Academic literature on the topic 'First-born daughters'
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Journal articles on the topic "First-born daughters"
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Chaparro, M. Pia, Ilona Koupil, and Liisa Byberg. "Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring body composition in young adulthood: the modifying role of offspring sex and birth order." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 17 (2017): 3084–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017002191.
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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate if the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring’s body composition in late adolescence and young adulthood varies by offspring birth order and sex.DesignFamily cohort study, with data from registers, questionnaires and physical examinations. The main outcome under study was offspring body composition (percentage fat mass (%FM), percentage lean mass (%LM)) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.SettingUppsala, Sweden.SubjectsTwo hundred and twenty-six siblings (first-born v. second-born; average age 19 and 21 years) and their mothers.ResultsIn multivariable linear regression models, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was positively associated with daughter’s %FM, with stronger estimates for first-born (β=0·97, 95 % CI 0·14, 1·80) v. second-born daughters (β=0·64, 95 % CI 0·08, 1·20). Mother’s BMI before her first pregnancy was associated with her second-born daughter’s body composition (β=1·05, 95 % CI 0·31, 1·79 (%FM)) Similar results albeit in the opposite direction were observed for %LM. No significant associations were found between pre-pregnancy BMI and %FM (β=0·59, 95 % CI−0·27, 1·44 first-born; β=−0·13, 95 % CI−0·77, 0·52 second-born) or %LM (β=−0·54, 95 % CI−1·37, 0·28 first-born; β=0·11, 95 % CI−0·52, 0·74 second-born) for sons.ConclusionsA higher pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher offspring %FM and lower offspring %LM in late adolescence and young adulthood, with stronger associations for first-born daughters. Preventing obesity at the start of women’s reproductive life might reduce the risk of obesity in her offspring, particularly for daughters.
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Muruthi, Bertranna A., J. Maria Bermudez, Jessica L. Chou, Carolyn M. Shivers, Jerry Gale, and Denise Lewis. "Mother–Adult Daughter Questionnaire: Psychometric Evaluation Across First- and Second-Generation Black Immigrant Women." Family Journal 28, no. 2 (2020): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480720906123.
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This study was conducted to determine the generalizability of the Mother–Adult Daughter Questionnaire (MAD) for first- and second-generation Afro-Caribbean women. The measure was created specifically to explore adult daughters’ reports of their relationship with their mothers in order to capture the values of connectedness, trust in hierarchy, and interdependence in the mother–daughter relationship. We test this cross-generational applicability to (1) determine the generalizability of the measure for first- and second-generation women and (2) assess whether the means of the subscales differ across first- and second-generation women. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the factor structure of the MAD with this population. The sample ( N = 285) was comprised of reports from 129 adult daughters born in the United States and 156 born in the Caribbean. CFAs indicated that the scoring algorithm for the subscales fit these data well. Results indicated that the MAD subscales (Connectedness, Trust in Hierarchy, and Interdependence) were applicable and may operate similarly across first- and second-generation Afro-Caribbean women.
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Admin, Oleksandr, Natalia Admina, and Irina Filipenko. "REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY, HEALTH AND DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF CROSSBREED COWS." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 124 (2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2020-124-47-55.
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The article reveals the results of reproductive capacity studies, health and average daily milk yield of first-born cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed, got from Montbeliarde and Holstein breeding bulls in SE “Kutuzivka”, Kharkiv region. It was found that the age of first fertilization in heifers obtained from bulls of different breeds did not differ and averaged 14.0 months. At the same time, the live weight of daughters obtained from Montbeliarde bulls during the first insemination was 10.9 kg higher than that of daughters obtained from Holstein bulls, which indicates a higher intensity of growth of crossbred heifers. Animals of both breeds had the same age of the first calving (23.0 months), but the live weight of the first-born cows differed significantly. Daughters obtained from Montbeliarde bulls had a live weight 27.3 kg higher than their counterparts obtained from Holstein bulls (P> 0.95). According to the results of studying the safety of daughters of bulls of different breeds, it was found that in the first month of lactation in the herd remained 4 % more crossbred cows than their peers obtained from Holstein bulls, in the second - by 7 %, in the third - by 9 % by 10 % (P> 0.9) and with each month of lactation this percentage increased. Also, crossbred heifers came better in sexual hunting. The average daily milk yield of daughters of Montbeliarde bulls in the first two months of lactation was 2.1 kg and 0.6 kg higher than their counterparts. In the fourth month of lactation, the average daily yield of first-born cows obtained from Holstein bulls increased by 2.8 kg compared with crossbred counterparts (P> 0.95) and further the trend of preference for daily milk yield of first-born daughters of Holstein bulls remained.
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Nickless, Pamela J., and Jean M. Humez. "Mother's First-Born Daughters: Early Shaker Writings on Women and Religion." Journal of American History 81, no. 2 (1994): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081219.
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Radovic, Cedomir, Milica Petrovic, Nenad Brkic, et al. "Correlation of litter size traits." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 32, no. 4 (2016): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1604331r.
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Heredity and correlation of litter size traits were observed in 3693 litters, i.e. in 1622 daughters of two genotypes Swedish Landrace genotype - SL; and F1 ? SLxLW. The study included daughters (minimum ten daughters per sire) of 24 sires. Heritability estimates for the total number of piglets per litter in the first, the first two parities, and for all three parities was 0.174; 0.167 and 0.135. Heritability estimates for the number of piglets born alive were 0.181; 0.160 and 0.121, and for the weight of litter at birth 0.166; 0.174 and 0.150. On the other hand, very low heritability was determined for the number of weaned piglets, litter weight of piglets reared, individual weight of born and reared piglets, i.e. for the traits that are under greater influence of the environment (from 0.004 to 0.037). Phenotypic and genetic correlations ranged from weak to complete (rp = 0.021 to rp = 0.973 and rg=0.188 to rg=0.999, respectively). Analysis of the significance of correlations showed that the genetic correlations were statistically highly significant (P <0.01).
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Earnhardt, Audrey L., Don A. Neuendorff, Charles R. Long, Thomas H. Welsh, and Ron D. Randel. "26 Evaluation of sire versus dam effect on age at first calving in Brahman heifers." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.042.
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Abstract This study evaluated the possible effects of sire and dam on age at first calving in Brahman heifers. A total of 570 heifers born between the years 2001 and 2017 were exposed as yearlings to fertile bulls through time of pregnancy determination. A calving code was determined by calculating the mean (993 d) and standard deviation (187 d) of heifer age at first calving. Heifers considered to calve early (≤899 d; calving code = 1) or late (≥1087 d; calving code = 3) were at least half a standard deviation (94 d) away from the mean. All other heifers were considered to have a normal age at first calving (900 to 1086 d; calving code = 2). There were 35 sires with 5 or more daughters, resulting in a total of 543 heifers evaluated for the effect of sire. There were 323 daughters of evaluated heifers, which were evaluated for the effect of dam calving code. Also evaluated was the effect of dam and sire calving code on age at first calving of female offspring (n = 287). Variables analyzed included dam and sire of the heifer, age at first calving, and calving code. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedures of SAS and proportions were tested using Chi-square. Sire calving code did affect (P &lt; 0.01) age at first calving and calving code in heifers, but dam calving code did not affect daughter calving code and age at first calving (Table 1). The proportion of daughters calving early compared to sire calving code significantly differed from the expected proportions (P &lt; 0.01), whereas the proportions of daughters calving early for dam calving code did not differ (Table 2). A selection effort to produce Brahman heifers capable of calving early will not be effective from the dam side, but can be effective on the sire side.
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Bogin, Barry, Diane Harper, Joy Merrell, et al. "Influence of Adult Knee Height, Age at First Birth, Migration, and Current Age on Adult Physical Function of Bangladeshi Mothers and Daughters in the United Kingdom and Bangladesh." Journal of Anthropology 2014 (April 7, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/808634.
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In the United Kingdom, Bangladeshi women have the lowest self-reported levels of physical activity and some of the highest levels of metabolic disease of all ethnic groups. To better understand these risks for poor health we employed life course and intergenerational hypotheses to predict lower body physical function in a sample of 121 Bangladeshi mothers (40–70 years old) and one of their adult daughters (17–36 years old) living in Bangladesh or in the UK. For the mothers, older age and shorter knee height predicted reduced lower body physical function. Knee height is a biomarker of nutrition and health status between birth and puberty. Age at first birth did not have a significant effect. For daughters, older age and migration to the UK predicted reduced lower body physical function. We controlled for total stature and fatness in all analyses. UK-born daughters were taller than BD-born daughters living in the UK, mostly due to differences in knee height. These new findings support previous research indicating that early life health and adequate nutritional status, along with appropriate adult physical activity and diet, may decrease risks for poor physical function, morbidity, and premature mortality.
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Guilbert, Nathalie, and Karine Marazyan. "MOTHER SINGLEHOOD AT FIRST BIRTH AND MORTALITY RISKS OF FIRST- AND LATER-BORN CHILDREN: THE CASE OF SENEGAL." Journal of Demographic Economics 84, no. 1 (2018): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2018.1.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which being born to a single mother affects a child’s survival rate in Senegal, a context where girls’ premarital sexual relationships are still widely stigmatized. It also examines whether any negative effect persists up to affecting the survival rate of children of higher birth order born after the mother has married. Using data from Demographic and Health Survey, we find that the mortality rate is higher for first-born boys, but not for first-born daughters, whose mother was single at the time of their birth, and lower for second-born children whose sister, but not brother, was born out of wedlock. The latter effect is actually driven by children from older cohorts of women. Therefore, strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of the stigma associated with a premarital birth seem to exist but vary with the gender of the child born premarital in Senegal. In addition, persisting negative effects appear to have decreased over time. Potential channels through which boys born from a single mother are at a higher risk of death in the country are discussed. Overall, our findings indicate that social programs targeting single mothers, especially when they gave birth to a boy, would help avoiding dramatic events as the death of a child.
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Barrett, E. S., K. M. Hoeger, S. Sathyanarayana, et al. "Anogenital distance in newborn daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome indicates fetal testosterone exposure." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 9, no. 3 (2018): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174417001118.
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AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects ~7% of reproductive age women. Although its etiology is unknown, in animals, excess prenatal testosterone (T) exposure induces PCOS-like phenotypes. While measuring fetal T in humans is infeasible, demonstratingin uteroandrogen exposure using a reliable newborn biomarker, anogenital distance (AGD), would provide evidence for a fetal origin of PCOS and potentially identify girls at risk. Using data from a pregnancy cohort (The Infant Development and Environment Study), we tested the novel hypothesis that infant girls born to women with PCOS have longer AGD, suggesting higher fetal T exposure, than girls born to women without PCOS. During pregnancy, women reported whether they ever had a PCOS diagnosis. After birth, infant girls underwent two AGD measurements: anofourchette distance (AGD-AF) and anoclitoral distance (AGD-AC). We fit adjusted linear regression models to examine the association between maternal PCOS and girls’ AGD. In total, 300 mother–daughter dyads had complete data and 23 mothers reported PCOS. AGD was longer in the daughters of women with a PCOS diagnosis compared with daughters of women with no diagnosis (AGD-AF: β=1.21,P=0.05; AGD-AC: β=1.05,P=0.18). Results were stronger in analyses limited to term births (AGD-AF: β=1.65,P=0.02; AGD-AC: β=1.43,P=0.09). Our study is the first to examine AGD in offspring of women with PCOS. Our results are consistent with findings that women with PCOS have longer AGD and suggest that during PCOS pregnancies, daughters may experience elevated T exposure. Identifying the underlying causes of PCOS may facilitate early identification and intervention for those at risk.
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Högnäs, Robin S., and Alessandra Grotta. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Early Childbearing: Examining Direct and Indirect Associations in a Swedish Birth Cohort." Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9050054.
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Background. Research shows that early childbearing is associated negatively with educational attainment and socioeconomic status (SES). Children born to young versus older mothers often do less well in school, and many have early first births. Some studies suggest that mothers’ early childbearing operates through SES to influence the daughters’ early childbearing, and some argue that the association is strong net of SES. The current study tests these direct and indirect associations. Methods. We estimate the pathways through which mothers’ early childbearing influences daughters’ early childbearing in several steps. First, we examine bivariate associations between mothers’ early childbearing and SES, followed by bivariate associations between mothers’ SES outcomes and their daughters’ early childbearing. We then estimate the average marginal effects (AMEs) of mothers’ early children on daughters’, and a KHB decomposition to examine direct and indirect associations. Results. Findings suggest both direct and indirect associations. Nested models show that, net of a range of SES characteristics, mothers’ early childbearing increases the probability of daughters’ by approximately 8%; and KHB results suggest 37% mediation, with daughters’ school performance (12%) and household educational attainment (10%) contributing the highest shares. Conclusion. Mothers’ early childbearing and subsequent SES collectively influence the long-term wellbeing of children. Thus, early childbearing has consequences both within and across generations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "First-born daughters"
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Gottlieb, Laurie Naomi 1946. "Parental responsiveness and firstborn girls' adaptation to a new sibling." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72075.
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This study investigated firstborns' adjustment and responsiveness to a new sibling and parents' responsiveness to their firstborn before and after the second child's birth. Parental responsiveness was also examined in the context of predicting firstborns' adjustment and responsiveness to the sibling. Fifty families with firstborn daughters (26-55 mo) were visited at home 6-10 weeks before and 5-6 weeks after the sibling's birth. After the sibling's birth, young firstborns were more distressed than old firstborns; however, prenatal distress was the best predictor of postnatal distress. Old and young firstborns showed different patterns of responsiveness to brothers and sisters. In terms of parental responsiveness, firstborns perceived mothers as more responsive after the birth than before, while their perceptions of fathers remained unchanged. Mothers gave less support after the birth, particularly to old firstborns. Although fathers' support remained unchanged postnatally, fathers gave the least support to old firstborns with brothers. Time spent by mothers with firstborns decreased from before to after the birth, while fathers' time increased. Continuity was found for parental support but not for parental involvement, especially by fathers. Parental support was associated with low postnatal distress while parental caregiving was related to high postnatal distress. Prenatal maternal responsiveness and postnatal paternal responsiveness predicted postnatal distress. Firstborns' perceptions of parental responsiveness were generally associated with firstborns' responsiveness to the sibling. The results were discussed in terms of family-systems theory and stress-coping theory.
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Gagnon, Jessica Dawn. "'Born to fight' : the university experiences of the daughters of single mothers who are first-generation students in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/59847/.
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This thesis explores the university experiences of the daughters of single mothers who are first-generation students in the United Kingdom. Data was collected during spring and summer of 2013. Participants were recruited through flyers, email, and social networking sites. Participants were sought who met the following criteria: they considered themselves to have been primarily raised by their mother (or their mother raised them alone for about five years or more during their childhood); they were current or recent undergraduate university students at any university in the UK, any mode of study (full or part time), and any age (traditional age or mature students); and they were first-generation students (the first in their family to attend university, which includes students whose siblings might have gone to university). A preliminary 30-question, online questionnaire was completed by 110 respondents. Among the survey respondents, 26 participated in qualitative, semi- structured interviews. After the interview, participants were encouraged to engage in reflective writing. Data was explored through a thematic, theoretical, and autoethnographical analysis. This research examines intersectionalities of gender, socio-economic class, race, and family status as they shape the students' identities and their university experiences. The theoretical and conceptual frameworks upon which this study is built include feminist theory, intersectionality theory, and the concept of social exclusion. The findings from this study contribute to the existing literature within the area of widening participation and social identities and illuminate the ways that single mother families are constructed by the media, by politicians, and in society. Additionally, this study bridges the gap between the existing literature on the experience of single mother families and the existing literature on the experiences of students in higher education, providing a deeper understanding of access, participation, and inclusion of this specific population of students as yet unexplored within existing research.
Books on the topic "First-born daughters"
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Kim, Hyŏn-ju. Changnam kwa kŭ ŭi anae: 33-ssang kwa ŭi intʻŏbyu; uri sidae ŭi namsŏng, yŏsŏng, kajok. Sae Mulkyŏl, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "First-born daughters"
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Jeune, Bernard, and Michel Poulain. "Emma Morano – 117 Years and 137 Days." In Demographic Research Monographs. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_18.
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AbstractEmma Morano was born on 29 November 1899 in a small mountain village in Piemonte, and died on 15 April 2017 in Verbania on Lake Maggiore (100 km north of Milano). She was the daughter of Giovanni Morano, a miner; and Mathilde Bresciani, aged 24, a weaver. She was the first child in the family, and her arrival was followed by the births of seven siblings, four sisters and three brothers, all of whom she all survived. On 16 October 1926, Emma Morano married Giovanni Martinuzzi, but they separated a few years later after the death of their child. For more than 30 years, she worked in a jute factory. She then worked for about 20 years in the kitchen of a Marianist boarding school until she retired at the age of 75. After retirement, she lived in a small two-room apartment. In her final years, her hearing and sight were greatly reduced, but she could recognise faces and could communicate when spoken to loudly. She seemed to remember both past events and more recent ones. She had never been hospitalised, but had been treated for gastrointestinal bleeding and for urinary infections. She took no drugs regularly except laxatives. In the archives of four municipalities in the region, we obtained copies of the death certificates of her parents, the birth certificates of all of her siblings, her marriage certificate, and the birth and death certificates of her child. We found no inconsistences in the documents.
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Roper, Michael. "Little Ruby’s Hand: Young Women and the Emotional Experience of Caregiving in Britain after the First World War." In Total War. British Academy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266663.003.0004.
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‘Little Ruby’ was the daughter of the head gardener at St Dunstan’s, the voluntary organisation set up in 1915 to support blinded servicemen, whose role as a guide was widely represented in pictures and sculptures during the war and who became an iconic symbol of the charity. This chapter draws on the story of Ruby to explore the role played by children—and young girls in particular—in the care of disabled soldiers after the war. Based on interviews with descendants born in the 1920s and 1930s, and now in their eighties and nineties, it explores the domestic history of caregiving through the eyes of daughters. Their experience of growing up was often at odds with the historical narratives surrounding young women between the wars, who are assumed to have enjoyed more freedom and leisure than their mothers. Many daughters of disabled servicemen experienced strong pressures to remain living at home and help their mothers through domestic and paid work. Their ambitions for education, career and service during the Second World War were often constrained. Looking back now, in an age where the domestic obligations of young women are fewer and their career aspirations are taken more seriously, the women expressed contrary feelings. On the one hand, they continued to regard familial duty as a valued aspect of their identities as daughters. On the other hand, they talked about the emotional pressures of care and their regrets at opportunities lost. Focusing on the life course from girlhood to old age, the chapter reveals the impact of the First World War across the 20th century and through the lives of those born after the conflict’s end.
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NAGY, Emőke. "“Had She Born Ten Daughters, She Would Have Named Them All Mary because of the Kindness of the First Mary”:." In Promoting the Saints. Central European University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7829/j.ctv10tq50b.23.
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Bagnall, Kate. "Exception or Example? Ham Hop’s Challenge to White Australia." In Locating Chinese Women. Hong Kong University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528615.003.0006.
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This chapter revisits a well-known immigration case from the early White Australia period. In 1913, Ham Hop, the wife of fruit merchant Poon Gooey, was made to leave Australia with the couple’s two young Australian-born daughters. She had come to Australia on a temporary permit in 1910, but Poon Gooey had then mounted a determined campaign to gain permission for her to remain more permanently. The campaign, while ultimately unsuccessful, found widespread community support and was an ongoing embarrassment to the federal Labor government. This chapter focuses on the experiences of Ham Hop – first as a gum saam po, then as a migrant wife – to explore the possibilities for uncovering the lives of Chinese wives who were largely excluded from permanent migration to Australia in the early decades of the twentieth century.
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Slater, Frances. "The Wolfe Sisters of Foochow, China." In Christian Women in Chinese Society. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888455928.003.0008.
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In the late nineteenth century after schooling in England, three sisters returned to their birthplace, Fuzhou, China to become CMS missionaries. They were the daughters of the “Fukien Moses,” Archdeacon J. R. Wolfe and his wife Mary, and cousins of the author’s maternal grandfather. Letters written by Minnie, Annie and Amy Wolfe to CMS Headquarters in London, for the first time, tell the story of the scope and nature of their interaction with Chinese women and girls in a significant cultural exchange. This particularly occurred through CMS schools, which, using Fujian dialects, provided grounding in Christianity, reading and writing. In addition, the sisters acknowledge their personal dependence upon, and valuing of Chinese Christian women with whom they worked. Born to evangelise, Annie once wrote “In spite of anxieties and disappointments this is the happiest work anyone could wish for.”
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Apio, Eunice Otuko. "Gender, Kinship, and Affiliation of Children Born of War in Patriarchal Northern Uganda." In Challenging Conceptions. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197648315.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter explores the importance of kinship for children born of war among the Langi ethnic group of northern Uganda. Based on the author’s extensive on ethnographic research, she explores the experiences of ten children conceived in the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), who after exiting the LRA joined their maternal families and communities in Lango. The author finds that these children could not benefit directly from the policies that regulated the descent affiliation of newborns. First, by not invoking Lango customary marriage procedures before conception, LRA parents failed to fulfil the customary rules and conditions that clarified the identity of their offspring. This ambiguity in their descent affiliation was reflected in their struggles to integrate. Second, some maternal families found it hard to invoke a peacetime remedy like that of luk in clarifying the descent affiliation of children born of war, because of the perceived use of rape by the LRA in the sexual relations between their daughters and the fathers of their children. Like marriage, luk was a means of lineage making for offspring resulting from such relations, and the subsequent creation of new bridges between clans in the language of kinship. The concepts, practices, and rituals of marriage and luk place children in a relational position within a kinship system, making them legitimate claimants of resources and opportunities.
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Brown, Jeannette. "From Academia to Board Room and Science Policy." In African American Women Chemists. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199742882.003.0010.
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Reatha Clark King is a woman who began life in rural Georgia and rose to become a chemist, a college president, and vice president of a major corporate foundation. Reatha Belle Clark was born in Pavo, Georgia, on April 11, 1938, the second of three daughters born to Willie and Ola Watts Clark Campbell. Her mother Ola had a third grade education and her father Willie was illiterate. Her families were sharecroppers in Pavo. Her mother and grandmother raised her in Moultrie, Georgia, after her parents separated when she was young. She and her sisters worked long hours in the cotton and tobacco field during the summer to raise money. She could pick 200 pounds of cotton a day and earn $6.00, which was more than her mother’s salary as a maid. 1 In the 1940s in the rural segregated South, the only career aspirations for young black girls were to become a hairdresser, a teacher, or a nurse. Reatha started school at the age of four in the one-room schoolhouse at Mt. Zion Baptist Church. Still more than a decade before Brown v. Board of Education , Reatha’s schools were segregated. The teacher, Miss Florence Frazier, became Reatha’s first role model. Reatha said, “I never wondered if I could succeed in a subject. It was only a question of whether I wanted to study the subject.” She later attended the segregated Moutrie High School for Negro Youth. Despite missing much school to attend to fieldwork, Reatha maintained her studies. She graduated in 1954 as the valedictorian of her class. Reatha received a scholarship to enter Clark College in September 1954, originally planning to major in home economics and teach in her local high school. These plans changed after her first chemistry course with Alfred Spriggs, the chemistry professor. He encouraged her to major in chemistry and go to graduate school. She found that chemistry was the perfect major for her. She says, “Both the subject matter and methodology were interesting and challenging; the laboratory and lecture sessions were exciting; and my fellow students in chemistry were both serious students and fun to work with.”
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Weems, Robert E. "A Star Is Born." In The Merchant Prince of Black Chicago. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043062.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses how Anthony Overton’s relocation to Chicago in 1911 proved to be one of the wisest moves of his life. Within a short period of time, the once frustrated entrepreneur established an important business niche in one of America’s leading cities. Yet Anthony Overton’s first years in Chicago were not without challenges. Within a year after his arrival, the sudden death of his wife, Clara, forced Overton to reorient both his personal and business affairs. He subsequently began to more fully incorporate his daughters and other attractive young females as the “public face” of his personal care products company. This maneuver helped increase the Overton-Hygienic Manufacturing Company’s prominence in an industry then dominated by his primary competitors, Annie Turnbo-Malone and Madam C. J. Walker.
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Mike, Valerie. "Understanding Uncertainties in Medical Evidence: Professional and Public Responsibilities." In Acceptable Evidence. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089295.003.0012.
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The case of Linda Loerch and her son Peter presented to the Minnesota Supreme Court raises the question of whether legal liability can extend beyond the second generation. During the pregnancy leading to Linda's birth, her mother had taken the synthetic hormone diethylstilbestrol, commonly known as DES. Linda herself has a deformed uterus, and her son Peter, born twelve weeks prematurely, is a quadriplegic afflicted with cerebral palsy. The family is seeking damages for the child's condition from Abbott Laboratories, the manufacturer of the drug taken forty years earlier by his grandmother (MacNeil/Lehrer 1988). The claims of this lawsuit hinge on the evidence available when the drug was prescribed. The case illustrates, with some new ramifications, the interrelated issues of ethics and evidence surrounding the practice of medicine, a major theme of this chapter. The DES story first became national news at a time that marked the rise of the new field of bioethics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a drug alert in 1971 to all physicians concerning the use of DES by pregnant women, as an association had been found between the occurrence of a rare form of cancer of the vagina in young women and their mothers' exposure to DES. The drug had been prescribed widely since the 1940s for a variety of medical conditions, including the prevention of miscarriages. It is estimated that during this period four to six million individuals, mothers and their offspring, were exposed to DES during the mothers' pregnancy. The full dimensions of the medical disaster, the subject of continued controversy, have yet to be firmly established. DES daughters are at risk of developing clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina, the risk estimated to be one per one thousand by age twenty-four. Ninety percent have a benign vaginal condition called adenosis, and many have other genital abnormalities. They are at higher risk of pregnancy loss and infertility. DES mothers also may be at a higher risk for breast and gynecological cancers, and DES sons may be at an increased risk of genitourinary abnormalities, infertility, and testicular cancer. DES may, as well, have affected fetal brain development, leading to behavioral problems and learning disabilities.
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Akkerman, Nadine. "‘The Kinge and His Cubbs’ in Peril." In Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Hearts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668304.003.0003.
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This chapter examines Elizabeth Stuart's ledger to show how her spending patterns reveal the rhythms of her life at Oatlands. It also considers several plots against her family. The first is a pair of overlapping plots whose combined intention was to overthrow King James in favour of his first cousin, the English-born Lady Arabella Stuart and thence install Thomas Grey, 15th Baron Grey of Hilton, as de facto king, and secure greater religious toleration for Catholics in England. The famed Elizabethan explorer and privateer Sir Walter Raleigh was amongst the backers of this plan. The conspirators escaped execution but not imprisonment. The second is the Gunpowder Plot. The confession of Guy Fawkes showed beyond doubt that although the primary aim had been to blow up parliament with James and Henry in attendance, this was merely a clearing of the way, as 'they intended that the king's daughter the Lady Elizabeth should have succeeded'. The chapter then explores Elizabeth Stuart's education, looking at how Henry and Elizabeth behaved and were in many ways treated as if they were twins.
Conference papers on the topic "First-born daughters"
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Nguyen Phung, Hang Thu, and Nahashon Nzioka Nthenya. "Women’s Education and Empowerment: Evidence from a Reform in Kenya." In 13th Women's Leadership and Empowerment Conference. Tomorrow People Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/wlec.2022.005.
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ABSTRACT This article examines the causal effects of education on women empowerment, focusing on women born between 1950 and 1980 in six waves of Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS) data, who were likely exposed to 1985 education policy change in Kenya. The study employs this new structuring educational system as an instrument and reported the results using reduced-form due to high repetition rate and late enrolment at that time. The findings indicate that being exposed to the new education system yields positive impact on women empowerment. Specifically, being exposed to the 8-4-4 regime, women delayed their age at first birth by approximately 0.564 years, the female genital mutilation (FGM) practice on their eldest daughters declined by 3.51%, sexual domestic violence reduced by 6.47% and their decision-making index was enhanced by 0.067 point. We also conduct some robustness checks and placebo test, and the findings are robust. We provide some potential mechanisms that experiencing the new 8-4-4 system empowers women:1) exposure to information, 2) husbands/partners’ characteristics, and 3) labour market outcome. KEYWORDS: KDHS, education, women empowerment, Kenya, gende
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Silva, Bruno Custódio, Tainá Alano, Lennon Vidori, Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen, and Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa. "Multiple contractures and their relationship with congenital amyoplasia." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.070.
Full textAbstract:
Context: Congenital amyoplasia is characterized by contractures (arthrogryposis) involving multiple large joints. Case report: The patient is a couple’s first daughter and no history of similar cases in the family. She was born at term, by cesarean delivery, weighing 3080 grams and with Apgar scores of 8 and 9. Gestational ultrasound revealed fetal akinesia, oligodramnia, and altered fetal skeletal musculature with shortening of the four limbs. During delivery, she suffered a fracture of the right femur. The patient evolved with a delay in neuropsychomotor development. On physical examination, hypotonia, nevus flammeus on the forehead, contractures involving several joints (including fingers, elbows, hips, knees and feet) were observed as well as pits in elbows and knees. Computed tomography scan of the skull showed cortical hypoplasia. Radiographic evaluation showed levoconvex thoracolumbar scoliosis and congenital changes in vertebral bodies of the thoracic spine, and thinning bone structures of the upper limbs. In addition, there were dysplastic acetabular, signs of constriction or tissue band in distal third of the right and middle thighs of the left, intense muscular hypotrophy, thinning of diaphysis of the femurs and echinovirus feet. Abdominal ultrasound and karyotype were normal. Conclusions: The clinical findings were compatible with those of congenital amyoplasia. Fetal akinesia or hypokinesia is a finding widely reported by mothers of children with this condition, as occurred in our case. Therefore, early interventions are very important, in order to avoid, in particular, greatest atrophy of the affected limbs, in addition to osteopenia.