Relevant bibliographies by topics / First-born children Second-born children

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'First-born children Second-born children'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "First-born children Second-born children"

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Mochmann, Ingvill C. "Children born of war." OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 2 (December 15, 2008): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/obets2008.2.04.

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This paper gives a short introduction into the rather new research field of ‘Children born of war’. These are children who are born during and after conflicts and wars were the father has been a member of an enemy, allied or peacekeeping force and the mother a local citizen. ‘Children born of war’ are often stigmatised and discriminated in their home country and their particular interest and rights are overlooked in post-conflict situations. This paper presents different categories of children born of war and some results from research projects on children from Second World War are presented. Finally, the international and juridical situation of children born of war are discussed and possible guidelines to assist mothers and children introduced.
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Brandon, Peter David. "The Living Arrangements of Children in Immigrant Families in the United States." International Migration Review 36, no. 2 (2002): 416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00087.x.

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Little is known about the living arrangements of first- and second-generation immigrant children. Using data from the Current Population Survey and a multivariate approach, I compared living arrangements of immigrant children to U.S.-born white children with U.S.-born parents. Findings show, except for foreign-born black and some Hispanic children, that foreign-born children lived with married parents more frequently than did U.S.-born white children with U.S.-born parents. However, by the third generation, a pattern emerged showing a decline in living with married parents among some immigrant children and a rise in living with single parents. The noticeable “downward assimilation” among some second- and third-generation immigrant children fits a theory of segmented assimilation and is concerning because single-parent families confront more social problems and sociodemographic risks.
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Guilbert, Nathalie, and Karine Marazyan. "MOTHER SINGLEHOOD AT FIRST BIRTH AND MORTALITY RISKS OF FIRST- AND LATER-BORN CHILDREN: THE CASE OF SENEGAL." Journal of Demographic Economics 84, no. 1 (2018): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2018.1.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which being born to a single mother affects a child’s survival rate in Senegal, a context where girls’ premarital sexual relationships are still widely stigmatized. It also examines whether any negative effect persists up to affecting the survival rate of children of higher birth order born after the mother has married. Using data from Demographic and Health Survey, we find that the mortality rate is higher for first-born boys, but not for first-born daughters, whose mother was single at the time of their birth, and lower for second-born children whose sister, but not brother, was born out of wedlock. The latter effect is actually driven by children from older cohorts of women. Therefore, strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of the stigma associated with a premarital birth seem to exist but vary with the gender of the child born premarital in Senegal. In addition, persisting negative effects appear to have decreased over time. Potential channels through which boys born from a single mother are at a higher risk of death in the country are discussed. Overall, our findings indicate that social programs targeting single mothers, especially when they gave birth to a boy, would help avoiding dramatic events as the death of a child.
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Ayyavoo, Ahila, Tim Savage, José G. B. Derraik, Paul L. Hofman, and Wayne S. Cutfield. "First-born Children Have Reduced Insulin Sensitivity and Higher Daytime Blood Pressure Compared to Later-Born Children." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 98, no. 3 (2013): 1248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3531.

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Han, Shu, Xiaohan Zhang, Rui Li, et al. "Effect of birth order on stereoacuity in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (2020): e032833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032833.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between birth order and stereoacuity among Chinese children aged 60–72 months.DesignCross-sectional.Participants1342 children with complete data on the questionnaire, stereoacuity and refraction were included.ResultsThe mean stereoacuity was 53.2±1.7, 56.9±1.9 and 60.9±1.5 s of arc in the first-born group, second-born group and third-born group, respectively. Lower birth order was significantly correlated with better stereoacuity (p=0.036). Third-borns (OR=3.02, p=0.027) were at higher risk of having subnormal stereoacuity compared with first-borns in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionLater-borns had poorer stereoacuity than first-borns.
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Kurazhova, A. V., and E. E. Lyakso. "Speech Interaction in Triads «Mother—Dizygotic Twins» at the Age of the Children 4—6 Years." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 13, no. 2 (2020): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130204.

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The longitudinal study of mother speech interaction with 4-6-years-old dizygotic twins (n=5 triads) was performed. The characteristics of maternal speech addressed to twins, characteristics of children’ speech development due to the order of the birth are investigated. The first-born child in pair have a higher level of speech development as compared to the second-born child by syntactic structure of sentences in dialogue, number of consonants, meanings of pitch in vowels. Correlation between characteristics of maternal speech and the level of twin’s speech development is revealed. When mothers interact with the second-born twins they stimulate them to communication more then the first-born twins.
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Oropesa, R. S., and Nancy S. Landale. "In Search of the New Second Generation: Alternative Strategies for Identifying Second Generation Children and Understanding Their Acquisition of English." Sociological Perspectives 40, no. 3 (1997): 429–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389451.

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Social scientists are devoting increasing attention to second-generation children for insights into the long-term consequences of immigration for American society. However, there is considerable disagreement over the operational criteria that should be used to determine membership in the second generation. Using the Public Use Microdata Sample of the 1990 U.S. Census, this study examines several issues. First, the implications of different operational criteria for descriptive analyses that focus on the size and composition of the second-generation child population are considered. We then assess whether different operational strategies have implications for multivariate analyses, especially those that focus on language skills. The results indicate that a key decision for most studies, except those that focus on socioeconomic composition, is how foreign-born children are classified. Foreign-born children should not be combined with native-born children on the grounds that they comprise the “de facto” second generation. Instead, researchers should make distinctions between the “decimal” generations to avoid obscuring diversity within the child population.
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Kureishi, Wataru, and Midori Wakabayashi. "Why do first-born children live together with parents?" Japan and the World Economy 22, no. 3 (2010): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2010.03.005.

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ATCHISON, C. J., C. C. TAM, and B. A. LOPMAN. "Season of birth and risk of rotavirus diarrhoea in children aged <5 years." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 7 (2009): 957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808001933.

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SUMMARYThis study investigates whether a child's risk of rotavirus diarrhoea is associated with season of birth in England and Wales, countries where rotavirus infections are highly seasonal. Poisson regression models were fitted to weekly counts of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections from children aged &lt;5 years born between 1998 and 2007. In the first year of life, the risk of a laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection was significantly higher for children born in summer compared with winter [relative risk (RR) 2·13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·07–2·19]. In the second to fifth years of life, the pattern reversed (second year of life: RR 0·73, 95% CI 0·71–0·75). The cumulative risk up to age 5 years remained significantly higher for children born in summer compared with winter due to the increased risk for summer births during their first year of life. Maternal immunity and age-specific levels of exposure to rotavirus could explain our findings.
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Uldbjerg, Cecilie Skaarup, Jessica E. Miller, David Burgner, Lars Henning Pedersen, and Bodil Hammer Bech. "Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood asthma: a national birth cohort study investigating timing of exposure and mode of delivery." Archives of Disease in Childhood 106, no. 9 (2021): 888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-319659.

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ObjectiveTo investigate whether antibiotic exposure during pregnancy was associated with childhood asthma and if this relationship was conditional on timing of exposure and mode of delivery.DesignA cohort study using multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for a priori defined confounders. Pregnant women were recruited from 1996 to 2002.SettingThe Danish National Birth Cohort.PatientsOf the 96 832 children in the cohort, 32 651 children were included in the study population.Main outcome measureParent-reported childhood asthma at 11 years.ResultsA total of 5522 (17%) children were born to mothers exposed to antibiotics during pregnancy. In adjusted analyses, children born to exposed mothers had higher odds of asthma (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24). There was no association with antibiotic exposure in the first trimester (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.26), but higher odds were observed for antibiotic exposure in the second to third trimester (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.28), compared with unexposed children. The overall association between antibiotics during pregnancy and childhood asthma was only observed in vaginally born children (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.28) but not in caesarean section born children (planned caesarean section: OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.37; caesarean emergency: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.28). In exposed vaginally born children, the odds for childhood asthma requiring treatment during the preceding year were 34% higher (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.49), compared with unexposed vaginally born children.ConclusionsAntibiotic exposure in mid-to-late pregnancy is associated with higher odds of childhood asthma in vaginally born children. Mode of delivery may modify the association.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "First-born children Second-born children"

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Letsas, Ranya. "Developmental differences in early language production and comprehension between 21 month-old first born and second born children." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61151.

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This research was designed to provide information concerning the developmental differences in early language production and comprehension between 21 month-old first born and second born children. Furthermore, the study explored the assumption that more opportunities to hear conversations between the parent and the older sibling provide an advantage for second born children in learning personal pronouns.<br>Spontaneous speech productions of 16 first born children were compared to those of 16 second born children while in dyadic interactions with their mothers. First born children were observed in two 25 minute free-play dyadic interactions with their mothers. Second born children were observed in one 25 minute free-play mother-child dyadic interaction and in one 25 minute free-play mother-child-older sibling triadic interaction. All children were administered controlled tasks involving production and comprehension of first and second person pronouns.<br>Compared to first borns, second born children are not significantly delayed in general language development. Second borns' speech productions differ depending on whether or not their older sibling was present. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Beer, Jeremy Michael. "The influence of rearing order on personality : data from biological and adoptive siblings /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Burrow, A. L., and L. Lee Glenn. "Greater Healthcare Utilization in Pregnancies for First Born Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7500.

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Davidson, Gabrielle. "First and second born twins: a comparative study utilizing the Graffiths mental development scales - extended revised." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/669.

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Despite the concept of twins and twinning being a highly explored area of research for many years, limited research has been conducted on the comparison of first and second born twin development. The nature of twins leads people to believe that twins will present with similar characteristics, however, this study explores the possibility that due to their ordinal position they could in fact present with differing characteristics and could differ developmentally. The early holistic development of a child influences the rest of their lives. Concerning twins, the development of individuality and self-knowledge is especially important. Theorists, such as Piaget (1950), propose that child development takes place in stages and that although the order in which children proceed through these stages is the same, the pace at which this takes place can vary. The necessity of monitoring the child’s journey through these stages highlights the value of child developmental assessment. This form of assessment needs to be holistic, needs to involve a multidisciplinary team of professionals and needs to utilize assessment measures that are valid, reliable, culture-fair and standardized. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) is one such measure. This study, focusing on twin development, aimed to contribute and provide valuable information to a larger research project that is currently under way aiming to increase the applicability of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) in the South African context. The primary aim of the study, however, was to explore and compare the performance of normal first born and second born twins, aged between 2 and 8 years 4 months old, on the GMDS-ER. The purpose of the study was to generate information on the relationship between first born twins’ general development and second born twins’ general development. An exploratory, descriptive quantitative design was used. Participants were selected through a combination of non-probability purposive, convenience and snowball sampling. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and dependent sample t-tests were employed to compare the General Quotients (GQ’s) of the first and second born twins in the sample. Results showed that no significant differences were found between the first and second born twins’ general development. Information generated from this study contributed to 1) child development research; 2) twin developmental research within a South African context; and 3) a greater group of studies on the GMDS-ER, currently underway in the United Kingdom and South Africa, aiming to contribute to the international credibility of this measure
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Elwood, Edith Lynnette Pratt. "Identity negotiation and first birth : a study of social process /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Bloom, Laura A. "Parenting second first children what early childhood professionals need to know about mothers who have relinquished a child for adoption /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/bloom.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed Sept. 1, 2009). Additional advisors: Lois Christensen, Kay Emfinger, Grace Jepkemboi, Deborah Strevy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-102).
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Erickson-Owens, Debra A. "Milking the umbilical cord at term cesarean section : effect on hemoglobin levels in the first 48 hours of life /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3367990.

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Gottlieb, Laurie Naomi 1946. "Parental responsiveness and firstborn girls' adaptation to a new sibling." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72075.

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This study investigated firstborns' adjustment and responsiveness to a new sibling and parents' responsiveness to their firstborn before and after the second child's birth. Parental responsiveness was also examined in the context of predicting firstborns' adjustment and responsiveness to the sibling. Fifty families with firstborn daughters (26-55 mo) were visited at home 6-10 weeks before and 5-6 weeks after the sibling's birth. After the sibling's birth, young firstborns were more distressed than old firstborns; however, prenatal distress was the best predictor of postnatal distress. Old and young firstborns showed different patterns of responsiveness to brothers and sisters. In terms of parental responsiveness, firstborns perceived mothers as more responsive after the birth than before, while their perceptions of fathers remained unchanged. Mothers gave less support after the birth, particularly to old firstborns. Although fathers' support remained unchanged postnatally, fathers gave the least support to old firstborns with brothers. Time spent by mothers with firstborns decreased from before to after the birth, while fathers' time increased. Continuity was found for parental support but not for parental involvement, especially by fathers. Parental support was associated with low postnatal distress while parental caregiving was related to high postnatal distress. Prenatal maternal responsiveness and postnatal paternal responsiveness predicted postnatal distress. Firstborns' perceptions of parental responsiveness were generally associated with firstborns' responsiveness to the sibling. The results were discussed in terms of family-systems theory and stress-coping theory.
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Rotsaert, Marianne Helene Elise. "On the typical and atypical development of face processing and recognition during the first three months of life and in a population of school-aged children born prematurely." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3585/.

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Face stimuli challenge the infant's immature visual processing system's capacity to differentiate stimuli that differ in subtle ways. Experiments I to 4 investigated infants' preference for the human face between birth and 3 months of age when contrasted with four control stimuli. A visual preference technique was used because it does not call upon the participant's ability to speak. A spontaneous preference for a photographic representation of the human face was observed at birth for three out of four conditions. At 3 months of age, a preference for the human face was observed in two conditions. However, at I month of age, no preferences were observed. Findings did not support the view that the selectivity of the infant's responses to faces increases with exposure to faces and narrowing of the perceptual window (Nelson, 2001). Experiment 5 examined infants' ability to discriminate specific exemplars of the human face category, namely the mother's face, between I and 9 months of age. A preference for the mother's face was observed at I month. A tendency to prefer the stranger's face was observed at 3 months. No preference was observed at 6 and 9 months, thus suggesting that the visual preference procedure is not suitable for measuring recognition at these ages. Premature birth is associated with brain injury, which can lead to visual and intellectual deficits. Experiment 6 investigated general intelligence as well as face processing in school-aged children born prematurely and at term. Results indicated that premature children displayed levels within the normal range of intelligence. Furthermore, no long-term visual deficits were observed as performance levels for the discrimination of facial emotions were comparable between groups. Only premature children displayed an inversion effect, thereby demonstrating an adult-like face processing system.
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Freitas, Ana Paula Corrêa de Oliveira. "Práticas educativas parentais em relação ao filho único e ao primogênito em famílias com dois filhos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15406.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar eventuais diferenças das práticas educativas parentais com relação a filhos únicos e primogênitos de famílias com dois filhos. Participaram do estudo 22 famílias, das quais 12 com filhos únicos e 10 com dois filhos. As famílias foram emparelhadas conforme o nível sócio-econômico e pela idade e sexo dos filhos únicos e primogênitos. A idade dos filhos únicos variou entre 4,6 e 6,1 anos (M=5,5; dp=0,51) e a dos primogênitos entre 4,3 e 6,3 anos (M=5,1; dp=0,78). As mães e pais dos dois grupos responderam a uma entrevista sobre práticas educativas parentais. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Contrariando a hipótese inicial do estudo, o teste do qui-quadrado somente revelou diferença marginalmente significativa nas práticas de mães e pais com relação ao filho único. De maneira geral, verificou-se semelhança nas práticas educativas entre mães e pais em ambos os grupos de famílias. Os resultados são discutidos à luz da literatura, com vistas a entender os fatores que podem estar contribuindo para explicar as semelhanças das práticas educativas utilizadas para filhos únicos e primogênitos.<br>The aim of this study was to examine eventual differences in parental child-rearing practices related to only child and first born of two children families. Twenty two families participated in this study, 12 only-child families and 10 two-children families. Families were matched according to socioeconomic level, age and sex of only child and first born. Only children’s age ranged from 4,6 to 6,1 years (M=5,5; sd=0,51) and first borns were aged from 4,3 to 6,3 years (M=5,1; sd=0,78). Mothers and fathers of both groups were interviewed about parental child-rearing practices. Answers were content-analyzed. The hypothesis of the study was not supported. According to chi-square test marginally significant differences were obtained in maternal and paternal child-rearing practices related to only child. Results indicated agreement between mother’s and father’s childrearing practices in both groups. Issues described as determinants of childrearing practices are discussed considering the role of the family in child development.
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Books on the topic "First-born children Second-born children"

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Tago, Akira. "Chōjo" no tame no hon. Shinkōsha, 2003.

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Saitō, Shigeta. Chōnan no yome no hon. Futtowāku Shuppan, 1990.

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Wagner, Hilory. And baby makes four: Welcoming a second child into the family. Avon Books, 1998.

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Snarey, John R. How fathers care for the next generation: A four-decade study. Harvard University Press, 1993.

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Born to win: Keeping your firstborn edge without losing your balance. Revell, 2009.

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Saitō, Shigeta. "Chōnan" no tame no hon. Naminorisha, 2003.

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Keys to preparing and caring for your second child. Barron's Educational Series, 1991.

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Asher, Nesbit Jeffrey, ed. A powerful secret: A novel. Revell, a division of Baker Publishing Group, 2016.

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Asher, Nesbit Jeffrey, ed. A perfect ambition: A novel. Revell, a division of Baker Publishing Group, 2015.

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MacNish, Tracy. Veiled desires. Kensington Publishing, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "First-born children Second-born children"

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Korhel, Michal. "Children as ‘collateral damage’ of nationalisation campaigns? The persecution of ‘nationally unreliable’ persons in Czechoslovakia after the Second World War." In Children Born of War. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429199851-11-12.

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Drewes, Athena A. "Children Born Opioid-Addicted." In Infant Play Therapy. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429453083-15.

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Anderson, Kimberley. "Addressing the needs of mothers and their children born of conflict-related sexual violence: a framework for support in psychosocial settings." In Children Born of War. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429199851-7-8.

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Schretter, Lukas. "Alimony payments for children born of war: A case study of British occupation children in Austria and Germany after World War II." In Children Born of War. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429199851-9-10.

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Haberkern, Lisa. "Transgenerational transmission of memories." In Children Born of War. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429199851-10-11.

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Schretter, Lukas, Kanako Kuramitsu, and Nastassia Sertsté. "Ethical challenges in conducting interviews with children born of war: reflections on navigating participants' expectations." In Children Born of War. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429199851-3-4.

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Akullo, Eunice, and Boniface Ojok. "Researching children born of war in Uganda: methodological reflections on the inclusion of minors in CBOW research." In Children Born of War. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429199851-5-6.

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Glaesmer, Heide, Barbara Stelzl-Marx, and Sabine Lee. "Introduction." In Children Born of War. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429199851-nan-1.

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Käuper, Eva. "Children born of the Indochina War: national ‘reclassification,’ diversity, and multiple feelings of belonging." In Children Born of War. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429199851-13-14.

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Roupetz, Sophie, Amra Delic, and Heide Glaesmer. "An intergenerational perspective on conflict-related sexual violence against women: female survivors and their children born of war rape." In Children Born of War. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429199851-6-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "First-born children Second-born children"

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Edelbroek, Nikki, Alike Kamerbeek, and Gerdien Tramper. "First year of life respiratory symptoms in premature born children." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1343.

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Parzulova, Mariyana. "A STUDY ON THE FIRST NAMES OF THE CHILDREN BORN IN BURGAS IN THE PERIOD 2013 – 2018." In International Annual Conference of the Institute for Bulgarian Language (Sofia, 2021). Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/confibl2021.i.06.

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Olabarrieta, Iciar, Maite Beato, Patricia Alonso, María Arroyas, Ersilia González, and Maria Luz García. "Recurrent Wheezing in a Spanish Cohort of Children Born Moderate-to-Late Preterm in Their First 2 Years of Life." In 9th ICCN International Conference on Clinical Neonatology—Selected Abstracts. Thieme Medical Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716971.

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Blyth, FJ, R. Coombs, A. Kostakis, and J. Choi. "G173(P) A review of ophthalmological and wider health outcomes of children born to opioid misusing mothers." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.168.

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Yang, Weiguang, Guillaume Troianowski, Alexandre Birolleau, Irene Vignon-Clementel, Jeffrey A. Feinstein, and Alison L. Marsden. "Virtual Design for the Fontan Procedure: From Idealized to Patient Specific Models Using CFD and Derivative-Free Optimization." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19683.

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Single ventricle congenital heart defects are among the most challenging for pediatric cardiologists to treat. Children born with these defects are cyanotic, and these conditions are nearly uniformly fatal without treatment. A series of surgeries is performed to palliate single ventricle defects. The first stage consists of aortic reconstruction in a Norwood procedure. In the second stage, the Bidirectional Glenn procedure, the superior vena cava (SVC) is disconnected from the heart and redirected into the pulmonary arteries (PA’s). In the third and final stage, the Fontan procedure, the inferior vena cava (IVC) is connected to the PA’s via a straight Gore-Tex tube, forming a T-shaped junction with or without offset. Patient specific modeling tools provide a means to evaluate new designs with the goal of lowering long-term morbidity and improving patients’ quality of life.
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Fitriani, Dyah Ayu, and Fathiyatur Rohmah. "http://theicph.com/id_ID/2020/12/06/the-effect-of-ginger-extract-consumption-on-reducing-morning-sickness-in-first-trimester-of-pregnant-women-at-pratama-mariana-clinic-medan-north-sumatra/224-nurhidaya-fitria-ida-lestari-tampubolon/." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.45.

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ABSTRACT Background: Due to chronic malnutrition, stunting is a condition that prevents young children (children under five) from growing up, resulting in underage. Malnutrition occurs from the time the baby enters the uterus to the early days after the baby is born. Still, the developmental delay only occurs after the baby is two years old. This study aimed to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in children under five. Subjects and Methods: This was a case control study conducted in Harjobinangun Village, 2018. A sampel of 42 study subjects of toddlers aged 24-59 months were selected by accidental sampling. The dependent variable was incidence of stunting. The independent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The data were collected by observation and questionnaire. The data were analysed by Chi-square. Results: There was no relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting (OR = 1.276; 95% CI = 0.439-3.706; p = 0.653). The results of the study that of 42 respondents there were 21 (19.26%) under-fives who stunted and most of the children under five aged 24-59 months in Harjobinangun Village were not given exclusive breastfeeding as many as 24 respondents (57.1%). Conclusion: Optimally exclusive breastfeeding is still at risk of stunting if it is not given adequate complementary breastfeeding and good and correct breastfeeding. Keywords: Toddler, Stunting Incidence, Exclusive Breastfeeding Correspondence: Dyah Ayu Fitriani, Aisyiyah University Yogyakarta. Jl. Ring Road Barat No. 63 Mlangi, Nogotirto, Sleman district, Yogyakarta. fituri32@gmail.com. 081233461060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.45
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Morris, S., C. Harris, A. Lunt, J. Peacock, and A. Greenough. "G449 Lung function at follow-up of very prematurely born young people – impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.438.

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Syuadzah, Rahmi, Hari Wahyu Nugroho, and Safitri Tia Tampy. "Association between Maternal Weight and A Newborn Weight in Surakarta, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.12.

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ABSTRACT Background: In Indonesia, nutrition is still the 5 biggest problem for mothers and children. Nutrition in the mother during pregnancy will affect the nutrition the infant gets while in the womb. Nutrition in children is very important in the first 1000 days of life because it will affect the growth and development of the infant. One way to assess the nutritional adequacy of new born is by measuring the infant’s weight at birth. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal weight and birth weight. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Pajang Community Health Center, Surakarta, Central Java. The study subjects were all mothers and infants whose birth weight were measured during February to March 2020. The dependent variable in this study was maternal weight. The independent variable was birth weight. The data were taken from the medical records of the Pajang Community Health Center. The data were analyzed using logistic regression test Results: Maternal weight below the normal weight had tendency to produce babies with less weight than pregnant women with normal maternal weight (OR= 55.00; p&lt;0.001), and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between maternal weight of pregnant women and birth weight Keywords: maternal weight, birth weight Correspondence: Rahmi Syuadzah. Pediatric Research Center (PRC), Department of Child Health, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Jl. Colonel Sutarto, Jebres, Kec. Jebres, Surakarta City, Central Java 57126. Email: Rahmi_syuadzah@yahoo.com. Mobile: 082144806405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.12
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Hallinan, E., M. Fewtrell, V. Palit, P. Winyard, and H. Bedford. "G118(P) Associations between postnatal growth rates and cognitive outcomes at age 16 years in infants born small-for-gestational-age at term." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.114.

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Chiulli, John A., Timothy A. Conover, Sharmad S. Joshi, Richard S. Figliola, and Tain-Yen Hsia. "Experimentally Modeling Patient-Specific Fontan Circulations Including Respiration Effects Using a Mock Circulatory System." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53553.

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The Fontan circulation is the result of a series of operations performed on children born with univentricular circulations (1). These congenital heart defects are uniformly fatal if left alone. After birth, an operation is performed to assure that the child receives enough blood flow to the lungs, but not too much in order to avoid pulmonary vascular disease. Once the child reaches 2–4 years of age, the child’s blood vessels are sufficiently large for the Fontan operation. The Fontan operation connects the great systemic veins directly to the pulmonary arteries, bypassing the right ventricle entirely. One method of the Fontan procedure, which is known as the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), achieves venous return to the pulmonary circulation without a ventricular power source. The load on the heart is reduced, and these patients can lead a normal life into adulthood; although late complications continue to prevent normal lifespan. One unique feature of the Fontan circulation is reliance of the inferior vena cava (IVC) flow on respiration, and flow reversal in the IVC and hepatic vein during expiratory phase of breathing (2). Hsia et al. (3) suggest that reducing flow reversal in the hepatic vein will improve the outcome of the Fontan operation. The goal of this study is to model experimentally the Fontan circulation for a variety of different patients using an adjustable mock circulatory system, which for the first time includes the influence of respiration.
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Reports on the topic "First-born children Second-born children"

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Komlos, John, and Ariane Breitfelder. The height of US-born non-Hispanic children and adolescents ages 2-19, born 1942-2002 in the NHANES Samples. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13324.

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Pillay, B.Sc., Jennifer, Khrista Boylan, M.D., Ph.D., FRCPC, and Normand Carrey, FRCPC. First- and Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Children and Young Adults: Systematic Review Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer184.

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Crawford, Claire, Ellen Greaves, and Lorraine Dearden. Does when you are born matter? The impact of month of birth on children's cognitive and non-cognitive skills in England. IFS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2011.00122.

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Lambon-Quayefio, Monica P. The Challenges of Child Labour Research: Data Challenges and Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/acha.2021.006.

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his Rapid Review is an attempt to instigate a broader discussion on child labour by considering the various dimensions and angles associated with the phenomenon beyond the straitjacket definitions provided in most reports. Its objectives are threefold. First, it aims to determine whether re-analysis of existing data sets is likely to yield new insights into the forms, prevalence and drivers of children’s work in agriculture in Ghana. Second, it aims to provide specific guidance on how these re-analyses might be undertaken and framed. And third, it aims to determine whether any of the available data sets might be used to map the number or density of children to the main agro-ecological zones or agricultural systems. In doing this, the review describes the nature of child work in the agricultural sector, highlighting areas that have often been ignored in the literature. The conclusion offers suggestions for future research on child labour based on our renewed understanding of the broad concept of child work.
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Pritchett, Lant, and Martina Viarengo. Learning Outcomes in Developing Countries: Four Hard Lessons from PISA-D. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/069.

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The learning crisis in developing countries is increasingly acknowledged (World Bank, 2018). The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include goals and targets for universal learning and the World Bank has adopted a goal of eliminating learning poverty. We use student level PISA-D results for seven countries (Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, Senegal, and Zambia) to examine inequality in learning outcomes at the global, country, and student level for public school students. We examine learning inequality using five dimensions of potential social disadvantage measured in PISA: sex, rurality, home language, immigrant status, and socio-economic status (SES)—using the PISA measure of ESCS (Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) to measure SES. We document four important facts. First, with the exception of Ecuador, less than a third of the advantaged (male, urban, native, home speakers of the language of instruction) and ESCS elite (plus 2 standard deviations above the mean) children enrolled in public schools in PISA-D countries reach the SDG minimal target of PISA level 2 or higher in mathematics (with similarly low levels for reading and science). Even if learning differentials of enrolled students along all five dimensions of disadvantage were eliminated, the vast majority of children in these countries would not reach the SDG minimum targets. Second, the inequality in learning outcomes of the in-school children who were assessed by the PISA by household ESCS is mostly smaller in these less developed countries than in OECD or high-performing non-OECD countries. If the PISA-D countries had the same relationship of learning to ESCS as Denmark (as an example of a typical OECD country) or Vietnam (a high-performing developing country) their enrolled ESCS disadvantaged children would do worse, not better, than they actually do. Third, the disadvantages in learning outcomes along four characteristics: sex, rurality, home language, and being an immigrant country are absolutely large, but still small compared to the enormous gap between the advantaged, ESCS average students, and the SDG minimums. Given the massive global inequalities, remediating within-country inequalities in learning, while undoubtedly important for equity and justice, leads to only modest gains towards the SDG targets. Fourth, even including both public and private school students, there are strikingly few children in PISA-D countries at high levels of performance. The absolute number of children at PISA level 4 or above (reached by roughly 30 percent of OECD children) in the low performing PISA-D countries is less than a few thousand individuals, sometimes only a few hundred—in some subjects and countries just double or single digits. These four hard lessons from PISA-D reinforce the need to address global equity by “raising the floor” and targeting low learning levels (Crouch and Rolleston, 2017; Crouch, Rolleston, and Gustafsson, 2020). As Vietnam and other recent successes show, this can be done in developing country settings if education systems align around learning to improve the effectiveness of the teaching and learning processes to improve early learning of foundational skills.
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Eye‐tracking for longitudinal assessment of social cognition in children born preterm – video abstract. ACAMH, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.13165.

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