Academic literature on the topic '“First-born” share'
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Journal articles on the topic "“First-born” share"
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Biffl, Gudrun, and Philip L. Martin. "Migration and Integration: Austrian and California Experiences with Low-Skilled Migrants." BORDER CROSSING 8, no. 1 (2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i1.585.
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This paper examines migrant-integration policies and outcomes in Austria and California, with a special focus on recently arrived low-skilled migrants. Unlike native-born workers, who form a broad diamond shape when arrayed by their level of education to reflect the large share who have completed secondary school but did not earn university degrees, foreign-born workers have more of an hourglass or barbell shape, including some who have more than a first university degree and many who have not completed secondary school. Austria promotes a stepwise approach to the labor market integration of recently arrived refugees, viz, language and skills training before employment, under the theory that investing in people first will raise their long-run earnings. California expects newly arrived migrants to use family and social networks to find jobs and housing to support themselves without government assistance.
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Tesfai, Rebbeca, and Kevin J. A. Thomas. "Dimensions of Inequality: Black Immigrants’ Occupational Segregation in the United States." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 1 (2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219844799.
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The U.S. labor market is increasingly made up of immigrant workers, and considerable research has focused on occupational segregation as an indicator of their labor market incorporation. However, most studies focus on Hispanic populations, excluding one of the fastest growing immigrant groups: foreign-born blacks. Because of their shared race, African and Caribbean immigrants may experience the same structural barriers as U.S.-born blacks. However, researchers hypothesize that black immigrants are advantaged in the labor market relative to U.S.-born blacks because of social network hiring and less discrimination by employers. Using 2011–2015 pooled American Community Survey data, this study is among the first quantitative studies to examine black immigrants’ occupational segregation in the United States. The authors use the Duncan and Duncan Dissimilarity Index to estimate black immigrants’ segregation from U.S.-born whites and blacks and regression analyses to identify predictors of occupational segregation. Consistent with previous work focusing on Hispanic immigrants, foreign-born blacks are highly overrepresented in a few occupations. African and Caribbean immigrants experience more occupational segregation from whites than the U.S.-born, with African immigrants most segregated. Africans are also more segregated from U.S.-born blacks than Caribbean immigrants. Results of the regression analyses suggest that African immigrants are penalized rather than rewarded for educational attainment. The authors find that the size of the coethnic population and the share of coethnics who are self-employed are associated with a decline in occupational segregation. Future research is needed to determine the impact of lower occupational segregation on the income of self-employed black immigrants.
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Louie (吕美玲), Andrea. "Reassessing Chinese American Identities." Journal of Chinese Overseas 14, no. 2 (2018): 182–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341379.
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AbstractComparing and contrasting two of my previous research projects, both of which focus on Chinese American youths, I examine the ways that the circumstances of their upbringings shape their relationships with China as a homeland, with the U.S. as their country of residence, and with their Chinese identities more broadly. In the process, I consider the future of diasporic relationships with the Chinese homeland as they are shaped by the politics of belonging in both the U.S. and the People’s Republic of China (PERC). The first project, conducted as multi-sited research during the 1990s, focuses on American-born Chinese Americans (ABCs) who participate in a Roots-searching program in the San Francisco Bay Area. The second project focuses on Chinese adoptees who, born in China, relinquished by birth families, and adopted, usually by white families in the U.S., share some similarities with ABCs in terms of the ways in which they are racialized in U.S. society.
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Colgrove, Nick. "Artificial wombs, birth and ‘birth’: a response to Romanis." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 8 (2019): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105845.
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Recently, I argued that human subjects in artificial wombs (AWs) ‘share the same moral status as newborns’ and so, deserve the same treatment and protections as newborns. This thesis rests on two claims: (A) subjects of partial ectogenesis—those that develop in utero for at time before being transferred to AWs—are newborns and (B) subjects of complete ectogenesis—those who develop in AWs entirely—share the same moral status as newborns. In response, Elizabeth Chloe Romanis argued that the subject in an AW is ‘a unique human entity…rather than a fetus or a newborn’. She provides four lines of response to my essay. First, she argues that I have ‘misconstrued’ what birth is. Once we correct that error, it becomes clear that subjects of partial ectogenesis have not been born. Second, she argues that my claims imply that non-implanted embryos (existing in vivo) ‘would also be “born”’. But that is absurd. Third, she claims I fail to ‘meaningfully respond’ to distinctions she draws between subjects of ectogenesis and neonates. Finally, she criticises my essay for focusing on subjects of AWs rather than focusing on pregnant persons (who should be at the ‘centre’ of debates over AWs). I respond to each of these charges. In doing so, I reaffirm that (contra Romanis) some subjects of ectogenesis are newborns and all subjects of ectogenesis—even those that have not been born—share the same moral status as newborns.
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Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia, Davide L. Vetrano, Debora Rizzuto, Tom Bellander, Laura Fratiglioni, and Serhiy Dekhtyar. "High excess mortality in areas with young and socially vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 outbreak in Stockholm Region, Sweden." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 10 (2020): e003595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003595.
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IntroductionWe aimed to describe the distribution of excess mortality (EM) during the first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Stockholm Region, Sweden, according to age, sex and sociodemographic context.MethodsWeekly all-cause mortality data were obtained from Statistics Sweden for the period 1 January 2015 to 17 May 2020. EM during the first 20 weeks of 2020 was estimated by comparing observed mortality rates with expected mortality rates during the five previous years (N=2 379 792). EM variation by socioeconomic status (tertiles of income, education, Swedish-born, gainful employment) and age distribution (share of 70+-year-old persons) was explored based on Demographic Statistics Area (DeSO) data.ResultsEM was first detected during the week of 23–29 March 2020. During the peak week of the epidemic (6–12 April 2020), an EM of 150% was observed (152% in 80+-year-old women; 183% in 80+-year-old men). During the same week, the highest EM was observed for DeSOs with lowest income (171%), lowest education (162%), lowest share of Swedish-born (178%) and lowest share of gainfully employed residents (174%). EM was further increased in areas with higher versus lower proportion of younger people (magnitude of increase: 1.2–1.7 times depending on socioeconomic measure).ConclusionLiving in areas characterised by lower socioeconomic status and younger populations was linked to excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Stockholm Region. These conditions might have facilitated viral spread. Our findings highlight the well-documented vulnerability linked to increasing age and sociodemographic context for COVID-19–related death.
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Papp, Tekla. "The Status of the Limited Liability Company since the New Hungarian Civil Code Came into Effect." Central European Journal of Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (2020): 147–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2020.1.147-178.
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Historically, the form of the limited liability company was first introduced in Hungary by Act V of 1930. This type of company, which is equipped with all the advantages of members in a limited liability, was born out of the relevant necessity in the economy. However, it is quite flexible in its nature, could be established easily and demonstrates a simpler organizational structure than a company limited by shares. Therefore, the limited liability company fits within the general frame of small and medium enterprises, and is the main and most popular form of a company in Hungary. This paper gives an overview of the characteristics, regulations, foundation, organization, minority rights, business share, members and managing directors’ liabilities in Hungarian limited liability companies from a regulatory and practical perspective.
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Ebert, Kim, and Sarah M. Ovink. "Anti-Immigrant Ordinances and Discrimination in New and Established Destinations." American Behavioral Scientist 58, no. 13 (2014): 1784–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764214537267.
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Immigrants and their children come to the U.S. in search of upward mobility, but in many contexts they experience discrimination and restrictive political climates. Contexts vary widely, however, given the growing number of new immigrant destinations. Past studies tend to focus on what immigrants and their children are (or are not) doing to adapt to local contexts, a focus that strengthens the perception that immigrants are a “problem” group. In this article, we move the debate away from more familiar economic analyses to assess how destination type and exclusionary ordinances, defined as laws that restrict the rights of and services accorded to immigrant groups, influence “subjective” outcomes, including reports of discrimination among Mexican Americans. Our results reveal three main findings that illustrate the importance of local context. First, individuals living in a county with a greater share of co-ethnics report fewer experiences with discrimination. Second, in counties with an exclusionary ordinance, share of co-ethnics increases reports of discrimination. Finally, being born in the U.S. and speaking English do not provide protection from discrimination; rather, such characteristics shield Mexican Americans from discrimination only in contexts with larger shares of co-ethnics.
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Grunow, Daniela, Florian Schulz, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld. "What determines change in the division of housework over the course of marriage?" International Sociology 27, no. 3 (2012): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580911423056.
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This article analyses the changing division of housework between husbands and wives in western Germany. Using representative longitudinal data from the Bamberg Panel Study of Married Couples, the authors analyse how the division of household labour changes over the first 14 years of marriage. In particular, they assess when and under what conditions the husband’s share of traditionally ‘female’ housework increases or decreases. They consider shifts in spouses’ employment hours, relative earnings and family transitions as time-varying predictor variables in event-history models. It is found that almost half of all newlyweds begin by sharing household tasks equally. But over the course of marriage, the husband’s contribution to housework declines significantly, mostly independent of spouses’ income or working hours. The husband increasing his share of housework is uncommon, even when the wife works longer hours or realizes higher earnings. Traditional gender norms seem to trump earnings. This is particularly true when children are born.
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Penev, Goran, and Biljana Stankovic. "Characteristics of extramarital births in Serbia in the second half of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century." Stanovnistvo 48, no. 2 (2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1002001p.
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Over the last five decades the share of extramarital births in the total number of live births has been increasing in all European countries. This is also true for Serbia (excluding Kosovo), where the share of extramarital births in the period of 1950-2009 increased by 3 times (from 8.0% to 23.2%), and their number increased by a fifth (from 13,141 to 16,294). Women under 25 years of age and over 40-49 years have a substantially higher share in extramarital births than in the total number of births. Almost every second extramarital child's mother is younger than 25, and changes in the period of 1961-2008 developed in the direction of a decreasing share of women under the age of 30, and especially under 25, as well as an increased share of women above 30. According to the latest data, more than a half of extramarital children are first, although their share is decreasing. At the same time, the percentage of births of second and especially of third and higher orders is increasing. The share of extramarital births is increasing with all women, regardless of their education level. The highest and constantly growing share of extramarital births is recorded with women without education and the lowest share with women with university education. According to activity, the most represented are unemployed and dependant women, who also have significantly higher shares of extramarital births than employed women. From an ethnic aspect, it is noticeable that the highest and constantly increasing share of extramarital births is present with ethnic Roma women, which reached over four fifths of the total number of children born by Roma women in 2008. Among the ethnic Serbian women the share of extramarital births is significantly below the average for Serbia. According to the type of settlements the share of extramarital births is lower in urban than in other (non-urban) settlements, and in the largest urban agglomerations, including Belgrade, it is even below the average for Serbia. Some significant regional differences can also be noted - the zone of the high share of extramarital fertility is in the east of Serbia, while the zone of lower and medium fertility is in the west of central part of Serbia. It is assumed that future dynamics in the area of extramarital births in Serbia will develop in a manner similar to that of the last several decades. It can be concluded that this is not a phenomenon related to adopting new values and norms, but primarily a continuation of already present tendencies in an environment with traditional moral norms.
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O'Connell, Alison, and Kim Dunstan. "Do Cohort Mortality Trends Emigrate? Insights on The U.K.'s Golden Cohort From A Comparison with a British Settler Country." British Actuarial Journal 15, S1 (2009): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700005535.
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ABSTRACTThe assumed rate of future mortality improvement has increased over three recent sets of the United Kingdom's national population projections. This optimism has not been so marked in countries which share ancestors with the U.K. population. New Zealand is one such country that provides a data-rich case example in which to investigate the portability of mortality trends.This paper compares mortality trends in New Zealand with those in England & Wales. Both countries seem to have a ‘golden cohort’ which enjoys faster improving mortality than people born before or after. The birth of the golden cohort in England & Wales coincided with cohort life expectancy there catching up with New Zealand's.We show that first generation migrants from the U.K. have better mortality than New Zealand born residents likely to have British ancestry. The advantage lasts into older ages, decades after migration. We hypothesise that migrants from the U.K.'s golden cohort brought with them an early life mortality improvement advantage, and additionally benefited from the healthier environment of New Zealand at middle to older ages. Further, given the recent strong mortality improvement in New Zealand, the U.K.'s assumptions for future mortality look relatively optimistic.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "“First-born” share"
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Claassens, Susandra Jacoba. "Family deceased estate division agreements from old Babylonian Larsa, Nippur and Sippar." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9921.
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In most cases in a deceased person’s estate, there are problems with co-ownership where
more than one family member inherits the deceased family estate assets. To escape the perils
of co-ownership the beneficiaries consensually agree to divide the inherited communallyshared
asset/s. This agreement can take place immediately after the death of the family
estate owner or some time later regarding some or all of the said assets. On the conclusion of
the division agreement, the contractual party who receives the awarded assets enjoys sole
ownership and the other contractual parties by agreement retract their ownership. In a
jurisprudential content analysis of forty-six recorded family deceased division agreements
from Old Babylonian Larsa and Nippur, essential elements are identified which are the
framework and qualification requirements for a family deceased division agreement. Within
this framework the concepts, terms and elements of the agreement are categorised as natural
and incidental elements, which reflect the specific law traditions and choices of contractual
parties and show the unique scribal traditions in the different Old Babylonian city-states of
Larsa, Nippur and Sippar. The aim of the study is to shed a more focused light on the
interpretation of recorded Old Babylonian division agreements and to show that the division
agreement was a successful, timeless, estate administration mechanism and tool to obviate
any undesirable consequences of co-ownership of the bequeathed property.<br>Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)
Books on the topic "“First-born” share"
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Piper, Sophie, and Kristina Stephenson. From the Day You Were Born: A First Book to Share with Baby. Lion Hudson PLC, 2012.
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Horne, Gerald. Beginnings. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041198.003.0002.
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This chapter looks at the beginnings of the Associated Negro Press (ANP). In 1918, Claude Barnett arranged a deal whereby Kashmir Chemical, a cosmetics company, received ad space in newspapers and the newly born ANP got capital in return. The ANP was modeled after the Associated Press; thus, all papers receiving the service were asked in return to submit items to be shared by others. There also were ANP correspondents and stringers who supplied copy regularly. At the end of the first year, 80 of an estimated 350 Negro newspapers had joined the ANP. Because it scoured newspapers nationally and solicited articles from subscribers to its service, the ANP was also capable of providing a more capacious view of Jim Crow than most Negro journals.
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Wright, Tom F. Britain and Kinship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190496791.003.0006.
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During the 1852–53 season Thackeray delivered a series of lectures, “The English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century,” and returned for a more extensive tour during 1855–56, speaking on “The Four Georges” of the Hanoverian dynasty. This chapter charts the controversies that attended his discussion of themes of monarchy, humor, and global “Englishness.” It argues, first, that both series of lectures attempted to reconfigure a usable eighteenth century, and offer a literature and heritage belonging to all Anglophone readers. Second, it explores how Thackeray, as an Indian-born product of empire, embodied ideals of a shared tradition in fascinating and contradictory ways for American audiences. Third, the chapter shows how the American treatment of Thackeray’s performances dovetailed with the dynamics of the midcentury copyright crisis. Finally, the chapter charts the ways in which Thackeray’s mode of genial humor was used to talk about matters of cultural divergence.
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Beckfield, Jason, and Nancy Krieger. Political Sociology and the People's Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492472.001.0001.
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Health, illness, and death are distributed unequally around the world. Babies born in Japan can expect to live to age 80 or over, while babies born in Malawi can expect to die before the age of 50. As important, birth into one race, class, and gender within one society vs. another also matters enormously for one’s health. To answer such questions about social inequalities in health, Political Sociology and the People’s Health responds to two research trends that are motivating scholarship at the leading edge of inquiry into population health. First, social epidemiology is turning toward policy and politics to explain the unequal global distribution of population health. Second, social stratification research is turning toward new conceptualizations and theorizations of how institutions—the “rules of the game” that organize power in social life—distribute social goods, including health. Political Sociology and the People’s Health advances these two turns by developing new hypotheses that integrate insights from political sociology and social epidemiology. Political sociology offers a rich array of concepts, measures, and data that help social epidemiologists develop new hypotheses about how macroscopic factors like social policy, labor markets, and the racialized and gendered state shape the distribution of population health. Social epidemiology offers innovative approaches to the conceptualization and measurement of population, etiologic period, and distribution that can advance research on the relationships between institutions and inequalities. Developing the conversation between these fields, Political Sociology and the People’s Health describes how human institutional arrangements distribute life and death.
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Robinson, Lillian S., trans. Preface to Mihloud. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039003.003.0044.
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Love—can it be strong enough to overcome clashes between civilizations and cultures? This is the question poignantly raised by this fine book written by an anonymous author.An abyss separates the two lovers. Alan, the narrator, is a very well off and very cultured American, around fifty years old; he owns an art jewelry shop in Paris and a lovely apartment across the street. Mihloud is a young Moroccan, ignorant and poor, who shares a room in Belleville with his brother and works as a laborer. However, they have some things in common. Not only is Mihloud living far away from his own country, but his father, in repudiating his first wife, also disowned him, so he bears his mother’s name. This twofold exile is very painful to him. In the United States, Alan, who had come from Poland with his parents, also felt like an exile, and his homosexuality exacerbated his solitude. He sorrowfully calls to mind “the uprooting that homosexuality causes, the desolation that is born when you realize you are different.” He tried to become part of the “gay” world,...
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Dudoignon, Stéphane A. Since 1993. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655914.003.0006.
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In the decades after Khomeini’s death, the oases world’s middlemen class of Iran’s Baluch society has produced political figures able to wield nationwide influence. While maintaining pressure on Tehran from within, the Iranisation of Deobandi religious schools (and of the Kurdish-born Muslim-Brother militant networks) helped reinforce Iran’s national cohesion despite periods of sharp tension. This permitted Deobandi leaders and their Muslim-Brother allies to obtain, under Reformist presidents Muhammad Khatami (1997-2005) and Hasan Ruhani (since 2013), concessions in terms of local government and representation of the minorities. At the same time, the underdevelopment of Iran’s Sunni-peopled marches, the continuous degradation of their ecological situation, the confiscation of the revenues of cross-border smuggling by the Islamic Republic’s paramilitary bodies, the limited reforms implemented since 2013 by the Ruhani administration, the June 2017 ISIS/Daesh-claimed attacks in Tehran and the anti-Sunni repression that followed have fuelled new waves of ‘tribal feud’. This growing violence highlights the contrast between the ability shown by the Sarbaz nexus of Deobandi Sunni ulama to develop nationwide influence, on the first hand, and, on the other hand, the limits of these middlemen’s leadership on Baluch society.
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Massey, Drew. Thomas Adès in Five Essays. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199374960.001.0001.
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The British composer, conductor, and pianist Thomas Adès (b. 1971) has achieved a level of recognition and celebrity within the concert world shared by very few living musicians today, and his compositions enjoy a degree of widespread acclaim that places him among the most widely heard composers working now. His critical and popular successes, at least inside the insulated world of classical music, place him within the absolute mainstream of concert life today. Is he merely pecking over the carcass of a tradition, soon to be subsumed by or abandoned in favor of some other cultural practice? Or does his work suggest possibilities for a concert world waiting to be born? This book, which is the first full-length study of Adès’s work as a whole in English, seeks to answer—or at least articulate the terms of response to—these questions and others. In recognition of the diversity of Adès’s output, this book is structured as a series of essays. These essays are organized thematically. The first two essays considers Adès’s arrangements and serialist compositions, respectively. The third looks at how his opera The Tempest illuminates much of his music’s beguiling contradictions. The fourth considers how Adès has been understood as a “surrealist” composer, and the final chapter considers the cosmic sweep of some of his most recent works.
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Calvo, Christopher W. The Emergence of Capitalism in Early America. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066332.001.0001.
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The first comprehensive examination of early American economic thought in over a generation, The Emergence of Capitalism in Early America challenges the traditional narrative that Americans were born committed to the principles of Adam Smith. Americans are shown to have developed a distinct brand of hybrid capitalism, suited to the nation’s unique political, intellectual, cultural, and economic histories. Given America’s primary position in the history of capitalism, its economists were well situated to comment on market phenomenon. Covering a broad range of the period’s economic literature and offering close analyses of the antebellum reception of Smith’s Wealth of Nations, this book rescues America’s first economists from historical neglect. In thematically organized chapters, the intellectual cultures of American protectionism and free trade are examined. Protectionism exercised enormous influence in the discourse, constituting what rightly has been called an ‘American political economy.’ Henry Carey is highlighted as the central thinker in protectionist thought, providing an economic blueprint for the nation’s future industrial and commercial supremacy. Sharp regional divisions existed among the nation’s strongest proponents of free-trade ideology, namely Calhoun, Wayland, McVickar, Vethake, Cardozo, and Cooper, as well as important theoretical distinctions with Smithian-inspired laissez-faire. In a separate chapter, American conservative economists—among others, Fitzhugh and Holmes—are positioned alongside antebellum socialists—Skidmore and Byllesby—illustrating the rather awkward ideological arrangements attendant to emergent capitalism. Finally, the tricky relationship Americans have held with financial institutions is explored. Beginning with Hamilton, this book analyzes the financial literature as Americans learned to live with arguably the most complex and misunderstood manifestation of capitalism—finance.
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Klitzman, Robert. Designing Babies. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054472.001.0001.
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Since the first “test tube baby” was born over 40 years ago, in vitro fertilization and other assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have advanced in extraordinary ways, producing millions of babies. About 20% of Americans use infertility services, and that number is growing. ARTs enable gay and lesbian couples, single parents, and now others to have offspring. Prospective parents can also use preimplantation genetic diagnosis to avoid passing on certain mutations to their children and to avoid abortions of fetuses with these mutations. Other future parents routinely choose the sex of their child and whether to give birth to twins. In the United States, these procedures are largely unregulated, and a large commercial market has rapidly grown, using “egg donors,” buying and selling human eggs and sperm, and using gestational surrogates. Potential parents; policymakers; doctors, including reproductive endocrinologists; and others thus face critical complex questions about the use—or possible misuse—of ARTs. This book examines ethical, social, and policy questions about these crucial technologies. Based on in-depth interviews, Robert Klitzman explores how doctors and patients struggle with quandaries of whether, when, and how to use ARTs. He articulates the full range of these crucial issues, from economic pressures to moral and social challenges of making decisions that will profoundly shape these offspring. The book explores, too, broader social and moral questions regarding gene editing, CRISPR, and eugenics. Klitzman argues for closer regulation of these technologies, which are altering future generations and the human species as a whole.
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Keller, Morton, and Phyllis Keller. Making Harvard Modern. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195144574.001.0001.
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Making Harvard Modern is a candid, richly detailed portrait of America's most prominent university from 1933 to the present: seven decades of dramatic change. Early twentieth century Harvard was the country's oldest and richest university, but not necessarily its outstanding one. By the century's end it was widely regarded as the nation's, and the world's, leading institution of higher education. With verve, humor, and insight, Morton and Phyllis Keller tell the story of that rise: a tale of compelling personalities, notable achievement and no less notable academic pratfalls. Their book is based on rich and revealing archival materials, interviews, and personal experience. Young, humbly born James Bryant Conant succeeded Boston Brahmin A. Lawrence Lowell as Harvard's president in 1933, and set out to change a Brahmin-dominated university into a meritocratic one. He hoped to recruit the nation's finest scholars and an outstanding national student body. But the lack of new money during the Depression and the distractions of World War Two kept Conant, and Harvard, from achieving this goal. In the 1950s and 1960s, during the presidency of Conant's successor Nathan Marsh Pusey, Harvard raised the money, recruited the faculty, and attracted the students that made it a great meritocratic institution: America's university. The authors provide the fullest account yet of this transformation, and of the wrenching campus crisis of the late 'sixties. During the last thirty years of the twentieth century, a new academic culture arose: meritocratic Harvard morphed into worldly Harvard. During the presidencies of Derek Bok and Neil Rudenstine the university opened its doors to growing numbers of foreign students, women, African- and Asian-Americans, and Hispanics. Its administration, faculty, and students became more deeply engaged in social issues; its scientists and professional schools were more ready to enter into shared commercial ventures. But worldliness brought its own conflicts: over affirmative action and political correctness, over commercialization, over the ever higher costs of higher education. This fascinating account, the first comprehensive history of a modern American university, is essential reading for anyone with an interest in the present state and future course of higher education.
Book chapters on the topic "“First-born” share"
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Breen, Richard, Ruud Luijkx, and Eline Berkers. "The Role of Education in the Social Mobility of Dutch Cohorts, 1908–74." In Education and Intergenerational Social Mobility in Europe and the United States. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503610163.003.0008.
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The Netherlands is well known for a sustained and marked trend towards greater social fluidity during the twentieth century. This chapter investigates trends in mobility across birth cohorts of Dutch men and women born in the first three-quarters of the twentieth century. During this time there was also a rapid upgrading of the Dutch class structure and marked expansion of the educational. But education played only a limited role in driving the increase in social fluidity: rather it was due mostly to the growing shares of people from nonservice-class origins who lacked a tertiary qualification but nevertheless moved into service-class destinations. An oversupply of service-class positions, relative to the share of people with a tertiary qualification, allowed less-qualified men and women from less-advantaged class backgrounds to be upwardly mobile.
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Micalizzi, Alessandra, and Alessandra Nieli. "#M5S (Five Star Movement) and the National Political Campaign." In Handbook of Research on Politics in the Computer Age. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0377-5.ch013.
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In 2009, a new political movement was born in Italy. It is called “Five Star Movement” (M5S) and it was positioned as a new voice of Italian people: alternative, populist, against élites, and against the traditional “way of doing” politic in the First and Second Republic Age. The power of this new political subject is linked with the use of social media platforms to communicate and share information, opinions, and positions with its “base” in a participative democracy perspective. In the last national political campaign, the M5S obtained 32% of the votes with a peak in the South of Italy. The chapter aims at presenting the main results of an empirical research focused on Sicilian voters of the East coast, in order to verify if and how digital communication helped in obtaining this success. Data show evidence about the relevance recognized to social media as first direct sources for collecting political information. The respondents express a large consent for traditional media that maintain in the public opinion a strong reputation in construction and share the public-sphere.
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Coeckelbergh, Mark. "Romanticism with the Machine (1): From Frankenstein’s Monster to Hippie Computing." In New Romantic Cyborgs. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035460.003.0004.
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In chapter 4 it is argued that already in historical times the romantic relation to technology cannot be reduced to mere opposition. It is shown how in the early nineteenth century romantics were not only fearful of, but also fascinated by the new science and technology. Drawing on Tresch (2012) and Holmes (2008) it is argued that there was a current in Romanticism which viewed science and the arts as entwined, and which tried to fuse the organic and the mechanic, life and science. These material romanticisms are neglected by philosophers of technology who reduce romanticism to escapism, nostalgia, or anti-machine thinking. This brings us to our age, with its life sciences and its robotics that share these deeply material-romantic aims. First it is shown how in the 20th century there was a romantic science (Freud) and how technology and romanticism became very much entangled: not only in science fiction but also in reality: born as hippie computing in the context of the 1960s and 1970s counter-culture, there is a development of what we may call romantic devices.
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Hotson, Howard. "Renovation." In The Reformation of Common Learning. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553389.003.0005.
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The rapid assimilation of Cartesianism into the young Dutch universities is often regarded as evidence of the unique open-mindedness of Dutch society and culture during the Golden Age. Absent from such accounts is the fact that a disproportionate share of the earliest and most avid ‘Dutch Cartestians’ were in fact first- or second-generation refugees, displaced from the heartland of the Ramist and post-Ramist tradition in Reformed Germany during the course of the Thirty Years War (section 5.i). Particularly instructive is a group of early defenders of Cartesianism—Tobias Andreae, Johannes Clauberg, and Christoph Wittich—educated in the Reformed academy in Bremen under the little-known figure of Gerhard de Neufville (section 5.ii). To this group can be added the Bremen-born Johannes Coccejus, whose variety of covenant theology was combined with Cartesianism to generate a tradition characteristic of the early Dutch moderate Enlightenment (section 5.iii). Placing the advent of academic Cartesianism within the intellectual diaspora of the Thirty Years War therefore opens fresh perspective on the Dutch Golden Age of the mid-seventeenth century and the intellectual fertility of Holy Roman Empire during the previous period (section 5.iv).
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Sander, Nikola, and Guy J. Abel. "The Future of International Migration." In World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813422.003.0011.
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Migration is a key means by which human beings act to preserve or enhance their well-being. Since Homo sapiens first emerged in Africa about 200,000 years ago, geographic mobility has been a prominent strategy for human adaptation and improvement (Cavalli-Sforza et al., 1994). In modern societies, people most commonly migrate to further their economic position or to join family members who migrated before them (Massey et al., 1993). Yet, many others move, both temporarily and permanently, with the more explicit purpose of reducing social, economic, political, or environmental vulnerability (Bardsley and Hugo, 2010; Hunter, 2005; Lundquist and Massey, 2005). All of these forms of human mobility frequently span international borders, oftentimes despite substantial barriers to transborder movement. Estimates of migration flows are the expression of these heterogeneous motivations. As the drivers of migration also vary conspicuously across nations (Clark et al., 2004; Massey and Sana, 2003) and evolve over time within countries (Lindstrom and Ramírez, 2010; Massey, 1990; Massey et al., 1994), they are particularly difficult to forecast. As we show in this chapter, even developing a homogeneous series of baseline estimates at a global level is very complex (Abel, 2013a), further complicating forecasting efforts. Reliable baseline estimates are hard to obtain, for instance, given differences in the definitions across countries of what is an international migrant (Kupiszewska and Nowok, 2008) and owing to the presence of sizable irregular or unauthorized flows in some nations (e.g. Passel et al., 2009). Notwithstanding these difficulties, international migration has increasingly become, and will remain, a crucial component of the population dynamics of many sending and receiving nations. While only 2 per cent of the world’s population lives outside of their country of birth, this figure is above 10 per cent for nationals of countries like Mexico and El Salvador. Foreign-born shares are also substantial relative to the population of many migrant-receiving countries, with levels above 10 per cent (in some cases well above) in North America, most of Western Europe and Oceania, and parts of South East Asia. At the extreme, this share has reached levels of 60–80 per cent in some age groups in the oil-producing nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
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Gupta, Sumeet. "Enhancing E-Commerce through Sticky Virtual Communities." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch064.
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Virtual communities (VCs) are places on the Web where people can find and then electronically ‘talk’ to others with similar interests. VCs primarily act as coffee shops, where people come and meet each other rather than focusing on content or commerce (Gupta & Kim, 2004). Still there are commercial ones where people can conduct transaction, auction, and commerce. The concept of a virtual community was born in 1993 when the Internet was first established in the United States (Rheingold, 1993). Today, virtual communities are more than just a means of connecting individuals and organisations. Today VCs acts as a business model employed by the digital economy for generating income, primarily through advertising (Reinhard & Wolkinger, 2002). Although virtual communities are still widely popular today, accounting for 84% of the Internet usage in 2002 (Horrigan, 2002), no one has yet agreed on a common definition for the term (Schoberth & Schrott, 2001). Schubert and Ginsberg (2000) defines a virtual community as a shared semantic space where individuals and organisations come together regularly to share common interests and values electronically. The definition varies depending upon the purpose served by the Web site. Based on a comprehensive research, Gupta and Kim (2004) developed a definition based on essential elements of a virtual community and define VC as a groups of like-minded strangers who interact predominantly in cyberspace to form relationships, share knowledge, have fun, or engage in economic transactions (Gupta & Kim, 2004). VCs play a bigger role in many aspects of a member’s life, from forming and maintaining friendships and romantic relationships, to learning, forming opinions, purchasing, and consuming products and services (Hagel & Armstrong, 1997). VCs are also ideal tools for e-commerce, marketing, knowledge building, and e-learning activities. Particularly, VCs add value by providing repeated points of contact which increase the stickiness of the Web site (Laudon & Traver, 2003). People love to interact on Internet and by facilitating their interaction users can be retained on site. The longer they are on site the greater are the chances of making the sale. How do these VCs exactly increase the stickiness of the Web site and how do they add business value to the Web site? To answer these questions we will visit hardwarezone.com (Appendix 1), a Singapore based virtual community which has been phenomenally successful since its inception. But before that we will briefly review the concept of stickiness.
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Luhtala, Anneli. "Visible and invisible women in ancient linguistic culture." In Women in the History of Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754954.003.0002.
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In Classical Antiquity, the study of language and literature was a crucial part of education. Girls generally only took part of primary education, and women who progressed further did so by private tuition. Women were expected to be married and produce children and to practice their virtue in the traditional role of the wife and mother. Many women were well read in both Latin and Greek literature, and some twenty female poets are known from antiquity. However, women lacked training in formal rhetorical skills, because they were expected to speak and write in a different style. Nor were women supposed to enter into the places where public lectures took place. All the same, we know of women who received higher education and even taught philosophy (probably in private houses) or occupied themselves with philology. The women philosophers were normally born into philosophic households or married to philosophers. When grammar—a discipline dealing with language and literature—gradually became an independent subject in the first century BCE, it was taught in secondary schools. From the first century CE on we can get glimpses of female teachers of letters, but their achievements were not recorded. Thus, we have neither grammatical nor philosophical doctrine attributed to a female scholar, and this article deals with the general conditions of women scholars rather than their individual contributions to scholarship. Many prejudices prevailed concerning the inferiority of women. Aristotle thought that women were weaker than men not only physically but also intellectually. This remained common consensus, even if the Stoics and Platonists argued that women’s souls are not as such inferior to the souls of men. The Christians reinforced these prejudices, although they thought that men and women share a common human nature. Yet the Apostle Paul had said ‘I do not permit a woman to teach’ (I Tim. 2:12). However, Christian women could refuse marriage and follow an ascetic life, which brought about new opportunities for them as prophets, deaconesses, patrons, and occasionally even as teachers.
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Worster, Donald. "The Nature We Have Lost." In Wealth of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195092646.003.0004.
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Nostalgia runs all through this society—fortunately, for it may be our only hope of salvation. My own version, which I probably share with a few million others, takes me back to walk in pristine natural places on this continent. I dream of traveling with our second native-born naturalist, William Bartram (his father John was the first), a slightly daft Pennsylvania Quaker who botanized from the Carolinas down into Florida in the early 1770s. I would travel with him, “seduced by ... sublime enchanting scenes of primitive nature,” through aromatic groves of magnolia, sweet gum, cabbage palmetto, loblolly pine, live oak, the roaring of alligators in our ears. I would gaze with Thomas Jefferson through his elegant white-framed windows at Monticello toward the Blue Ridge Mountains, speculating about the prodigious country stretching west. Best of all, I imagine entering that west with Lewis and Clark in 1804–5, standing beside them on Spirit Mound in present-day South Dakota, beholding, as Clark put it in his execrable spelling, “a most butifull landscape; Numerous herds of buffalow were Seen feeding in various directions; the Plain to North N. W. & N.E. extends without interuption as far as Can be seen.” And I think what it must have been like for them warping and poling up the muddy Missouri River, penetrating farther into the vast open country of the unplowed, unfenced prairies when wolves still howled in the night; of heading into “the great unknown,” panting over the unpainted, unmined, unskiied Rocky Mountains and rafting down the uncharted, undammed Columbia to the gray-green drizzly shore of the Pacific Ocean. How much has been lost in our short years as a nation, how much have we to be nostalgic about. In the beginning of white discovery North America must have been a glorious place, brimming with exquisite wild beauty, offering to agriculturists some of the earth's richest soils, incredible stands of trees, booty on booty of mineral wealth. Think for a moment of the infinitude of animals that once teemed but are now diminished or gone. In the most comprehensive, detailed analysis yet offered, Frank Gilbert Roe estimated that forty million bison roamed the continent as late as 1830.
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Meyer, William B. "Since 1945: New Amenities, New Hazards." In Americans and Their Weather. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131826.003.0011.
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If the average citizen's surroundings defined the national climate, then the United States grew markedly warmer and drier in the postwar decades. Migration continued to carry the center of population west and began pulling it southward as well. The growth of what came to be called the Sunbelt at the "Snowbelt's" expense passed a landmark in the early 1960s when California replaced New York as the most populous state. Another landmark was established in the early 1990s when Texas moved ahead of New York. In popular discussion, it was taken for granted that finding a change of climate was one of the motives for relocating as well as one of the results. It was not until 1954, though, that an American social scientist first seriously considered the possibility. The twentieth-century flow of Americans to the West Coast, the geographer Edward L. Ullman observed in that year, had no precedent in world history. It could not be explained by the theories of settlement that had worked well in the past, for a substantial share of it represented something entirely new, "the first large-scale in-migration to be drawn by the lure of a pleasant climate." If it was the first of its kind, it was unlikely to be the last. For a set of changes in American society, Ullman suggested, had transformed the economic role of climate. The key changes included a growth in the numbers of pensioned retirees; an increase in trade and service employment, much more "footloose" than agriculture or manufacturing was; developments in technology making manufacturing itself more footloose; and a great increase in mobility brought about by the automobile and the highway. All in one way or another had weakened the bonds of place and made Americans far freer than before to choose where to live. Whatever qualities made life in any spot particularly pleasant thus attracted migration more than in the past. Ullman grouped such qualities together as "amenities." They ranged from mountains to beaches to cultural attractions, but climate appeared to be the most important, not least because it was key to the enjoyment of many of the rest. Ullman did not suppose that all Americans desired the same climate. For most people, in this as in other respects, "where one was born and lives is the best place in the world, no matter how forsaken a hole it may appear to an outsider."
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Orr, David W. "Conservation and Conservatism." In The Nature of Design. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148558.003.0017.
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The philosophy of free-market conservatism has swept the political field virtually everywhere, and virtually everywhere conservatives have been, in varying degrees, hostile to the cause of conservation. This is a problem of great consequence for the long-term human prospect because of the sheer political power of conservative governments. Conservatism and conservation share more than a common linguistic heritage. Consistently applied they are, in fact, natural allies. To make such a case, however, it is necessary first to say what conservatism is. Conservative philosopher Russell Kirk (1982, xv–xvii) proposes six “first principles” of conservatism. Accordingly, true conservatives:… • believe in a transcendent moral order • prefer social continuity (i.e., the “devil they know to the devil they don’t know”) • believe in “the wisdom of our ancestors” • are guided by prudence • “feel affection for the proliferating intricacy of long-established social institutions” • believe that “human nature suffers irremediably from certain faults.”… For Kirk the essence of conservatism is the “love of order” (1982, xxxvi). Eighteenth-century British philosopher and statesman Edmund Burke, the founding father of modern conservatism and as much admired as he is unread, defined the goal of order more specifically as one which harmonized the distant past with the distant future. To this end Burke thought in terms of a contract, but not one about “things subservient only to the gross animal existence of a temporary and perishable nature.” Burke’s societal contract was not, in other words, about tax breaks for those who don’t need them, but about a partnership promoting science, art, virtue, and perfection, none of which could be achieved by a single generation without veneration for the past and a healthy regard for those to follow. Burke’s contract, therefore, was between “those who are living, those who are dead, and those who are to be born . . . linking the lower with the higher natures, connecting the visible and invisible world” ([1790] 1986, 194–195). The role of government, those “possessing any portion of power,” in Burke’s words, “ought to be strongly and awefully impressed with an idea that they act in trust” (ibid., 190).
Conference papers on the topic "“First-born” share"
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"An Examination of Gen Z Learners Attending a Minority University." In InSITE 2018: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: La Verne California. Informing Science Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3955.
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Aim/Purpose: [This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2018 issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning, Volume 14] This presentation presents the preliminary findings of a survey that sought to examine the technology uses, needs, interests, career goals, and professional expectations of Generation Z college students Background: Students entering college today are part of Generation Z born in the late 90’s through 2016 making the oldest among them 20 or so years old. They already outnumber millennials and are the first true digital natives being born during the age of smart phone. They are the first generation that used a tablet before they could ride a bike, the first to have childhood friends that they engaged with electronically, and the first to have their baby photos and youthful milestones shared on social media. Their minds, relationships, learning preferences, emotional health, sense of self, have all been inexplicably shaped by constant exposure to screens and networked digital technologies, which the research shows in high doses changes the neural circuitry of developing brains, leading to shorter attention spans, stunted social skills and a heightened ability to multitask Methodology: In the fall of 2017 an online student perception survey was administered to students enrolled at a mid-Atlantic minority serving institution. The survey included a combination of dichotomous, Likert-scaled, and ranking questions. The survey was administered to students following completion of core computer concepts courses and explored their technology backgrounds, skills, perceived computing self-efficacy, and the role they predict technology will play in their future career Contribution: As Generation Z descends on college campuses, with their technology dominated backgrounds and different communications, learning, and social preferences, it is important to better understand this generation whose needs and expectations will help shape the future of higher education. Additionally, this study also provides research on a population (first-generation minority college students) that is expanding in numbers in higher education and that the literature, reports is impacted negatively by the digital divide and educational inequalities. This paper is timely and relevant and helps to extend our understanding of Generation Z. Findings: The findings show that Generation Z learners enjoy computer classes, feel that using computers comes easy to them; are experts in the use of social media, mobile operating systems, using a smart phone, searching the Web, and email. They reported that they want to be more technologically literate, want to be more skilled in computer software applications, and are interested in learning about cyber security. In terms of the future, most also believe that their career will require them to analyze information to inform decision making. Additionally, most believe that information security will be important to their future career. Finally, results affirmed that college computing courses remain important and that college students recognize that technology will play an important role in their career and that employers want to see job applications with strong technology skills. Recommendations for Practitioners: Generation Z learners enrolled in higher education need, and want, a wide range of technology courses available to them in order to help them meet the rapidly evolving demands of tomorrow’s workplace. Students overwhelmingly see the value in enhancing their technology skills especially in such areas as computer software applications, information management, and cyber security. Recommendation for Researchers: Institutions of higher education should invest in thorough and ongoing examinations of the information and technology literacy skills, needs, and perceptions of students. Impact on Society: Understanding the interests and needs of Generation Z learners is imperative to the future of higher education. Future Research: This survey is a work in progress that is part of a pilot study that is being used to help guide a much more sizable examination of Generation Z learners.
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Taddei, Domenico, Caterina Calvani, Roberto Pistolesi, Antonio Taddei, and Andrea Martini. "Recupero architettonico e strutturale del “mastio” e del suo cortile della fortezza nuova di Volterra." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11361.
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Architectural and structural recovery of “mastio” and its courtyard of the new fortress of VolterraThe recovery of the “mastio” and the surrounding courtyard of the new fortress of Volterra (1472-1474) has as its objective the opening to the public of this fortified work, after 542 years from its construction, with the possibility of being enjoyed without interposing with the prison function of the complex, it also represents the possibility of knowledge and study of a constructive typology in the context of the Renaissance fortified architecture of the Italian school called “transition” with the use of the first artillery. The fortress was born as a military garrison and at the time of Lorenzo the magnificent only a part was used as a prison, it will be definitively transformed into a House of Imprisonment during the Grand Duchy of Lorraine in the middle of the eighteenth century. It is the first work by Francesco di Giovanni di Matteo called the Francione (1428-1495), it has an almost square shape with large cylindrical towers at the corners (rondelle) and at the center of the inner courtyard, a large cylindrical tower like of “mastio” (donjon) and inserted the artillery in the walls. The “mastio” consists of a basement and five floors above ground with a domed roof and connected by a narrow spiral staircase. After the cognitive essays carried out on the internal domes of the “mastio”, placed in the first three floors including the cistern, the presence of “hemispherical domes” emerged, made by workers of the Opera del Duomo in Florence, built entirely in bricks without the carpentry of “centina” (self-supporting), with the system called “alla fiorentina”, as well as the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence by Filippo Brunelleschi. This construction system is also applied in the fortified structures of Pietrasanta, Poggibonsi, Sarzanello, Castrocaro, Pisa and Terra del Sole.
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Jhun, Choon-Sik, Mark B. Ratcliffe, and Julius M. Guccione. "Ventricular Wall Stress and Pump Function of Ventricular Septal Defect of Congenital Heart Defects." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206320.
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About 36,000 infants are born each year with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and charges for treatment surpass $2.2 billion for inpatient surgery alone. Of many different types of CHDs, ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common class (∼1/3 of CHDs) of heart deformity present at birth. Though many close spontaneously and rarely require treatment, VSD still accounts for ∼15% of defects requiring an invasive procedure within the first year of life [1]. Generally, the ventricular performance is indexed by geometry, shape, diastolic and systolic function, and myocardial contractility [2]. Ejection fraction (EF) and end-systolic (ES) wall stress also used to assess the ventricular function [3–5]. Ratcliffe and Guy suggested that the assessment of LV function focusing on indices of systolic function, such as EF and contractility (EES), is misleading because the shift of end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) and increase/decrease in EES and coincident shift of end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR) may result in pseudo increase/decrease of EF even though there may not be any significant change in true LV function (i.e., Starling relationship) [6]. Though Sagawa and associates proposed the ESPVR as a reliable index of intrinsic systolic function [7], it requires derivation of the pressure-volume relationship at different loading conditions by using a noninotropic vasoconstrictor or vasodilator. This may consequently enforce a significant burden on infants with a failing heart. Moreover, irreversible complication of muscle structure can be generated [8–10]. Thus, rigorous quantification of the pump function associated with mechanics has been hindered especially for infants.
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Caruntu, Dumitru I., and Christian Reyes. "Voltage Response of Superharmonic Resonance of Electrostatically Actuated MEMS Resonator Cantilevers Using the Method of Multiple Scales." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9711.
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This work investigates the voltage response of superharmonic resonance of second order of electrostatically actuated Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) resonator cantilevers. The results of this work can be used for mass sensors design. The MEMS device consists of MEMS resonator cantilever over a parallel ground plate (electrode) under Alternating Current (AC) voltage. The AC voltage is of frequency near one fourth of the natural frequency of the resonator which leads to the superharmonic resonance of second order. The AC voltage produces an electrostatic force in the category of hard excitations, i.e. for small voltages the resonance is not present while for large voltages resonance occurs and bifurcation points are born. The forces acting on the resonator are electrostatic and damping. The damping force is assumed linear. The Casimir effect and van der Waals effect are negligible for a gap, i.e. the distance between the undeformed resonator and the ground plate, greater than one micrometer and 50 nanometers, respectively, which is the case in this research. The dimensional equation of motion is nondimensionalized by choosing the gap as reference length for deflections, the length of the resonator for the axial coordinate, and reference time based on the characteristics of the structure. The resulting dimensionless equation includes dimensionless parameters (coefficients) such as voltage parameter and damping parameter very important in characterizing the voltage-amplitude response of the structure. The Method of Multiple Scales (MMS) is used to find a solution of the differential equation of motion. MMS transforms the nonlinear partial differential equation of motion into two simpler problems, namely zero-order and first-order. In this work, since the structure is under hard excitations the electrostatic force must be in the zero-order problem. The assumption made in this investigation is that the dimensionless amplitudes are under 0.4 of the gap, and therefore all the terms in the Taylor expansion of the electrostatic force proportional to the deflection or its powers are small enough to be in the first-order problem. This way the zero-order problem solution includes the mode of vibration of the structure, i.e. natural frequency and mode shape, resulting from the homogeneous differential equation, as well as particular solutions due to the nonhomogeneous terms. This solution is then used in the first-order problem to find the voltage-amplitude response of the structure. The influences of frequency and damping on the response are investigated. This work opens the door of using smaller AC frequencies for MEMS resonator sensors.
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Arruda, Amilton, Celso Hartkopf, and Rodrigo Balestra. "City branding: strategic planning and communication image in the management of contemporary cities." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3288.
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Over the past decade, one can observe a steady growth in the use of terms such as Place Branding, Nation Branding, Destination Branding and City Branding. Both in academic research and in the practical applications in large cities management and urban spaces, this new paradigm takes shape and, along with it, the need for definitions and concepts, methods and methodologies and the establishment of technical and theoretical standards. This approach was born in the Marketing field, specifically in what was called Place Marketing. In this context the Branding stood out as a development tool solutions to the need for differentiation, generation of solid images and the establishment of symbols and identity signs, in order to leverage economic benefits for countries, cities and regions. In a way, fulfilling, in the first instance, a similar role to the branding of products and services. But it was specifically in Branding corporations that were found the biggest matches to adapt this knowledge to management positions. Ashworth &amp; Kavaratzis (2010) highlight the fact that both present multidisciplinary roots, a multiple number of strategic actors (stakeholders), high degree of intangibility and complexity of social responsibility, the multiplicity of identities and the long-term development needs are strong examples their similarities. The development and management of corporate identities, here expanded to the Branding corporations, it is a prolific field of Design. It great names of the area said their careers and built great legacy. The time of greater proficiency in the area were the 50s and 60s, dominated by modernist thought, and, coincidentally or not, exactly the time that focused efforts to assert the identity of the designer as a professional (STOLARSKI, 2006) . Nationally stand out names like Alexandre Wollner, Ruben Martins, the duo Carlos Cauduro and Ludovico Martino and Aloisio Magalhaes. In contrast, in the literature produced in the marketing field, often the role of design in this context is reduced to merely promotional measures, such as creating logos or advertising campaigns. In other words, defined as a work of low complexity and low social prägnanz. This approach comes at odds with contemporary theories of design, such as MetaDesign, Design Thinking and Design Collaborative, in which are presented motodológicos models of high relevance for the identification, analysis and solution of complex problems involving multiple elements and agents. The proposed article aims to survey the state of the art City Branding / Place Branding focused on publications produced in the disciplinary field of design. The literature review will grant that, before the above presented context, is analyzed as designers and researchers design face the contributions that the field can offer to the practice and theory of Branding places. Finally, Article yearns assess whether the pre-established hypothesis that there are possible and fruitful connections between contemporary theories of design and the City Branding, is being addressed in articles and publications area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3288