Academic literature on the topic 'First-born children – Psychological aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "First-born children – Psychological aspects"
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Xinyin Chen and Hennis Chi-Hang Tse. "Social and psychological adjustment of Chinese Canadian children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 34, no. 4 (2010): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409337546.
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This study examined social and psychological adjustment of immigrant and Canadian-born Chinese children in Canada. Participants included a sample of elementary school children (N = 356, M age = 11 years). Data on social functioning, peer relationships, school-related social competence, perceived self-worth, and loneliness were collected from peer assessments, teacher ratings, and self-reports. The results indicated that immigrant and Canadian-born Chinese children had different experiences of social and psychological adjustment in the school. Among aspects of acculturation, English proficiency and participation in Chinese cultural activities were positively associated with social competence and negatively associated with adjustment problems, particularly in immigrant Chinese children. These results indicate the involvement of contextual factors in children’s social functioning and psychological well-being.
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Cavaggioni, Ana Paula Magosso, Maria do Carmo Fernandes Martins, and Miria Benincasa. "Influence of type of birth on child development: a comparison by Bayley- III Scale." Journal of Human Growth and Development 30, no. 2 (2020): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.10382.
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Introduction: Elective cesarean section is associated with several damages to the newborn's health, such as respiratory and gastrointestinal problems and diabetes that last throughout life. However, few studies discuss aspects related to psychological development.
 Objective: To investigate the development of Brazilian children according to the type of birth and gestational age in the cognitive, language, motor, socio-emotional and adaptive behavior domains.
 Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the city of São Bernardo de Campo, São Paulo, Brazil, between June 2016 and March 2017. The final sample consisted of 263 children up to 42 months of age. For data collection were applied a socio demographic questionnaire and the Bayley-III Scale. The statistical analysis was based on both a North American reference sample and a local sample using the SPSS version 21, through Pearson's Chi-square statistical test and significance criteria p <0.05.
 Results: A significant difference (p<0.005) was observed, with a higher risk of problems in fine motor development and expressive language in children born at pre-term between 37- 39 weeks compared to those born at term between 39 - 41 weeks. Significant difference (p<0.005) was also observed in sensory processing and adaptive behavior, with greater impairment in children born via elective cesarean section compared to those born vaginally.
 Conclusion: Despite its limitations and discrepancies, this research indicates potential impairments in the psychological development of children born at early term via elective cesarean.
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Milosavljevic-Djukic, Ivana, and Bojana Tankosic. "Psychological aspects of child development of importance for judicial proceedings." Temida 21, no. 1 (2018): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1801023m.
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Children have the right to access the justice, to participate in the court proceedings, their views and testimonies to be heard and taken into account, and to be treated with utmost care during the court proceedings. However, over the past twenty years, researchers have pointed out that participation in the court proceedings may be traumatic for a child and a source of secondary victimization. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a specific approach to and different way of questioning children, which is adjusted to child?s developmental needs. Children and adolescents differ from adults in the way they function (cognitively, intellectually, emotionally). It is therefore crucial for professionals who deal with children (victims or witnesses) to be aware of and understand the specificities of each developmental stage. Otherwise, they will not be able to approach the child in the right way and ensure his/her understanding of newly born life circumstances, remove child?s worries and fears, and enable a child to answer questions, normalize his/her feelings, etc; consequently they will not get a quality testimony, significant for the court proceedings, which is also relevant for the child?s recovery process. The organ of the procedure should avoid acts that could harm the child?s psychological life and resort to techniques which are not harmful for the child?s development. One suggestive interview can create fake memories. Knowing the psychological life of a child in the context of his participation in the court proceedings is relevant for improving the quality of the child?s expression. This can help in making a child as spontaneous as possible, as well as more complete, coherent and safer. Child?s statements can be reliable and unreliable, just like the statements of adults. Thus, the quality, validity and accuracy of the taken statement depends largely on the knowledge and skills of the examiners. It is therefore of utmost importance that professionals who are interviewing/ questioning children are well trained and aware of the child?s development in general and of psychological aspects of child development in particular since they are important from the legal point of view: general understanding, memory, suggestiveness, language, social and emotional development, and morality (truths). Taking that as a starting point, this paper aims to present psychological aspects of child development relevant for the court proceedings, and to point out to the challenges in dealing with child victims and witnesses faced by professionals from the justice system and the social protection system, and the ways of overcoming them in order to protect the best interests of the child in the court proceedings.
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Cheong, Chen Chen, Asmidawati Ashari, Rahimah Ibrahim, Wan Aliaa W. Sulaiman, and Koo Kian Yong. "Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (Beam) on Trait Anxiety among Malaysian Chinese Children." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(46).
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Woefully, the twenty-first century is described as an era of anxiety (Malcolm, 2015; Karas, 2013). In fact, the increasing prevalence rate of anxiety disorder has afflicted children at alarming rates nowadays. However, early onset of childhood anxiety is still underestimated. Consistent and intense feeling of fear had affected them in various aspects like emotions, behaviours and cognitive functions throughout their developmental stage (Bittner et al., 2007; Pine, Cohen, Gurley, Brook, & Ma, 1998; Woodward & Fergusson, 2001). Without proper early intervention, children are at risk for anxiety disorders with more severe anxiety symptoms when they are growing up. In order to get rid of the elevating of prevalence rate for anxiety, understanding the etiology of the onset of anxiety should be given more concern. In fact, this Biopsychosocial model views anxiety disorders as the products of biological aspects (gene and brain mechanism), psychological aspect (beliefs, behavior, coping skills) and social aspect (environmental factor). Among these three aspects, biological attributed vulnerabilities formed the first anxious personality in children since birth and reduced their resilience towards psychological and social stressors later on in their life (Averill, 2015). For instance, trait anxiety, the prolong state of anxious feeling is much more impactful for children compared to state anxiety as this inborn anxious personality shaped the first default biological vulnerability to fear. Hight trait anxiety level be adopted by the individual and form anxious personality in children since birth (Miu et al., 2009; Miclea, Albu & Ciuca, 2009). Keywords: Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM); Children; Chinese; Malaysia; Trait anxiety; Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG)
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Kostina, Lyubov M. "EFFICIENCY OF PSYCHO CORRECTION OF THE LEADING ELEMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY OF FIRST-GRADERS’ PERSONALITY BY VARIOUS PLAY TECHNIQUES." Educational Psychology in Polycultural Space 54, no. 2 (2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2073-8439-2021-54-2-19-24.
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The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at determining the most effective play therapy technique for the psychological correction of a high level of anxiety, as a leading element of the structure of the psychological safety of the personality of primary schoolchildren during the period of their adaptation to school education. Recently, the problem of psychologi-cal safety of the personality of students has been in the area of increased attention. There is more and more scientific research aimed at studying various aspects of this phenomenon. One of these aspects is to ensure the psychological safety of the individual in different periods of training. The most psychologically difficult period is the period of adaptation of the child to the educational process. The presented article is devoted to the study of this aspect. Four hundred first-graders with a high level of anxiety, which was determined during the control diagnostics, took part in the work. The work used empirical methods and methods of mathematical statistics. At the formative stage of the work, all first-graders were divided into four groups: con-trol and three experimental. In each of the experimental groups with children, psychological correction of one of the play therapy techniques was carried out: non-directive, directive, and integrative, respectively. Upon completion of the formative stage of the study, a control diagno-sis of the level of anxiety in first-graders in the control and all experimental groups was carried out. The results of studying the dynamics of the level of anxiety as a leading element of the struc-ture of the psychological safety of a person after psychological correction made it possible to identify the most effective techniques of the method of play therapy. The data obtained allow us to speak about the presence of statistically significant differences in the experimental group, where play therapy of the integrative type was used. The results of the level of anxiety in first-graders in the experimental group, where psychological correction was carried out by the method of non-directive play therapy, demonstrate less significant differences. The level of anxi-ety in first-graders in the experimental group, where the method of directive play therapy was used, did not statistically significantly differ from the data of students in the control group, where psychological correction was not carried out.
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O.S., Shatilova. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE SHADOW ECONOMY OF UKRAINE." Scientic Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Psychological Sciences, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2021-2-16.
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Purpose. The goal of the article is to identify the psychological factors of career development in the shadow economy of Ukraine. For this purpose, the attitudes of students of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics (KNUTE) to the problem of fictitious entrepreneurship and tax evasion were studied.Methods. We conducted two experiments with KNUTE students using imaginary situations. In general, the imaginary situation was about a delinquent entrepreneur who sells goods. The entrepreneur exceeds the annual income and therefore opens a sales outlet for a fictitious person to avoid paying taxes. There were nine imaginary situations in total: a delinquent entrepreneur (zero framing), as well as other delinquent entrepreneurs such as a mother of three children, a father of three children, a foreigner, a student, a KNUTE student, a foreign student, a graduate, a KNUTE graduate. The first experiment was aimed at determining the willingness to punish or not punish the delinquent entrepreneur for tax evasion.The second experiment was carried out simultaneously on a different sample, and there were seven imaginary situations: a delinquent entrepreneur (zero framing) as well as other delinquent entrepreneurs including a mother of three children, a father of three children, a foreigner, a student, a KNUTE student, and a foreign student. In addition to framing with a delinquent entrepreneur, three perspectives were analyzed: neutral perspective, first perspective, third perspective (tax officer). Each student received one imaginary situation and three perspectives to it, which influenced the decision about a delinquent entrepreneur. The second experiment was aimed at determining the willingness to punish or not punish the delinquent entrepreneur for tax evasion as moderated by neutral, first, and third perspectives.Experiments were conducted online at SurveyMonkey at the end of 2019. Participation was anonymous, voluntary, and free of charge. For statistical data processing, we used the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Friedman test.Results. The following facts were revealed: 1) Regardless of imaginary situations, students with business experience are less likely to punish delinquent entrepreneurs for tax evasion than students without such experience. We believe that this is related to profit motivation; 2) regardless of imaginary situations, law students are more likely to punish delinquent entrepreneurs for tax evasion than trade students as well as non-trade and non-law students. We believe that this is related to legal awareness of KNUTE law students; 3) non-trade and non-law students are more likely to punish a delinquent foreign entrepreneur than a delinquent entrepreneur who is a mother of three children in an imaginary situation of tax evasion. The result may be explained by empathy towards the entrepreneur-mother of three children. Furthermore, law students did not show empathy for the entrepreneur-mother of three children. This is associated with legal awareness; 4) the effect of neutral, first, and third perspectives moderate the decision to punish or not punish a delinquent entrepreneur in an imaginary situation of tax evasion.Findings. Upon summarizing the results, we found that the acquisition of entrepreneurial experience and the manifestation of empathy are likely factors underlying a tolerant attitude towards tax evasion. Legal awareness is an opposite factor. Changing the perspective is a frame that adapts to any audience and can potentially be used to change different career decisions.Key words: career, imaginary situation, shadow economy, taxes, framing, entrepreneurial experience, empathy, legal awareness. Мета статті полягає у виявленні психологічних чинників розбудови кар’єри в секторі тіньової еко-номіки України. Для цього вивчалося вставлення студентів Київського національного торговельно-економічного університету (КНТЕУ) до проблеми фіктивного підприємництва та несплати податків.Методи. Ставлення студентів до проблеми фіктивного підприємництва та несплати податків вивчалося експериментально за допомогою уявних ситуацій. У першому експерименті кожен студент отримав одну уявну ситуацію, яка стосувалася фізичної особи – підприємця, що здійснює продаж товарів, перевищує річний обсяг доходу і для уникнення сплати податків відкриває точку продажу на підставну особу. Усього було дев’ять уявних ситуацій із порушниками: з фізичною особою – підприємцем (нульовий фреймінг), матір’ю трьох дітей, батьком трьох дітей, іноземцем, студентом, студентом КНТЕУ, студентом-іноземцем, випускником, випускником КНТЕУ. Дослі-дження спрямовувалося на визначення готовності карати/не карати підприємця-порушника за ухиляння від сплати податків.У другому експерименті, який проводився синхронно на іншій вибірці, було сім уявних ситуацій: про фізичну особу – підприємця (нульовий фреймінг), матір трьох дітей, батька трьох дітей, іноземця, студента, студента КНТЕУ, студента-іноземця. Окрім фреймінгу з фізичною особою – підприємцем змінювалася також атрибуція актора: невизначена атрибуція, перша особа, третя особа (працівник податкової служби). Кожен студент отримав одну уявну ситуацію з трьома атрибуціями. Дослідження спрямовувалося на визначення готовності карати/не карати підприємця-порушника залежно від зміни атрибуції актора.Експерименти проводилися онлайн на SurveyMonkey в кінці 2019 р. Участь була анонімною, добро-вільною, безоплатною. Для статистичної обробки даних використовувалися тести Манна-Вітні, Кра-скала-Воліса, Фрідмана.Результати. Були виявлені такі факти: 1) Незалежно від подання уявних ситуацій студенти з досвідом підприємницької діяльності менш схильні карати підприємців-порушників за несплату податків, аніж студенти, що не мають такого досвіду. Уважаємо, це пояснюється мотивом збіль-шення прибутків; 2) незалежно від подання уявних ситуацій студенти правничих спеціальностей більш схильні карати підприємців-порушників за несплату податків, аніж студенти торговельного спрямування та студенти інших, не пов’язаних із торгівлею і правом спеціальностей. Уважаємо, результат пояснюється правосвідомістю студентів правничих спеціальностей КНТЕУ; 3) студенти неторговельних, неправничих спеціальностей більш схильні карати підприємця-іноземця, ніж під-приємця – матір трьох дітей в уявній ситуації приховування податків та відкриття фіктивної точки продажу. На нашу думку, результат пояснюється емпатією до підприємця – матері трьох дітей. Разом із тим студенти правничих спеціальностей не проявили емпатії до підприємця – матері трьох дітей; 4) також була підтверджена гіпотеза, що атрибуція актора модерує рішення карати/не карати підприємця-порушника в уявній ситуації відкриття ним точки продажу на підставну особу для уникнення сплати податків.Висновки. Узагальнюючи результати, виявлено, що, ймовірно, набуття підприємницького досвіду та прояв емпатії виступають чинниками формування толерантного ставлення до несплати податків, а правосвідомість є чинником протидії. Зміна ж атрибуції актора є фреймом, що адаптується до будь-якої аудиторії та потенційно може використовуватися для зміни кар’єрних рішень.Ключові слова: кар’єра, уявна ситуація, тіньова економіка, податки, фреймінг, підприємницький досвід, емпатія, правосвідомість.
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Rochmah, Nur, Muhammad Faizi, Irwina Rahma Andriani, and Soraya Salle Pasulu. "Case Report: Medical Aspect, Growth, and Quality of Life in Children with 46,XX Testicular Disorder of Sex Development (DSD)." Folia Medica Indonesiana 54, no. 3 (2018): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v54i3.10021.
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46,XX testicular disorder of sexual development (DSD) is characterized by male phenotype with 46,XX karyotype. The incidence rate is 1:25,000 in male newborn. Infants with ambiguous external genitals will be confronted with issue of gender assigment and may result in a stressful condition in the parents. Since gender assignment is inevitable, several factors should be considered in DSD management. The management approach for children born with DSD is individualized and multidisciplinary. Gender assignment aims to facilitate the patient to obtain the best quality of life. Adaptation of children with 46,XX testicular DSD as a determinant of quality of life is also influenced by psychological and family conditions. The purpose of this report was to observe medical growth and development aspects of the child with 46,XX terticular DSD as indicated by the aspects of growth and development, and health related quality of life, as well as the influential aspects. PA, 18 months, was diagnosed with 46,XX testicular DSD. The patient routinely visited to endocrinology clinic, urologic surgery, and child psychiatry clinic from the age of 6 months. The parents decided to raise patient as male. The patient had undergone surgery for hypospadias correction, hormone injections, child growth monitoring, and psychological monitoring (medical records of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya in 2015). Management should consider individual and multidiciplinary accompaniment of the patient and parents, the importance of group support, and follow-up to adulthood, as well as possible longterm outcomes that will occur in the future so that the patients and the parents need to be prepared.
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Yastrebova, L. A., V. I. Lahmotkina, and I. A. Maslova. "Assessment of psychological and speech development in early childhood." SHS Web of Conferences 113 (2021): 00092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111300092.
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The article discusses and describes in detail topical problems of psychological and speech development of young children. The relevance of this issue is associated with an increase in the number of children with problems in the development of speech already in the first years of life. A brief overview of studies on the formation of functional systems and higher cortical functions in ontogenesis, as well as applied aspects of assessing the psychological and speech development of young children is presented. The authors of the article conducted an experimental study, the results of which showed a visible lag behind the age normative indicators of psychomotor and speech development in children of the test group. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained data showed that the pathogenetic basis of the existing disorders was delayed maturation of brain structures and functions against the background of chronic maternal diseases, unfavorable course of pregnancy, general somatic weakening and neurological status.
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Kozakevich, V. K., L. S. Zuzina, O. B. Kozakevich, L. A. Zhuk, and O. I. Melashchenko. "MODERN ASPECTS OF LACTATION SUPPORT AND INFANTS BREASTFEEDING IN THE ACTIVITY OF A FAMILY DOCTOR." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 19, no. 4 (2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.19.4.15.
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Introduction. Breastfeeding is a natural form of infant nutrition during evolution that determines the optimal formation of baby's health, its physical, mental and intellectual development. The aim of the research. To learn the influence of social, informational and psychological factors on the duration of breastfeeding. Materials and methods. 200 mother-child pairs were examined. Research results. According to the survey, it was found that 86,4 % of children were breastfed in the first month of life. At 6 months, ration contained breast milk approximately 58,5 %, up to 1 year - 29,0 % of the examined children. A children health study, depending on the duration of breastfeeding, showed that healthy children were longer on exceptionally breastfeeding and breastfeeding than those who had any disease during the first year of life. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding for healthy infants was 3 months and for infants with some disease - 1 month. The breastfeeding support issues in the work of the family doctor, the role of professional advisory help of medical workers for the formation of long and sufficient lactation were discussed. It is established that the use of modern perinatal technologies for pregnancy, childbirth and newborn provides only breastfeeding up to 6 months and optimal breastfeeding. It has found out that the breastfeeding education for mothers, psychological supportive ambience has a positive effect on the duration of breastfeeding and the health of the child. Conclusions. Lactation and breastfeeding is complicated process, but completely controllаble.
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Bogart, W. A. "Law as a Tool in “The War on Obesity”: Useful Interventions, Maybe, But, First, What's the Problem?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 1 (2013): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12003.
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The foregoing, both appearing in early 2012, represent very different understandings about the significance of being substantially overweight and possible responses. The first focuses on being fat as the problem. 3 The solution is weight loss or, better still, prevention of weight gain. Of particular note is the plight of obese children and their physical ailments and psychological stress because of bullying by other children and embarrassment in wider society. The second underscores the enormous difficulty of losing weight and, even more so, of maintaining any such reduction. Being fat may give rise to problems. But the greatest difficulty may be in not accepting that most people who become fat will remain fat. That denial stymies efforts to foster the healthiest state possible for the obese and to create effective prevention programs, especially for children.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "First-born children – Psychological aspects"
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Jongmans, Marian Jacqueline. "Perceptuo-motor competence in prematurely born children at school age : neurological and psychological aspects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021529/.
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This thesis focuses on perceptuo—motor competence in children born prematurely. The cohort, now 6 years of age, was highly selected and consisted of 183 children whose early cranial ultrasound appearance was well documented. In the literature review issues regarding the detection and classification of brain lesions, the outcome of follow up studies, and the description, identification and sub—grouping of children with perceptuo— motor problems are discussed. This is followed by an outline of the study undertaken and the results obtained. Overall differences in the performance on the neurological, perceptuo—motor, cognitive, behaviour and self—concept measures between the premature and reference groups are described. Prematurely born children showed more minor neurological signs and were less competent in age—appropriate perceptuo—motor tasks. Cognitive ability was generally lower in this group, but no differences with respect to the behaviour and self— concept measures were found. The relationship between early brain lesion and later perceptuo—motor competence was explored. Major haemorrhagic and/or ischaemic lesions were related to poor outcome. The prognosis of children with minor haemorrhagic and/or ischaemic lesions was more favourable although these children are clearly at an increased risk for more subtle perceptuo—motor problems as they grow up. The analyses suggested that among the group of children with perceptuo—motor problems six separate sub—groups existed. In addition to two sub—groups whose profile showed either average or below average performance across tasks, there were four sub— groups who showed specific problems with dynamic or static balance, ball skills or constructional tasks, respectively. Finally, the characteristics of children with poor constructional ability were examined in more detail. Using performance on a specially for this study designed form board task as an example, it was shown that in addition to quantitative profiles, qualitative descriptions of performance are important to gain a better understanding of subtle perceptuo—motor impairment in individual children.
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Burns, Joanna L. (Joanna Lynn Brannan). "The Psychological Effects of a Therapeutic Camping Experience on First Time Campers with Spina Bifida." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279081/.
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Camping has been identified as a resource for educational, therapeutic, and recreational growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychosocial effects of a therapeutic camping experience with first time campers with spina bifida. In this study with four first time campers with spina bifida, three areas related to the camp experience were observed and measured: recreation participation, fun/pleasure, and self esteem. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, including the Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory, the Recreation Participation and Fun Inventory, participant and non-participant observations, interviews, and a counselor questionnaire. The measurements of self esteem, recreation participation, and fun/pleasure were taken at three intervals, before camp, during camp and three weeks following the camp experience. The four camper case studies demonstrated that each camper experienced his/her own unique first time camp experiences.
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Ytsma, Jehannes. "Frisian as first and second language sociolinguistic and socio-psychological aspects of the acquisition of Frisian among Frisian and Dutch primary school children /." Ljouwert : Fryske Akademy, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32703202.html.
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Kevari, Mary Kathleen. "The role of universal grammar in second language acquisition: An experimental study of Spanish ESL students' interpretation of lexical pronouns." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1710.
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Davidson, Gabrielle. "First and second born twins: a comparative study utilizing the Graffiths mental development scales - extended revised." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/669.
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Despite the concept of twins and twinning being a highly explored area of research for many years, limited research has been conducted on the comparison of first and second born twin development. The nature of twins leads people to believe that twins will present with similar characteristics, however, this study explores the possibility that due to their ordinal position they could in fact present with differing characteristics and could differ developmentally. The early holistic development of a child influences the rest of their lives. Concerning twins, the development of individuality and self-knowledge is especially important. Theorists, such as Piaget (1950), propose that child development takes place in stages and that although the order in which children proceed through these stages is the same, the pace at which this takes place can vary. The necessity of monitoring the child’s journey through these stages highlights the value of child developmental assessment. This form of assessment needs to be holistic, needs to involve a multidisciplinary team of professionals and needs to utilize assessment measures that are valid, reliable, culture-fair and standardized. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) is one such measure. This study, focusing on twin development, aimed to contribute and provide valuable information to a larger research project that is currently under way aiming to increase the applicability of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) in the South African context. The primary aim of the study, however, was to explore and compare the performance of normal first born and second born twins, aged between 2 and 8 years 4 months old, on the GMDS-ER. The purpose of the study was to generate information on the relationship between first born twins’ general development and second born twins’ general development. An exploratory, descriptive quantitative design was used. Participants were selected through a combination of non-probability purposive, convenience and snowball sampling. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and dependent sample t-tests were employed to compare the General Quotients (GQ’s) of the first and second born twins in the sample. Results showed that no significant differences were found between the first and second born twins’ general development. Information generated from this study contributed to 1) child development research; 2) twin developmental research within a South African context; and 3) a greater group of studies on the GMDS-ER, currently underway in the United Kingdom and South Africa, aiming to contribute to the international credibility of this measure
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Wing, Rachel E. "Young children's reasoning about the inverse relation between the number and sizes of parts : early fraction understanding and the role of material type." 2000. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2371.
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Breytenbach, Frieda. "Diagnostiese waarde van skooltekeninge as projeksiemedium." Diss., 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15924.
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Summaries in Afrikaans and English<br>Die primere skoolkind bevind horn in 'n fase van groot verandering wat aanpassings verg en hoe eise stel.
Die ervaringe wat die kind gedurende hierdie tydperk opdoen, is beduidend omdat dit sy vormingsjare is.
Omdat die kind nie altyd kan verbaliseer watter probleme hy ervaar nie, is met hierdie studie gepoog om
vas te stel of skooltekeninge van enige diagnostiese waarde kan wees om die kind in nood te verstaan.
Die empiriese studie het bewys dat skooltekeninge nie net waarde as 'n identifiseringsmedium inhou nie,
maar ook as 'n aanvullende ortopedagogiese medium aangewend kan word. Die kind neig om sy probleme,
persepsies, houdings en so meer visueel te projekteer. Hoewel hierdie studie bevindinge van vroeere
navorsing bevestig, is bepaalde verskille ook geidentifiseer. Die studie is afgesluit met riglyne vir die
gebruik van skooltekeninge, asook aanbevelings met die oog op die verfyning van hierdie projeksiemedium.<br>The primary school child finds himself in a phase of great change which makes high demands and requires
adjustments. What happens to the child during these years is critical because these are foundation laying
years.
Because a child is not always able to verbalise problems which he may experience, this study is an
. endeavour to determine whether school drawings have any diagnostic value to identify a child in need.
The empirical study has confirmed that school drawings have diagnostic value not only as a medium of
identification, but also as a supplementary orthopedagogical medium. The child· tends to project his
problems, perceptions and attitude visually. Although this study confirms findings of previous studies,
certain differences were also identified. The study was concluded with guidelines for the use of school
drawings, as well as recommendations regarding the refinement of this projection medium.<br>Psychology of Education<br>M. Ed. (met spesialisering in Voorligting)
Books on the topic "First-born children – Psychological aspects"
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Putting children first: Proven parenting strategies for helping children thrive through divorce. Avery, 2010.
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Somit, Albert. Birth order and political behavior. University Press of America, 1996.
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Paul, Kirk, ed. Still to be born: A guide for bereaved parents who are making decisions about their future. Perinatal Loss, 1986.
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Putting children first: Proven parenting strategies for helping children thrive through divorce. Avery, 2010.
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Cesaroni, Laura. Exploring the autistic experience through first-hand accounts from high-functioning individuals with autism. National Library of Canada, 1990.
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Stewart, Robert B. The second child: Family transition and adjustment. Sage Publications, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "First-born children – Psychological aspects"
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Salter Goldie, Robyn L., Dale J. Dematteo, and Susan M. King. "Children Born to Mothers with HIV/AIDS: Family Psycho-Social Issues." In The Impact of AIDS Psychological and Social Aspects of HIV Infection. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003072188-11.
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"Children Born to Mothers with HIV/AIDS: Family Psycho-Social Issues." In The Impact of AIDS: Psychological and Social Aspects of HIV Infection. CRC Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482283389-28.
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MACHISKAYA, R. I. "BRAIN ORGANIZATION OF VOLUNTARY SELECTIVE ATTENTION IN FIRST GRADE CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES." In Neuronal Bases And Psychological Aspects Of Consciousness. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814313254_0028.
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Schatz, Jeffrey, and Eve S. Puffer. "Neuropsychological Aspects of Sickle Cell Disease." In Comprehensive Handbook of Childhood Cancer and Sickle Cell Disease. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169850.003.0033.
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The purpose of this chapter is to summarize current knowledge about the brain bases of the psychological effects of sickle cell disease (SCD). For the purpose of this chapter, we categorize two broad approaches commonly used to identify the behavioral correlates of brain function. Psychological or behavioral models are used that have been developed independent of the study of the nervous system. A common example of this approach is psychoeducational assessment, which focuses on constructs relevant to functional outcomes such as IQ scores and academic skills. Psychological models are also used for assessments that have been derived more directly from neuroscience. This approach typically involves assessing specific neurocognitive domains derived from theories of brain organization, such as language, visual-spatial, and executive functions. SCD offers a challenge to neuropsychologists because of the multiple factors to consider for understanding brain function. Because SCD is a genetic condition present from birth, the disease is likely to interact with developmental factors in infancy or early childhood. Because of social-historical factors, individuals with SCD are more likely than the general population to grow up in difficult social and economic conditions that place them at higher risk for some adverse brain effects. The disease itself also has specific effects on the brain that may lead to acquired brain injury during childhood or later in life. This context creates a challenge; there are multiple potential routes for brain effects that could have an impact on psychological functioning throughout the life span. We discuss research to date on a number of these factors, including pregnancy and birth risks, social and environmental factors in early childhood, and more direct effects of the disease on the brain. These factors are discussed in their likely order of impact based on current research, with direct effects of SCD on the brain having the most robust and well-established effects on neuropsychological functioning. An overview is presented in table 24-1. Mothers of children born with SCD either have SCD or trait. Data on pregnancy outcomes of mothers with SCD or trait indicate that most of these pregnancies are successful and without serious complications (Koshy, 1995; Sun, Wilburn, Raynor, & Jamieson, 2001).
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Kats, Yefim. "Integrated Support of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Learning Disabilities." In Education and Technology Support for Children and Young Adults With ASD and Learning Disabilities. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7053-1.ch001.
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This chapter outlines the integrated approach to support children and young adults diagnosed with learning disabilities and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this context, the authors, first, discuss the legislative background providing legal basis for the disability support in educational environments. They, further, address psychological and neurological aspects of learning disabilities and ASD diagnostics and consider how legislative and neurological issues influence special education methods, counseling, and instructional technology support. The educational tools addressed include mobile devices and applications, virtual reality, and robotics. The chapter concludes with a report on the development of college-level course in instructional technology, intended for technology facilitators and teachers working with the ASD students. The case study focuses primarily on the use of the affordable and popular LEGO robots. The holistic approach to support of those with disabilities, outlined in the chapter, combines educational leadership issues, psychological and job counseling, special education methods, and instructional technology.
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Abe, Akinori. "The Possibility of the Literary Work Generation by Computer." In Computational and Cognitive Approaches to Narratology. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0432-0.ch002.
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Recently the importance of entertainment for senior citizens and children has been pointed out. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop robots who can write poems, compose music, paint pictures, etc. For that, for instance, an automatic poem or story generation system will be necessary. This chapter will show the possibility of literary-work (poem, story, novel etc.) generation. First, the author introduces the research field, “Language-Sense Processing Engineering (LSE)” where the affective or psychological aspects of language is focused on. The author defined “language sense (the key concept in LSE)” as affective or psychological aspects of language. One of the features can be used for literary work generation is the “intertextuality” proposed by J. Kristeva. The possibility of the automatic literary work generation will be shown by the strategy to generate waka (Japanese poem). In addition, several strategies to generate literary works will be shown to illustrate the possibility of the automatic literary work generation.
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Kats, Yefim. "Educational Leadership and Integrated Support for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0816-8.ch001.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter addresses the integrated approach to the support of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In this context we, first, discuss the legislative background, providing legal basis for autism support in an educational environment. We further briefly outline psychological and neurological aspects of ASD diagnostics. We consider how legislative and psychological issues impact special education methods and instructional technology support for ASD. The technology tools addressed include mobile devices and applications, virtual reality, and robotics. The chapter concludes with a report on the development of college-level course in instructional technology for technology facilitators and special education teachers working with ASD students. Considering that systematic research in the instructional use of affordable robotics is still lacking, the case study focuses primarily on the instructional use of popular LEGO robots. The holistic approach to ASD support, combining educational leadership, counseling, special education methods and technological factors, is emphasized throughout the chapter.
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Fuemmeler, Bernard F., and Larry L. Mullins. "Peer, Friendship Issues, and Emotional Well-Being." In Comprehensive Handbook of Childhood Cancer and Sickle Cell Disease. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169850.003.0011.
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The assertion that social relationships contribute to a child’s psychological adjustment, health, and overall well-being is commonly accepted and supported by numerous investigations in the clinical child literature (Erdley, Nangle, Newman, & Carpenter, 2001). A wide variety of social phenomena have been examined, including the association between social and emotional adjustment, social network structure, how children are perceived and accepted by their peer group, and children’s ability to establish friendships and close relationships. Given the importance of peer relationships to emotional well-being, it is surprising that this subject has not received greater attention in the pediatric psycho-oncology literature. Understanding children’s social relationships in the context of cancer is important for four primary reasons. First, many aspects related to having cancer and undergoing treatment for cancer, such as school absence, fatigue, interruptions in play and daily activities, changes in physical appearance, strict medical regimens and their associated adverse side effects, and neurocognitive impairments can increase children’s risk for social adjustment problems. Second, positive peer relationships and social support may facilitate the adjustment of children to the experience of cancer. Third, although understudied in the pediatric literature, having positive social support from peers and friends could potentially influence the course of cancer by enhancing the functioning of the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Finally, with a broader understanding of the relevance of social relationships among children with cancer, targeted interventions can be developed and evaluated for their role on outcomes related to adjustment, quality of life, and mediating mechanisms influencing mortality and morbidity. This chapter provides a general overview of the literature related to the role that peers and friendships have on adjustment and presents a review of the relationship of social support to adjustment and health outcomes. The impact of cancer on peer relationships and friendships also is discussed. The chapter concludes with a presentation of extant literature on interventions that have been developed to promote social adjustment and a discussion of future directions. To begin, a description is provided of the terminology and how social processes are often conceptualized. Such information is presented as a heuristic for future research in pediatric psycho-oncology.
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Lee, Sabine. "Bui Doi: the children of the Vietnam War." In Children Born of War in the Twentieth Century. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526104588.003.0004.
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The chapter traces military-civilian relations during the Vietnam War and the challenges faced by Vietnamericans who remained in Vietnam compared with those who were evacuated in Operation Babylift of left Vietnam for the United States after the Amerasian Homecoming Act. Using historical and sociological approaches as well as psychological and psychiatric analyses, the investigation shines a light on how the three distinct groups experienced their upbringing and lifecourses in very different ways, depending on where geopolitical circumstances and foreign intervention placed them.The analysis zooms in on international and interracial adoption as one chosen avenue to ‘rescue’ children left behind by foreign troops – a policy found in the aftermath of many conflicts, but first practiced on a large scale in the aftermath of the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
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Atkinson, Rowland, and Sarah Blandy. "A shell for the body and mind." In Domestic Fortress. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784995300.003.0003.
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This chapter considers the meaning and importance of more psychological aspects of the private home. Homeownership has been argued to provide us with a deep sense of security of being in troubled times, when trust in community has been lost. Psychoanalytic and sociological theories of consumption practices are used here to examine the role of psychic development as it occurs within the home. Two functions of the home in particular are examined here, illustrated through fairy stories, fiction and films. First, the home's role as a bridge or mediator to the public world outside the home, meaning that a child's preparation for the outside world is largely dependent on parental perceptions of risk and insecurity. Second, the private (fearful) world inside what Freud termed the unheimlich home, hiding dreadful secrets. The current emphasis on control of outsiders' access to the home, and the developing culture of respecting others' homes as entirely private places, may make the home a domestic prison for its less powerful residents: women and children. Feminist analyses of the development of gender roles in the home and data on domestic violence show the dark underbelly of the sanctified private home. Although some homes are havens, others can be the site of domestic slavery and even more disturbing examples of power and abuse, such as Fred West, and the imprisonment of Fritzl's daughter in Austria and Jaycee Dugard in the US.