same distributions property for IRT observed score equating. (7) The proportion of common items, the proportion of MC score points, and the similarity between forms were not found to be associated with the preservation of the equating properties. These results are interpreted in the context of research literature in this area and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Wist, Hanne Therese. "Statistical properties of successive ocean wave parameters." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16.
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<p>For random waves the free surface elevation can be described by a number of individual wave parameters. The main objective of this work has been to study the statistical properties of individual parameters in successive waves; the wave crest height, the wave height and the wave period.</p><p>In severe sea states the wave crest heights exhibit a nonlinear behavior, which must be reflected in the models. An existing marginal distribution that uses second order Stokes-type nonlinearity is transformed to a two-dimensional distribution by use of the two–dimensional Rayleigh distribution. This model only includes sum frequency effects. A two-dimensional distribution is also established by transforming a second order model including both sum and different frequency effects. Both models are based on the narrow-band assumption, and the effect of finite water depth is included. A parametric wave crest height distribution proposed by Forristall (2000) has been extended to two dimensions by transformation of the two-dimensional Weibull distribution. </p><p>Two successive wave heights are modeled by a Gaussian copula, which is referred to as the Nataf model. Results with two initial distributions for the transformation are presented, the Næss (1985) model and a two-parameter Weibull distribution, where the latter is in best agreement with data. The results are compared with existing models. The Nataf model has also been used for modeling three successive wave heights. Results show that the Nataf transformation of three successive wave heights can be approximated by a first order autoregression model. This means that the distribution of the wave height given the previous wave height is independent of the wave heights prior to the previous wave height. The simulation of successive wave heights can be done directly without simulating the time series of the complete surface elevation. </p><p>Successive wave periods are modeled with the Nataf transformation by using a two-parameter Weibull distribution and a generalized Gamma distribution as the initial distribution, where the latter is in best agreement with data. Results for the marginal and two-dimensional distributions are compared with existing models. In practical applications, it is often of interest to consider successive wave periods with corresponding wave heights exceeding a certain threshold. Results show that the distribution for successive wave periods when the corresponding wave heights exceed the root-mean-square value of the wave heights can be approximated by a multivariate Gaussian distribution. When comparing the results with data, a long time series is needed in order to obtain enough data cases. Results for three successive wave periods are also presented. </p><p>The models are compared with field data from the Draupner field and the Japan Sea, and with laboratory data from experiments at HR Wallingford. In addition, data from numerical simulations based on second order wave theory, including both sum and frequency effects, are included.</p>
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Lobos, Fernández Mauricio [Verfasser]. "Homogenization and materials design of mechanical properties of textured materials based on zeroth-, first- and second-order bounds of linear behavior / Mauricio Lobos Fernández." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2018. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
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Hansch, Alexandra Y. "Germanic Properties in the Left Periphery of Old French: V-to-C-Movement, XP-fronting, Stylistic Fronting and Verb-Initial Clauses." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31183.
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The present dissertation is a comparative investigation between the Germanic-like structural phenomena found in the left periphery of Old French (OF) clauses and the syntactic phenomena found in the left periphery of Old High German (OHG). The goal of this thesis is to provide evidence that only a synchronic analysis can explain the presence of Germanic-like structures in OF syntax. The reason for this lies in the similarities between the V2 properties found in OF and OHG. The two languages show V2 properties such as V-to-C movement and XP fronting, but also properties which are not found in Modern V2 languages such as a frequent V1 and V3 word order. The corpus I use consists of four OF texts from the 12th and 13th century which correspond to the late OF period. They are composed in different OF dialects from the northern part of France. The poetic texts chosen for this study are Le voyage de Saint-Brandan and Gormont et Isembart. The prose texts are Le Roman de Tristan en prose and Les Miracles de Saint Louis. I coded these OF documents according to certain criteria: main clause type, embedded clause type, finite verb position, first element preceding the finite verb, etc. The results indicate that OF can be considered a true V2-language that shares a certain amount of properties with OHG, namely V-to-C movement, XP fronting, Stylistic Fronting as well as verb-initial clauses. This thesis illustrates that the OF dialects closer situated to the Germanic language border show a higher frequency in Germanic-like syntactic phenomena than the dialects situated further away. A difference between poems and prose texts concerning the presence and intensity of certain syntactic phenomena can also be observed.
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Durugo, Samuel O. "Higher-order airy functions of the first kind and spectral properties of the massless relativistic quartic anharmonic oscillator." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16497.
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This thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, we study a class of special functions Aik (y), k = 2, 4, 6, ··· generalising the classical Airy function Ai(y) to higher orders and in the second part, we apply expressions and properties of Ai4(y) to spectral problem of a specific operator. The first part is however motivated by latter part. We establish regularity properties of Aik (y) and particularly show that Aik (y) is smooth, bounded, and extends to the complex plane as an entire function, and obtain pointwise bounds on Aik (y) for all k. Some analytic properties of Aik (y) are also derived allowing one to express Aik (y) as a finite sum of certain generalised hypergeometric functions. We further obtain full asymptotic expansions of Aik (y) and their first derivative Ai'(y) both for y > 0 and for y < 0. Using these expansions, we derive expressions for the negative real zeroes of Aik (y) and Ai'(y). Using expressions and properties of Ai4(y), we extensively study spectral properties of a non-local operator H whose physical interpretation is the massless relativistic quartic anharmonic oscillator in one dimension. Various spectral results for H are derived including estimates of eigenvalues, spectral gaps and trace formula, and a Weyl-type asymptotic relation. We study asymptotic behaviour, analyticity, and uniform boundedness properties of the eigenfunctions Ψn(x) of H. The Fourier transforms of these eigenfunctions are expressed in two terms, one involving Ai4(y) and another term derived from Ai4(y) denoted by Āi4(y). By investigating the small effect generated by Āi4(y) this work shows that eigenvalues λn of H are exponentially close, with increasing n Ε N, to the negative real zeroes of Ai4(y) and those of its first derivative Ai'4(y) arranged in alternating and increasing order of magnitude. The eigenfunctions Ψ(x) are also shown to be exponentially well-approximated by the inverse Fourier transform of Ai4(|y| - λn) in its normalised form.
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Soale, Abdul-Nasah. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Point Patterns." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3120.
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In this thesis, the basic tools of spatial statistics and time series analysis are applied to the case study of the earthquakes in a certain geographical region and time frame. Then some of the existing methods for joint analysis of time and space are described and applied. Finally, additional research questions about the spatial-temporal distribution of the earthquakes are posed and explored using statistical plots and models. The focus in the last section is in the relationship between number of events per year and maximum magnitude and its effect on how clustered the spatial distribution is and the relationship between distances in time and space in between consecutive events as well as the distribution of the distances.
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Ouanounou, Sarah. "Investigation of Structural and Magnetic Properties of First and Second Row Transition Metals with N,N’,N and S,N,S Pincer-type Ligands." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32212.
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This work began with the ambition of probing the application of pincer ligands to control the geometry and bonding environments of metal centers by employing the bis(imino) pyridine ligand scaffold and an assortment of transition metals, particularly silver and a variety of paramagnetic centers. The work was further extended to the investigation of the SNS tridentate thiolate ligand backbone, specifically the bis(methylthiomethyl) pyridine and bis(ethylthiomethyl) pyridine ligand frameworks with a similary array of transition metal centres. Along with the reports of novel coordination compounds and analysis of trends in bonding, computational chemistry was utilized to correlate the data obtained experimentally with computed models. Synthesis, characterization and computational studies are presented herein. Chapter 1 presents a brief history of the bis(imino) pyridine ligand as well as its synthesis and characterization. Chapter 2 presents a brief history of the S,N,S ligand as well as its synthesis and characterization. Chapter 3 presents the synthesis of a series of first row transition metal bromide-bis(imino) pyridine complexes along with their characterizations and an analysis of bonding trends. Chapter 4 presents the synthesis of a series of first row transition metal bromide-S,N,S ligand complexes along with their characterizations and an analysis of bonding trends. Chapter 5 presents a general conclusion to the work.
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Fichtner, Tina. "Synthesis and Characterization of Mn-rich Heusler alloys for magnetocaloric applications." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-211318.
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New magnetocaloric Heusler alloys with larger magnetocaloric effects need to function in relatively low applied magnetic fields ≤ 1 T. Therefore, the emphasis of this Ph.D. thesis was to understand how the first order magnetostructural transformation in Mn-rich Ni-based rare-earth free magnetocaloric Heusler alloys works and to use this understanding for the design of new Mn-rich Ni-based rare-earth free magnetocaloric Heusler alloys. In this context, the rare-earth free, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly Heusler series: Ni2−xMn1+xSn, Mn50Ni50−ySny, and Ni-(Co-)Mn-In were systematically studied. In detail, it pointed out that in the Heusler series Ni2−xMn1+xSn, the structure and the disorder character can be predicted by using simple rules. On the other hand, an isoplethal section of the Heusler series Mn50Ni50−ySny was derived, which is very useful for the design of new magnetocaloric materials. In addition to it, in the Heusler alloy Ni49.9Mn34.5In15.6 a large saturated magnetic moment and a reversible magnetocaloric effect at its purely second order magnetic phase transition was present, which is in reasonable agreement with ab initio calculations. Finally, the effect of post-annealing on the Heusler alloy Ni45.2Co5.1Mn36.7In13 revealed that the magnetocaloric effect could be tuned and improved significantly. Consequently, this work shows that the Heusler alloys are promising candidates for magnetocaloric applications.
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Hutchinson, Claire Victoria. "First-order and second-order motion processing in human vision." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423655.
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Agbo, Sunday A. "Phase Transitions and Associated Magnetic and Transport Properties in Selected NI-MN-GA based Heusler Alloys." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1595644731616343.
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Remillard, Gilbert. "Implicit learning of first- and second-order transition probabilities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23470.pdf.
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Underwood, Anand Malcolm. "First and second order optimality conditions in control theory." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429577.
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Liu, Xu. "First and second order conditions for optimal control problems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443828.
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Mortin, Catherine Leanne. "fMRI responses to first- and second-order modulations of visual textures." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82621.
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The world around us contains a variety of visual information, both first-order (luminance-defined) and second-order (defined by characteristics other than luminance). Previous studies suggest that the human visual cortex employs distinct mechanisms for segregating regions whose borders are defined by modulations of first- and second-order properties. This study uses a new approach of human psychophysics and fMRI experiments to explore the brain responses to both first-order and second-order (orientation, spatial frequency and contrast) texture borders. The results reveal differential activation among these modulations both in known retinotopic areas and in higher occipital/parietal regions. Orientation modulated textures elicit significantly different responses compared to modulations of other properties; whereas spatial frequency and contrast modulated textures produce similar responses. These findings suggest that higher visual cortical areas are heavily involved in texture processing, with a functional dissociation between segregating textures with modulations of (a) orientation, (b) spatial frequency or contrast and (c) luminance.
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Korsmeyer, F. Thomas. "The first- and second-order transient free-surface wave radiation problems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14728.
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Marko, John Frederick Daniel 1962. "On structure and scaling at first and second order phase transitions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32574.
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Chang, Shing I. "Optimal multi-response experimental designs for first and second order models /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487694389392346.
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Karakus, Yusuf. "Second order nonlinear optical properties of poled polymeric thin Films." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5656/.
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In this thesis the electrical poling and second order non-linear optical, NLO properties of guest-host, side-chain and main-chain polymers are studied. In bisphenol-A polycarbonate, BPA-PC guest-host systems an enhancement in both the thermal stability and linear electro-optic coefficient can be observed. This can occur in guest- host systems where hydrogen bonding can arise. One example is DAN/BPA-PC guest- host polymer. In side-chain materials a commercially available polymer P-4VP can be poled. This material shows moderate electro-optic response following poling. A novel main-chain type material, where the NLO group is rigidly bonded to the main-chain in a 'V shape is studied for its poling and second-order NLO properties. The rigidity of the polymer is so high that only chain-end groups contribute to the response.
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Aitken, Meghan Elizabeth. "A Study of First Language Background and Second Language Order of Acquisition." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2674.
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One major topic that often appears in textbooks on second language acquisition (SLA) is that of order of acquisition of morphemes. Much research has been done on the issue in the past, and a particular acquisition order has been accepted by many in the field of SLA for second language learners of English. This order of morphemes is deemed invariant and not affected by the native language of the learner. This thesis examines this claim, using an elicited imitation test to target nine English morphemes. The results show that a learner's native language does indeed have an effect on the order of acquisition of morphemes; however, only a few limited claims can be made regarding this order (for example, Japanese and Korean seem to acquire the auxiliary morpheme earlier than in other languages). Previous research is examined in light of the differences between this and other studies, with a specific focus on methodological issues which could have a significant impact on both results and interpretation of results in studies related to order of acquisition of morphemes.
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Thaulow, Lauritz Vesteraas. "A Study and Comparison of First and Second Order Cellular Automata with Examples." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10799.
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<p>This thesis will give an introduction to the concepts of cellular automata and higher order cellular automata, and go through several examples of both. Cellular automata are discrete systems of cells in an n-dimensional grid. The cells interact with each other through the use of a rule depending only on local characteristics, which lead to some global behaviour. Higher order cellular automata are hierarchical structures of cellular automata with added possibilities for dynamic local interaction. We first give an introduction for non-mathematicians. A mathematical definition of cellular automata follows, and we illustrate the many possibilities with a few examples. Higher order cellular automata are introduced and defined, and we look at the consequences higher order cellular automata has on optimization of computer implementations. Finally we apply higher order structures to some of the examples, and study the effects.</p>
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Achoui, Dalila. "Consciousness and perceptual decision-making: The relationship between first- and second-order processing." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284059.
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Chapter 1 starts with providing the theoretical background against which the experimental work in this thesis can be viewed. It provides the main approaches, theories and views on consciousness and the main challenges in the field. Specifically, it does so in relation to first-order and second- order neuronal processing, which will be explained later on. Furthermore, Chapter 1 discusses the conscious brain in its larger context of an embodied mind and the environment in which the agent lives. Lastly, the final section reviews the possibility of consciousness being a social construct. Chapter 2 continues with examining what happens when information-processing is limited to first-order processing, which is the case when information remains subliminal. Subliminal information does get processed up to a certain level, since brain activity in response to the stimulus can be measured. Yet, it is not processed up to the level that renders the stimulus conscious. The study presented in Chapter 2 aims to answer whether perceptual information presented below the conscious threshold can still affect behaviour? The outcome of this and similar studies would tell us more about the possible functions of consciousness. If subliminal stimuli are not able to influence behaviour, it would suggest that consciousness is necessary in order to guide or regulate human behaviour. Chapter 3 discusses how (changes in) perceptual content influences the subjective experience of time, a concept that is highly related to consciousness. Consciousness inevitably needs a reference or content to be conscious of. Similarly, time needs external physical events to occur to have any meaning, since time is generally only defined in terms of changes of state, mass or energy. Atomic clocks measure time by detecting changes in energy levels of electrons in atoms and are the most accurate timekeepers we have with an error rate of only 1 second per 30 million years. Therefore, no matter how small the event is, without any such event like a change in physical state of the electron the concept of time would be meaningless. Thus, the concept of time would be completely irrelevant in a universe without mass or matter. In such a universe the passing of a single nanosecond would be exactly the same as a billion years. This dependence on external events is what makes time perception such an interesting topic to study in the field of consciousness. The critical question here is how subjective experience of time relates to conscious (changes in) perceptual content.Chapter 4 further explores the relationship between perceptual content and consciousness. The study described in this chapter examines the transition of first-order information to second-order processing. Does a gradual increase in first-order perceptual evidence result in similarly gradual judgments of subjective experience? This chapter discusses levels of representation, perceptual evidence and their effect on subjective judgments. The key question here is whether increasing perceptual evidence while maintaining a fixed level of representation will result in higher levels of subjective measures as well or whether such measures only increase with higher levels of representation. In short, can you be more or less conscious in a graded manner or is consciousness an all-or-none type of phenomenon? This answer will have important consequences for distinguishing between the main theories on consciousness since their predictions about graded consciousness differ and therefore could be strongly challenged by the answer to this question. Chapter 5 tests the idea of consciousness being an acquired ability rather than an innate property of the brain by examining the possibility of training or improving second-order processing, which is one of the key assumptions of the Radical Plasticity Theory. The study described in this chapter explores plasticity of consciousness by performing a perceptual learning study of multiple sessions over several days. The effects of this training paradigm on both first- and second order processing will be discussed in this chapter. Chapter 6 looks deeper into such second-order subjective judgments and what kinds of first- order information is used to make such judgments. It has been suggested that such measures of conscious experience not only incorporate sensory information but also includes information from non-sensory brain areas such as the motor cortex. In light of the sensorimotor accounts of consciousness the influence of motor cortex, and thus action, on the subjective experience of visual stimuli would be an important result and would support such accounts wherein perception and action are tightly intertwined. Finally, chapter 7 summarizes the main findings and discusses the results within the larger framework or first- and second order processing. It also addresses the consequences or implications of these findings for some of the most promising theories on consciousness, and Radical Plasticity thesis in particular.<br>Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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MULLER, NELSON. "OVERLOAD CORRECTIVE CONTROL CALCULATION BY FIRST AND SECOND ORDER MODELS IN RETANGULAR COORDINATES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1985. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14018@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>O aumento da complexidade dos sistemas elétricos de potência tem feito crescer o interesse pela operação e controle em tempo real. Tornou-se então necessária, a criação de centros de controle e computadorizados cujo objetivo principal é suprir toda a carga com todas as restrições de operação satisfeitas e a custo mínimo. Evidencia-se assim, a necessidade de desenvolvimento de algoritmos para o controle corretivo da operação em tempo real, como por exemplo para o controle corretivo de sobrecargas. Os algoritmos existentes têm utilizado como modelo as equações não-lineares de potência injetada nodal na forma polar. Estas equações, quando escritas na forma retangular, são quadráticas e apenas os três primeiros termos da expansão em série de Taylor são não-nulos. Desta forma, é possível que o termo da 1ºordem da expansão na forma retangular seja mais representativo das equações não-lineares que o termo da 1ª ordem na forma polar. Isto pode acarretar melhoras na característica de convergência do método de Newton-Raphson. Além disso, é possível utilizar um método de solução de equações quadráticas onde todos os três termos da expansão em série de Taylor são tomados em consideração. Nesta dissertação são desenvolvidos algoritmos de 1ª e 2ª ordens na forma retangular para o controle corretivo de sobrecargas em tempo real. A melhor maneira de se considerar as restrições nas variáveis de controle é mostrada. Os algoritmos utilizam análise de sensibilidade entre as diversas variáveis do sistema e, na busca da melhor formulação, diversos testes com vários sistemas foram efetuados. Os resultados são comparados entre si e com aqueles obtidos com as equações na forma polar.<br>The increase in complexity of the electrical power systems have risen the interest on real-time operation and control. The built of computarized control centers whose main objective is to supply the loads, with all the operation constratints satisfied at lowest cost, became necessary. Therefore, the development of real-time algorithms for secure and economic operation, as for instance for overload corrective control, turned out to be a consequence. The non-linear injected nodal power equations have been written in polar form in the existing algorithms. In rectangular form in the existing algorithms. In rectangular form, these equations are quadratic and their Taylor series expansion have only the first three terms. Hence, the first order term of the expansion in rectangular form might be more representative of the non-linear equations than the first order term in polar form. This may improve the converge characteristic of the Newton-Raphson method. Moreover, a quadratic equation solution method can be used. In this method, all the three terms of the Taylor series expansion are taken into account. In the dissertation 1st and 2nd orde algorithms in rectangular form for real-time overload corrective control are developed. The best way to deal with constraints on the control variables is pointed out. The algorithms use sensitivity analysis among the many system variables and, searching for the best formulation, the results using several test-systems are compared with each other and with those obtained with the equations in polar form.
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Kutahyalioglu, Aysen. "Oscillation Of Second Order Dynamic Equations On Time Scales." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605380/index.pdf.
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During the last decade, the use of time scales as a means of unifying and
extending results about various types of dynamic equations has proven to be
both prolific and fruitful. Many classical results from the theories of differential
and difference equations have time scale analogues.
In this thesis we derive new oscillation criteria for second order dynamic equations
on time scales.
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Deere, Matthew. "Guided wave evaluation of pipes using the first and second order torsional wave mode." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15307.
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Guided wave inspection is a form of ultrasonic testing used for non-destructive testing (NDT). Guided waves are capable of propagating long distances bounded by the geometries of the specimen, such as pipes and plates. The technique is commercially used to detect defects in pipelines and is capable of a full volumetric screening many metres (often up to around 100m) from one location. Fundamental axisymmetric wave modes are used to inspect pipelines and are used to quantify defects and features. However, as the technology has progressed, a demand for improving defect sensitivity, spatial resolution and developing the technology into new fields has been recognised. Operating at medium range frequencies is one possibility that could provide the increase in defect sensitivity and spatial resolution required that may not be achieved at low range frequencies. The use of higher order wave modes could also provide additional information useful for defect sizing. Guided wave inspection is a complex ultrasonic technique due to the many wave modes that exist and testing at medium range frequencies requires some challenges to be overcome. The research presented here investigates the potential of using the second order torsional wave mode at medium range frequencies and provides a new sizing technique that for some applications is likely to offer advancement in guided wave inspection and monitoring. The approach firstly included the design and implementation of a setup for analysing the complex signal responses in order to access the higher order torsional wave mode T(0,2) for defect sizing. An efficient method of using FEA has been presented using segmented models to provide the capability of analysing defects with small increment changes that could not be achieved using a full 3D model of the pipe. Using a pipe segment to virtually represent the full pipe also allowed small changes in defect size to be investigated, which would otherwise be extremely difficult to accurately machine experimentally. The FEA modelling technique is also based on broadband signals in comparison to the conventional approach of using narrowband signals and is capable of obtaining a wide frequency spectrum from one model, which significantly reduces the number of models needed to conduct a frequency analysis. Following on from this work, a high density transducer array was developed and compared against a conventional transducer array used in guided wave inspection for the purpose of medium range frequency inspection, which can also be applied to conventional low range frequency inspection. Finally, a new defect sizing method using T(0,2) is presented, which is capable of predicting the depth using peak amplitude responses from spectral analysis and by comparing this to the cut-off frequency of the remaining wall thickness of the defect. The technique has the potential to improve defect sizing, defect sensitivity, increase spatial resolution, and increase the performance of medium range inspection.
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Zhang, Lin. "Large-Scale Simulations Using First and Second Order Adjoints with Applications in Data Assimilation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33727.
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In large-scale air quality simulations we are interested in the influence factors which cause changes of pollutants, and optimization methods which improve forecasts. The solutions to these problems can be achieved by incorporating adjoint models, which are efficient in computing the derivatives of a functional with respect to a large number of model parameters. In this research we employ first order adjoints in air quality simulations. Moreover, we explore theoretically the computation of second order adjoints for chemical transport models, and illustrate their feasibility in several aspects.
We apply first order adjoints to sensitivity analysis and data assimilation.
Through sensitivity analysis, we can discover the area that has the largest influence on changes of ozone concentrations at a receptor. For data assimilation with optimization methods which use first order adjoints, we assess their performance under different scenarios. The results indicate that the L-BFGS method is the most efficient.
Compared with first order adjoints, second order adjoints have not been used to date in air quality simulation. To explore their utility, we show the construction of second order adjoints for chemical transport models and demonstrate several applications including sensitivity analysis, optimization, uncertainty quantification, and Hessian singular vectors. Since second order adjoints provide second order information in the form of Hessian-vector product instead of the entire Hessian matrix, it is possible to implement applications for large-scale models which require second order derivatives. Finally, we conclude that second order adjoints for chemical transport models are computationally feasible and effective.<br>Master of Science
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Morse, Chandler. "The Response of First and Second Order Streams to Urban Land-Use in Maine, U.S.A." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MorseCC2001.pdf.
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Roberts, Richenda M. "'Art of a second order' : the First World War from the British home front perspective." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4008/.
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Little art-historical scholarship has been dedicated to fine art responding to the British home front during the First World War. Within pre-war British society concepts of sexual difference functioned to promote masculine authority. Nevertheless in Britain during wartime enlarged female employment alongside the presence of injured servicemen suggested feminine authority and masculine weakness, thereby temporarily destabilizing pre-war values. Adopting a socio-historical perspective, this thesis argues that artworks engaging with the home front have been largely excluded from art history because of partiality shown towards masculine authority within the matrices of British society. Furthermore, this situation has been supported by the writing of art history, which has, arguably, followed similar premise. This study will demonstrate that engagement with the home front inevitably meant that artists’ work could be interpreted as supporting different values to the pre-war period. However, the reintegration of ex-servicemen after the war resulted in the promotion of the wartime ordeal of male combatants. Not only did this restore the pre-war position of men, it inspired canonical values for British First World War art to uphold masculine authority. Consequently much art engaging with the home front has been deemed antithetical to established canonical values and written-out of art history.
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Wong, Ho-ting, and 黃浩霆. "Hand-written Chinese character recognition by first and second order Hidden Markov Models and radical modeling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B27770862.
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Lau, S. M. "3D hydrodynamic analysis of first and second order forces on free floating structures with forward speed." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378314.
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McWilliam, S. "Response statistics under the action of first and second order wave forces and wind gust loading." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240898.
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Andrews, Benjamin James. "Assessing first- and second-order equity for the common-item nonequivalent groups design using multidimensional IRT." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1196.
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The equity properties can be used to assess the quality of an equating. The degree to which expected scores conditional on ability are similar between test forms is referred to as first-order equity. Second-order equity is the degree to which conditional standard errors of measurement are similar between test forms after equating. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the use of a multidimensional IRT framework for assessing first- and second-order equity of mixed format tests.
Both real and simulated data were used for assessing the equity properties for mixed-format tests. Using real data from three Advanced Placement (AP) exams, five different equating methods were compared in their preservation of first- and second-order equity. Frequency estimation, chained equipercentile, unidimensional IRT true score, unidimensional IRT observed score, and multidimensional IRT observed score equating methods were used. Both a unidimensional IRT framework and a multidimensional IRT framework were used to assess the equity properties. Two simulation studies were also conducted. The first investigated the accuracy of expected scores and conditional standard errors of measurement as tests became increasingly multidimensional using both a unidimensional IRT framework and multidimensional IRT framework. In the second simulation study, the five different equating methods were compared in their ability to preserve first- and second-order equity as tests became more multidimensional and as differences in group ability increased.
Results from the real data analyses indicated that the performance of the equating methods based on first- and second-order equity varied depending on which framework was used to assess equity and which test was used. Some tests showed similar preservation of equity for both frameworks while others differed greatly in their assessment of equity. Results from the first simulation study showed that estimates of expected scores had lower mean squared error values when the unidimensional framework was used compared to when the multidimensional framework was used when the correlation between abilities was high. The multidimensional IRT framework had lower mean squared error values for conditional standard errors of measurement when the correlation between abilities was less than .95. In the second simulation study, chained equating performed better than frequency estimation for first-order equity. Frequency estimation better preserved second-order equity compared to the chained method. As tests became more multidimensional or as group differences increased, the multidimensional IRT observed score equating method tended to perform better than the other methods.
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YAMAMOTO, Kazukiyo, 一清 山本, Hiroyuki TAKIGUCHI, and 博之 瀧口. "Foliage area distribution within a first-order branch in Cryptomeria japonica." 名古屋大学農学部付属演習林, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8512.
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Thye, Melissa D. "Assessing the Second Born: The Role of Competitiveness and Extrinsic Motivation in Birth Order." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1565.
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Birth order may represent one of the most influential environmental factors that directly impacts personality development and even life outcomes. The present study sought to expand upon the existing literature by examining the motivational and dispositional differences between first born and second born individuals. Research indicates that first born children show significantly higher levels of academic achievement and lifelong attainment due to experiencing higher parental expectations as well as increased financial support. As a result, the second born child is likely to compare him/herself with the first born sibling and develop a greater level of competitiveness. Additionally, this desire to surpass the first born may lead to the development of extrinsically motivated goals. Few research endeavors to date have explored the specific motivational disposition of the second born child with no future siblings. By engaging in this research, a better understanding of the complex interaction between siblings can be ascertained as well as a deeper appreciation for how the familial environment impacts development. Such information can be applied to the educational setting to develop programs more rewarding and salient to second-born individuals, thus increasing their level of academic achievement.
Seventy-two male and female participants took part in the present experiment. Research validated scales were used to assess overall competitiveness in addition to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. A paired-t test was used to evaluate the data and compare the differences between the two groups. Although the results do not support the hypotheses, there were a number of limitations that may have served to restrict the scope of the data. The theoretical implications of the results and suggestions for future research will be discussed.<br>B.S.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Psychology
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Bertone, Armando. "Static and dynamic motion aftereffects of first- and second-order motion in central and peripheral fields of vision." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ39441.pdf.
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Alamry, Ali. "Grammatical Gender Processing in Standard Arabic as a First and a Second Language." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39965.
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The present dissertation investigates grammatical gender representation and processing in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) as a first (L1) and a second (L2) language. It mainly examines whether L2 can process gender agreement in a native-like manner, and the extent to which L2 processing is influenced by the properties of the L2 speakers’ L1. Additionally, it examines whether L2 gender agreement processing is influenced by noun animacy (animate and inanimate) and word order (verb-subject and subject-verb). A series of experiments using both online and offline techniques were conducted to address these questions. In all of the experiments, gender agreement between verb and nouns was examined. The first series of experiments examined native speakers of MSA (n=49) using a self-paced reading task (SPR), an event-related potential (ERP) experiment, and a grammaticality judgment (GJ) task. Results of these experiments revealed that native speakers were sensitive to grammatical violations. Native speakers showed longer reaction times (RT) in the SPR task, and a P600 effect in the ERP, in responses to sentences with mismatched gender agreement as compared to sentences with matched gender agreement. They also performed at ceiling in the GJ task. The second series of experiments examined L2 speakers of MSA (n=74) using an SPR task, and a GJ task. Both experiments included adult L2 speakers whom were divided into two subgroups, -Gender and +Gender, based on whether or not their L1s has a grammatical gender system. The results of both experiments revealed that both groups were sensitive to gender agreement violations. The L2 speakers showed longer RTs, in the SPR task, in responses to sentences with mismatched gender agreement as compared to sentences with matched gender agreement. No difference was found between the L2 groups in this task. The L2 speakers also performed well in the GJ task, as they were able to correctly identify the grammatical and ungrammatical sentences. Interestingly in this task, the -Gender group outperformed +Gender group, which could be due to proficiency in the L2 as the former group obtained a better score on the proficiency task, or it could be that +Gender group showed negative transfer from their L1s. Based on the results of these two experiments, this dissertation argues that late L2 speakers are not restricted to their L1 grammar, and thus, they are able to acquire gender agreement system of their L2 even if this feature is not instantiated in their L1. The results provide converging evidence for the FTFA rather than FFFH model, as it appears that the -Gender group was able to reset their L1 gender parameter according to the L2 gender values. Although the L2 speakers were advanced, they showed slower RTs than the native speakers in the SPR task, and lower accuracy in the GJT. However, it is possible that they are still in the process of acquiring gender agreement of MSA and have not reached their final stage of acquisition. This is supported by the fact that some L2 speakers from both -Gender and +Gender groups performed as well as native speakers in both SPR and GJ tasks. Regarding the effect of animacy, the L2 speakers had slower RT and lower accuracy on sentences with inanimate nouns than on those with animate ones, which is in line with previous L2 studies (Anton-Medez, 1999; Alarcón, 2009; Gelin, & Bugaiska, 2014). The native speakers, on the other hand, showed no effect of animacy in both SPR task and GJT. Further, no N400 effect was observed as a result of semantic gender agreement violations in the ERP experiment. Finally, the results revealed a potential effect of word order. Both the native and L2 speakers showed longer RTs on VS word order than SV word order in the SPR task. Further the native speakers showed earlier and greater P600 effect on VS word order than SV word order in the ERP. This result suggests that processing gender agreement violation is more complex in the VS word order than in the SV word order due to the inherent asymmetry in the subject-verb agreement system in the two-word orders in MSA.
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Sullivan, Philip A. "Theory guided design and molecular engineering of organic materials for enhanced second-order nonlinear optical properties /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11569.
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Beer, Jeremy Michael. "The influence of rearing order on personality : data from biological and adoptive siblings /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Naftali, Eran 1971. "First order bias and second order variance of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator with application to multivariate Gaussian data and time delay and Doppler shift estimation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88334.
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Miller, Brian Wade. ""I no longer teach history, I teach S.O.Ls:" Navigating the curricular and instructional minefield of a high-stakes educational environment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86211.
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Over the last several decades, the field of education has the seen the introduction and normalization of high-stakes standardized testing as part of the educational routine. With this introduction, questions concerning how these standardized tests have altered the educational landscape for teachers remain. 'Teaching to the test' has become a household phrase, one that can have both positive and negative undertones.
To better understand how teachers negotiate the influences over their curricular and instructional decisions requires the studying of both their planning and implementation processes as well as how they interact with the official curriculum. Guiding this investigation are two comprehensive questions. How does a veteran teacher's understanding of historical significance impact how they ascribe value to the purpose, nature and utility of history as a school discipline over time and space? How tightly aligned are a veteran teacher's conceptions and perceptions of the purpose, nature and utility of history as a school subject with their observed pedagogical practices? This study sought to investigate the various influences over a teachers' curricular and instructional decision-making by building on previous research. Through interviews, surveys, classroom observations, and collecting documents, I was able to capture the planning and implementation routines of a veteran teacher. Through these methods, it was discovered that the multitude of influences were much more fluid and intertwined than first thought. This study sheds light on the web of influences teachers have to operate in on a daily basis.<br>Ph. D.<br>Over the last several decades, the field of education has the seen the introduction and normalization of high-stakes standardized testing as part of the educational routine. With this introduction, questions concerning how these standardized tests have altered the educational landscape for teachers remain. “Teaching to the test” has become a household phrase, one that can have both positive and negative undertones. In an attempt to better understand how teachers determine what is important enough to teach, this study investigates the planning and implementation processes of a veteran teacher. More specifically, this study sought to investigate the various influences over a teachers’ curricular and instructional decision-making by building on previous research. Within a high-stakes testing environment, is it as simple as “teaching to the test?” Through interviews, surveys, classroom observations, and collecting documents, I was able to capture the planning and implementation routines of a veteran teacher. Through these methods, it was discovered that the multitude of influences were much more fluid and intertwined than first thought. This study sheds light on the web of influences teachers have to operate in on a daily basis.
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Sandalphon. "A novel technique for simultaneously determining the first-, second-, and third-order optical molecular coefficients for nonlinear optical chromophores." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288730.
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The recent discovery of photorefractive polymer composites with near 100% four-wave-mixing diffraction efficiency and high net optical gain by the author and coworkers at the University of Arizona has forwarded the advances of using organic materials to fabricate nonlinear optical devices. Nonlinear optical chromophores provide the optical properties for these new materials. Since there are thousands of molecules that are potential candidates to yield high performance nonlinear optical materials, a technique to quickly characterize the optical properties of these molecules is clearly needed. We have developed a frequency-dependent ellipsometric technique that simultaneously determines the first-order (anisotropic polarizability), second-order (first-hyperpolarizability), and third-order (second-hyperpolarizability) optical molecular coefficients of the chromophore. In this dissertation we will discuss the physics of these high performance nonlinear optical organic materials, and the characterization of their unique properties, leading to the development of our frequency-dependent ellipsometric technique. The technique itself will be discussed in detail, with an analysis of the molecules that are best suited for this type of measurement scheme, and a discussion of the limitations of this technique. Experimental data will be presented for a typical high performance nonlinear optical chromophore 4-(4'-nitrophenylazo)-1,3-di((3''- or 4''-vinyl)benzyloxy)benzene (NPADVBB).
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Chan, Hoi Sang. "A three-dimensional technique for predicting first-and second-order hydrodynamic forces on a marine vehicle advancing in waves." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1490/.
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This thesis presents theoretical formulations and numerical computations for predicting first- and second-order hydrodynamic forces on a marine vehicle advancing in waves. The theoretical formulation starts with the derivation of the governing equations for the boundary-value problem of potential flow and its consequence leads to linearised radiation and diffraction problems using the peturbation expansion technique. Solutions of these two problems are obtained by solving the three-dimensional Green function integral equations over the mean wetted body surface. The forward speed free surface Green function representing a translating pulsating source potential for infinite water depth and finite water depth is derived using double Fourier transformation technique. This source potential reduces to an oscillating source at zero speed or to a Kelvin source at zero frequency. In order to solve the three-dimensional Green function integral equations efficiently, symmetry properties of the Green function and the body surface are exploited in the numerical implementation. Using a fully submerged ellipsoid and a half-submerged ellipsoid as examples, the free surface and forward speed effects on hydrodynamic coefficients are investigated. Their cross coupled hydrodynamic coefficients calculated by the present theory satisfy with Timman-Newman relationships. Numerical results for the first-order hydrodynamic coefficients, the wave excitation loads and the resulting motion responses of surface ships are presented. For zero speed case excellent correlations between the calculated and experimental results are found. For the forward speed case, the three-dimensional translating pulsating source modelling and three-dimensional oscillating source modelling with simple speed corrections on the linearised body boundary condition for pitch and yaw motions are used for a realistic ship. When the calculated results are compared with available experimental data, the three-dimensional translating pulsating source, modelling gives better correlations than the three-dimensional oscillating source modelling. Based on the first-order solutions, the mean second-order forces and moments are obtained by direct integrating second-order pressures over the mean wetted body surface. Using zero speed horizontal drifting forces and mean yaw moment as examples, the predictions of the mean second-order forces and moments are compared with available experimental results and found good agreement. For forward speed case the numerical computations for the added resistances of surface ships in head waves are performed by the three-dimensional translating pulsating source modelling and three-dimensional oscillating source modelling. The performance of the former is much better than the latter in comparison with available experimental results. It is found that the successful prediction of the peak of the added resistance is critically dependent upon the motion response results, especially in pitch. Effects of ship heading, forward speed, water depth on the first-order and second-order hydrodynamic forces are investigated.
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Kurtz, Michael J. "Of Course a Handgun Can Take Down A Helicopter: Cultivation Effects of Military-Style Video Games." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1336590515.
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Algadey, Tarig. "Investigation of Negative Refractive Index in Isotropic Chiral Metamaterials Under First and Second-Order Material Dispersion With and Without Conductive Loss." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1460819619.
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Long, Kelsey B., Kelsey C. Rookstool, Lauren P. Driggers-Jones, and Wallace Jr Dixon. "Effects of Birth Order on Temperament and Language." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/210.
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Previous research has shown temperament to be stable throughout development and this effect remains when controlling for infant birth order. However, to our knowledge, there have been no investigations examining the direct relationship between temperament characteristics and birth order within the family. Because infant temperament has been shown to be related to maternal stress during pregnancy it stands to reason that mothers caring for multiple children while pregnant will experience more stress, and thus affect the temperament of their gestating offspring. Therefore, the first aim of the present investigation was to evaluate whether birth order was associated with infant temperament. Additionally, research has shown relationships between birth order and language; with second born children showing a significant advancement of language skills compared to first born children. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between birth order and gestural abilities. Because gestural abilities significantly predict language development, it stands to reason that birth order should also affect the gestural abilities of infants. Thus, the second aim of the current project was to evaluate the relationship between birth order and gestural abilities. Eighty-three children visited the lab at M = 15.45 months. Caregivers completed the Infant Behavioral Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R), the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory:Words and Gestures (MCDI-WG), and a demographic questionnaire concerning family size and birth order. In line with our first aim, we evaluated correlations between infant temperament and birth order. These analyses revealed a significant relationship between the temperamental superdimension of negative affectivity; specifically, the subdimension of sadness was the main factor driving the relationship between birth order and temperament. Next, to investigate whether birth order was related to gestural abilities, we analyzed correlations between birth order and the MCDI-WG categories of performing actions with objects, as well as imitation. This analysis revealed significant associations between birth order and both gestural categories. While these results were in line with our expectations, they remain to be supported by replication. However, should these results withstand tests of replication, they suggest interesting findings for both temperament and language research. First, these results suggest that later born children are at risk for a difficult temperament; however, the specific cause of this relationship is unknown, but could include prenatal stress, or stress during infancy such as less time spent with caregivers. Secondly, these results suggest that later born children are at a particular advantage. This advantage may be due to the fact that later born children, by virtue of their larger families, have a greater number of exemplars from which to learn gestures through observation.
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Gibson, Sara Nichols. "Oxidation of pharmaceuticals and personal products by permanganate." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33870.
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Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are widely used, resulting in trace amounts being detected in the aquatic environment. This presence is of human health and ecological concern and it is necessary to determine the best methods to eliminate them from our waters. The oxidation of PPCPs by permanganate was evaluated using a spectrophotometer to monitor permanganate reduction. Thirty-nine compounds were chosen to represent numerous classifications, including beta blockers, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenol structures, polypeptides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and triazines. The reactivity of each compound was determined by measuring the absorbance of permanganate over time as it reacted with an excess of the compound. The absorbance data was fit to a pseudo-first-order reaction model that accounted for the growth of manganese dioxide colloids. The most reactive groups that reduced permanganate within minutes at pH 7.0 were the cephalosporins, phenol structures, and tetracyclines. The majority of the remaining pharmaceuticals and personal care products were moderately or weakly reactive (reducing permanganate within hours). Caffeine, carbadox, monensin, simetone, and tri(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine were poorly reactive (reducing permanganate over days). Metoprolol was the only selected compound that was determined to be potentially non-reactive (no reaction after 1 day). Polarizability and refractive index of the organic compounds showed significant positive correlations (R-squared > 0.50) with the first-order reaction rates for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the phenol structures group. The half-life of each PPCP was determined based on a typical dosage of permanganate used for pre-oxidation. Eleven of the thirty-nine PPCPs had a half-life of less than thirty minutes (a typical contact time), indicating that oxidation by permanganate may be a viable option. There are many opportunities for further research in this area, including investigating more PPCPs, physicochemical property correlations, and the impact of water quality conditions
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Christensen, Torben. "Interdisciplinarity and self-reflection in civic education." University of Southern Denmark, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27405.
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Focus of interest in this article are the concepts of globalization and civic citizenship and the questions are; what is required to be a global citizen, and how to work with this in civic education. The concept of civic citizenship implies democracy. A citizen is an independent and (to some extent) educated decision maker and actor, not a mere subject loyal to the sovereign. So whenever speaking of a global citizen democracy is implied. But the world is not a democratic place as such. Most of it in fact is quite undemocratic. The question therefore is how it is possible to act as a citizen (as a democrat) in global space. The article argues that this will only be possibly if citizens are capable of dealing with complex societal problems and to understand their own role as citizens (democrats) in relation to these problems. The argument is firstly that problems and issues in global space are complex and can only be understood interdisciplinary. Therefore the ability to reflect problems interdisciplinary is crucial to the global citizen. The second argument is that the ability of self-reflection is necessary for citizens in their efforts to understand, maintain and develop their own (democratic) identity and (democratic) values and practices in relation to the complexity and unfamiliarity of the various non-democratic identities, values and practices in a global space. Therefore it is suggested that students in civic education need to develop competencies of reflection on interdisciplinarity and self-reflection-as-citizen as key tools for analyzing societal problems and to act democratically on them. And it is suggested that dealing with interdisciplinarity requires use of second order concepts and that self-reflection as citizens requires third order concepts
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Hemphill, Patrick A. "Intensity Auto- and Cross-Correlations and Other Properties of a 85Rb Atom Coupled to a Driven, Damped Two-Mode Optical Cavity." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1248371234.
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Conrad, Richard C. "Comparison of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a first- and second-order stream in Wilber Wright State Fish and Wildlife Area, Henry County, Indiana in 2000." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1273262.
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Macroinvertebrate assemblages were semi-quantitatively sampled from the Little Blue River and an isolated headwater stream in Wilbur Wright Fish and Wildlife Area from March through November of 2000. Physicochemical conditions and qualitative habitat characteristics were recorded at each site. Each stream contained unique community assemblages based on taxa richness, composition, functional feeding groups, behavioral groups, reproductive habits, and drought tolerance/avoidance. Collections from the first-order stream contained fewer taxa and a greater proportion of non-insects and tolerant taxa than those from the Little Blue River. Taxa from the Little Blue River were adapted for filtering/collecting and for swimming or clinging, while taxa from the first-order stream were primarily gathering/collecting and swimming or sprawling. The proportion of taxa with adaptations for drought resistance or avoidance was significantly higher in the first-order stream than in the Little Blue River (p<0.001).<br>Department of Biology
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Montaguti, Sofia. "A Mirror on the World : Roman Architecture in Tergeste in the First and Second Centuries AD and the Reproduction of Social Order and Identity." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385916.
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This thesis will investigate how Roman monumental architecture in Tergeste dating to the first and second centuries AD reflected and reaffirmed the social order of the city, and how it was used in the creation and maintenance of identities. The material used will be two select structures, the basilica and theater, located in the eastern and north-eastern sections of Tergeste, respectively. By using theories of social architecture, agency, identity, and compounding them with the ideology of Roman urbanism, focus will be placed on how movement within a structure and the occupation of its different locales influenced the adoption of particular roles and self-conceptions. A number of statues and dedicatory inscriptions associated with the architectural structures will serve to further corroborate these points, and to add information about whether a specific type of identity was favored above others in the city. The results will provide a first overview of how architecture responded to the social reality in Roman Tergeste, in the hope to encourage further research in this direction.