To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: First-born children.
Journal articles on the topic 'First-born children'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'First-born children.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Cheng, Wenrui, Xinwen Liu, and Yangyang Yue. "The Influence of Age Gap between First-born and Second-born Child on First-born Academic Self-efficacy - The Mediating Role of Parent Involvement." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 6, no. 1 (2023): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/6/20220403.
Full textAbstract:
With the introduction of the national policy to encourage childbearing, the proportion of families with multiple children has been increasing. It is meaningful to explore whether in multiple children families the age gap between kids affects the childrens academic behaviour. This study aims to explore whether the age gap between the eldest child and the second-born child has an impact on the academic self-efficacy of the eldest child, and if the parental involvement works as a mediating role in this process. A questionnaire survey was used to survey 627 students across the country. The results of the study are: Parental involvement was significantly correlated with academic self-efficacy, and there were significant gender differences in parental involvement, with boys' parents having more involvement. The age gap between the eldest child and the second child was negatively correlated with the academic self-efficacy of the eldest child, and the correlation was significant. Age gap influences the eldest childs academic self-efficacy through parental involvement, and the mediating effect accounts for 59.53% of the total effect.
2
张, 玉. "A Survey of First-Born Children’s Acceptance of Second-Born Children." Advances in Psychology 12, no. 05 (2022): 1783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2022.125213.
Full text
3
Knaplund, Kristine. "Children of Assisted Reproduction." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 45.4 (2012): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.45.4.children.
Full textAbstract:
More than three decades after the birth of the first child conceived through in vitro fertilization, few states have comprehensive statutes to establish the parentage of children born using assisted reproduction techniques (ART). While thousands of such children are born each year courts struggle to apply outdated laws. For example, does a statute terminating paternity for a man who donates sperm to a married woman apply if the woman is unmarried? In 2008, the Uniform Probate Code (UPC) added two much-needed sections on the complicated parentage and inheritance issues that arise in the field of assisted reproduction. Yet it is unclear whether states will enact these new UPC sections; few states have enacted comparable provisions of the Uniform Parentage Act (UPA). The issues can be controversial, particularly regarding children born years after an intended parent's death, or when the discussion turns to enforcement of a contract for a gestational carrier, the preferred term for a surrogate mother. This Article explores the legal landscape for children conceived through assisted insemination, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and other techniques. The Article discusses the differences between the UPA and UPC sections that concern assisted reproduction. It examines the critical normative and ethical questions answered by these statutes and analyzes the likelihood that states will adopt either uniform act. The Article looks briefly at gestational carrier agreements to consider whether and how they should be enforced. The Article concludes by noting the need for legislation, the virtues of the UPC over the UPA, and the hope that states will address all those who use ART including gay and lesbian couples, and single parents.
4
Ayyavoo, Ahila, Tim Savage, José G. B. Derraik, Paul L. Hofman, and Wayne S. Cutfield. "First-born Children Have Reduced Insulin Sensitivity and Higher Daytime Blood Pressure Compared to Later-Born Children." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 98, no. 3 (2013): 1248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3531.
Full text
5
Kureishi, Wataru, and Midori Wakabayashi. "Why do first-born children live together with parents?" Japan and the World Economy 22, no. 3 (2010): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2010.03.005.
Full text
6
Guilbert, Nathalie, and Karine Marazyan. "MOTHER SINGLEHOOD AT FIRST BIRTH AND MORTALITY RISKS OF FIRST- AND LATER-BORN CHILDREN: THE CASE OF SENEGAL." Journal of Demographic Economics 84, no. 1 (2018): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2018.1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which being born to a single mother affects a child’s survival rate in Senegal, a context where girls’ premarital sexual relationships are still widely stigmatized. It also examines whether any negative effect persists up to affecting the survival rate of children of higher birth order born after the mother has married. Using data from Demographic and Health Survey, we find that the mortality rate is higher for first-born boys, but not for first-born daughters, whose mother was single at the time of their birth, and lower for second-born children whose sister, but not brother, was born out of wedlock. The latter effect is actually driven by children from older cohorts of women. Therefore, strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of the stigma associated with a premarital birth seem to exist but vary with the gender of the child born premarital in Senegal. In addition, persisting negative effects appear to have decreased over time. Potential channels through which boys born from a single mother are at a higher risk of death in the country are discussed. Overall, our findings indicate that social programs targeting single mothers, especially when they gave birth to a boy, would help avoiding dramatic events as the death of a child.
7
Baudoin, P., I. E. Van Der Horst-Bruinsma, A. J. Dekker-Saeys, S. Weinreich, P. D. Bezemer, and B. A. C. Dijkmans. "Increased risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis among first-born children." Arthritis & Rheumatism 43, no. 12 (2000): 2818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2818::aid-anr23>3.0.co;2-f.
Full text
8
McCann, Stewart J. H. "Birth Order of past Presidents and Schlesinger's History Cycles: Support for Stewart's Leadership Theory." Psychological Reports 88, no. 2 (2001): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.375.
Full textAbstract:
Stewart's hypothesis (1992) that adults who were only-children and first-born children are most suited to lead communities in more turbulent times while adults who were later-born children are most suited to lead in more tranquil times was tested by relating the male birth order of elected presidents to Schlesinger's 1986 public purpose and private interest periods. Consistent with Stewart's hypothesis, candidates who were only-children and first-born children tended to win during public purpose phases, which are characterized by the turbulence of greater political commitment, idealism, and broad social change.
9
Brandon, Peter David. "The Living Arrangements of Children in Immigrant Families in the United States." International Migration Review 36, no. 2 (2002): 416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00087.x.
Full textAbstract:
Little is known about the living arrangements of first- and second-generation immigrant children. Using data from the Current Population Survey and a multivariate approach, I compared living arrangements of immigrant children to U.S.-born white children with U.S.-born parents. Findings show, except for foreign-born black and some Hispanic children, that foreign-born children lived with married parents more frequently than did U.S.-born white children with U.S.-born parents. However, by the third generation, a pattern emerged showing a decline in living with married parents among some immigrant children and a rise in living with single parents. The noticeable “downward assimilation” among some second- and third-generation immigrant children fits a theory of segmented assimilation and is concerning because single-parent families confront more social problems and sociodemographic risks.
10
Damkjaer, Mads, Stine Kjaer Urhoj, Joachim Tan, et al. "Prescription of cardiovascular medication in children with congenital heart defects across six European Regions from 2000 to 2014: data from the EUROlinkCAT population-based cohort study." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (2022): e057400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057400.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesAdvances in surgical management strategies have substantially reduced fatality from congenital heart defects (CHD). Decreased infant mortality might be expected, consequentially to result in greater morbidity in older children due to complications later in childhood and adolescence. This study aims to evaluate the use of cardiovascular medication (CVM) as an indicator of disease burden in children born with CHD in the first 10 years of life.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingSix population-based registries from the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) network participated. Data from live born children with major congenital anomalies (CA) born from 2000 to 2014 were linked to prescription databases. Four groups of children were analysed: CA, CHD, severe CHD (sCHD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) without sCHD. Live born children without CA were included as reference group.ParticipantsWe obtained data on 61 038 children born with a CA, including 19 678 with CHD, 3392 with sCHD, 12 728 children with VSD without sCHD, and 1 725 496 reference children.ResultsChildren born with sCHD were the most likely to receive a CVM prescription (42.9%, 95% CI, 26.3 to 58.5) in the first year of life compared with 13.3% (6.7 to 22.0) of children with any CHD, 5.9% (3.7 to 8.7) of children with any CA and 0.1% (0.0 to 0.1) of reference children. Medication was less likely to be prescribed after the first year of life for sCHD; 18.8% (14.8 to 23.1) for children 1–4 years and 15.8% (12.0 to 20.1) 5–9 years. Children with sCHD were most likely to receive a diuretic (36.4%, 18.6 to 54.5), an antihypertensive (6.9%, 3.7 to 11.3) or a beta-blocker (5.5%, 2.9 to9.2).ConclusionAlmost half of all children with sCHD were prescribed CVM in their first year of life. For all four groups of children with anomalies, the proportion of children with a CVM prescription decreased with age.
11
Pavlyukova, E. N., M. V. Kolosova, G. A. Neklyudova, and R. S. Karpov. "Influence of feeding on the left ventricular mechanics in children born with low and extremely low body weight." Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 35, no. 3 (2020): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2020-35-3-67-78.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the types of left ventricular (LV) rotation depending on the nature of feeding during the first year of life in oneto five-year-old children born with very low and extremely low body weight.Material and Methods. The study included 88 children aged one to five years, born deeply premature with very low and extremely low body weight. The comparison group consisted of 46 healthy children of the same age, born full-term. TheLV mechanics was studied based on the assessment ofLV rotation at the levels of the mitral valve, papillary muscles, and apex andLV twist using two-dimensional echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle-tracking strain imaging.Results. Differences between the types ofLV twist and the nature of feeding during the first year of life in oneto five-year-old children born with very low and extremely low body weight were identified. In children with natural feeding, the first (“adult”) type ofLV twist was registered in 75% of cases; the fourth type ofLV twist was detected in 12.5% of cases. In children with bottle-feeding during the first year of life, the “adult” type ofLV twist was registered in 34.38% of cases; fourth type ofLV twist was detected in 40.63% of children born deeply premature. In children with mixed feeding during the first year of life, the ratio ofLV twist types was as follows: 40.63% of patients had the first “adult” type; “child” types were present in 18.75% and 18.75% of children, respectively; fourth type of twist was detected in 21.88%.
12
Jaquet, D., J. Leger, M. D. Tabone, P. Czernichow, and C. Levy-Marchal. "High Serum Leptin Concentrations during Catch-Up Growth of Children Born with Intrauterine Growth Retardation1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84, no. 6 (1999): 1949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.6.5744.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to investigate how leptin could be involved in catch-up growth of children born with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The study population was made up of 70 newborns with IUGR longitudinally studied during the first 2 yr of life and 35 newborns and 32, 66, and 61 children with normal birth weight aged 3 days, 12 months, and 24 months, respectively. Postnatal patterns of body mass index (BMI) were similar in the 2 groups, but BMI remained significantly lower in IUGR over the study period. In contrast, children born with IUGR aged 1 yr had significantly higher serum leptin levels than normal children (P &lt; 0.0001) independently of BMI. The correlation observed between BMI and serum leptin at birth in both groups and in the control group thereafter disappeared in children born with IUGR. Similarly, sexual dimorphism observed in normal children over the study period was not observed in the IUGR group during the first 2 yr of life. In summary, serum leptin is effective and regulated during the first years of life as it is in older children. Children born with IUGR demonstrate high serum leptin values during the first year of life, with a loss of the regulatory effect of BMI and gender. We suggest that these children develop an adaptative leptin resistance beneficial for their catch-up growth. An alternative hypothesis is that these observations could reflect an adipocyte dysfunction, a consequence of the special time course of adipose tissue development in children born with IUGR.
13
Hendrawati, Lucy Dyah. "Pitungan and birth variations of first-born among Javanese ethnic population in Indonesia." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 34, no. 4 (2021): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v34i42021.431-445.
Full textAbstract:
There is a phenomenon among the Javanese ethnic population, in which many wedding ceremonies are held whenever the Javanese calendar points to particular months such as Besar, Rejeb, and Ruwah, because marrying in those months is believed to bring good fortune. This study aimed to analyze the influence of wedding date determination through pitungan and feeling safe on birth variations of first-born and the number of children the wife gives birth to. The research was conducted in Blitar City, Blitar Regency, and Surabaya City with 193 married couples. Linear Regression and Chi-square were the statistical tests used in this research. Chi-square and Linear Regression tests proved that pitungan affects the birth variations of first-born (p = 0.004; p = 0.004) and the number of children a couple has (p = 0.007; p = 0.002). Both Chi-square and Linear Regression proved that feeling safe (roso slamet) does not have any significant effect on birth variations of first-born (p = 0.162; p = 0.767) and the number of children in household (p = 0.863; p = 0.680). The conclusion is that there is an important relationship between pitungan and birth variation in which the more pitungan is done, the sooner first-born is given birth to and the more children a married couple has.
14
Bulatova, Elena M., Alexandr M. Shabalov, Natalia M. Bogdanova, Alexandr I. Shilov, Emma G. Oganesiyan, and Nadezhda S. Kuritsyna. "Features of species composition of intestinal bifidobacterium and microbial metabolism profile in children of the first half of life depending on the way of delivery." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 9, no. 1 (2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped9111-16.
Full textAbstract:
Changes of intestinal microbiome in first year of life, related with cesarean section, are the most unfavorable and have long-term negative immunological and metabolic effects. The aim of the study. Evaluate the species composition of Bifidobacterium, range of Short-chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) in feces in children, who were born by natural way or with cesarean section, for clarification their diagnostic value in the process of formation of microbiocenosis in children. Materials and methods. Exa mined 60 children in the age of 4-6 months. 48 children were born in natural way and 12 were born by cesarean section. All of them were full-term and were on breastfeeding. Functional disorders of digestion were noted in 49 children (81,7%). Researchs that were conducted: microbiological examination of feces, typing of Bifidobacterium (PCR), definition of SCFA (C2 – acetic acid, C3 – propionic acid, C4 – butyric acid, C5 – valeric acid, C6 – caproic acid) content in feces. Results. III-grade dysbiotic changes in intestines were found significantly less in natural-way born (NW) children in comparison with cesarean section (CS) born children (14,58 и 33,33%; p < 0,05). In natural-way born children, infant strains of Bifidobacterium were not detected just in 12.5% but after cesarean section in 25% (p < 0,05). One infant strain of Bifidobacterium was in 41,67% of NW born children and in 25% CS born children (p > 0,05). Established, that content of acetic acid was significantly higher in NW born children (1,59 ± 0,75 и 1,04 ± 0,56; p < 0,05). Conclusion. In CS born children, impoverishment of the intestines by infantile species of Bifidobacterium, lower content of acetic acid, were detected significantly more often. It shows decrease of activity and amount of obligatory anaerobic bacteria (Bifidum-, Lacto-) in intestines, increased activity of opportunistic flora. That can be used in practical healthcare with diagnostic purpose.
15
Ivanov, Dmitry O., Lyudmila V. Kozlova, and Vitaly V. Derevtsov. "Neuropsychiatric development of children in the first 6 months of life born with fetus growth delay." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, no. 1 (2017): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped8140-49.
Full textAbstract:
Features of the neurological status and neuropsychiatric development (NPD) in children at the age of 6 month of life born with fetus growth delay (G 1) in comparison with children born without fetus growth delay (G 2) are revealed in the article. Attention group was composed of 13 (22.41%) of children G 1. NPD delay was reported in 15.69% of children in G 1 and in 20.51% of children in G 2 at the age of 3 month of life. Thus, 13.73% of G 1 children (17.59% of G 2 children) were included in the attention group while 1.96% of G 1 children (2.56% of G 2 children) composed the control group. By the end of the first six months of life proper NPD was observed in the same percentage of cases (33.33% in G 1). Lower harmonious development dominated in all cases, but non-harmonious NRD was observed in children of G 2 born with fetus growth delay. Attention group was composed of 58.82% of G 1 children, risk group – of 5.88% and dispensary group – of 1.96%. Changes in the following lines of development were registered: general movement, active speech, skills and social behavior.
16
Tomanek, Paweł. "Birth Order, Gender, and Naming Preferences in Contemporary Poland." Names 71, no. 1 (2023): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2023.2387.
Full textAbstract:
The paper investigates how birth order and gender jointly influence naming decisions among Polish parents. The impact of birth order on the choice of first names has been extensively documented in historical and anthropological studies worldwide, but it has been largely ignored in sociological research on contemporary Western countries. The study is based on a survey of 317 users of a Polish parenting forum devoted to first names and naming decisions. The names of the first-born and second-born children of the research participants are compared in terms of their popularity and traditionality, measured both objectively and subjectively, in regard to the subjective motives declared behind the naming choices. The findings show that, on the whole, the first-born children received more popular and more traditional names than the second-borns. However, when the gender of the children was figured in, the difference between the first-born and the second-born boys turned out statistically significant only in the dimension of traditionality, whereas between the first-born and the second-born girls, only in the dimension of popularity. In a within-family comparison, the names given to siblings were found to be fairly consistent in both dimensions, and the gender of the first child influenced the preferences for the second one, especially if the latter was a girl. Those results can be interpreted in the frame of different social expectations towards the genders, with a particular focus on gendered concepts of the self.
17
Simchenko, A. V., and M. G. Devyaltovskaya. "IMMUNOTOPIC ANOMALIES OF CONSTITUTION IN CHILDREN BORN FROM MOTHERS WITH TRANSPLANTED ORGANS AND TISSUES." Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 20, no. 3 (2022): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2022-20-3-255-260.
Full textAbstract:
Constitutional anomalies are borderline variants of the body development. The purpose is to study the constitutional features in children born to mothers with transplants, as well as to assess the immunological status of these children during the first year of life. Material and methods. The immunological status of 18 children born to mothers with transplants was studied using monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence during the first year of life. Results. The functional immaturity of the immune system in the form of insufficiency of the immunoregulatory link of immunity was established. We identified three types of immunotopic anomalies of the constitution in children born from mothers with transplanted organs: atopic, hyperergic and hypoimmune.
18
Arsyad, Syahmida Syahbuddin, and Septi Nurhayati. "DETERMINAN FERTILITAS DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 11, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v11i1.65.
Full textAbstract:
Fertility experiences stagnation during the last 10 years (2.6 children) and it did not reach the target of national medium-term development plan 2015 for 2.1 children. Meanwhile, the use of contraception increased less than one percent, and mortality rate of children under five years old only slightly declined. This might be because Population and Family Planning Program is not a priority. This paper aims to analyze direct and/or indirect factors that significantly cotribute to children born alive based on IDHS 2012. The IDHS 2012 data collect 45.607 women aged 15-49 years as sample units. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics for univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (multiple linear regression). Twenty-four variables have a significant relationship to the children born alive, eleven of the variables have strong effect to the children born alive. By taking into account control variables, the eleven variables contribute 66 per cent to children born alive. Child mortality is the most dominant variable that contributes to a children born alive This is in line with the theory of Alberto that said child mortality trigger to have more children. The results also explain that stagnation of fertility can not be separated from slow rate of mortality. Recommendations that developed by this analysis include the strengthening of communication, education, information, especially delayed age at first marriage, age at first birth and age at first sexual intercourse for young women, the lowest wealth quintile, low education through The Information Center of Adolescent Reproductive Health Councelling; b). Partnership with the Ministry of Health, especially strengthening education and information communication and quality of services mother and child care program concerning the high contribution of child mortality to the children ever born.
19
BERKOWITZ KING, ROSALIND. "RELATIVE INFLUENCES ON RECENT CHANGES IN THE FIRST BIRTH RATIO IN THE UNITED STATES." Journal of Biosocial Science 36, no. 1 (2004): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932004006029.
Full textAbstract:
Researchers in psychology have focused a great deal of attention on the potential greater predisposition to achievement among first-born children relative to their siblings. Focusing on the United States as an example, a time series of the first birth ratio is used to show how the changing prevalence of first births relative to higher order births has altered the composition of birth cohorts, and the ratio is decomposed into four factors. Results show that the ratio increased significantly in the 1960s and early 1970s, but changed only slightly in the following decades. While more recent birth cohorts are composed of larger proportions of first-born children, the majority of children are still born as siblings. Contrary to expectations, the primary source of change was the proportion childless rather than decreasing higher order birth rates.
20
Han, Shu, Xiaohan Zhang, Rui Li, et al. "Effect of birth order on stereoacuity in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (2020): e032833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032833.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between birth order and stereoacuity among Chinese children aged 60–72 months.DesignCross-sectional.Participants1342 children with complete data on the questionnaire, stereoacuity and refraction were included.ResultsThe mean stereoacuity was 53.2±1.7, 56.9±1.9 and 60.9±1.5 s of arc in the first-born group, second-born group and third-born group, respectively. Lower birth order was significantly correlated with better stereoacuity (p=0.036). Third-borns (OR=3.02, p=0.027) were at higher risk of having subnormal stereoacuity compared with first-borns in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionLater-borns had poorer stereoacuity than first-borns.
21
Permatasari, Dewi Fitria, and Sri Sumarmi. "Differences of Born Body Length, History of Infectious Diseases, and Development between Stunting and Non-Stunting Toddlers." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 6, no. 2 (2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v6i22018.182-191.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting reflects the largely result of inadequate nutrition and attacks recurring infections in the first 1.000 days of life, that cause in develepmental obstacles. Purpose: This study was to analyze the differences born body length, history of infectious diseases, development between stunting, and non stunting children age 24-36 months. Methods: The type of this research was observational analytic with case control study. The sample size was 68 toddlers consist of 34 stunting childrens as case group and 34 non stunting children as control group in the catchment area of Jagir Public Helath Center in Surabaya. Sampling technique using simple random sampling. The observed variabls were born body length, history of infectious diseases, and child development. The data were collected using microtoise, questionnaire, and Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) sheets. Data were analyzed using chi square test. Results: This research showed significancy between stunting and non stunting children with difference of born body length (p = 0,01), history of infectious diseases (p = 0,01), and toddlers’ development (p = 0,01). Conclusion: There were difference variables of born body length, history of infectious diseases, and development between stunting and non stunting children age 24-36 months.
22
Homaira, Nusrat, Nancy Briggs, Christopher Pardy, et al. "Association between respiratory syncytial viral disease and the subsequent risk of the first episode of severe asthma in different subgroups of high-risk Australian children: a whole-of-population-based cohort study." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (2017): e017936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017936.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo determine the contribution of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to the subsequent development of severe asthma in different subgroups of children at risk of severe RSV disease.SettingsThe study was conducted in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.ParticipantsThe study comprised all children born in NSW between 2000 and 2010 with complete follow-up till 31 December 2011. The cohort was divided into three subgroups: (1) non-Indigenous high-risk children: non-Indigenous children born preterm or born with a low birth weight; (2) Indigenous children: children of mothers whose Indigenous status was recorded as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander and (3) non-Indigenous standard risk children: all other non-Indigenous term children.Primary outcome measureRisk of development of severe asthma in different subgroups of children who had RSV hospitalisation in the first 2 years of life compared with those who did not.DesignWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis using population-based linked administrative data. Extended Cox model was used to determine HR and 95% CI around the HR for first asthma hospitalisation in different subgroups of children.ResultsThe cohort comprised 847 516 children born between 2000 and 2010. In the adjusted Cox model, the HR of first asthma hospitalisation was higher and comparable across all subgroups of children who had RSV hospitalisation compared with those who did not. The HR (95% CI) was highest in children aged 2–3 years; 4.3 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.9) for high-risk, 4.0 (95% CI 3.3 to 4.8) for Indigenous and 3.9 (95% CI 3.7 to 4.1) for non-Indigenous standard risk children. This risk persisted beyond 7 years of age.ConclusionThis large study confirms a comparable increased risk of first asthma hospitalisation following RSV disease in the first 2 years of life across different subgroups children at risk.
23
Laufer-Ukeles, Pamela. "The Lost Children: When the Right to Children Conflicts with the Rights of Children." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 8, no. 2 (2014): 219–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2014-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this essay, I consider the tension between the drive toward the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and the state’s failure to protect interests of children born of ART. I ask the question whether ART should be regulated for the sake of future children’s interests. Taking a narrow view of rights, this essay argues that despite the considerable obstacles posed by Derek Parfit’s non-identity problem and the ambiguity surrounding how to optimize and identify what is “best” for children under the “best interests” standard, there are still basic civil rights of children born of ART that must be ensured in ART regulation. Therefore, regulation of ART for the sake of children is justifiable and necessary but in a limited manner. To demonstrate how conflict can arise between the use of ART and the basic rights of children born of ART I first turn to the example of Israel where the use of ART can affect the resulting child’s personal status, which can affect a person’s ability to marry. This tension is particularly stark in Israel, where procreative support from the state is extreme, and relatively easy fixes could relieve much of the problem. But, the same tension plays out in other nations in which the use of ART leads to the creation of children whose basic needs are not sufficiently addressed. In particular, I discuss the lack of access to health information from gamete donors in the U.S. and the failure to provide citizenship and legal parenthood to children born of international surrogates in a number of other countries. I argue that while procreation is a valid goal it cannot come at the cost of the social and basic civil rights of children. State policy and laws must ensure that children born of ART will be full citizens upon their birth. In sum, regulating ART can be justified for the sake of future children but I suggest that such regulation be drawn narrowly and only to ensure children’s basic civil rights.
24
Boiarska, L. M., T. V. Velikanova, E. I. Podlianova, and N. N. Korotina. "Rehabilitation of children born prematurely during the first three years of life." SOVREMENNAYA PEDIATRIYA 79, no. 7 (2016): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2016.79.33.
Full text
25
Harila-Kaera, V. "The eruption of permanent incisors and first molars in prematurely born children." European Journal of Orthodontics 25, no. 3 (2003): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/25.3.293.
Full text
26
Ralser, Elisabeth, Wilfried Mueller, Claudia Haberland, et al. "Rehospitalization in the first 2 years of life in children born preterm." Acta Paediatrica 101, no. 1 (2011): e1-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02404.x.
Full text
27
Savage, Tim, Ahila Ayyavoo, Paul Hofman, Jose Derraik, and Wayne Cutfield. "First born children are taller, insulin resistant and have higher blood pressure." International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology 2013, Suppl 1 (2013): O53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-9856-2013-s1-o53.
Full text
28
Valūnienė, Margarita, Agnė Danylaitė, Dovilė Kryžiūtė, et al. "Postnatal growth in children born small and appropriate for gestational age during the first years of life." Medicina 45, no. 1 (2008): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina45010008.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to evaluate growth pattern of small- and appropriate-for-gestationalage children and to identify prenatal and postnatal risk factors for short stature and development of components of metabolic syndrome. A total of 109 small- and 239 appropriate-for-gestational-age infants were enrolled in the study. Within 24 hours after birth and at 2, 5, 9, 12, 18, 24 months, and 6 years of age, anthropometric data were recorded for study children. Cord blood samples from study infants were collected, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF), IGF-binding protein-3, and leptin levels were measured. Birth weight and height (P<0.001) and insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-binding protein-3, and leptin levels (P<0.05) were lower in children born small for gestational age vs. children born appropriate for gestational age. At 2, 5, 12, 18, and 24 months and 6 years of age, children born small for gestational age remained shorter and weighed less (P<0.001). Waist-to-hip ratio, heart rate at 6 years of age and gain in body mass index from birth up to 6 years of age was higher in children born small for gestational age. Height gain during the first year of life was mainly influenced by birth length and target height. Maternal weight before pregnancy and cord leptin levels were the most significant factors influencing postnatal weight gain during the first years of life. Conclusions. During the first 6 years of life, children born small for gestational age remained shorter and lighter. A greater catch-up in body mass index and tendency towards central pattern of fat distribution during the first years of life might be predisposing factors for the development of long-term metabolic complications in these individuals.
29
Krausz, Bernadett. "A házasságon kívül született gyermek jogállása különös tekintettel a tartásdíj kiszabásának bírói gyakorlatára 1945 és 1950 között Magyarországon." DÍKÉ 5, no. 1 (2021): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2021.05.01.09.
Full textAbstract:
There was a legal differentiation between children born in and out of wedlock in 1945. The Hungarian State recognised that this differentiation was outdated, thus the Act XXIX of 1946 on the legal status of children born out of wedlock came into force on June 7, 1947. The aims of the Act were that it should cease the differentiation between children born in and out of wedlock and their legal status shall be equal to legitimate children, and the children born out of wedlock (illegitimate children) shall be related to their fathers and their fathers’ kin. It was the first comprehensive regulation regarding child support that came into effect. The study presents the regulations of child support between 1945 and 1950 in Hungary and discloses the court practice regarding child support of the District Court of Zalaegerszeg in the designated period.
30
Olbertz, Dirk Manfred, Rebekka Mumm, Ursula Wittwer-Backofen, et al. "Identification of growth patterns of preterm and small-for-gestational age children from birth to 4 years – do they catch up?" Journal of Perinatal Medicine 47, no. 4 (2019): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0239.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background A legitimate indication for growth hormone (GH) therapy in children born too light or short at birth [small-for-gestational age (SGA)] exists in Germany and the European Union only if special criteria are met. Methods We conducted a longitudinal, multi-centered study on full-term appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA, n=1496) and pre-term born SGA (n=173) and full-term SGA children (n=891) in Germany from 2006 to 2010. We analyzed height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and head circumference. Results Pre-term or full-term born SGA children were shorter, lighter and had a lower BMI from birth until 3 years of age than full-term AGA children. The growth velocity of the analyzed anthropometric measurements was significantly higher in pre-term and full-term SGA children exclusively in the first 2 years of life than in AGA children. The criteria for GH treatment were fulfilled by 12.1% of pre-term SGA children compared to only 1.3% of full-term SGA children. Conclusion For children that do not catch up growth within the first 2 years of life, an earlier start of GH treatment should be considered, because a catch-up growth later than 2 years of life does not exist. Pre-term SGA-born children more frequently fulfill the criteria for GH treatment than full-term SGA children.
31
Stogov, M. N. "On birth injuries of the upper cervical vertebrae." Kazan medical journal 70, no. 1 (1989): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj99780.
Full textAbstract:
The examination of 2000 children of the first two years of life revealed 160 children with neurological signs of moderately pronounced lesions of the upper spinal cord. We radiographed the upper cervical vertebrae through the open mouth. 72 children were at the age of the first 3 months of life, 62 were under 6 months, 18 were under one year, and 8 were older than one year. Eight of these children were born prematurely and 25 were born with a body weight of more than 4 kg. Sixteen of the 160 infants were born breech. The obstetric history of 160 children was not so complicated: obstetric aids were required only for 8 newborns. Fifty-six of the 160 children were born in white asphyxia and 41 in blue asphyxia. Consequently, secondary asphyxia was very frequent, and given the unexpected number of radiological and clinical findings we found, this asphyxia can also be interpreted as a consequence of birth trauma in an apparently normal delivery. In addition, we noticed that 47 mothers of our patients had a rapid pushing period, which is given great importance as a traumatic factor.
32
Alfieri, A., I. Gatti, and A. C. Alfieri. "Weight and Height Growth in Twins and Children Born in the Last Decade." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 36, no. 2 (1987): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004438.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWeight and height growth has been examined in 400 twins and 229 singletons born 1975-1985. Periodical measurements have been taken from 0 to 7 years of age. As compared to values obtained in a previous study of twins and singletons born 1960-1974, though limited to the first year of age, twins appear to continue to do worse than singletons in their growth. However, height values appear to have become higher in the first year of age in both twins and singletons born 1975-1985.
33
Boguszewski, Margaret C. S., Hanna Karlsson, Hartmut A. Wollmann, Patrick Wilton, and Jovanna Dahlgren. "Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Children Born Prematurely—Data from KIGS." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 6 (2011): 1687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-1829.
Full textAbstract:
Context: Children born prematurely with growth failure might benefit from GH treatment. Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the first year growth response to GH treatment in short children born prematurely and to identify predictors of the growth response. Design/Patients: A total of 3215 prepubertal children born prematurely who were on GH treatment were selected from KIGS (The Pfizer International Growth Database), a large observational database. They were classified according to gestational age as preterm (PT; 33 to no more than 37 wk) and very preterm (VPT; &lt;33 wk), and according to birth weight as appropriate for gestational age [AGA; between −2 and +2 sd score (SDS)] and small for gestational age (SGA; −2 SDS or below). Results: Four groups were identified: PT AGA (n = 1928), VPT AGA (n = 629), PT SGA (n = 519), and VPT SGA (n = 139). GH treatment was started at a median age of 7.5, 7.2, 6.7, and 6.0 yr, respectively. After the first year of GH treatment, all four groups presented a significant increase in weight gain and height velocity, with a median increase in height SDS higher than 0.6. Using multiple stepwise regression analysis, 27% of the variation in height velocity could be explained by the GH dose, GH peak during provocative test, weight and age at GH start, adjusted parental height, and birth weight SDS. The first year growth response of the children born PT and SGA could be estimated by the SGA model published previously. Conclusion: Short children born prematurely respond well to the first year of GH treatment. Long-term follow-up is needed.
34
MIKHEEVA, E. M., and N. I. PENKINA. "Immunological status in children of the first year of life born as a result of assisted reproductive technologies." Practical medicine 20, no. 7 (2022): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2022-7-41-45.
Full textAbstract:
Studying the potential health risks for babies born using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is important for public health. The purpose — to study the immunological status of children born using ART. Material and methods. A clinical and immunological examination of 82 children of the first year of life born with the use of ART was carried out, including 35 full-term and 47 premature babies. The comparison group consisted of children of the first year of life from spontaneous pregnancy, including 45 full-term and 46 premature babies. Results. Children of the first year of life born with the use of ART are characterized by a reduced resistance of the organism (p < 0.001). In most full-term infants conceived using ART, laboratory signs of secondary immunodeficiencies were established in the first year of life: pathology of the cellular immunity is represented by T- cell lymphopenia (p < 0.001), pathology of the humoral immunity — by dysimmunoglobulinemia (hypoimmunoglobulinemia A and G, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E), changes in the interferon status in the form of insufficient production of IFN-α (p = 0.023) and IFN-γ (p < 0.001). In premature infants conceived with ART, the characteristic immunological changes in the first year of life were: imbalance of the main populations of lymphocytes in the analysis of cellular immunity; the intensity of humoral immunity was expressed in a decrease in the concentration of IgA (p = 0.011) and IgG (p = 0.048), an increase in the content of IgM (p = 0.026); a reduced ability to produce immune IFN-α (p = 0.001) and IFN-γ (p = 0.021) was revealed. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a high incidence of respiratory infections in the first year of life in children born with the use of ART, as well as violations of the cellular and humoral links of immunity, insufficiency of the interferon system.
35
Cherneha, Vitalii, Iryna Hrytsai, Tetiana Tarasevych, Viktor Savchenko, and Hanna Krushelnytska. "Rights of a child born through the use of assisted reproductive technologies in the EU countries and Ukraine." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 53 (2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.53.05.10.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to identify the features of the European Union and Ukraine legislation on the rights of children born through reproductive technologies and the practice of its application. To achieve this goal, first of all, an analysis of an array of sources in the field of the rights of children born with the help of reproductive technologies was carried out. The paper compares the legislation and practice of the European Union and Ukraine regarding the rights of children born with the use of reproductive technologies, which was achieved through comparative law. The historical-legal method has made it possible to outline the changes that have taken place in the approaches to the rights of children born with the help of reproductive technologies in countries whose legislation and practice have been specially studied. The synthesis method was applied, which helped to form a comprehensive vision of the rights of children born with the help of reproductive technologies in the European Union and Ukraine countries. The direction of research on ensuring and guaranteeing the right to life of children born with the help of reproductive technologies is promising.
36
Bohn, Claudia, Mandy Vogel, Tanja Poulain, Andreas Hiemisch, Wieland Kiess, and Antje Körner. "Having siblings promotes a more healthy weight status—Whereas only children are at greater risk for higher BMI in later childhood." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0271676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271676.
Full textAbstract:
Background Birth order and having at least one sibling are known to be associated with an increased risk for development of overweight. However, there are no studies assessing pre- and postnatal factors for developing overweight within families. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyse the association of the mother’s weight gain during pregnancy, prepregnancy BMI, mother’s age at birth, breastfeeding, age gap between siblings, and physical activity together with sibling-related characteristics on the development of overweight in children and adolescents. Methods Data were obtained from the longitudinal LIFE Child cohort. The study sample included n = 1932 children, stratified into first-born (n = 578), second-born (n = 608), third-or-later-born single-born siblings (n = 162), only children (n = 526), and twin children (n = 58). Children with chronic or syndromic diseases, born prematurely or from mothers with gestational diabetes were excluded. Data were adjusted for multiple children per family using mixed models. Pregnancy weight gain, prepregnancy BMI and mother’s age were considered prenatal co-variates. Postnatal factors included the duration of breastfeeding and the children’s physical activity level. Results Particularly until the onset of puberty, the BMI-SDS differed between single-born siblings, only children and twins, and increased with birth order. Compared to children with siblings, only children exhibited a strong increase in BMI-SDS starting at age nine. A higher age gap between siblings was associated with a higher BMI-SDS in second- and third-or-later-born children. Single-born siblings had the highest rate and duration of breastfeeding. Physical activity was highest in twins and third-or-later-born children and lowest in only children. In a multivariate model, being an only child showed a highly significant association with BMI-SDS. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that siblings had a lower BMI-SDS than only children did. For single-born siblings, the association between birth order and increased BMI-SDS seemed to persist only up to 11 years of age.
37
Rebelo, Miguel, João Serrano, Pedro Duarte-Mendes, Rui Paulo, and Daniel A. Marinho. "Effect of Siblings and Type of Delivery on the Development of Motor Skills in the First 48 Months of Life." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (2020): 3864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113864.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to verify whether the presence of siblings and the type of delivery had an influence on the motor skills development of children in the first 48 months of life. We developed a quantitative study with a sample of 405 children of both genders, divided according to the studied variables: children with siblings, children without siblings, children born via eutocic delivery, and children born via dystocic delivery. The instrument used in the study was the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2. Overall, the results indicated that children who had siblings had, on average, better outcomes regarding all motor skills (global and fine). Furthermore, those born via eutocic delivery, on average, had better outcomes regarding all motor skills (global and fine) when compared to children born via dystocic delivery. Thus, the presence of siblings in the family context and the type of delivery positively influenced motor development, especially after 24 months of age, showing that the presence of siblings providing cooperative activities through play and challenges improved cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development. Furthermore, a eutocic delivery, in addition to providing a better recovery from labor and the immediate affective bond between mother and child, also led to better results in terms of global and fine motor skills.
38
Palaiologou, Lydia. "A Sociolinguistic Perspective on L1 Attrition in First-Generation Immigrant Children." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 10 (2021): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.10.5.
Full textAbstract:
This present review paper will be investigating the topic of first language (L1) attrition, primarily concentrating on how this process is realized in first-generation immigrant children, meaning children who either were born in a country different than the one their parents were born in or foreign-born children whose parents immigrated when that person was very young. This angle is particularly interesting as this L1 attrition is simultaneously co-occurring with second language (L2) acquisition and is connected to a multitude of sociolinguistic factors, the most important of which is the concept of sociolinguistic prestige as well as the concept of age-based speech communities and how the members of these communities influence one another's speech. The main goal is to gain more insight into how first language attrition research has taken into account such complex social matters as well as understanding the effects social/cognitive factors like these have on children who are being exposed to more than one language in their everyday life. To further the understanding of the social component of L1 attrition, this paper presents a comparison between two examples of language policy, in Romania and in the Netherlands, concerning multilingualism in society as well as in education.
39
Swami, Divya, and Paluvadi Venkata Prakasa Rao. "Effects of teenage pregnancies on the health, nutrition, and development of first-born children: A community-based comparative study in a rural district at Bhopal." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, no. 6 (2024): 2216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1320_22.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Background: The global problem of teenage pregnancy affects health of the young mother as well as health of the baby to be born. Being both a medical and public health problem, teenage mothers as well as their children are considered as high-risk groups. Current research work is a community-based comparative study to understand the consequences of teenage pregnancy on the health, nutrition, and developmental milestones of the first-born children. Methods: Three parameters, namely, fetal outcome, birth weight of the baby, and child’s milestones of development, were chosen to analyze the effects of teenage pregnancy on the first-born child. Mothers in a rural district at Bhopal were interviewed and then classified into two groups based on their age – teenage and non-teenage mothers. Results: The child of teenage mothers had 16% less chances of having birth weight >2.5 kg in comparison to the child of non-teenage mothers. A significant statistical difference in the fetal outcome (teenage mothers vs non-teenage mothers) was observed with a P value of 0.0008. Live births were 80.77% (63) in teenage mothers against 97.44% (76) in non-teenage mothers, whereas a low birth weight (LBW) of <1.5 kg was 5.35 times more in the teenage group. Conclusion: First-born children of non-teenage mothers were found to be healthier compared to those of the teenage mothers; teenage pregnancy has adverse effects on the health, nutrition, and development of the first-born children and may lead to problems such as still births, LBW, and pre-mature child birth.
40
Kuzmichev, K. A. "CHARACTERISTICS OF MORBIDITY OF CHILDREN BORN USING ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES." NAUKA MOLODYKH (Eruditio Juvenium) 8, no. 4 (2020): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/hmj202084629-634.
Full textAbstract:
Infertility is an important medical and social problem. Increasing numbers of infertile couples lead to an increase in the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), which is reflected in the increasing number of children born using these methods. Literature provides information on the specific features of neonatal and early postnatal diseases in such children, showing significantly lower health parameters compared to children born in result of spontaneous pregnancy. The issue of the long-term health status of children born after ART is still controversial. The first major meta-analyses have appeared quite recently permitting to reliably assess the morbidity of children born after ART. This review presents evidence that summarizes the current data on the morbidity of children born after ART. It shows the absence of a reliable difference in the level of occurrence of neoplastic processes, development of metabolic and psychiatric diseases. There is an increased risk of vascular-endothelial dysfunction, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases. Contradictory data were obtained on the impact of ART methods on reproductive function: a decrease in ejaculate quality was observed in boys born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The presented data make it possible to form an idea on this issue, however, within the general morbidity framework. Nosological characteristics and the determination of incidence of certain diseases still remain a relevant task and require special large-scale prospective studies and observation of children born after ART throughout their lives to establish more accurate correlations.
41
Kurazhova, A. V., and E. E. Lyakso. "Speech Interaction in Triads «Mother—Dizygotic Twins» at the Age of the Children 4—6 Years." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 13, no. 2 (2020): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130204.
Full textAbstract:
The longitudinal study of mother speech interaction with 4-6-years-old dizygotic twins (n=5 triads) was performed. The characteristics of maternal speech addressed to twins, characteristics of children’ speech development due to the order of the birth are investigated. The first-born child in pair have a higher level of speech development as compared to the second-born child by syntactic structure of sentences in dialogue, number of consonants, meanings of pitch in vowels. Correlation between characteristics of maternal speech and the level of twin’s speech development is revealed. When mothers interact with the second-born twins they stimulate them to communication more then the first-born twins.
42
Uldbjerg, Cecilie Skaarup, Jessica E. Miller, David Burgner, Lars Henning Pedersen, and Bodil Hammer Bech. "Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood asthma: a national birth cohort study investigating timing of exposure and mode of delivery." Archives of Disease in Childhood 106, no. 9 (2021): 888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-319659.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate whether antibiotic exposure during pregnancy was associated with childhood asthma and if this relationship was conditional on timing of exposure and mode of delivery.DesignA cohort study using multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for a priori defined confounders. Pregnant women were recruited from 1996 to 2002.SettingThe Danish National Birth Cohort.PatientsOf the 96 832 children in the cohort, 32 651 children were included in the study population.Main outcome measureParent-reported childhood asthma at 11 years.ResultsA total of 5522 (17%) children were born to mothers exposed to antibiotics during pregnancy. In adjusted analyses, children born to exposed mothers had higher odds of asthma (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24). There was no association with antibiotic exposure in the first trimester (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.26), but higher odds were observed for antibiotic exposure in the second to third trimester (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.28), compared with unexposed children. The overall association between antibiotics during pregnancy and childhood asthma was only observed in vaginally born children (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.28) but not in caesarean section born children (planned caesarean section: OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.37; caesarean emergency: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.28). In exposed vaginally born children, the odds for childhood asthma requiring treatment during the preceding year were 34% higher (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.49), compared with unexposed vaginally born children.ConclusionsAntibiotic exposure in mid-to-late pregnancy is associated with higher odds of childhood asthma in vaginally born children. Mode of delivery may modify the association.
43
Polit, Denise F., and Toni Falbo. "The Intellectual Achievement of Only Children." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 3 (1988): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000006611.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryA quantitative review of the literature on the intellectual achievement of only children indicated that only children were never at a disadvantage in relation to any comparison group; nor were they significantly different from first-born children or children from two-child families. Moreover, only children were at a significant advantage in comparison with later-born children and those from large families. The consistency of these findings across subgroups suggests that interpersonal mechanisms are largely responsible. The strong only-child advantage on tests of verbal ability, together with the overall pattern of findings, implicates parent–child interactions as responsible for the family size and birth order variations in intellectual achievement.
44
Wang, Kai-Wei K., I.-Hung Chen, and Marcelo Chen. "Uncertainty of Parents With Children Undergoing Herniorrhaphy." Clinical Nursing Research 27, no. 3 (2016): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773816676942.
Full textAbstract:
This study reports the association between parental uncertainty and characteristics of 123 parent–child dyads prior to the child’s herniorrhaphy. A cross-sectional study design and Mishel’s Parents’ Perception of Uncertainty Scale (PPUS) were used. Parent participants were married (98%), had a university degree (45%), identified with a religion (77%), and worked (69%). More boys (76%) than girls (23%) underwent herniorrhaphy (average age = 2.26 years); 60% were the first-born child and 25% were premature. More children presented with unilateral (63.4%; right = 44.7%, left = 18.7%) than bilateral (36.6%) hernias and most were primary (98%). Overall uncertainty was perceived as moderate and ambiguity had the highest score. Religion, birth order (first child), and hernia site (bilateral) explained 20.6% of total variance of uncertainty. Providing information about postoperative symptom and pain management is important for all parents, particularly for parents identified with a religion and whose first-born child had bilateral hernias.
45
Hromadnikova, Ilona, Katerina Kotlabova, Ladislav Krofta, and Jan Sirc. "Postnatal Expression Profile of MicroRNAs Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases in 3- to 11-Year-Old Preterm-Born Children." Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070727.
Full textAbstract:
(1) Background: Preterm-born children have an increased cardiovascular risk with the first clinical manifestation during childhood and/or adolescence. (2) Methods: The occurrence of overweight/obesity, prehypertension/hypertension, valve problems or heart defects, and postnatal microRNA expression profiles were examined in preterm-born children at the age of 3 to 11 years descending from preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) pregnancies. The whole peripheral blood gene expression of 29 selected microRNAs associated with cardiovascular diseases was the subject of our interest. (3) Results: Nearly one-third of preterm-born children (32.43%) had valve problems and/or heart defects. The occurrence of systolic and diastolic prehypertension/hypertension was also inconsiderable in a group of preterm-born children (27.03% and 18.92%). The vast majority of children descending from either PPROM (85.45%) or PTB pregnancies (85.71%) had also significantly altered microRNA expression profiles at 90.0% specificity. (4) Conclusions: Postnatal microRNA expression profiles were significantly influenced by antenatal and early postnatal factors (gestational age at delivery, birth weight of newborns, and condition of newborns at the moment of birth). These findings may contribute to the explanation of increased cardiovascular risk in preterm-born children. These findings strongly support the belief that preterm-born children should be dispensarized for a long time to have access to specialized medical care.
46
Anyawie, Maurice. "Children of Immigrants and Nonmarital Fertility in the United States." Migration Letters 19, no. 4 (2022): 449–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i4.1675.
Full textAbstract:
There is vast research on the patterns and consequences of nonmarital fertility; but relatively little is known about how the patterns of nonmarital fertility vary according to the immigrant generational status of young adult Americans. This paper examines differences in the risk of experiencing a nonmarital first birth between children of immigrants and children of native-born Americans. Results from the longitudinal data and event history models show that children of immigrants are less likely to have a nonmarital first birth compared to children of native-born Americans. A range of demographic and mitigating factors drive these nonmarital fertility patterns but do not fully account for the differences. I provide possible explanations for children of immigrants’ lower risks of experiencing a nonmarital first birth. This study provides new insights into differentials into the family context faced by the next generation of Americans.
47
Liczbińska, Grażyna, Ewa Syska, Renata Koziarska-Kasperczyk, and Anna Kledzik. "Marital Fertility and the Family in Poland from the Late Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 49, no. 2 (2018): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01269.
Full textAbstract:
Research in the obscure domicile files of Poznań’s Municipal Records reveals that in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Poznań, fertility was determined by the interaction of many socioeconomic factors. Mothers’ birth cohort and husbands’ socioeconomic status proved to be the strongest factors significantly influencing women’s age at matrimony, their age at first birth, and their number of children. Women born before 1890 married and started giving birth to the first child later than those born after 1890. The wives of workers and craftsmen started reproduction earlier and had more children than those of white-collar professionals. Religion did not influence women’s age at marriage and age at first birth, but it did influence their number of children.
48
Iliadou, Marianna. "International Surrogacy and Stateless Children." Amicus Curiae 5, no. 3 (2024): 474–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/ac.v5i3.5707.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines statelessness resulting from international surrogacy arrangements by exploring whether there is protection afforded under international law and the overall consequences of statelessness for surrogate-born children. The aim of this contribution is to shed light on the statelessness problem in view of recent developments in the field. In particular, for an updated and holistic approach to surrogacy and statelessness, this contribution advocates for the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (UNCRC) to be read in conjunction with the recently established Verona Principles. These Principles are specifically designed for international surrogacy, able to complement the existing UN protection, and it is argued that a combined reading of the UNCRC and the Verona Principles provides stronger protection of children’s rights. In addition, this contribution aspires to bridge the gap between legal and other consequences of statelessness, with the latter often overlooked in the context of surrogate-born children. To explore the above, this article first addresses the phenomenon of statelessness for children born through international surrogacy via an examination of conflicting laws and international surrogacy cases. The article then discusses how this state of affairs infringes the rights of the surrogate-born children, and in particular the right to acquire a nationality (Article 7 UNCRC). It is also submitted that, for surrogacy, Article 7 UNCRC should be read in conjunction with the recently established Verona Principles for a more holistic protection. Finally, this article examines the harmful effects that result from the surrogate-born children’s statelessness, advocating for a more comprehensive approach that goes beyond the strictly legal consequences of statelessness. Keywords: surrogacy; statelessness; UNCRC; nationality; citizenship; cross-border assisted reproduction.
49
Levin, Jonathan C., Andrew L. Beam, Kathe P. Fox, and Kenneth D. Mandl. "Medication utilization in children born preterm in the first two years of life." Journal of Perinatology 41, no. 7 (2021): 1732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-00930-0.
Full text
50
Obućina, Ognjen, and Jan Saarela. "Intergenerational transmission of ethnic identity in mixed native couples in Finland." Acta Sociologica 63, no. 1 (2019): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699319847507.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to analyse the factors determining the ethnic affiliation of children born to interethnic native couples in Finland, using data from couples with one Finnish-speaking and one Swedish-speaking partner, between 1988 and 2014. In addition to individual characteristics of each partner and contextual factors, we also consider the role of couple characteristics. We look at the affiliation of the first child, as well as the combined affiliation of the first two children, in order to analyse how often children from the same parents are affiliated to different ethnicities. Around 60% of first- and second-born children of interethnic couples born between 1988 and 2014 were affiliated to the Swedish-speaking minority. The affiliation of the second child seldom differs from that of the first. Children of mixed couples with a Swedish mother are more likely to be affiliated to the Swedish-speaking community. Boys are more likely than girls to be affiliated to the father’s community, and vice versa. In line with our expectations based on ethnic awareness, preference for cultural plurality and parental aspirations, the multivariate analysis shows a strong positive association between parental education level and the likelihood of the first child being Swedish speaking. The analysis also indicates that bargaining is not an important strategy when choosing a child’s ethnic identity.