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1
Finsterbusch, Karin. "Vom Opfer zur Auslösung. Analyse ausgewählter Texte zum Thema Erstgeburt im Alten Testament." Vetus Testamentum 56, no. 1 (2006): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853306775465162.
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AbstractIn the present study the relevant texts in the Hebrew Bible concerning sacrifice or redemption of the first born of humans and animals are considered in detail. The most important findings are the following: 1. An Israelite could understand the instructions in Ex. xxii 28f. to mean that he should sacrifice his first-born child to JHWH. 2. Ez. xx 25f. describes such first-born sacrifices for JHWH as practised. Therefore it cannot be ruled out that in early Israel at a particular time such a sacrificial practice could indeed have occurred. 3. In the laws of the first-born in the Book of Covenant, in the Dodecalogue and in the original layer of Num. xviii 15-18 (P) the corresponding terms bekôr and peter rekhem refer to the male and female first-born of human and animal. The regulation in Deut. xv, to consecrate only the male first-born clean animals to JHWH and to consume them in JHWH's presence during the Feast, is connected with a clearly farmer-friendly tendency of the deuteronomic law-maker. Apart from that a limitation to the male first-born prevails only in the later post-exilic period. According to the note in Num. xviii 16, the redemption of the human first-born applies only to male children; according to the law of the first-born in Exod. xiii only the male first-born of human and animal (of female Israelites and animals) are affected.
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Zimmerman, Esther. "The God of the Child: Encouraging Children’s Spiritual Development During Times of Trauma." Theological Reflections: Eastern European Journal of Theology 21, no. 2 (2023): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.29357/2789-1577.2023.21.2.6.
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Children are born as spiritual beings, created for relationship with God. However, their spiritual development is shaped by many factors — including their experience of trauma. Sadly, since ancient times, many children have experienced significant trauma and the Bible deals with this topic openly and honestly. This article presents an overview of how trauma may impact children’s overall development and especially their spiritual development. While many of these impacts may be negative, the Bible also offers significant hope for children growing up in the midst of trauma. This article will also suggest practical ways that Christian parents and ministry leaders can seek to join children on the spiritual journey during times of trauma.
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Zimmerman, Esther. "The God of the Child: Encouraging Children’s Spiritual Development During Times of Trauma." Theological Reflections: Eastern European Journal of Theology 21, no. 2 (2023): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29357/2789-1577.2023.21.2.5.
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Children are born as spiritual beings, created for relationship with God. However, their spiritual development is shaped by many factors — including their experience of trauma. Sadly, since ancient times, many children have experienced significant trauma and the Bible deals with this topic openly and honestly. This article presents an overview of how trauma may impact children’s overall development and especially their spiritual development. While many of these impacts may be negative, the Bible also offers significant hope for children growing up in the midst of trauma. This article will also suggest practical ways that Christian parents and ministry leaders can seek to join children on the spiritual journey during times of trauma.
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Loue, Sana. "Parentally Mandated Religious Healing for Children: A Therapeutic Justice Approach." Journal of Law and Religion 27, no. 2 (2012): 397–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400000436.
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Significant controversy surrounds individuals' reliance on religious healing approaches to the treatment of illness, particularly when such efforts focus on the provision of care for children. These approaches, rooted in organized religions and their theologies, encompass a wide range of practices, ranging from prayer, meditation, and the laying on of hands, to exorcism, speaking in tongues, Spiritism, shamanic intervention, and various rituals of Santería. Numerous faith communities espouse one or more forms of religious healing while discouraging reliance on conventional medical treatments: These communities include the Christian Science Church, the Church of the First Born, End Time Ministries, Faith Tabernacle, Followers of Christ Church, Bible Believers' Fellowship, Christ Assembly, Christ Miracle Healing Center, Church of God Chapel, Church of God of the Union Assembly, Holiness Church, Jesus Through Jon and Judy, “No Name” Fellowship, Northeast Kingdom Community Church, and The Source.Others, such as the Assemblies of God, have moved away from an exclusive reliance on religious healing practices to a more holistic approach that combines religious-healing with at least some aspects of biomedicine. For many of these listed groups, health and illness represent the physical manifestation of moral concerns relating to salvation, which can only be addressed through religious healing.
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Smołucha, Janusz. "Introduction." Rocznik Filozoficzny Ignatianum 29, no. 2 (2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/rfi.2023.2902.2.
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The current issue of the journal includes eleven articles. It opens with an argument by Jerzy Brzozowski on the question of the theoretical and practical legitimacy of the use of modern, and, in fact, colloquial language in the translation of the Holy Scriptures. Referring to the example of the Paulian Bible, which was intended to be characterized by language understandable to the modern reader, the author notes that only ostensibly “modern language” was used. Moreover, full phrases from the Millennium Bible were borrowed in many places. Then follows a discussion by Nicholas Coureas based on Venetian and Genoese notarial deeds drawn up in Cyprus between 1362 and 1458, on the relationships between household slaves or servants and their owners. It turns out that they were very often supported by wills containing bequests for the benefit of slave women and illegitimate children born of these relationships.
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POLEG, EYAL. "The First Bible Printed in England: A Little Known Witness from Late Henrician England." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 67, no. 4 (2016): 760–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046916000658.
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The first Bible to be printed in England was produced in 1535 by the royal printer, and with Henry VIII's initial support. It has attracted little scholarly attention. This first extensive examination traces its creation and early reception as witness to the uncertain course of the English Reformation. Its origins reveal a dependency on continental models, which were then modified to create a book carefully placed between conservatism and reform. Priests, scholars, children and crooks left their marks on the Bible, and advanced digital technology exposes unique evidence for the merging of Latin and English in late Henrician liturgy.
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Martens, John W. "Are Enslaved Children Called to Come to Jesus? Freeborn and Enslaved Children in John Chrysostom’s On Vainglory." Biblical Interpretation 28, no. 5 (2020): 584–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-2805a004.
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Abstract John Chrysostom, circa 349–407 ce, wrote “On Vainglory, or The Right Way to Raise Children,” which purports to be about raising all Christian children. In fact, out of ninety chapters, only one deals with girls. Even more significant are the numerous overlooked children in the text, who are present but whose Christian education is never discussed because they are enslaved. This paper utilizes childist criticism to draw these enslaved children from hiddenness into plain sight. The paper is situated in the context of Jesus’ teaching about children because Chrysostom believes that the best way to raise children is by teaching them stories from the Bible, Hebrew Bible first, then New Testament, but instead of an openness to all children he discusses only freeborn, elite boys. Chrysostom’s treatise exposes the context of how few children in late antiquity could be shaped by biblical interpretation intended for all children. (147 words)
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Wahyu, Dadan, Rudolf Sagala, Stimson Hutagalung, and Rolyana Fernia. "Kajian Praktis Tentang Pola Asuh Orang Tua dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Alkitab Anak Berdasarkan Amsal 22:6." Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen (JUPAK) 2, no. 1 (2021): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52489/jupak.v2i1.60.
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The objectives of this study are, first, to provide an explanation of the importance of parenting. Second, Provide guidance to parents in building spiritual children based on the book of Proverbs 22:6. The method that the researcher uses is a qualitative method with a grounded theory approach. Data collection techniques used: the Bible, books, official sources from the internet, and other articles related to the writing of this scientific article. The results of this study are, first, good parenting will encourage children to have an interest in reading the Bible regularly until their old age. Second, so that parents can understand properly and correctly the meaning of the advice written in the book of Proverbs 22:6 in raising their children. That is why parents and the Church from the beginning have played a role in the protection and maintenance of their lives, so that they know the way of truth through God's word every day, so that they become strong individuals in the future, strong in their faith, and fearing God to make life a blessing or meaning to others.
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Garne, Ester, Joachim Tan, Mads Damkjaer, et al. "Hospital Length of Stay and Surgery among European Children with Rare Structural Congenital Anomalies—A Population-Based Data Linkage Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (2023): 4387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054387.
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Little is known about morbidity for children with rare structural congenital anomalies. This European, population-based data-linkage cohort study analysed data on hospitalisations and surgical procedures for 5948 children born 1995–2014 with 18 rare structural congenital anomalies from nine EUROCAT registries in five countries. In the first year of life, the median length of stay (LOS) ranged from 3.5 days (anotia) to 53.8 days (atresia of bile ducts). Generally, children with gastrointestinal anomalies, bladder anomalies and Prune-Belly had the longest LOS. At ages 1–4, the median LOS per year was ≤3 days for most anomalies. The proportion of children having surgery before age 5 years ranged from 40% to 100%. The median number of surgical procedures for those under 5 years was two or more for 14 of the 18 anomalies and the highest for children with Prune-Belly at 7.4 (95% CI 2.5–12.3). The median age at first surgery for children with atresia of bile ducts was 8.4 weeks (95% CI 7.6–9.2) which is older than international recommendations. Results from the subset of registries with data up to 10 years of age showed that the need for hospitalisations and surgery continued. The burden of disease in early childhood is high for children with rare structural congenital anomalies.
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Tubagus, Steven. "Kajian Teologis Tentang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Dalam Alkitab." Apostolos: Journal of Theology and Christian Education 3, no. 1 (2023): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52960/a.v3i1.192.
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The background of the problem is the lack of enthusiasm in early childhood and the lack of parental ability in accompanying early childhood into bad habits and also the lack of God's word to early childhood so that mistakes occur in bad behavior, for example shouting, cursing, like hitting, not wanting to worship, and likes to fight parents. Theological Study of Early Childhood Education in the Bible. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Theological Study of Early Childhood Education in the Bible. By analyzing the text in accordance with the principles of exegesis, to get the meaning and results contained in the context of the Theological Study of Early Childhood Education in the Bible The results of the descriptive analysis of the Theological Study of Early Childhood Education in the Bible are first, early childhood recognizes the Torah and celebrations holidays through parents. Second, understand religion, such as religious values, the introduction of the Lord Jesus, the procedures for worship and prayer, and the implementation of religion in life. Third, early childhood can pray, memorize, sing, and testify about Jesus. Description of Theological Study of Early Childhood Education in the Bible consists of: First, the Old Testament. Spiritual education and formation in the Old Testament world usually took place at home, in the context of worship and at court. Of course there is no education that is ready for everyone as in the present era. In general, the family context is the most central place for education and coaching. Second, the New Testament. The role of parents in building perseverance in early childhood, fathers in Christian families are expected to start introducing perseverance as early as possible since children can communicate or respond when spoken to or taught something, for example, perseverance in praying is taught to early childhood, namely praying before going to bed, wake up, and every time you want to eat. Third, Bible Analysis. Moses warned the Israelites to teach the word of God to children from an early age from every generation. How important is God's word to be an inheritance for early childhood according to the Torah, even early childhood must understand the confession of faith. God's church must do the same, which is to teach children from an early age as a new generation. The gospel is the good news of knowing the person and work of redemption of the Lord Jesus that must be taught to children from an early age from every generation.
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Naveh, Yehezkel, Lucyna Bassan, Eldad Rosenthal, et al. "Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Among the Arab Population in Israel." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 24, no. 5 (1997): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1997.tb00649.x.
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Background:Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, which constitutes a heterogeneous group of imperfectly delineated syndromes and appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive condition, has not been hitherto reported from the Middle East, in spite of the high rate of consanguineous marriage in this region.Methods:Sixteen affected children from six Israeli Arab families were evaluated over 30 years. All were born to consanguineous parents.Results:Jaundice appeared during the first 3 weeks of life in 15 babies. When first referred, 10 had hepatomegaly and nine had splenomegaly. A progression toward cirrhosis was the rule. Serum levels of conjugated bilirubin, liver enzymes, and alkaline phosphatase were raised; γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase levels were normal in all three infants in whom it was examined, but elevated in two siblings of another family at ages 2 and 3 years. No abnormal bile acids were detected in the serum and urine of patients. Histologic examination of the liver showed giant‐cell transformation, paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts, cholestasis, fibrosis, or cirrhosis. The pattern of liver pathology differed at times among affected members within the same family. Therapeutic trials with phenobarbital, cholestyramine, or ursodeoxycholic acid were ineffective. Survival of the patients was from 5 to 18 months in four families; in the other two families, three children received liver transplants, and one is awaiting liver transplantation.Conclusions:Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of infants with cholestatic jaundice of unknown etiology, especially those born to consanguineous Arab parents.
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Parker, Julie Faith, and Kristine Henriksen Garroway. "Introduction." Biblical Interpretation 28, no. 5 (2020): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-2805a001.
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Abstract This Introduction provides a framework for this special volume on Children in the Bible and Childist Interpretation. First, we acquaint unfamiliar readers with the term “childist” and the history of childist interpretation within biblical studies. We briefly outline the hallmarks of the field and explain the specific ways in which this volume moves childist interpretation forward. A paragraph on each article summarizes the overall content of the separate contributions. We conclude by offering the reasons why childist biblical interpretation matters not only for the study of children in the biblical world but for children in the modern world as well.
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Pulis, John W. "The children of Ham." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 71, no. 1-2 (1997): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002617.
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[First paragraph]Bob Marley: Songs of Freedom. RITA MARLEY, ADRIAN BOOT & CHRIS SALEWICZ (eds.). London: Bloomsbury, 1995. 288 pp. (Paper £ 14.99)Marley and Me: The Real Story. DON TAYLOR (as told to Mike Henry). Kingston: Kingston Publishers, 1994. xxxv + 226 pp. (Paper US$ 16.95)Dread Talk: The Language of Rastafari. VELMA POLLARD. Kingston: Canoe Press, 1994. x + 84 pp. (Paper J$ 150.00)Rastafari: Roots and ldeology. BARRY CHEVANNES. Syracuse NY: Syracuse University Press, 1994; Kingston: The Press - University of the West Indies, 1995. xiv + 298 pp. (Cloth US$ 34.95, Paper US$ 17.95; J$ 500.00)Seeking a myth to justify the enslavement of Africans, explorers, scholars, and others turned to the Bible, that most sacred and preeminent of Western texts, conjured-up an old biblical curse, and set it to work one more time. As Europe entered the Modern Era, Africans were reinvented as the children of Ham and were targeted for a life of servitude in the New World. Five hundred years later, black folk in Jamaica seized upon an event in Africa, re-interpreted a passage in the Revelation of John, and set in motion a project that transformed enslavement and exile into a religious movement of global proportions.1
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Ece, Kristina. "The Legacy of Hildegard Prozell." International Bulletin of Mission Research 47, no. 4 (2023): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969393231181896.
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Hildegard Prozell (1869–1948) was the first female missionary from the territory of Latvia (then the Russian Empire), who went to India to serve through Leipzig Mission. During her thirteen-year ministry there she established multiple schools for girls, was the school principal, developed zenana mission work in Mayavaram, and trained Bible women in India. Because of her ministry, a female mission support association was established in Riga, as well as mission nights and conferences. Her writing gave people back home a window to sharing the Good News to children in Eastern India.
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Manurung, Kosma. "KIAT AYAH MENGHARMONISKAN HUBUNGAN DENGAN ANAK DI ERA DIGITAL." FILADELFIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 4, no. 1 (2023): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55772/filadelfia.v4i1.87.
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The harmony of a true relationship is the dream of everyone, both those who are building relationships and those who are going to build relationships. Even fathers deep down crave a harmonious relationship with their children. Unfortunately, due to various reasons or actions that were born from a lack of understanding, the father and son's relationship was not harmonious. This article intends to offer tips that fathers can apply in harmonizing relationships with their children in the digital era. By using a qualitative narrative method and supported by literature review, it is hoped that it will be able to provide a careful and in-depth picture of narratives about the harmony of fathers and children in the Bible, the existence of children in the digital era, and father's tips in harmonizing relationships with their children. It was concluded that in order to harmonize the relationship with their children, fathers need to introduce harmony in their family, make their family an example of this harmony, make this a entrenched habit in the family, and the father becomes the main instrument in teaching and exemplifying harmony.Keharmonisan hubungan sejatinya menjadi dambaan setiap orang baik yang sedang membangun hubungan maupun yang akan membangun hubungan. Para ayah pun jauh di kedalaman hatinya mendambakan hubungan yang harmonis dengan anak-anaknya. Sayangnya karena berbagai alasan ataupun tindakan yang lahir dari kurangnya pemahaman menyebabkan hubungan ayah dan anaknya menjadi tidak harmonis. Artikel ini bermaksud menawarkan kiat yang bisa ayah terapkan dalam mengharmoniskan hubungan dengan anaknya di era digital. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif naratif dan dukungan kajian literatur diharapkan mampu memberikan gambaran yang cermat dan mendalam terkait narasi tentang keharmonisan ayah dan anak di Alkitab, keberadaan anak di era digital, serta kiat ayah dalam mengharmoniskan hubungan dengan anaknya. Disimpulkan bahwa untuk mengharmoniskan hubungan dengan anaknya maka para ayah perlu memperkenalkan keharmonisan di tengah keluarganya, menjadikan keluarganya contoh keharmonisan tersebut, menjadikan hal ini kebiasaan yang membudaya di keluarga, serta sang ayah menjadi istrumen utama dalam mengajarkan maupun mencontohkan keharmonisan.
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Manalu, Debora, and Berliana Purba. "Desain Kurikulum Sekolah Minggu Menggunakan Subject-Centered Design." Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup 6, no. 1 (2023): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.38189/jtbh.v6i1.349.
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Good teaching on Sunday School will have an impact in the future for the growth and development of the church. The teaching is given by a Sunday School teacher centered on the Word of God. By teaching God's Word to Sunday School children, they have carried out the great commission of the Lord Jesus in Mark 10:14 and Matthew 28:19-3. However, the Word that is taught must first look at the context or condition of the Sunday School child so that the Word is processed, accepted and actualized by the child in daily life. For this reason, teachers need a method in developing and delivering God's Word in the church. The method that can be used by teachers is to use the curriculum. The curriculum suggested by the author for teaching is to use the Subject Centered Design curriculum which is centered on teaching materials or the Bible. The purpose of this research is to make it easier for Sunday school children to understand the contents of the Bible, to make it easier for Sunday school children to remember the contents of the Bible, to develop teaching patterns for Sunday school teachers in compiling learning materials sourced from the Bible, to find out teaching patterns using the Subject Centered Design curriculum. Thus, the Subject Centered Design curriculum is not only used in formal education, but the curriculum also applies in churches to foster Sunday School Children.Pengajaran yang baik terhadap Sekolah Minggu akan memberikan dampak ke depannya bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gereja. Pengajaran tersebut diberikan oleh guru Sekolah Minggu yang berpusat pada Firman Tuhan. Dengan memberikan pengajaran Firman Tuhan kepada anak Sekolah Minggu sudah menjalankan amanat agung Tuhan Yesus dalam Markus 10:14 dan Matius 28:19-3. Namun Firman yang diajarkan harus melihat terlebih dahulu konteks atau kondisi anak Sekolah Minggu sehingga Firman itu diproses, diterima dan diaktualisasikan si anak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Untuk itu pengajar membutuhkan suatu metode dalam pengembangan dan penyampaian Firman Tuhan di gereja. Metode yang dapat digunakan pengajar adalah dengan menggunakan kurikulum. Kurikulum yang disarankan oleh penulis untuk melakukan pengajaran yaitu menggunakan kurikulum Subject Centered Design yang berpusat pada bahan ajar atau Alkitab. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempermudah anak Sekolah Minggu memahami isi Alkitab, untuk mempermudah anak Sekolah Minggu mengingat isi Alkitab, untuk mengembangkan pola pengajaran guru Sekolah Minggu dalam menyusun bahan pembelajaran yang bersumber dari Alkitab, untuk mengetahui pola pengajaran menggunakan kurikulum Subject Centered Design. Dengan demikian kurikulum Subject Centered Design tidak hanya digunakan dalam pendidikan formal namun kurikulum juga berlaku di gereja untuk membina Anak Sekolah Minggu.
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Alicia, Agnes, Ayu Rotama Silitonga, Agustina Bela, and Ayang Emiyati. "Utilization Of The Puppet Stage As A Method Of Contextual Evangelism To Sunday School Children Aged 5-10 Years." Journal DIDASKALIA 3, no. 2 (2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33856/didaskalia.v3i2.178.
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Children's ministry is very motivating for the church and child servants because it affects the growth of the child's faith. One of them is the ministry of evangelism. Evangelism is the message of salvation and judgment in Christ Jesus. Children aged 5 - 10 years do not usually understand and interpret themselves as "Christians" because they only follow what their parents do and do. = 'So it is necessary to teach through evangelism to these children. The question is how does a minister convey the "gospel" message to children so that it can be understood easily and what are the results of the ministry? This paper has two purposes. First, the servant understands the method or way of a servant to convey the "gospel" message simply. Second, so that children better understand the true meaning of the Bible. The research method used is qualitative by interviewing sources to examine and understand the attitudes, views, feelings and behavior of an individual or group of people and literature research to support this writing.
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Roediger, Rebecca, and Jaquelyn Fleckenstein. "Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Natural History and Current Management." Seminars in Liver Disease 41, no. 01 (2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722264.
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AbstractIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a common disorder in the second half of pregnancy characterized by pruritus and elevated serum bile acids (BAs) with spontaneous resolution after delivery. ICP carries a risk of adverse effects on the fetus which correlates with the degree of BA elevation. ICP occurs in genetically susceptible women as the reproductive hormones increase during pregnancy. Ursodeoxycholic acid is still considered the first-line treatment for ICP though it is of unproven benefit in preventing adverse effects on the fetus. Fetal complications, such as stillbirth, increase with gestational age, so preterm delivery is generally performed in cases of severe ICP, defined as BA levels above 40 μmol/L. ICP may recur in future pregnancies and is associated with an increased risk for future hepatobiliary, immune mediated, and cardiovascular diseases. Children born of mothers with ICP have normal development but may have a risk for subsequent metabolic disease.
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Nadir, Ismayilov, and Guliyev Oruj. "Creation and formation of information resources for children." Technium Social Sciences Journal 36 (October 8, 2022): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v36i1.7489.
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It should be noted that according to information obtained from written sources, the first book for children appeared in India in the 6th century BC. This didactic book tells about the moral and political conversations of a Brahmin in order to educate the ruler's son. The book, written in an entertaining style, consists of stories and fairy tales. In some sources, it is possible to find information that Confucius transcribed Chinese classics for children during that period. However, it is noted that this work has not been completed and the work remains unfinished. In the 600s AD, during the Anglo-Saxon period, monks and other scholars wrote a "textbook" for children. Aldhelm, Abbot of Malmesbury and Bishop of Sherborne, went down in history as the first person to write a textbook for children. His book De Septenario, de Metris, Enigmatibus ac Pedum Regulis contains a long essay on the meaning and use of the number seven in the Bible. Aldhelm assigned 1500 writing samples for children. He used question-and-answer form or wrote in poem form in all his manuals. Bede (673-735) used more imagination than Aldhelm. One of his most famous works was called "De Natura Rerum". Containing information on the natural sciences, history, astronomy and botany, this work has been used as an English textbook for more than three hundred years. Much of the content of Bede's works is a repetition of the scientific treatises of Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine, and others [4, p.1].
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Gabizon, Michael. "The Development of the Matrilineal Principle in Ezra, Jubilees, and Acts." Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 27, no. 2 (2017): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951820717746849.
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Most modern-day forms of Judaism determine a child's genealogical identity through the status of his/her mother. The shift from a patrilineal descent in the pre-exilic narratives of the Hebrew Bible to the matrilineal principle found in rabbinic literature has led to much speculation about its inception. Following the first exile, it is apparent that the status of mothers began to play a significant role in determining the national/ethnic identity of their children. This article explores three pre-Mishnaic texts which may testify to the early development of the matrilineal principle. First, it examines the expulsion narrative in Ezra 9.1–10.4, which recounts the removal of foreign women and their children, thereby apparently linking the status of children with their mothers. Second, it focuses on the Shechemite narrative in Jub. 30.1–26 and considers the incorporation of Molech language in the prohibition against intermarriage. In turn, this article proposes that the association between intermarriage and idolatry may be rooted in the presumption that Dinah's progeny would be Jewish, yet raised as idolaters. Finally, it argues that the author of Luke-Acts portrayed Timothy as Jewish (Acts 16.1–3) in light of his mother's status and thus was required to undergo circumcision.
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De Villiers, G. "Die huwelik as ‘instelling van God’ (met implikasies vir gay huwelike)." Verbum et Ecclesia 28, no. 1 (2007): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v28i1.98.
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This article focuses on marriage. It appears that marriage is in the first place a social cultural institution with legal implications, and not religious by nature. Concepts and practices regarding marriage change along with social and cultural movements. Regarding the twenty first century, a marked shift from patriarchy towards equality has been observed. Marriage practices have changed: the man is no longer sole breadwinner and head of the household, the woman no longer only the pleasing wife and mother to his children. Simultaneously gay relationships are becoming part of social reality. Gay couples express a wish for their relationships to be acknowledged by religious institutions. What does the Bible say? Marriage as ‘ordained’ by God has no biblical foundation, especially not according to the traditionally quoted Genesis 2:18. In the twenty first century the concepts ‘marriage, relationship, sin, sexuality and sex’ need to be revised in order to comply with the biblical demand of love.
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Simorangkir, Sri Lina Betty Lamsihar, and Andreas Marhain Sumarno. "Tinjauan Teologis Konsep Hidup Berkelimpahan dalam Perspektif Teologi Kemakmuran." Ritornera - Jurnal Teologi Pentakosta Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2021): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54403/rjtpi.v1i2.17.
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Abstract: The Bible is the word of God which teaches the truth by understanding it through comprehensive study. In following Jesus, believers must return to the correct understanding of materiality and wealth so as not to be trapped. In this study, it was found that living in abundance in the teachings of prosperity theology does not indicate that God's children must be prosperous and abundant in material things. This study uses qualitative methods with exposition and exegesis approaches. Thus, it can be concluded that the theological review of the concept of abundant life in the perspective of prosperity theology. First, it brings the congregation to understand the nature of Abundant Life in prosperity theology by looking at the background and teachings of Prosperity Theology. Furthermore, understanding in a comprehensive manner that a Bible review of several verses that are used as the basis for Abundant Life as a Prosperity Theology Teaching becomes an apologist who brings a new paradigm. And the last Bible review of abundance in a biblical perspective and educating believers' attitudes about wealth according to the Bible.
 
 Abstrak: Alkitab adalah firman Allah yang mengajarkan kebenaran dengan memahaminya melalui mempelajarinya secara konprihensif. Dalam mengikut Yesus, orang percaya harus kembali kepada pemahaman yang benar tentang materi dan kekayaan agar tidak terjebak. Dalam penelitian ini di dapatkan bahwa hidup berkelimpahan dalam ajaran teologi kemakmuran tidak menunjukkan bahwa anak Tuhan harus makmur dan berlimpah dalam materi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksposisi dan eksegesa. Demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tinjauan teologis konsep hidup berkelimpahan dalam perspektif teologi kemakmuran. Pertama membawa jemaat dapat mengerti hakikat Hidup berkelimpahan dalam teologi kemakmuran dengan melihat latar belakang berdiri dan Ajaran Teologi Kemakmuran. Selanjutnya memahami secara konfrernhensif bahwa tinjauan Alkitab tentang beberapa ayat yang dipergunakan sebagai dasar untuk Hidup Berkelimpahan Sebagai Ajaran Teologi Kemakmuran menjadi apologet yang membawa paradigma baru. Dan yang terakhir Tinjauan Alkitab tentang kelimpahan dalam perspektif Alkitab dan mengedukasi bagi Sikap orang percaya tentang kekayaan Menurut Alkitab.
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Püsök, Sarolta. "A nők teológiai képzésének első száz éve Kolozsváron." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Reformata Transylvanica 68, no. 2 (2023): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbtref.68.2.09.
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The First Hundred Years of Women’s Theological Education in Cluj-Napoca. The initial topic of the study at hand addresses the beginnings. In terms of women’s education, one of the positive effects of the Reformation is the insistence on the widespread availability of the Bible, which was inevitably followed by the eradication of illiteracy among women. Following the Reformation, another argument emerged in favour of the importance of educating women in theology: society regarded women as a key role in raising children, so in order to raise their children educated in theology, their ability to do so became a priority. The second topic addresses the direct preconditions of the theological education of women, especially the changes in the 19th-century school history, which resulted in women’s admission to universities and opening up the opportunity for them to obtain degrees in higher education. Furthermore, the study presents the past hundred years of women’s education in theology in the Protestant educational centres of Cluj-Napoca – from the first enrolment, the first ordained woman minister up to the present time. Keywords: Reformed women’s education, women in theological academic education, women as religion teachers, the ordination of women in the Protestant denominations, women in the Reformed theological education in Cluj-Napoca/Kolozsvár
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Tubagus, Steven. "Makna Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Dalam Perjanjian Baru." Apostolos: Journal of Theology and Christian Education 2, no. 2 (2022): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52960/a.v2i2.156.
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The background of the problem of knowledge crisis to parents in educating children so that mistakes occur in bad behavior towards children, for example shouting, slamming something when angry, hitting, littering, being lazy, or other bad attitudes. The Meaning of Early Childhood in the New Testament. The purpose of this paper is to describe the theological study of the meaning of early childhood education in the New Testament. By analyzing the text in accordance with the principles of exegesis, to get the meaning contained in the context of the meaning of early childhood education in the New Testament. The results of the descriptive analysis of the meaning of early childhood education in the Bible are first, children know the truth. Early childhood knows the truth, namely the word of God. Second, early childhood knows the Holy Spirit. Know the Holy Spirit as God and helper for early childhood to do the truth. Third, early childhood knows safety. Knowing salvation is knowing the sacrifice of the Lord Jesus on the cross, so that the faith of early childhood remains strong, and the heart of early childhood remains firm so that it makes children believe and believe that Jesus is the only way to heaven. The description of the meaning of early childhood education in the New Testament consists of: First. Knowing the Truth, knowing the truth about Christian values ??that must be instilled in early childhood, as early as possible from birth they are introduced to Bible teaching and knowledge of the Lord Jesus every day and continuously so that the word of God takes root and bears fruit in children . Second. know the Holy Spirit, early childhood must understand the role of the Holy Spirit as a helper in the lives of believers, so that early childhood can learn to listen to the voice of the Holy Spirit. Early childhood must also learn to follow the leading of the Holy Spirit in every action, so that children act honestly and righteously before God and others. The help of the Holy Spirit in the lives of early childhood will make the child aware of the function of the Holy Spirit as a helper. So that children will always come to God to ask for the help of the Holy Spirit. Third. Knowing Salvation, early childhood is taught to recognize the salvation carried out by Jesus who died on the cross to atone for the sins of all believers including the sins of early childhood, so that early childhood knows and understands that only through Jesus can get salvation. For the word of God in John 14:6 says I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father, except through Me.
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Yablonskaya, Olga. "Ranyard’s “Bible women” and their Programme of saving the poor." St. Tikhons' University Review 116 (February 29, 2024): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2024116.25-38.
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The article is devoted to the activities of E. Renyard and her organization «London Bible and Domestic Female Mission». The reasons for the appearance of the mission, the features and directions of activity, the importance in solving the problems of pauperism are analyzed. It is emphasized that the movement was not so much ecclesiastical as socio-economic in nature. The author notes the special role of E. Renyard. She formulated the goals, objectives, principles of the organization. Renyard shared the idea that saving the inhabitants of the slums from poverty and degradation is possible without revolutionary reorganization of society, but through the personal efforts of the poor. The conditions for improvement were familiarization with Christianity, teaching a rational vision of the economy, and moral education. To create a favorable environment for the transformation of the inhabitants of the slums, «Bible women» distributed the texts of the Holy Scriptures among them, improved their lives by teaching women how to cook, clean, needlework, economical housekeeping, selling household items on installments. The article points out that women were the main object of activity of biblical scholars because of their social vulnerability and the decisive role in maintaining family foundations and raising children. Renyard hired for the purposes of the mission believing representatives of the working classes, who knew from their own experience the needs of residents of disadvantaged areas. Work in the mission provided them with a salary, education, and contributed to an increase in social status. Particular attention is paid to the first «Bible woman» – Marian, who carried out a number of important programs to improve the lives of the poor. The organization of biblical women received the support of society, the practice spread throughout the country and the world. The author comes to the conclusion that thanks to the efforts of Renyard and her mission, thousands of paupers were able to improve their lives, get rid of vices, become respectable citizens of the country, and evangelization on other continents contributed to the spread of Christian values around the world.
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Chevelіuk, Marianna. "THE LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 191 (2020): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2020-1-191-246-249.
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In public schools, the English language has long been subordinated to the classics. The first schools for the poor focused on teaching children to read the Bible. Later, they aimed to teach them the minimum skills of reading, writing, and encryption that would suit them for modest and rewarding employment in the short term before they went to work. Spoken language plays a central role in learning. By talking to their children, parents help them find words to express their needs, feelings and experiences. With the help of language, children can turn their active reaction to the environment into a more accurate form and learn to manipulate it more economically and effectively. Schools tried to make speaking a separate subject, a conversation lesson, and a period of "news"; there were many schools where the day was played in games, accompanied by conversations between the teacher and the children, both individuals and groups, and sometimes the whole class. Traditionally, one of the first tasks of primary school was to teach children to read, because reading was the key to most learning and to the possibility of independent learning. In many primary schools, reading and writing were treated as an extension of spoken language. The children were introduced to reading the daily events and the atmosphere in the classroom. Notices of return home, letters to sick children, signs to return materials and tools to the proper place - all encouraged reading and writing. The children, together with the teachers, developed homemade books, which they then read individually or in small groups. These books helped them see the meaning of reading and understand the purpose of written writings. As for modern languages, for many years in primary schools there have been sporadic, individual and rather inconsistent attempts to teach children, almost always French. The age at which boys in independent preparatory schools started Latin and French showed that there were no fundamental difficulties in learning a second language, at least for some younger students. It was unknown whether a second language could be taught to all or most children. Typically, these experiments were dedicated to the most gifted children in the fourth year of primary school, and were conducted through the appearance among the staff of someone who was well "fluent" or "loved" the French language.
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Woźniak, Ewa, and Magdalena Gozdek. "Jakim językiem XVI-wieczni pisarze reformacyjni pisali o wychowaniu dzieci (Gliczner, Kwiatkowski, Lorichius)?" Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 25, no. 2 (2019): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2018.25.2.17.
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The article is devoted to stylistic properties of three pedagogical works that were published in Protestant circles in the 16th century Poland. The first one is the translation from Latin of the treatise written by German Protestant theologian Reinhard Lorichius titled Księgi o wychowaniu i o ćwiczeniu każdego przełożonego (1558), the second one is the Polish publication of Erazm Gliczner’s Książki o wychowaniu dzieci bardzo dobre, pożyteczne i potrzebne (1558) and the third one is the treatise written by the Italian humanist from the 14th and 15th century titled Książeczki rozkoszne a wielmi użyteczne o poćciwym wychowaniu […] dziatek (1564), translated by Marcin Kwiatkowski. The authors of the analysis recognised didacticism, vividness and erudition as the predominant stylistic features of discussed works. They proved that the 16th century books on upbringing of children had been addressed to readers of every denomination and lacked elements of religious polemics on the linguistic and stylistic level. The ideas of the Reformation can be connected mainly with popularization of the Bible, which was used as the source of exempla and sententiae in the works by Lorichius and Gliczner.
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Kristina Herawati. "Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua Kristen Terhadap Kecerdasan Emosi Anak." SCRIPTA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan Kontekstual 6, no. 2 (2020): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47154/scripta.v6i2.51.
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Pendidikan adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk dilakukan, pendidikan yang paling efektif terjadi adalah pendidikan di dalam keluarga. Oleh karena keluarga adalah tempat di mana orang tua dan anak lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu, dibanding sekolah atau gereja. Keluarga adalah satu lembaga pertama yang tercatat dalam Alkitab. Keluarga dirancang dan ditetapkan oleh Allah, jauh sebelum umat pilihan atau bangsa terpilih eksis. Tetapi kurangnya penerapan pola asuh yang benar kepada anak pada masa pra sekolah sehingga berdampak pada pembentukan karakter dan emosi yang kurang baik. Dengan demikian, orang tua yang mengerti pola asuh yang benar dan menjalankannya, akan mempengaruhi kecerdasan emosi anak. Inilah yang akan dibahas oleh penulis dengan membahas pengaruh pola asuh orang tua Kristen terhadap kecerdasan emosi anak usia 6-12 tahun.
 Education is a very important thing to do, the most effective education occurs is education in the family. Because the family is a place where parents and children spend more time, than school or church. The family is the first institution recorded in the Bible. The family was designed and established by God, long before the chosen people or chosen people existed. But the lack of proper adoption of parenting to children in pre-school has an impact on the formation of character and emotions that are not good. Thus, parents who understand the right parenting and practice it, will affect children's emotional intelligence. This is what the author will discuss by discussing the influence of parenting Christian parents on emotional intelligence of children aged 6-12 years.
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Tulle, Ferry Yefferson. "Peranan Guru Sekolah Minggu dalam Membangun Budaya Membaca dan Menulis." REDOMINATE: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani 3, no. 2 (2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.59947/redominate.v3i2.30.
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Reading and writing is the first commandment that was revealed by God to humans, It is an encouragement to mankind to read meaningful books and books of life about successful characters both in the Bible and who are currently the owners of Science (written on natural events) through reading here's gonna be know. Living in an oral culture from year to year, unable to manage a reading and writing culture. It should be realized that making a personal library at home. Has the house held many books of knowledge for children? Children who are students and students, because books are knowledge that must be added to in order to get clear water of knowledge. The tradition of reading which has now been widely practiced in the world of formal education should also be cultivated wherever and whenever. Make books a good friend, at church at school or wherever we are. every month the money is set aside to buy books to save for children, so that children do not bother when children study at school, smart children answer questions from teachers at school can excel through reading, reading and writing. AbstrakMembaca dan menulis adalah perintah pertama yang diwahyukan Tuhan kepada manusia, Merupakan anjuran kepada umat manusia untuk membaca buku – buku bermakna dan buku kehidupan tentang tokoh yang telah sukses baik dalam Alkitab maupun yang pada saat ini sang pemilik Ilmu-tertulis pada kejadian alam) lewat membaca inilah akan menjadi tahu. Hidup dalam budaya lisan dari tahun ke tahun, tidak mampu mengelola budaya membaca dan menulis. Perlu disadari bahwa membuat perpustakaan pribadi dirumah. Sudahkah rumah itu menyimpang banyak buku pengetahuan bagi anak – anak? Anak yang berstatus pelajar dan mahasiswa, sebab buku adalah ilmu yang harus terus ditimbah agar mendapatkan air jernih pengetahuan. Tradisi membaca yang kini telah banyak dilakukan di dunia pendidikan formal kiranya membaca buku juga harus dibudayakan dimanapun dan kapan. Jadikan buku sebagai teman yang baik, di gereja di sekolah atau dimana kita berada. setiap bulan dapat uang itu disisikan untuk beli buku menyimpan buat anak – anak, supaya anak – anak tidak repot saat anak – anak belajar di sekolah, anak – anak pintar menjawab pertanyaan dari guru di sekolah dapat berprestasi lewat baca membaca dan tulis menulis.
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Baskoro, Paulus Kunto, and Hardi Budiyana. "Peran Orang Tua dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen Menurut Kitab Amsal Bagi Anak Usia 7-12 Tahun." Jurnal Teologi Praktika 2, no. 2 (2021): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51465/jtp.v2i2.36.
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Family is the most comfortable palce in a chlid’s education. Because children have a lot of time in a family. Chlirdren’s education is the most important part in life in the future. Especially in Christian religious education. Parents must play an active role in educating their their children to grow spiritually in Christ. Christian regilious education for children cannot be ruled out. Some parents think that their children’s education in Christianity is not primary. As evidenced by several cases, parents are more focused on work, career, position rather than focusing on Christian religious education. Some also stated that the role of educating children could be left to the church. Trough this wiritng, the author would like to remind again how important the role of parents for Christian religious education for their children aged 7-12 years according to the Book of Provebs. This writing uses the mothed of descriptive literature. The goal is that through writing, First, to awaken every Christian parent to play an active role in Christian religious education for their children. Second, parents practice the role system of Christian religious education for children according to Bible truth. Third, children of believers experience early spiritual growth, so that their future is strong in God.Abstrak:Keluarga adalah tempat yang paling nyaman dalam sebuah pendidikan anak. Sebab anak memiliki banyak waktu dalam sebuah keluarga. Pendidikan anak merupakan bagian terpenting dalam kehidupan di masa depan. Terutama dalam pendidikan agam Kristen. Orang tua harus berperan aktif dalam mendidik anaknya untuk bertumbuh secara rohani dalam Kristus. Pendidikan agama Kristen terhadap anak, tidak bisa dikesampingkan begitu saja. Beberapa orang tua menganggap bahwa pendidikan anak pada agama Kristen adalah hal yang tidak primer. Terbukti dengan beberapa kasus yang terjadi, orang tua lebih fokus kepada pekerjaan, karir, jabatan daripada fokus kepada pendidikan agama Kristen. Beberapa juga menyatakan bahwa peran mendidik anak bisa diserahkan kepada gereja. Lewat penulisan ini, penulis mau kembali mengingatkan betapa pentingnya peran orang tua bagi pendidikan agama Kristen bagi anak-anaknya di usia 7-12 tahun menurut Kitab Amsal. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode deskritif literatur. Tujuannya supaya lewat penulisan yaitu Pertama, menyadarkan setiap orang tua Kristen untuk berperan aktif dalam pendidikan agama Kristen terhadap anak. Kedua, orang tua mempraktekkan sistem peran pendidikan agama Kristen bagi anak menurut kebenaran Alkitab. Ketiga, anak-anak orang percaya mengalami pertumbuhan rohani secara dini, sehingga masa depan mereka kuat di dalam Tuhan.
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Zendrato, Marhaenita. "TANTANGAN DAN STRATEGI PELAYANAN ANAK DI ERA PASCAMODERN." Jurnal Amanat Agung 16, no. 2 (2021): 41–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47754/jaa.v16i2.488.
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Abstract: Children ministry nowadays faces challenges both from inside and outside church. This article focuses on the external challenges, namely the postmodern influence on the paradigm of the generation Z and what the church can do to respond. Some challenges in as well as opportunities for the ministry of the generation Z include the center on technology and media, the rising of new morality that set asides the value of an absolute truth, the emphasis on experience and not only on fact, and lastly, the rejection of authority or figures with authority and the appreciation for personality that is real, authentic, and trustworthy. In the face of these challenges, this article proposes several thoughts to be considered by the church for its children ministry in current context, namely: first, including children in the common worship, together with the adult congregations, as a means of nurturing the children’s’ faith. Secondly, in preaching, the children minister needs to exercise open approach Bible study, not close one, where children are led to ponder and discover from the biblical narratives truths and values for their personal lives. Lastly, to encourage and equip both parents to regain roles that God has designed for them, to actively participate in the spiritual formation of their children.
 
 Keywords: children ministry, worldview, generation Z.
 
 
 Abstrak: Pelayanan anak dewasa ini mendapatkan tantangan baik dari dalam maupun dari luar gereja. Artikel ini secara khusus menyoroti tantangan dari luar, yaitu pengaruh pascamodernisme terhadap paradigma generasi Z dan apa yang dapat gereja lakukan dalam meresponinya. Beberapa tantangan yang sekaligus dapat menjadi peluang bagi pelayanan kepada generasi Z adalah: adanya pemusatan pada teknologi dan media, munculnya moralitas baru yang menggeser nilai kebenaran absolut, penekanan pada pengalaman dan bukan hanya fakta, dan terakhir adalah penolakan pada otoritas atau figur otoritatif dan apresiasi pada pribadi yang real, otentik, dan dapat dipercaya. Berhadapan dengan tantangan demikian, beberapa hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan oleh gereja dalam melakukan pelayanan anak dalam konteks kekinian yang diusulkan dalam artikel ini antara lain: pertama, melibatkan anak-anak dalam ibadah bersama dengan jemaat dewasa sebagai salah satu bentuk pengasuhan iman anak. Kedua, dalam hal pemberitaan firman, pelayan anak perlu menerapkan sistem studi Alkitab yang terbuka bukan yang tertutup, di mana anak dituntun untuk memikirkan dan menemukan kebenaran serta nilai-nilai pribadi mereka sendiri dari kisah-kisah Alkitab. Terakhir, mendorong serta memperlengkapi orang tua, yaitu ayah dan ibu untuk kembali kepada peran yang Allah rancang bagi para orang tua untuk berperan aktif dalam pembentukan spiritual anak-anaknya.
 
 Kata-kata kunci: pelayanan anak, pandangan dunia (worldview), generasi Z.
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Morris, Iain. "How convincing is the case for God? The ‘Finnes Gud?‘ television series offers you the chance to assess it!" Theofilos 12, no. 1 (2020): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.48032/theo/12/1/15.
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There are times in life when one is conscious of a ‘wake-up call’. I seem to encounter them quite regularly and they tend to impact my life and my priorities. One memorable example was the first time I encountered Richard Dawkins on television. In a series on prime time on the UK’s Channel 4, he presented a series called The Root of All Evil? While the Bible claims that the root of (all kinds of) evil is the love of money, Dawkins implied it was religion – Christianity included. According to Dawkins, the insistence on there being a God is Medieval – fit only for a time when we had a more primitive understanding of science. Can there be anything more damaging than substituting science with magic? Can there be anything more destructive of intelligence and civilisation than teaching innocent children that there is a creator God who intended to bring the universe into existence – especially since we can show it achieved that all by itself! What amazed me about this Dawkins TV series is that it broke all the rules of balanced broadcasting. Interviews that had been conducted with Christian theologians and/or scientists, ended up in the trash bin. Because of that indirect encounter, I went on to produce a TV series called The God Question. It is available with Norwegian subtitles as Finnes Gud? More in a moment.
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Kuran, Michał. "„Quo vadis?” Dwa kazania Sebastiana Piskorskiego z okazji święceń kapłańskich, obłóczyn i profesji zakonnej potomków Franciszka Szembeka – struktura i problematyka." Rocznik Przemyski. Literatura i Język 2 (25) (December 2021): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24497363rplj.21.002.14625.
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[“Quo vadis?” Two sermons by Rev. Sebastian Piskorski on the occasion of ordination, vesture and taking vows of Franciszek Szembek’s children – the structure and main issues] This study is devoted to two sermons by Rev. Sebastian Piskorski delivered during the ceremonies of the first mass of Michał Szembek and taking the veil and religious vows by Teresa Franciszka Szembekówna, Nun of the Visitation – both children of Franciszek Szembek. The paper analyzes the roles of particular elements of the sermons in creating a persuasive message whose aim is to accompany the young in their rites of passage. The preacher shows them what the way they have chosen will look like. He makes them realize the significance of the mission they undertake as well as possible difficulties; he introduces them into the special nature of the clergy, showing them what they give up and what they let themselves in for. Those deliberations, referring to the motifs of mystical meal and mystical way, are supposed to assist them in making a free and conscious decision. What is remarkable is the exceptional skill of the preacher, who has based his discussion on Gospel pericopes devoted to certain days of the liturgical calendar. The invention base for the sermons is the Bible and the writings of the Church Fathers. What is also important is estate-related factors: the significance and consequences of the vows taken and the mission Michał and Teresa Franciszka are to undertake once they become part of the clergy. Time showed that it was particularly Teresa Szembekówna that fulfilled her task, as a promoter of the worship of the Heart of Jesus in Poland; her zeal contributed to Pope Clement XIII sanctioning the worship.
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STEWART, DEVIN. "URI RUBIN, Between Bible and Qurءan: The Children of Israel and the Islamic Self-Image, Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, vol. 17 (Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press, 1999). Pp. 293. $29.95 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 35, № 4 (2003): 638–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743803240265.
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This book, adopting the method of Rubin's earlier work on the image of the Prophet Muhammad, The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muhammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims (1995), examines hadith reports of the first three Islamic centuries that draw on Qurءanic/biblical material. He analyzes these reports as attempts on the part of Muslims to define themselves vis-à-vis the People of the Book—primarily Jews, and to a lesser extent Christians. Each of the work's three parts reflects a particular historical attitude toward the Jews and definition of the relationship between Jews and Muslims.
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Sagala, Lenda Dabora J. F., Elsi Susanti Br Simamora, and Sri Yulianti. "Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Mengatasi Kenakalan Remaja Di Sekolah." Jurnal Teologi Injili 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55626/jti.v1i1.1.
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Masa remaja adalah masa peralihan dari anak-anak menuju dewasa, di mana anak remaja sudah meninggalkan usia anak-anak mereka dan mulai memasuki usia dewasa. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan jenis atau pendekatan penelitian yang berupa studi kepustakaan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini ialah ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kenakalan remaja, yakni faktor dari dalam diri anak, faktor keluarga, dan faktor lingkungan baik sekolah maupun lingkungan sosial. Kemudian adapun jenis-jenis kenakalan remaja yang sedang marak di sekolah-sekolah ialah tauran antar pelajar, minum-minuman keras, merokok, narkoba, seks bebas dam bolos sekolah. Peran guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam menanggulangi masalah kenakalan remaja adalah Pertama, dalam konteks Kristen yang harus dilakukan adalah mendidik sesuai ajaran Alkitab; Kedua membimbing kerohanian anak; Ketiga, membangun kesadaran tentang upah dosa. Secara umum peran guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam mengatasi kenakalan remaja adalah membina karakter anak, membimbing dan menyelesaikan masalah anak.
 
 Adolescence is a period of transition from children to adults, where teenagers have left the age of their children and are starting to enter adulthood. In this study, the author uses a type or research approach in the form of a literature study. The results of this study are that there are several factors that influence juvenile delinquency, namely factors from within the child, family factors, and environmental factors both at school and in the social environment. Then as for the types of juvenile delinquency that are currently rife in schools, namely interactions between students, drinking, smoking, drugs, free sex and skipping school. The role of Christian Religious Education teachers in tackling the problem of juvenile delinquency is First, in a Christian context what must be done is to educate according to the teachings of the Bible; Second, guide the children's spirituality; Third, build awareness about the wages of sin. In general, the role of Christian Religious Education teachers in overcoming juvenile delinquency is to foster children's character, guide and solve children's problems.
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Skrypnyk, T. "Linguo-poetics of the English version of Anna’s prayer from Ramataim-Zuthite, from the Ephraim Mountains." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Fìlologìâ 16, no. 29 (2023): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2023-16-29-58-65.
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The article presents the presupposition of creating a prayer by a poetess whose name and work are recorded in the Bible. The image of the poetess, the high level of her spiritual world, the uniqueness of world perception, the richness and poetics of speech, the peculiarities of religious ideas have been revealed in the paper. Attention is paid to the gender problem of recognizing the primacy of the poetess in the literature of the ancient people and the problem that forced the poetess to create the prayer. In literary studies, it is believed that the first poet whose name is recorded in the Torah was King David (reigned 1012-972 BC). 150 of his psalms are recorded in the Torah (the Old Testament). However, the analysis of the texts of the Old Testament showed that the first poetess of the ancient Jewish people was Anna, the wife of Elkan from Ramathaim-Zuthite, from the Ephraim mountains. She was the mother of the prophet Samuel, and her prayer of thanks to God for the birth of her son was recorded in the Old Testament. The prayer is a testimony of the impact of gender issues on the fate of women in the ancient world. The probable time of the creation of Anna's prayer – 1143 BC – corresponds to the years of the life of prophet Samuel. It is believed that he was born in 1146 BC. Anna gave him to the temple of Elijah in the town of Shiloh after weaning when he turned 3, as was customary in those days. He became a Nazarene, that is, dedicated to God, and he became a prophet. But comparing the years of Samuel's life with the years of King Saul's life raises many questions about the accuracy of his birth date. The article examines the peculiarities of linguopoetics of the English version of Anna's prayer: semantic antonyms, the use of substantivation, tautology of poetic syntagms, antitheses of metaphors, anepiphora as a special type of rhyme, alliteration, etc. Anepiphora “in the Lord – in the Lord” emphasizes the importance of the image of God and the power of the poetess's religious ideas. The technique of poetic tautology of syntagms is applied: “Those who were – those who were”. Examples of alliteration: there is no one, those who were, she who was, full of food. Examples of substantivation (transition of one part of speech into another one) are studied in the words hungry – hunger. Hunger – is noun, hungry – is adjective. Semantic antonyms: barren – has borne (literally: barren – has given birth). She who was barren has borne seven children. Antitheses of metaphors: He will guard the feet of his saints, But the wicked will be silenced in darkness. The lyrical content of the work reveals the poetess' state of mind, her religious perception of God, the high level of her spiritual world, and is characterized by emotionality. The text of the work shows the uniqueness of the worldview, spiritual and linguistic richness of the poetess. In verse 10 of the prayer, Anna prophesied the coming of the next Lord’s Anointed and expressed her prediction of the Last Judgment in a metaphorical form. In Christianity, Anna of Ramataim- Zuthite is considered a prophetess, her name is mentioned on December 9. Key words: presupposition, gender issues, alliteration, substantivation, metaphor.
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张, 玉. "A Survey of First-Born Children’s Acceptance of Second-Born Children." Advances in Psychology 12, no. 05 (2022): 1783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2022.125213.
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Patoo, Hantrini. "SIKAP MORAL DALAM MENANTIKAN KEDATANGAN TUHAN." FILADELFIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 4, no. 1 (2023): 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55772/filadelfia.v4i1.79.
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This article examines theologically the morals attitude in waiting for God’s coming at the and of time or what is called the parousia teaching, nomely the second presence of Jesus Christ. In the Old Testament it is known as the day of the Lord or what is referred to as the awaited coming of the Son of man, while in the New Testament it is better known as the second coming of Jesus Christ, that is what is called the parousia. In His first coming i tis like the mystery known as the kingdom of God, which then ends His first coming. Likewise, with his second presence, he becomes a just king and judge for mankind, and separates people who are diligently faithful in carrying out His law from people who are full of sin, from this writing, i tis hoped that Christians as a church will be able to develop or realize the right way of thinking and moral behavior in waiting for the Lord’s coming.The diversity of morals attitudes can be a problem so that it can pose various challenges and apportunuties for Christian ethics, especially those related to the spirituality of the people God. Moral diversity that aften accurs raises issues that are contrary to the teachings of falth as Christians, also in terms of interpretation of the bible and the process of understanding the will of God’s plan, in responding to issue like this, this paper provides conclusions that are theological reflections about how a person can understand the teachings of faith regarding the proper morals attitude before God, so that it may become the basis and guide to being accountable when the day of God arrives. That is why is abliged to understand God’s will, so that he can apply it whenever and whenever he is, Romans 12:22 . so having morals such as love, exemplalry power, living as children of light, faith and reason etc, play a very importand role in Christian ethics in arder to prepare ourseives to weicome God’s coming in the last days.
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Krobo, Andrianus. "MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN NILAI AGAMA KRISTEN MELALUI CERITA ALKITAB DENGAN MEDIA GAMBAR PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B 2 DI PAUD PENGHARAPAN KOTA JAYAPURA." PERNIK : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/pernik.v4i1.6793.
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Abstrak : Nilai Agama Kristiani, Galatia 5 : 22-23 Kasih, Sukacita, Damai Sejahtera, Kesabaran, Kemurahan, Kebaikan, Kesetiaan, Kelemahlembutan dan Penguasaan Diri, merupakan nilai-nilai yang diserap dari Alkitab atau Firman Allah. Pendidikan Agama Kristen sangat penting karena mengarah pada pembentukan karakter anak untuk mengasihi Tuhan Yesus Kristus dan sesama manusia seperti dirinya sendiri (Matius 22:37-40)“ Kasihilah Tuhan, Allahmu, dengan segenap hatimu dan dengan segenap jiwamu dan dengan segenap akal budimu. Itulah hukum yang terutama dan yang pertama. Dan hukum yang kedua,yang sama dengan itu, ialah Kasihilah sesamamu manusia seperti dirimu sendiri. Pada kedua hukum inilah tergantung seluruh hukum Taurat dan kitab para nabi.†melalui sikap dan perilaku hidup setiap hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai Agama Kristen melalui cerita Alkitab dengan media gambar pada anak kelompok B2 PAUD Pengharapan Kota Jayapura T.A 2020/2021. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskrptif dan menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan (Action Research). Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah anak-anak didik kelompok B2 T.A 2020/2021 yang berjumlah 15 orang anak, terdiri dari 6 anak laki-laki dan 9 anak perempuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus yang terdiri dari tiga tindakan pada masing-masing siklus. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengunakan Model Kemmis dan Me Taggrt yang memiliki empat tahap, antara lain perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Kondisi awal kemampuan anak-anak didik kelompok B2 Paud Pengharapan Kota Jayapura T.A 2020/2021 belum berkembang (BB) dengan rata-rata nilai hanya mencapai 50,92%. Setelah dilakukan tindakan kelas berupa cerita Alkitab dengan media gambar kepada anak didik tersebut, maka diperoleh data rata-rata mencapai 78,00% atau anakanak tersebut masuk dalam kondisi Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa cerita Alkitab dengan media gambar dapat meningkatkan penerapan nilai-nilai Agama Kristen pada anak didik di PAUD Pengharapan Kota Jayapura tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Kata Kunci : “Nilai Agama Kristen, Cerita Alkitab, Media Gambarâ€. Abstract : Christian Values, Galatians 5:22-23 Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Generosity, Goodness, Faithfulness, Meekness and Self-Mastery, are values absorbed from the Bible or the Word of God. Christian education is very important because it leads to the formation of the character of the child to love the Lord Jesus Christ and his fellow man as himself (Matthew 22:37-40)" Love God, your God, with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. That's the first and foremost law. And the second law, which is the same as that, is to love your neighbor as yourself. It depends on all the laws and the books of the prophets." through attitudes and behaviors of life every day. This research aims to increase the value of Christianity through Biblical stories with image media in children of group B2 PAUD Harapan Jayapura City T.A 2020/2021. Types of qualitative research with deskrptif analysis methods and using action research approaches (Action Research). The subjects in this study were students of group B2 T.A 2020/2021 which amounted to 15 children, consisting of 6 boys and 9 girls. The study was conducted in 2 cycles consisting of three actions on each cycle. In addition, this study also uses kemmis and me taggrt models that have four stages, including planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The initial condition of the ability of students of group B2 Paud Harapan Jayapura City T.A 2020/2021 has not developed (BB) with an average score of only 50.92%. After doing a class action in the form of Bible stories with image media to the students, then obtained data on average reached 78.00% or the children entered in a very good condition (BSB). This shows that Biblical stories with image media can improve the application of Christian values to students in PAUD Harapan Jayapura City T.A 2020/2021. Keywords: "Christian Values, Biblical Stories, Image Media".Â
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Simamora, Johnny Parthotan, Robbye Manik, Rasmalem Raya Sembiring, and Jamli Barus. "Anugerah Menjadi Anak Allah: Peristiwa Menjadikan Orang Percaya Menjadi Anak-Anak Allah." ILLUMINATE: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani 7, no. 1 (2024): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54024/illuminate.v7i1.267.
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AbstractThis paper aims to explain and reveal the meaning of being a child of God and its substance in relation to salvation. As one side of the meaning of salvation, sonship is a side that should not be neglected to enrich the beauty of the work of salvation given by God. The concept of the Son of God is a grace that highlights how biologically born human beings who are called children of creation and in their existence as sinners experience adoption by God's will and are called children of God in a special relationship. The substitution of the title sons of creation in general for sons of God in particular sharpens the understanding of the identity of a saved human being after receiving the New Birth that makes a person a child of God. The main emphasis is not on the change in what the human being does but primarily on the change in who the person adopted as a child of God becomes. The main emphasis is not what the one who is made a child of God does but what change he or she receives because of God's action. The change of a person who has been called a child of God does not happen because of an effort or a struggle through deeds or through a certain ceremony, but an intervention of God that creates a new relationship. Making someone a child of God is an act of God through the work of Jesus Christ. A research method that emphasises a systematic theological approach. Approach by searching and digging up sources from the Bible. Collecting data from books that address the subject at hand, comparing and summarising them. The method is also called the inductive approach. The sources come from the Bible. This paper concludes that the title son of God in the relationship between man and God is only found in Christianity. Man calling God as Father and God calling man as son are the main features in Christianity after the salvation event. Being a child of God gives the essence of special meaning, an event because of God's acceptance and action without any human effort to be accepted as a child of God. All happened only because of the acceptance of Jesus Christ. Becoming a child of God automatically means that the believer has a divine nature. Being a child of God has implications in the present and in eternity in the believer. What is enjoyed in the present must be distinguished from what is received in eternity..Key words: Children of God, becoming, special, work of God, divine nature, works of God, grace, present and eternal Abstrak Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan, mengungkapkan arti menjadi anak Allah dan substansinya dalam kaitannya dengan keselamatan.. Sebagai salah sisi dari makna keselamatan, menjadi anak adalah sisi yang tidak boleh diabaikan untuk memperkaya keindahan dari karya keselamatan yang diberikan oleh Allah. Konsep Anak Allah adalah anugerah yang menyoroti peri hal bagaimana manusia yang lahir secara biologis yang disebut sebagai anak ciptaan dan dalam keberadaannya sebagai seorang berdosa mengalami pengangkatan anak kembali oleh kehendak Allah dan disebut sebagai anak Allah dalam hubungan yang khusus. Penggantian sebutan anak-anak ciptaan secara umum menjadi anak Allah secara khusus mempertajam pemahaman akan identitas manusia yang sudah diselamatkan setelah menerima Kelahiran Baru yang menjadikan seseorang itu disebut Anak Allah. Sorotan utama bukan pada perubahan tindakan apa yang dilakukan oleh manusia itu tetapi utamanya perubahan menjadi siapa orang yang diangkat menjadi anak Allah. Penekanan utama bukan apa yang dilakukan oleh yang diangkat menjadi anak Allah tetapi perubahan apa yang diterimanya oleh karena perbuatan Allah. Perubahan seseorang yang telah disebut anak Allah tidak terjadi karena suatu usaha atau suatu perjuangan melalui perbuatan atau melalui suatu upacara tertentu, tetapi suatu intervensi Allah yang menciptakan suatu hubungan baru. Menjadikan seseorang anak Allah adalah perbuatan Allah melalui karya Yesus Kristus. Metode penelitian yang menekankan pendekatan teologi sistimatika. Pendekatan dengan mencari dan menggali sumber dari Alkitab. Mengumpulkan data dari kitab-kitab yang menyinggung pokok yang dibicarakan, membandingkan, dan menyimpulkannya. Metode yang juga disebut dengan pendekatan induktif. Sumber-sumber berasal dari Alkitab. Dalam tulisan ini disimpulkan bahwa sebutan anak Allah dalam hubungannya antara manusia dengan Allah hanya terdapat dalam ajaran Kristen saja. Manusia memanggil Allah sebagai Bapa dan Allah memanggil manusia sebagai anak adalah ciri utama dalam ajaran Kristen setelah terjadinya peristiwa keselamatan. Menjadi anak Allah memberi esensi arti keistimewan, peristiwa karena penerimaan dan perbuatan Allah tanpa ada usaha manusia berbuat apapun untuk diterima menjadi anak Allah. Semua terjadi hanya karena penerimaan Yesus Kristus. Menjadi anak Allah secara otomatis manusia yang percaya itu memiliki kodrat ilahi. Menjadi anak-anak Allah berimplikasi di masa kekinian dan di masa kekekalan di dalam diri orang percaya itu. Apa yang dinikmati di masa ke kinian harus dibedakan dengan apa yang diterima di masa kekekalan. Kata-kata kunci: Anak-anak Allah, menjadi, istimewa, karya Allah, kodrat ilah, perbuatan Allah,anugrah.kekinian dan kekekalan
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Guilbert, Nathalie, and Karine Marazyan. "MOTHER SINGLEHOOD AT FIRST BIRTH AND MORTALITY RISKS OF FIRST- AND LATER-BORN CHILDREN: THE CASE OF SENEGAL." Journal of Demographic Economics 84, no. 1 (2018): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2018.1.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which being born to a single mother affects a child’s survival rate in Senegal, a context where girls’ premarital sexual relationships are still widely stigmatized. It also examines whether any negative effect persists up to affecting the survival rate of children of higher birth order born after the mother has married. Using data from Demographic and Health Survey, we find that the mortality rate is higher for first-born boys, but not for first-born daughters, whose mother was single at the time of their birth, and lower for second-born children whose sister, but not brother, was born out of wedlock. The latter effect is actually driven by children from older cohorts of women. Therefore, strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of the stigma associated with a premarital birth seem to exist but vary with the gender of the child born premarital in Senegal. In addition, persisting negative effects appear to have decreased over time. Potential channels through which boys born from a single mother are at a higher risk of death in the country are discussed. Overall, our findings indicate that social programs targeting single mothers, especially when they gave birth to a boy, would help avoiding dramatic events as the death of a child.
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Rubinstein, Dana, and Ynon Wygoda. "The Unsung Buber-Leibowitz Coda to the German Jewish Swan Song." Naharaim 15, no. 2 (2021): 311–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/naha-2021-0019.
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Abstract Among the hidden treasures squirreled away in the archives of Israel’s National Library lies a fragmented correspondence that sheds new light on the afterlife of a project that was long deemed the farewell gift to the German language and culture from the remnants of its Jewry. It is an exchange of letters between two scholars, whose interest in the German rendition of the Bible occupied them for many years, first in Germany, and later in the land where Hebrew was vernacular and where one might think there would no longer be a need for translations of the Bible; particularly not into a language that aroused considerable aversion in the aftermath of the war. And yet, the 1963–64 exchange between the two Jerusalemites, the Vienna-born and Frankfurt-crowned philosopher, theologian, and translator Martin Buber and the Riga-born, Berlin- and Marburg-educated biblical scholar Nechama Leibowitz tells a different story. It shows they both believed the project that began under the title Die Schrift, zu verdeutschen unternommen should be revised once again, after its completion so as to underline its ongoing relevance for present and future readings of the Bible tout court, in German and Hebrew speaking lands alike.
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Ayyavoo, Ahila, Tim Savage, José G. B. Derraik, Paul L. Hofman, and Wayne S. Cutfield. "First-born Children Have Reduced Insulin Sensitivity and Higher Daytime Blood Pressure Compared to Later-Born Children." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 98, no. 3 (2013): 1248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3531.
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Tabaleku, Roberth Edward, and Apriana Haelitik. "METODE PENDIDIKAN ORANG TUA BEDA AGAMA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IMAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK." Inculco Journal of Christian Education 3, no. 1 (2023): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.59404/ijce.v3i1.143.
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Abstrak: Keluarga merupakan alat Tuhan untuk melaksanakan rencana-Nya. Salah satu tanggung jawab keluarga sebagai orang tua yaitu mendidik anak dalam takut akan Tuhan. Namun, masalahnya jika orang tua memiliki perbedaan agama. Perbedaan agama kedua orang tua akan mempengaruhi didikan kepada anak. Kenyataan ini menjadi tantangan bagi pihak orang tua Kristen dalam mendidik anaknya secara iman Kristen. Fokus penelitian ini tertuju pada pihak orang tua yang beragama Kristen. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pandangan iman Kristen mengenai pernikahan beda agama dan dampak terhadap pertumbuhan iman dan pendidikan anak. Serta memahami metode pendidikan yang dapat diterapkan pada anak untuk pertumbuhan iman dan implikasinya terhadap pendidikan anak itu sendiri. Metode kualitatif melalui tinjauan studi pustaka. Hasil yang didapat yaitu bahwa sesuai pandangan Alkitab tidak menghendaki orang percaya untuk menikah beda agama. Sebab dampak orang tua beda agama akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan iman anak. Anak akan mengalami dilema rohani. Anak akan kehilangan identitasnya secara rohani dan akibatnya mengikuti agama lain. Anak akan kehilangan fokus dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan. Solusi yang dilakukan yaitu metode pendidikan bagi orang tua dan anak. Orang tua Kristen harus membangun hubungan yang intim dengan Tuhan, mendalami Firman Tuhan dan bersekutu dengan saudara seiman. Kemudian, orang tua harus melakukan pendekatan, menjadi teladan dan mengajarkan Firman Tuhan terus menerus kepada anak. Dengan demikian, iman anak akan mengalami pertumbuhan serta membuat fokus serta semangatnya bangkit dalam menyelesaikan pendidikannya. Abstract : Family is God's tool to carry out His plan. Therefore families need to understand the vision and mission of God for a family. One of the responsibilities of the family, in this case the parents, is to educate their children in the fear of God. However, children will get into a problem if they have parents of different religions. Because the difference in religion of the two parents will greatly affect the education they get. This also becomes the toughest challenge for Christian parents in educating their children in the Christian faith. Therefore, the focus of this research is on the parents who are Christians. The purpose of this research itself is to find out the views of the Christian faith regarding interfaith marriage and its impact on the growth of faith and children's education. As well as understanding educational methods that can be applied to children for the growth of faith and children's education. The method used is a qualitative method through a literature review by collecting information data through data collection through various reliable sources. The results obtained show that believers are not desired to marry people of different religions. Because interfaith marriages will have a huge impact not only on the family, but on the growth and education of children. So that to deal with this fact, two methods are obtained, namely the method of educating one's own faith and the method of educating children. Personally, Christian parents must be able to renew their faith first by building an intimate relationship with God and studying God's Word and allying with brothers and sisters in the faith. After that, you can apply a number of things to educate children such as approaching, setting an example and teaching God's Word continuously to children.Family is God's tool to carry out His plan. One of the responsibilities of the family as parents is to educate children in the fear of God. However, the problem is if the parents have different religions. Differences in the religion of the two parents will affect the upbringing of children. This fact is a challenge for Christian parents in educating their children in the Christian faith. The focus of this research is on the parents who are Christians. The purpose of this study is to find out the views of the Christian faith regarding interfaith marriage and its impact on the growth of faith and children's education. As well as understanding educational methods that can be applied to children for the growth of faith and the implications for the child's own education. Qualitative method through literature review. The result obtained is that according to the view of the Bible it does not want believers to marry with different religions. Because the impact of parents of different religions will affect the growth of children's faith. The child will experience a spiritual dilemma. Children will lose their identity spiritually and consequently follow other religions. Children will lose focus in completing education. The solution is an educational method for parents and children. Christian parents must build an intimate relationship with God, study God's Word and fellowship with brothers and sisters in the faith. Then, parents must approach, set an example and teach the Word of God continuously to their children. Thus, the child's faith will experience growth and make his focus and enthusiasm rise in completing his education.
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Kureishi, Wataru, and Midori Wakabayashi. "Why do first-born children live together with parents?" Japan and the World Economy 22, no. 3 (2010): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2010.03.005.
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Kuryk, O., and Y. Hodovanets. "ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DYSFUNCTION IN NEWBORNS IN PERINATAL PATHOLOGY." Neonatology, surgery and perinatal medicine 12, no. 1(43) (2022): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.xii.1.43.2022.4.
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In recent decades, there has been a worldwide trend toward increasing rates of functional and organic pathology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in children. Presently, diseases of digestive organs rank second in frequency among pathologies of the pediatric population after acute respiratory diseases. Development of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children in the first year of life is mainly caused by anatomic and physiological characteristics of the digestive system, as well as high sensitivity and ease of damage of all its parts. Current literature suggests that children born to mothers during difficult pregnancy or childbirth are at increased risk for developing this pathology.Objective of the study: To determine perinatal risk factors and clinical and paraclinical features of gastrointestinal functional disorders in newborns with perinatal pathology.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 82 full-term infants with severe perinatal pathology, with clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal dysfunction (Group I), and 50 healthy infants (Group II) as a comparison group. Exclusion criteria for the study were: congenital malformations, low birth weight, clinical manifestations of infection. To assess metabolic disorders, a comprehensive assessment of the biochemical blood spectrum with the level of total protein and albumin, total bilirubin and its fractions, glucose, urea and uric acid, cholesterol and triglycerides; activity of AlAT, AsAT, LDH, LF, GGTP. Biochemical studies were performed using a Cormay ACCENT biochemical analyzer (Poland, Cormay reagents).Results and discussion. Disorders of postnatal adaptation of newborns are noted in the conditions of mothers’ somatic disadvantages, implementation of unfavorable factors during pregnancy and labor. Analysis of somatic anamnesis, antenatal and intrapartum problems has made it possible to identify the main causes of neonatal adaptation disorders in the early neonatal period. The most important, taking into account maternal anamneses, in the patients of the main group were: cardiovascular system pathology in 30 (36, 59%) cases, urinary system pathology in 22 (26, 83%) cases, endocrine system pathology in 17 (20, 73%) cases, digestive system pathology in 11 (13, 41%) cases, and respiratory system pathology in 8 (9, 76%) cases; gynecological pathology was diagnosed in 16 (19, 51%). The antenatal period was complicated by: placental dysfunction in 10 (12.20%) cases, hydramnios in 8 (9.76%) cases, fetal distress in 10 (12.20%) cases, and cord entanglement around the neck in 5 (6.10%) cases. Overall, there were 14 (17.07%) cases with a poor obstetric history. Caesarean section was performed in 24 (29.27%) cases, vacuum-assisted delivery in 4 (4.88%) cases.The list of diseases responsible for the severity of the newborn's condition was presented according to the main diagnosis: 66 (80.5%) cases had central nervous system involvement in the form of hypoxic-ischemic lesion/neonatal encephalopathy, 27 (32.9%) cases had severe respiratory distress, 13 (15.9%) cases had moderate asphyxia and 11 (13.4%) cases had severe asphyxia, 10 (12.2%) cases had moderate respiratory distress and 2 (2.4%) cases had hemolytic disease in newborn. All patients of the main group also had concomitant diagnoses. The condition of the main group neonates was characterized by more severe somatic and neurological status disorders, formation of MOD syndrome with the development of signs of food intolerance due to complex disorders of the gastrointestinal system. Complex disorders of food tolerance were observed in 71 (86,59%) children, regurgitation/stasis - in 66 (80,49%) neonates, paresis/weak intestinal peristalsis - in 47 (57,32%) patients, flatus - in 3 (3,66%) cases, meconium retention - in 3 (3.66%) cases, isolated absence of sucking reflex/ wobbly sucking was found in 3 (3.66%) cases, enlargement of liver and spleen - in 1 (1.22%) patient. The complex of serum biochemical studies showed significant dysmetabolic changes, which to some extent explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of gastrointestinal dysfunction. In particular, revealed violations of protein-synthetic function of the liver and delays in the production and excretion of bile, enzyme deficiency and cytolytic syndrome.Conclusions. Disorders of the digestive system in newborns is one of the manifestations of general body dysfunction in conditions of hypoxia with the implementation of unfavorable factors of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother.Clinical signs of food intolerance in newborn infants are regurgitation/stasis, paresis/weak intestinal peristalsis, flatus, meconium retention, absence of sucking reflex/wobbly sucking, enlarged liver and spleen.Complex serum biochemical studies in newborns with gastrointestinal disorders showed impaired protein-synthetic liver function, delayed production and excretion of bile, enzymatic insufficiency and cytolytic syndrome.
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Cheng, Wenrui, Xinwen Liu, and Yangyang Yue. "The Influence of Age Gap between First-born and Second-born Child on First-born Academic Self-efficacy - The Mediating Role of Parent Involvement." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 6, no. 1 (2023): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/6/20220403.
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With the introduction of the national policy to encourage childbearing, the proportion of families with multiple children has been increasing. It is meaningful to explore whether in multiple children families the age gap between kids affects the childrens academic behaviour. This study aims to explore whether the age gap between the eldest child and the second-born child has an impact on the academic self-efficacy of the eldest child, and if the parental involvement works as a mediating role in this process. A questionnaire survey was used to survey 627 students across the country. The results of the study are: Parental involvement was significantly correlated with academic self-efficacy, and there were significant gender differences in parental involvement, with boys' parents having more involvement. The age gap between the eldest child and the second child was negatively correlated with the academic self-efficacy of the eldest child, and the correlation was significant. Age gap influences the eldest childs academic self-efficacy through parental involvement, and the mediating effect accounts for 59.53% of the total effect.
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Bulatova, Elena M., Alexandr M. Shabalov, Natalia M. Bogdanova, Alexandr I. Shilov, Emma G. Oganesiyan, and Nadezhda S. Kuritsyna. "Features of species composition of intestinal bifidobacterium and microbial metabolism profile in children of the first half of life depending on the way of delivery." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 9, no. 1 (2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped9111-16.
Full textAbstract:
Changes of intestinal microbiome in first year of life, related with cesarean section, are the most unfavorable and have long-term negative immunological and metabolic effects. The aim of the study. Evaluate the species composition of Bifidobacterium, range of Short-chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) in feces in children, who were born by natural way or with cesarean section, for clarification their diagnostic value in the process of formation of microbiocenosis in children. Materials and methods. Exa mined 60 children in the age of 4-6 months. 48 children were born in natural way and 12 were born by cesarean section. All of them were full-term and were on breastfeeding. Functional disorders of digestion were noted in 49 children (81,7%). Researchs that were conducted: microbiological examination of feces, typing of Bifidobacterium (PCR), definition of SCFA (C2 – acetic acid, C3 – propionic acid, C4 – butyric acid, C5 – valeric acid, C6 – caproic acid) content in feces. Results. III-grade dysbiotic changes in intestines were found significantly less in natural-way born (NW) children in comparison with cesarean section (CS) born children (14,58 и 33,33%; p < 0,05). In natural-way born children, infant strains of Bifidobacterium were not detected just in 12.5% but after cesarean section in 25% (p < 0,05). One infant strain of Bifidobacterium was in 41,67% of NW born children and in 25% CS born children (p > 0,05). Established, that content of acetic acid was significantly higher in NW born children (1,59 ± 0,75 и 1,04 ± 0,56; p < 0,05). Conclusion. In CS born children, impoverishment of the intestines by infantile species of Bifidobacterium, lower content of acetic acid, were detected significantly more often. It shows decrease of activity and amount of obligatory anaerobic bacteria (Bifidum-, Lacto-) in intestines, increased activity of opportunistic flora. That can be used in practical healthcare with diagnostic purpose.
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McCann, Stewart J. H. "Birth Order of past Presidents and Schlesinger's History Cycles: Support for Stewart's Leadership Theory." Psychological Reports 88, no. 2 (2001): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.375.
Full textAbstract:
Stewart's hypothesis (1992) that adults who were only-children and first-born children are most suited to lead communities in more turbulent times while adults who were later-born children are most suited to lead in more tranquil times was tested by relating the male birth order of elected presidents to Schlesinger's 1986 public purpose and private interest periods. Consistent with Stewart's hypothesis, candidates who were only-children and first-born children tended to win during public purpose phases, which are characterized by the turbulence of greater political commitment, idealism, and broad social change.
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Brandon, Peter David. "The Living Arrangements of Children in Immigrant Families in the United States." International Migration Review 36, no. 2 (2002): 416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00087.x.
Full textAbstract:
Little is known about the living arrangements of first- and second-generation immigrant children. Using data from the Current Population Survey and a multivariate approach, I compared living arrangements of immigrant children to U.S.-born white children with U.S.-born parents. Findings show, except for foreign-born black and some Hispanic children, that foreign-born children lived with married parents more frequently than did U.S.-born white children with U.S.-born parents. However, by the third generation, a pattern emerged showing a decline in living with married parents among some immigrant children and a rise in living with single parents. The noticeable “downward assimilation” among some second- and third-generation immigrant children fits a theory of segmented assimilation and is concerning because single-parent families confront more social problems and sociodemographic risks.