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1
Biffl, Gudrun, and Philip L. Martin. "Migration and Integration: Austrian and California Experiences with Low-Skilled Migrants." BORDER CROSSING 8, no. 1 (2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i1.585.
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This paper examines migrant-integration policies and outcomes in Austria and California, with a special focus on recently arrived low-skilled migrants. Unlike native-born workers, who form a broad diamond shape when arrayed by their level of education to reflect the large share who have completed secondary school but did not earn university degrees, foreign-born workers have more of an hourglass or barbell shape, including some who have more than a first university degree and many who have not completed secondary school. Austria promotes a stepwise approach to the labor market integration of recently arrived refugees, viz, language and skills training before employment, under the theory that investing in people first will raise their long-run earnings. California expects newly arrived migrants to use family and social networks to find jobs and housing to support themselves without government assistance.
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Tesfai, Rebbeca, and Kevin J. A. Thomas. "Dimensions of Inequality: Black Immigrants’ Occupational Segregation in the United States." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 1 (2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219844799.
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The U.S. labor market is increasingly made up of immigrant workers, and considerable research has focused on occupational segregation as an indicator of their labor market incorporation. However, most studies focus on Hispanic populations, excluding one of the fastest growing immigrant groups: foreign-born blacks. Because of their shared race, African and Caribbean immigrants may experience the same structural barriers as U.S.-born blacks. However, researchers hypothesize that black immigrants are advantaged in the labor market relative to U.S.-born blacks because of social network hiring and less discrimination by employers. Using 2011–2015 pooled American Community Survey data, this study is among the first quantitative studies to examine black immigrants’ occupational segregation in the United States. The authors use the Duncan and Duncan Dissimilarity Index to estimate black immigrants’ segregation from U.S.-born whites and blacks and regression analyses to identify predictors of occupational segregation. Consistent with previous work focusing on Hispanic immigrants, foreign-born blacks are highly overrepresented in a few occupations. African and Caribbean immigrants experience more occupational segregation from whites than the U.S.-born, with African immigrants most segregated. Africans are also more segregated from U.S.-born blacks than Caribbean immigrants. Results of the regression analyses suggest that African immigrants are penalized rather than rewarded for educational attainment. The authors find that the size of the coethnic population and the share of coethnics who are self-employed are associated with a decline in occupational segregation. Future research is needed to determine the impact of lower occupational segregation on the income of self-employed black immigrants.
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Louie (吕美玲), Andrea. "Reassessing Chinese American Identities." Journal of Chinese Overseas 14, no. 2 (2018): 182–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341379.
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AbstractComparing and contrasting two of my previous research projects, both of which focus on Chinese American youths, I examine the ways that the circumstances of their upbringings shape their relationships with China as a homeland, with the U.S. as their country of residence, and with their Chinese identities more broadly. In the process, I consider the future of diasporic relationships with the Chinese homeland as they are shaped by the politics of belonging in both the U.S. and the People’s Republic of China (PERC). The first project, conducted as multi-sited research during the 1990s, focuses on American-born Chinese Americans (ABCs) who participate in a Roots-searching program in the San Francisco Bay Area. The second project focuses on Chinese adoptees who, born in China, relinquished by birth families, and adopted, usually by white families in the U.S., share some similarities with ABCs in terms of the ways in which they are racialized in U.S. society.
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Colgrove, Nick. "Artificial wombs, birth and ‘birth’: a response to Romanis." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 8 (2019): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105845.
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Recently, I argued that human subjects in artificial wombs (AWs) ‘share the same moral status as newborns’ and so, deserve the same treatment and protections as newborns. This thesis rests on two claims: (A) subjects of partial ectogenesis—those that develop in utero for at time before being transferred to AWs—are newborns and (B) subjects of complete ectogenesis—those who develop in AWs entirely—share the same moral status as newborns. In response, Elizabeth Chloe Romanis argued that the subject in an AW is ‘a unique human entity…rather than a fetus or a newborn’. She provides four lines of response to my essay. First, she argues that I have ‘misconstrued’ what birth is. Once we correct that error, it becomes clear that subjects of partial ectogenesis have not been born. Second, she argues that my claims imply that non-implanted embryos (existing in vivo) ‘would also be “born”’. But that is absurd. Third, she claims I fail to ‘meaningfully respond’ to distinctions she draws between subjects of ectogenesis and neonates. Finally, she criticises my essay for focusing on subjects of AWs rather than focusing on pregnant persons (who should be at the ‘centre’ of debates over AWs). I respond to each of these charges. In doing so, I reaffirm that (contra Romanis) some subjects of ectogenesis are newborns and all subjects of ectogenesis—even those that have not been born—share the same moral status as newborns.
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Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia, Davide L. Vetrano, Debora Rizzuto, Tom Bellander, Laura Fratiglioni, and Serhiy Dekhtyar. "High excess mortality in areas with young and socially vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 outbreak in Stockholm Region, Sweden." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 10 (2020): e003595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003595.
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IntroductionWe aimed to describe the distribution of excess mortality (EM) during the first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Stockholm Region, Sweden, according to age, sex and sociodemographic context.MethodsWeekly all-cause mortality data were obtained from Statistics Sweden for the period 1 January 2015 to 17 May 2020. EM during the first 20 weeks of 2020 was estimated by comparing observed mortality rates with expected mortality rates during the five previous years (N=2 379 792). EM variation by socioeconomic status (tertiles of income, education, Swedish-born, gainful employment) and age distribution (share of 70+-year-old persons) was explored based on Demographic Statistics Area (DeSO) data.ResultsEM was first detected during the week of 23–29 March 2020. During the peak week of the epidemic (6–12 April 2020), an EM of 150% was observed (152% in 80+-year-old women; 183% in 80+-year-old men). During the same week, the highest EM was observed for DeSOs with lowest income (171%), lowest education (162%), lowest share of Swedish-born (178%) and lowest share of gainfully employed residents (174%). EM was further increased in areas with higher versus lower proportion of younger people (magnitude of increase: 1.2–1.7 times depending on socioeconomic measure).ConclusionLiving in areas characterised by lower socioeconomic status and younger populations was linked to excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Stockholm Region. These conditions might have facilitated viral spread. Our findings highlight the well-documented vulnerability linked to increasing age and sociodemographic context for COVID-19–related death.
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Papp, Tekla. "The Status of the Limited Liability Company since the New Hungarian Civil Code Came into Effect." Central European Journal of Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (2020): 147–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2020.1.147-178.
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Historically, the form of the limited liability company was first introduced in Hungary by Act V of 1930. This type of company, which is equipped with all the advantages of members in a limited liability, was born out of the relevant necessity in the economy. However, it is quite flexible in its nature, could be established easily and demonstrates a simpler organizational structure than a company limited by shares. Therefore, the limited liability company fits within the general frame of small and medium enterprises, and is the main and most popular form of a company in Hungary. This paper gives an overview of the characteristics, regulations, foundation, organization, minority rights, business share, members and managing directors’ liabilities in Hungarian limited liability companies from a regulatory and practical perspective.
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Ebert, Kim, and Sarah M. Ovink. "Anti-Immigrant Ordinances and Discrimination in New and Established Destinations." American Behavioral Scientist 58, no. 13 (2014): 1784–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764214537267.
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Immigrants and their children come to the U.S. in search of upward mobility, but in many contexts they experience discrimination and restrictive political climates. Contexts vary widely, however, given the growing number of new immigrant destinations. Past studies tend to focus on what immigrants and their children are (or are not) doing to adapt to local contexts, a focus that strengthens the perception that immigrants are a “problem” group. In this article, we move the debate away from more familiar economic analyses to assess how destination type and exclusionary ordinances, defined as laws that restrict the rights of and services accorded to immigrant groups, influence “subjective” outcomes, including reports of discrimination among Mexican Americans. Our results reveal three main findings that illustrate the importance of local context. First, individuals living in a county with a greater share of co-ethnics report fewer experiences with discrimination. Second, in counties with an exclusionary ordinance, share of co-ethnics increases reports of discrimination. Finally, being born in the U.S. and speaking English do not provide protection from discrimination; rather, such characteristics shield Mexican Americans from discrimination only in contexts with larger shares of co-ethnics.
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Grunow, Daniela, Florian Schulz, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld. "What determines change in the division of housework over the course of marriage?" International Sociology 27, no. 3 (2012): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580911423056.
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This article analyses the changing division of housework between husbands and wives in western Germany. Using representative longitudinal data from the Bamberg Panel Study of Married Couples, the authors analyse how the division of household labour changes over the first 14 years of marriage. In particular, they assess when and under what conditions the husband’s share of traditionally ‘female’ housework increases or decreases. They consider shifts in spouses’ employment hours, relative earnings and family transitions as time-varying predictor variables in event-history models. It is found that almost half of all newlyweds begin by sharing household tasks equally. But over the course of marriage, the husband’s contribution to housework declines significantly, mostly independent of spouses’ income or working hours. The husband increasing his share of housework is uncommon, even when the wife works longer hours or realizes higher earnings. Traditional gender norms seem to trump earnings. This is particularly true when children are born.
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Penev, Goran, and Biljana Stankovic. "Characteristics of extramarital births in Serbia in the second half of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century." Stanovnistvo 48, no. 2 (2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1002001p.
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Over the last five decades the share of extramarital births in the total number of live births has been increasing in all European countries. This is also true for Serbia (excluding Kosovo), where the share of extramarital births in the period of 1950-2009 increased by 3 times (from 8.0% to 23.2%), and their number increased by a fifth (from 13,141 to 16,294). Women under 25 years of age and over 40-49 years have a substantially higher share in extramarital births than in the total number of births. Almost every second extramarital child's mother is younger than 25, and changes in the period of 1961-2008 developed in the direction of a decreasing share of women under the age of 30, and especially under 25, as well as an increased share of women above 30. According to the latest data, more than a half of extramarital children are first, although their share is decreasing. At the same time, the percentage of births of second and especially of third and higher orders is increasing. The share of extramarital births is increasing with all women, regardless of their education level. The highest and constantly growing share of extramarital births is recorded with women without education and the lowest share with women with university education. According to activity, the most represented are unemployed and dependant women, who also have significantly higher shares of extramarital births than employed women. From an ethnic aspect, it is noticeable that the highest and constantly increasing share of extramarital births is present with ethnic Roma women, which reached over four fifths of the total number of children born by Roma women in 2008. Among the ethnic Serbian women the share of extramarital births is significantly below the average for Serbia. According to the type of settlements the share of extramarital births is lower in urban than in other (non-urban) settlements, and in the largest urban agglomerations, including Belgrade, it is even below the average for Serbia. Some significant regional differences can also be noted - the zone of the high share of extramarital fertility is in the east of Serbia, while the zone of lower and medium fertility is in the west of central part of Serbia. It is assumed that future dynamics in the area of extramarital births in Serbia will develop in a manner similar to that of the last several decades. It can be concluded that this is not a phenomenon related to adopting new values and norms, but primarily a continuation of already present tendencies in an environment with traditional moral norms.
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O'Connell, Alison, and Kim Dunstan. "Do Cohort Mortality Trends Emigrate? Insights on The U.K.'s Golden Cohort From A Comparison with a British Settler Country." British Actuarial Journal 15, S1 (2009): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700005535.
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ABSTRACTThe assumed rate of future mortality improvement has increased over three recent sets of the United Kingdom's national population projections. This optimism has not been so marked in countries which share ancestors with the U.K. population. New Zealand is one such country that provides a data-rich case example in which to investigate the portability of mortality trends.This paper compares mortality trends in New Zealand with those in England & Wales. Both countries seem to have a ‘golden cohort’ which enjoys faster improving mortality than people born before or after. The birth of the golden cohort in England & Wales coincided with cohort life expectancy there catching up with New Zealand's.We show that first generation migrants from the U.K. have better mortality than New Zealand born residents likely to have British ancestry. The advantage lasts into older ages, decades after migration. We hypothesise that migrants from the U.K.'s golden cohort brought with them an early life mortality improvement advantage, and additionally benefited from the healthier environment of New Zealand at middle to older ages. Further, given the recent strong mortality improvement in New Zealand, the U.K.'s assumptions for future mortality look relatively optimistic.
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Kaprio, J., M. Koskenvuo, and R. J. Rose. "Population-Based Twin Registries: Illustrative Applications in Genetic Epidemiology and Behavioral Genetics from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 39, no. 4 (1990): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000003652.
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AbstractThe population-based twin registries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden represent an extraordinary resource for scientific research. Although each register has its own history and composition, they share certain common qualities. All the Nordic countries have a long tradition of population registration, a high standard of living and health-related registers of high quality. The large size of the registers means that they are uniquely placed for representative studies of rare occurrences. Examples of studies that these registers make possible are illustrated with data from the Finnish Twin Cohort, which in its first phase consisted of over 17,000 like-sexed twin pairs born before 1958. It has been recently expanded to include multiple births between 1958 and 1986 (nearly 23,000 sets) and their first-degree relatives. During this period the DZ/MZ ratio decreased, while an increase in MZ twinning rates was observed between 1974 and 1986.
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Druzhinina, N. A., D. R. Merzlyakova, and G. P. Shiryaeva. "A clinical example of the management of a premature baby born after IFV." Medical Council, no. 11 (July 18, 2019): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-11-141-145.
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Babies born through in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment are most often born preterm [1]. Most authors state that these children are more likely to have congenital malformations, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), hypoxic central nervous system damage, hyperbilirubinemia. It is known that these children are 6 times more likely to have an extremely low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation [2]. More than 35 years have passed since the birth of the first child through the IVF treatment. During this time, the assisted reproductive technologies have improved and therewith the number of children conceived in vitro has also increased. In this regard, the issues relating to the study of the health of children conceived through IVF treatment are growing more urgent. In the Russian Federation, the share of premature babies averages 6–8% among all newborns. Children born prematurely should always be in the center of attention of pediatricians, since it is among them that the highest percentage of perinatal pathology is observed and deviations in subsequent development are detected much more often [3].Objective of the study: to study the state of health of a premature baby in the first year of life born through IVF. Material and methods: the researchers performed a continuous, documentary, retrospective analysis of the medical history of a child treated in the Special Care Nursery of the City Children’s Clinical Hospital in Ufa, and afterwards monitored the child in the Catamnesis Unit. The child underwent clinical examination, assessment of physical development using the centile method, laboratory tests, analysis of primary medical documentation (hospital neonatal record f. 097/u, outpatient medical record f. 112/u). The premature baby was examined taking into account the adjusted age (from the calendar age to 40 weeks of gestation).Results: the health and age of the mother are crucial in forming the health of the child. The mother had a combined pathology. The 3rd pregnancy (the 1st pregnancy ended in childbirth at 35 weeks, the child grows in a family, the 2nd pregnancy ended in spontaneous abortion) through IVF treatment developed against the threat of interruption starting from 8 weeks, combined gestosis, grade 1B placental violation, low placentation, isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI), antiphospholipid syndrome, which resulted in early, premature birth at 29 weeks’ gestational age. The child was born prematurely with perinatal nervous system damage, the development of acute pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.Findings: A clinical case determines the need for targeted observation of a premature child from a risk group, timely advanced training of a pediatrician regarding the features of management of premature babies born through the IVF treatment, taking into account the adjusted age.
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Genkova, Nelly D., Ivan V. Yankov, Miroslava N. Bosheva, Benjamin L. Anavi, Dafina G. Grozeva, and Nadezhda G. Dzhelepova. "Cystic fibrosis and celiac disease - multifaceted and similar." Folia Medica 55, no. 3-4 (2013): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2013-0033.
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ABSTRACT Celiac disease and cystic fibrosis share a number of clinical manifestations. The comorbidity rate of these diseases is low: 1:200000. We present a case of a child aged 1 year and 5 months, born to a mixed-marriage parents, with concomitant cystic fibrosis and celiac disease manifesting initially with chronic diarrhea. Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was made on the basis of changes in pulmonogram and three positive sweat tests with the malabsorption managed. Celiac disease was demonstrated through immunological tests (serological test of anti-transglutaminase antibodies of IgA class), histological tests (altered duodenal mucosa) and the therapeutic effect of a gluten-free diet. This case is the first ever reported case of a child with concomitant cystic fibrosis and celiac disease in Bulgaria. The case suggests the need for targeted screening for celiac disease in children with cystic fibrosis.
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Solovyeva, E. V. "Children conceived by IVF: specifics of mental development." Psychological-Educational Studies 6, no. 1 (2014): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060129.
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The study focuses on the problem of mental development of children conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and presents the results of a comparative research of cognitive development of 135 children conceived spontaneously and 135 children conceived by IVF, aged from 11 to 37 months. Data were collected at the Center for Family Planning and Reproduction, Moscow. We used diagnostics of infants’ neuropsychological development (E.L. Frukht), psycho-pedagogical study of mental development of early-aged children (E.A. Strebeleva) and medical history data. We found peculiarities in cognitive development of early-aged children conceived by IVF compared with those conceived spontaneously. Children born after 4-9 IVF cycles have demonstrated cognitive development lags significantly more often than those conceived naturally or after 1-3 IVF cycles. Among children conceived spontaneously share of children with normal cognitive development did not differ on the first, second and third years of life; in a group of children conceived after 1-3 IVF cycles, number of children with normal cognitive development increased from first to third year.
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Jelliffe, Emma, Paul Pangburn, Stefan Pichler, and Nicolas R. Ziebarth. "Awareness and use of (emergency) sick leave: US employees’ unaddressed sick leave needs in a global pandemic." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 29 (2021): e2107670118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107670118.
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We study US sick leave use and unaddressed sick leave needs in the midst of the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS COV 2) pandemic based on a representative survey. More than half of all US employees are unaware of the new emergency sick leave options provided by the federal Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA). Awareness and take-up rates are significantly higher among Asian Americans and lower among the foreign-born. About 8 million employees used emergency sick leave in the first 6 to 8 mo. Nevertheless, the share of employees who needed but could not take paid sick leave tripled in the pandemic; unaddressed sick leave needs total 15 million employees per month and are 69% higher among women. Our findings show that access to paid sick leave significantly reduces unaddressed sick leave needs. We conclude that given the fragmented US sick leave landscape, to address the strong increase in unaddressed sick leave needs during the pandemic, federal FFCRA response was not adequate.
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Ould Slahi, Mohamedou. "القياس اضيع [Likening Can Be Misleading]: Reflections on Africa and Africans in Guantánamo". African Studies Review 63, № 2 (2020): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2020.22.
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Looking back on my incarceration in Guantánamo from the relative security of my home in Nouakchott, I now realize how significant the African presence was in the illegal detention facility. While at the time, and as my Guantánamo Diary makes clear, our captors treated us primarily as Muslims, jihadis, Arabs, and Middle Easterners, the reality was that many of us were first and foremost African. We were born in African countries, our citizenship was that of African nations, we were handed over or surrendered by our own African governments to the U.S., and we shared the common experiences of Africans. The ASA forum held in celebration of my memoir has enabled me to reflect further on this and on what happens when we rethink Gitmo as a place of African detention, created by the collaboration of independent African governments. Fewer than one hundred detainees in Guantánamo hailed from the African continent, which is 12 percent of the total population at its peak. Algeria and Morocco had the most representation, and most detainees were North African, but sub-Saharan Africans featured prominently too. In this commentary, I want to share a little bit about my experience, with a view to making Guantánamo Diary more comprehensible to an Africanist audience.
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Godfray, H. C. J., and S. Knapp. "Introduction." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1444 (2004): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1457.
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As we enter the twenty–first century, the demand for taxonomy is greater than ever before. The global imperative for the conservation of biodiversity has brought into sharp focus both the need for and the needs of taxonomic research. Although commentators today frequently, and rightly, stress how comparatively little we know about the diversity of organisms with which we share our planet, we should not lose sight of the enormous progress that has been made in cataloguing, describing and understanding the Earth's plants, animals and microbes. This research programme was probably born among our hunter–gatherer ancestors, baptized by the Greeks, and then reached maturity in post–Enlightenment Europe with the Linnaean revolution. Its success has been due to the legion of naturalists and taxonomists who have explored every nook and cranny of the living world, and to a series of rules and protocols that have allowed this massive corpus of knowledge to be organized and arranged in an age of paper and post. Any student of biology in the nineteenth century, and for perhaps the first three–quarters of the twentieth century, would have spent a large fraction of his or her time learning systematic biology, and the tools and techniques needed to identify and describe various elements of the flora and fauna. Systematic biology and taxonomy was the fertile soil in which emerging sciences such as physiology, genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology had their roots and drew nourishment.
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Eseverri-Mayer, Cecilia. "Self-Identification in a Spanish barrio and a French banlieue: The Case of North African Second Generations." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8, no. 2 (2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/640.
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This comparative and qualitative research examines the types of ethnic, racial, religious, and social identification that North-African second generations adopted in a banlieue of Paris and a peripheral barrio of Madrid. Four types of self-identification were detected in the neighborhood of Les Bosquets (Paris) and three in the neighborhood of San Cristobal (Madrid). In Les Bosquets, isolation, Islamophobia and the relationships with the police give rise to a "reactive ethnicity"; a new conservative Islam gains many followers ("Muslim self-identification"); race appears for the first time as an element of self-identification ("indigenous self-identification”) and secularism has waned (“laïc self-identification”). In San Cristóbal, a significant share still feels like immigrants (“immigrant identification”); a new Spanish-Muslim generation (“hybrid self-identification”) is born, and the most vulnerable youth adopt a conservative Islam while simultaneously developing a sense of “neighborhood pride” and identification with the working class (“neighborhood identification”).
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Fulda, Barbara E., Bernhard Nauck, and Qiang Ren. "The transition to adulthood in China, Germany and the US: Prevalence and timing in private and professional life." Chinese Journal of Sociology 5, no. 2 (2019): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x19838728.
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We explore cross-country differences in the transition to adulthood between China, Germany, and the USA. Using large-scale panel studies, we examine the timing of leaving the parental home, first marriage and first parenthood. For those born between 1933 and 1988, we observe a delay in the timing of first marriage in all three societies. But the delay is steeper in the USA than in Germany and China. The age at first childbirth is increasing in all three countries. By age 30, most individuals in China have married their first partner and become parents, whereas in the USA and Germany less than half of the population have experienced one of these events. There are large differences in educational and employment trajectories between the urban and rural populations in China, less so in the USA, whereas almost no differences are observed in Germany. The three countries are alike in the proportion of individuals who have left the parental home by age 30. In all three countries, individuals without tertiary qualifications are more likely to have experienced all three events by age 30. But with regard to first marriage, a larger share of higher-educated individuals get married by the age of 30 in the USA, whereas in China it is the less educated who are more likely to get married.
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Tielbeek, Jorim J., J. C. Barnes, Arne Popma, et al. "Exploring the genetic correlations of antisocial behaviour and life history traits." BJPsych Open 4, no. 6 (2018): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.63.
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SummaryPrior evolutionary theory provided reason to suspect that measures of development and reproduction would be correlated with antisocial behaviours in human and non-human species. Behavioural genetics has revealed that most quantitative traits are heritable, suggesting that these phenotypic correlations may share genetic aetiologies. We use genome-wide association study data to estimate the genetic correlations between various measures of reproductive development (N = 52 776–318 863) and antisocial behaviour (N = 31 968). Our genetic correlation analyses demonstrate that alleles associated with higher reproductive output (number of children ever born, rg = 0.50, P = 0.0065) were positively correlated with alleles associated with antisocial behaviour, whereas alleles associated with more delayed reproductive onset (age at first birth, rg = −0.64, P = 0.0008) were negatively associated with alleles linked to antisocial behaviour. Ultimately, these findings coalesce with evolutionary theories suggesting that increased antisocial behaviours may partly represent a faster life history approach, which may be significantly calibrated by genes.Declaration of interestNone.
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Radovic, C., M. Petrovic, B. Zivkovic, et al. "Evaluation of boar sire breeding value using probit method." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-2 (2007): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0702251r.
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Objective of this paper was to evaluate breeding value of boarsires based on four traits of their offspring (average life daily gain and share of meat in carcass sides (%) of offspring-fatteners, number of live born piglets and number of weaned piglets - boars' daughters). Investigation included sires of Swedish Landrace breed and Large White. Breeding value was evaluated on the level of population and within the breed of investigated boars. Data was processed by method of Least Squares (Harvey, 1990), and breeding values of boars evaluated using modified Probit values (Petrovic et al., 1995). Obtained results show that the highest total breeding value was established for boar No. 1 (20,832). Its offspring were superior in three of four traits and he is at the same time the first ranked boar. Contrary to this boar, two Large White boar-sires (No. 5 and 6) had offspring with bellow average values for three of four traits. Therefore, these sires influenced improvement of only one trait in their offspring.
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Sommerseth, Hilde Leikny. "The Intergenerational Transfer of Infant Mortality in Northern Norway during the 19th and Early 20th Centuries." Historical Life Course Studies 7 (April 5, 2018): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9284.
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 This paper is one of a series of five studying the intergenerational transfer of infant mortality down the maternal line. All five studies share the same theoretical and methodological design, and use data derived from a standard database format: the Intermediate Data Structure (IDS). The data for the research reported in this paper were derived from a longitudinal dataset covering the 19th and 20th century population of the province of Troms in Northern Norway. Our results suggest that there was an element of intergenerational transmission in women’s risk of experiencing an infant death; the children of a woman whose mother had had a high number of infant deaths also had a greater risk of dying before their first birthday. The risk of an infant death occurring among the children of daughters from such ‘high risk’ families was at least 30 per cent higher than that amongst infants born to the daughters of mothers who had experienced zero infant deaths.
 
 
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Arkhangelskiy, V. N. "Fertility in Real Generations of Russian Women: Trends and Regional Differences." Economics, taxes & law 12, no. 2 (2019): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-2-59-69.
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The subject of the research is fertility trends in real generations of women in Russia. The relevance of the research stems from the fact that the majority of works devoted to the analysis of the fertility trends and the possible impact of demographic policies thereon in Russia are based on the use of calendar birth rates (total, special, age, total coefficient, etc.) subject to timing fluctuations, e.g. earlier childbirth due to favorable circumstances. The influence of this factor can be bypassed by using birth rates for real generations. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the dynamics of generational changes in birth rates and their regional differences. The results of the analysis showed that after a significant reduction in the average number of children born in the generations of women of the 1960s — early 1970s, the value slightly increased for women of the mid- and late 1970s. and would probably be somewhat higher for women born in the 1980s. The proportion of women who gave birth to at least one child is decreasing hampering the increase in the average number of children born in real generations. On the contrary, an increase in the proportion of women who gave birth to the second and third child contributes to this increase. While the share of those who gave birth to the second child among women who gave birth to the first child in the generations of the late 1970s, despite a significant increase, is lower than among women of the mid‑1950s, the proportion of those who gave birth to the third child among women who gave birth to the second child, is higher than in older generations. The increase in the proportion of women in the generations of the late 1970s who gave birth to the second and third children is to some extent due to more active measures for supporting families with children that are largely focused on supporting second and subsequent births of children. If the implementation of measures for supporting families with children in the 1980s helped to smooth out the difference in the average age of the mother who gave birth to the second and first child from 4.53 years in the generation of women born in 1950 up to 3.31 years in the generation of 1963, then in younger women the difference tended to increase and now it is the maximum for women of 1975. (5.91 years). It is concluded that the policy of encouraging child bearing needs to be continued.
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Debnath, Monojit, Sujit K. Das, Nirmal K. Bera, Chitta R. Nayak, and Tapas K. Chaudhuri. "Genetic Associations between Delusional Disorder and Paranoid Schizophrenia: A Novel Etiologic Approach." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 6 (2006): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370605100602.
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Objectives: Genetic associations between delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia are not well understood, although involvement of biological factors has been suspected. We investigated the incidence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles in patients with delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia, first, to explore a possible immunogenetic etiology of these paranoid disorders and, second, to determine whether they share similar etiologic mechanisms. Method: We employed a nested case–control study design. Psychiatric reference data were available for 38500 patients attending a hospital-based psychiatric outpatient department between 1998 and 2005. We enrolled 100 patients with delusional disorder and 50 patients with paranoid schizophrenia as the subject cases, using DSM-IV criteria. We considered equivalent numbers of healthy volunteers matched for age and ethnic background as control subjects. All subjects came from an India-born Bengali population. We applied the polymerase chain reaction–based molecular typing method to all patients and healthy subjects. Results: The HLA-A*03 gene is significantly associated with delusional disorder as well as with paranoid schizophrenia. This HLA gene alone or in linkage disequilibrium with other HLA genes or other closely linked non-HLA genes may influence susceptibility to delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia. Conclusions: The study reveals important associations between HLA genes and paranoid disorders. Delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia may share similar etiologic mechanisms. This preliminary observation may help our understanding of the genetic basis of these paranoid disorders.
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Cavaliere, Mauro. "Metaficción historiográfica y autoficción: diferentes compromisos con la referencialidad en Estação das Chuvas de José Eduardo Agualusa y Soldados de Salamina de Javier Cercas." Interlitteraria 24, no. 2 (2020): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2019.24.2.16.
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Historiographic metafiction and autofiction: different commitments with the referentiality in Estação das Chuvas by José Eduardo Agualusa and Soldiers of Salamina by Javier Cercas. This article offers a comparative analysis of the novels Estação das Chuvas (1996) by the Angolan writer José Eduardo Agualusa (born in 1960) and Soldados de Salamina (2001) of the Spaniard Javier Cercas (born in 1962). The two novels belong to different geographical and cultural contexts. Nevertheless, a common sensibility – due perhaps to the same generational affiliation or to the prevalence of topics in force in the 1990s – makes evident the emergence of both a historical theme and the presence of a subject involved in historical processes. Ultimately, in both novels, we come across a subject that makes history although in quite different ways: involved firsthand in historical events with tragic implications, in the case of Agualusa, and absorbed in a reflection on apparently distant events in the case of Cercas. However, the result of the emphasis on the presence of a subjectivity within historical processes causes the two novels to share a common element, that is, a double generic affiliation. Both Estação das Chuvas and Soldados de Salamina actually share semantic traits that make it possible to classify them at the same time as autofictional novels and historiographic metafictions.
 Despite their common architectural matrix, the two novels represent two very different expressions within these genres. This manifests itself at different levels: first, the treatment of the autofictional character and, secondly, the treatment of the other characters. Through the analysis of the characters that populate these two novels, I will try to show how the two writers adopt divergent attitudes regarding the degree of referentiality in their works and how they end up proposing two different poetic options. In the analysis of the characters, I consider it useful to introduce a taxonomy that, in addition to including already existing types (referential, historical, fictitious characters), introduces other types hopefully useful to the study of the currently abundant number of fictions that, through an ambiguous narrative pact, are located between fiction and faction.
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Browne, Roy, Majella Byrne, Mary Morris, et al. "Labour and delivery complications at birth and later mania." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 4 (2000): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.4.369.
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BackgroundSeveral reports postulate that manic depression and schizophrenia share environmental risk factors. Although obstetric adversity has been suggested as a risk factor for schizophrenia, few studies have examined its relationship to bipolar affective disorder.AimsTo assess the rate of obstetric complications incurred by patients with mania compared with controls.MethodFrom the Dublin Psychiatric Case Register we identified individuals with a discharge diagnosis of mania and traced their birth records. Each case was matched with a control of the same gender, born in the same hospital, in the same year, matched for maternal age, parity and social class. Two obstetric complication scales were used to make blind evaluations of labour and delivery data.ResultsPatients with mania did not experience a greater frequency or severity of labour and delivery complications than their matched controls. Rates of obstetric adversity were unrelated to the presence or absence of family history of psychiatric disorder. Obstetric adversity was unrelated to the age at first diagnosis.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that obstetric adversity is not a risk factor for later mania.
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Stasik, Danuta. "Teaching languages—understanding cultures. A few remarks on feeling and experiencing in Hindi." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 9, no. 2 (2008): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2008.2.3710.
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University of WarsawThis article offers an overview of the expression of emotions in the Hindi language. First it discusses the Hindi word man, which in day-to-day communication denotes that something that is inside an individual, where one’s thoughts are born and thanks to which one can feel. Then, with reference to the opinion of Owen M. Lynch that in Hindi there is no specific equivalent of the verb to feel, the argument focuses on the analysis of a few examples of sentences in English, Hindi and Polish; all the English sentences feature the verb to feel, though not all of them refer to emotions/emotional states. The analysis reveals that in Hindi the equivalents of the verb to feel are less frequently used than in English (Polish stands somewhere in between). They appear especially in situations when one wants to share feelings that have been experienced with others. Also of great importance is that in Hindi in the majority of the sentences analysed the so-called experiencer subjects, or dative experiencer subjects, are used.
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Cumming, Grant P., and Heather Currie. "The Internet and the menopause consultation: menopause management in the third millennium." British Menopause Society Journal 11, no. 3 (2005): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/136218005775544426.
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The Internet was born in 1969; it was originally developed so that computers could share information on research and development in the scientific and military fields. The original Internet consisted of four university computers networked in the United States. Email became available two years later. The infant Internet initially required complex computing knowledge to be used. However, this was all to change with the development of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s, which made the Internet much more widely accessible. The Internet has since grown at a phenomenal rate and has evolved into a global communications tool. It is by nature anarchic, in that it is an unrestricted broadcast medium. Although this lack of censorship is a strength, it is also a weakness. The quality of information available on the Web is variable and discernment is required. With the growth of e-health, medicine and its allied specialties are faced with the challenges of providing their services in a novel way while maintaining the first principle of medicine, primum non nocere (first, do no harm). This provision of e-health care is in its infancy and this review explores issues arising from the use of the Internet as a medium for organizing menopausal health care in the third millennium.
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Sobot, Аnkica. "Postponement of parenthood and childlessness from a perspective of socio-professional characteristics of women in Serbia." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 167 (2018): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1867445s.
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Birth postponement is a characteristic of reproductive behaviour that has produced low fertility rate. Also, childlessness is being more and more extensive. In this text, the effort is made in order to take a closer look into these two phenomena taking into account socio-professional characteristics of women born in 1950s and later. Accordingly, generations with whom changes in fields of education and economic activities had started are included as well as the ones in which emancipation process has been intensified. Analysis is directed towards viewing the share of childless women by occupations, based on Serbian Census from 2011. Data that are related to all economically active women indicate significant differentiation between occupations. The highest shares are in age cohort 25 to 29 years old, but are also high among women aged 30 to 39 years old. Birth postponement and childlessness are more present within particular manager professions and experts than within occupations that require only secondary education. These two phenomena are specificity of few professions within social science but the least present among pre-school and elementary school teachers. Among women aged 45 to 49 years, 50 to 54 years and 55 to 59 years old within same professions, significant differences in terms of being reproductively active are not notable. Specific behaviours of women with particular socio-professional characteristics are obvious but descriptive analysis are just the first step for more profound researches on professions influencing child bearing decisions.
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Fassio, Franco, and Bianca Minotti. "Circular Economy for Food Policy: The Case of the RePoPP Project in The City of Turin (Italy)." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (2019): 6078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216078.
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Circular economy for food (CE) and food policies (FP) are two emerging but already prominent research areas, particularly when talking about the cities of the future. This paper analyzes the dynamics between these two fields of research, starting from review articles and the analysis of a case study, underlying the fundaments that FP and CE share. In particular, this paper focuses on using circular economy (CE) indicators and strategies to shape urban food policies (FP) to create a new business and political model towards sustainability. It introduces four converging perspectives, emerging from the literature, and analyzes how they have been integrated in the case study RePoPP (Re-design Project of Organic waste in Porta Palazzo market), a circular project born from the FP of the City of Turin (Italy). RePoPP is indeed a multi-actor project of urban circular food policies against food waste, which demonstrates how a circular approach can be the turning point in the creation of new food policies. This article wants to define for the first time a new research framework called “circular economy for food policy”, along with its characteristics: the application of a systemic approach and CE to problems and solutions, the need for a transdisciplinary and integrated project design for the 9R (responsibility, react, reduce, reuse, re-design, repair, recover, recycle, and rot), the use of food as a pivot of cross-sectoral change, and a new form of collaborative and integrated governance.
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Feast, W. J. "Clement Henry Bamford. 10 October 1912 – 7 November 1999." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 50 (January 2004): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2004.0001.
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Clement Henry Bamford (′Bam‵) was born in Stafford to Frederic Jesse and Catherine Mary Bamford (nèe Shelley). His father was the son of a Congregationalist minister and his mother the daughter of a farming family from the northern outskirts of Stafford. The Bamfords were miners from the Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire coalfields. Bam's grandfather was the only one of eight brothers who avoided coalmining, a job that started for all of his brothers at the age of 10 years. He served a congregation in Cornwall, where Bam's father was born, before transferring to North Staffordshire during the 1890s. Bam's father became an accountant and worked for the same firm until his death in 1935. Stafford was a bustling place with good educational and cultural opportunities. It was the administrative centre of the county and in addition to this it had footwear, electrical machinery and other manufacturing activities to keep its population of 30000 busy. Bam was an only child and in matters of upbringing his mother held sway; he was raised as a Catholic and attended St Patrick's primary school, where he appears to have been happy, successful and well regarded by his teachers. Scholarship entry to academically ambitious secondary schools was rare for the pupils of St Patrick's, who usually went directly from school to employment locally. When Bam was entered for a scholarship to King Edward VI School he did not share his parents' joy at first because he believed the extra work would distract him from two activities that already received his attention and turned out to be the lifelong enthusiasms that brought him pleasure and success; namely, chemistry and music.
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Haimi Mohd Adnan, Airil, and Indrani Arunasalam Sathasivam Pillay. "The Malay Language ‘Pantun’ of Melaka Chetti Indians in Malaysia: Malay Worldview, Lived Experiences and Hybrid Identity." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 8, no. 2 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.8n.2p.15.
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The Melaka Chetti Indians are a small community of ‘peranakan’ (Malay meaning ‘locally born’) people in Malaysia. The Melaka Chettis are descendants of traders from the Indian subcontinent who married local women, mostly during the time of the Melaka Malay Empire from the 1400s to 1500s. The Melaka Chettis adopted the local lingua franca ‘bahasa Melayu’ or Malay as their first language together with the ‘adat’ (Malay meaning ‘customs’) of the Malay people, their traditional mannerisms and also their literary prowess. Not only did the Melaka Chettis successfully adopted the literary traditions of the Malay people, they also adapted these arts forms to become part of their own unique hybrid identities based on their worldviews and lived experiences within the Malay Peninsula or more famously known as the Golden Chersonese / Khersonese. Based on our one year plus fieldwork in ‘Kampung Chetti’ or Chetti Village in the state of Melaka, Malaysia where we carried out extensive oral history interviews and several focus group discussion sessions, in this empirical paper we share and critically analyse some traditional Malay pantuns that we collected from this community, and present them as notable contributions to the Malay literary canon.
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Lipski, John M. "Trinidad Spanish: implications for Afro-Hispanic language." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 64, no. 1-2 (1990): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002023.
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[First paragraph]The question of Spanish language usage among African-born slaves (known as bozales) and their descendents in Spanish America is the subject of much controversy, and has had a major impact on theories of Creole formation and the evolution of Latin American dialects of Spanish, Portuguese and French. Briefly, one school of thought maintains that, at least during the last 150-200 years of African slave trade to Spanish America, bozales and their immediate descendants spoke a relatively uniform Spanish pidgin or creole, concentrated in the Caribbean region but ostensibly extending even to many South American territories. This creole in turn had Afro-Portuguese roots, derived from if not identical to the hypothetical maritime Portuguese creole (sometimes also identified with the medieval Sabir or Lingua Franca) claimed to be the source of most European - based Creoles in Africa, Asia and the Americas.1 The principal sources of evidence come in 19th century documents from the Caribbean region, principally Cuba and Puerto Rico, where many (but not all) bozal texts share a noteworthy similarity with other demonstrably Afro-Portuguese or Afro-Hispanic Creoles in South America, Africa and Asia.
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Khaleghian, Mehrnoosh, and Fatemeh Azarakhshi. "Quantum Mechanical Investigation of Geometrical Structure and Dynamic Behavior of h-BNNT (9,9-5) and h-AlNNT (9,9-5)Single-Walled Nanotubes: NBO Analysis." Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 9 (2019): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178615666181022152818.
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In the present research, B45H36N45 Born Nitride (9,9) nanotube (BNNT) and Al45H36N45 Aluminum nitride (9,9) nanotube (AlNNT) have been studied, both having the same length of 5 angstroms. The main reason for choosing boron nitride nanotubes is their interesting properties compared with carbon nanotubes. For example, resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, chemical and thermal stability higher rather than carbon nanotubes and conductivity in these nanotubes, unlike carbon nanotubes, does not depend on the type of nanotube chirality. The method used in this study is the density functional theory (DFT) at Becke3, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) method and 6-31G* basis set for all the calculations. At first, the samples were simulated and then the optimized structure was obtained using Gaussian 09 software. The structural parameters of each nanotube were determined in 5 layers. Frequency calculations in order to extract the thermodynamic parameters and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations have been performed to evaluate the electron density and electrostatic environment of different layers, energy levels and related parameters, such as ionization energy and electronic energy, bond gap energy and the share of hybrid orbitals of different layers.
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Melo, Lucas. "Restricting the timing of Elective CS: evidence from Brazil." Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 51, no. 2 (2021): 245–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-41615122lbm.
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Abstract Brazil has one of the highest Cesarean Section (CS) rates in the world. It is a share of 58.3% reported by the Living Births Information System (SINASC) 2015-2017. It is well above the maximum rate of 15% recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this paper, we estimate impacts and unintended consequences of the Resolution 2,144 from the Federal council of Medicine (CFM) on outcomes of Low Risk First Born births (LRFB). The Resolution introduces a minimum of 39th weeks of gestation for Elective CS. Elective CS before the 39th week rate dropped 2.78 percentage points, which is statistically significant and equivalent to a 24% decrease in this outcome’s mean. We also find increases in birth’s time length: the percentage of births happening before the 39th week decreased 2.34 percentage points, which is a decrease of 6% in its average. Our results suggest that Elective CS’s were postponed from the 37-38th week to after the begin of the 39th week. We show that the policy had an unintended consequence once it seems to have changed the way potential spontaneous Natural Deliveries are anticipated from weekends to weekdays through Scheduled CS.
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Cornelis, Arnold. "The philosophy of Neeltje Jans." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (1995): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0251.
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The name of Neeltje Jans comes from prehistoric times, born in the hidden Flemish and Dutch past, at the border of the Helle, now called the North Sea. The ‘hell’ (Helle, Houle, Ho¨lle, Holle, Harle) was the place of the dead, in the past, as the sea was the major cause of death. Neeltje Jans was the Gooddess of the sea, like Gai¨a was the mother of the earth. Neeltje Jans brought mythical security, stabilizing the emotion of anxiety in an unstable world without dikes and drainages. Rijkswaterstaat took over her role, producing security in living with water by technological means. Our twentieth century brought a technology that was admirable and powerful, but Neeltje Jans wept, as she had discovered that her intellectual child, called rationality, was blind-born. At first she kept her discovery secret, taking part in an unintended conspiracy of the twentieth century against the logic of feeling, which was called subjective and irrational. But blind rationality, pretending not to know what is quality and value, was going to loose the battle of the mind. In the recent development of the philosophy of technology, water is no longer an enemy, but a field of work for value and quality. This new development of Dutch water technology makes Neeltje Jans smile, her hidden logic has been recognized by the engineer and by a growing public encouragement. Almost half a million people come each year to share the promise of the philosophy of Neeltje Jans, along the line of the unconscious logic of feeling and without knowing consciously why. This paper intends to clear up the poetic mystery and the hidden steering of the logic of feeling behind the new technology of living with water.
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Maxwell, Madeline. "Some functions and uses of literacy in the deaf community." Language in Society 14, no. 2 (1985): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500011131.
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AbstractDifferences in patterns of literacy can be understood in terms of communicative needs as governed by culturally learned notions about the appropriateness of a given communicative mode for a given social activity and by practicality as determined by biological structures and processes. It is through literacy that the deaf person can share in the linguistic experiences of the society at large, since written language is not distorted by the handicapped auditory sense. This study provides the first analysis of the ways writing is used among the deaf and between deaf and hearing communicators. Four groups were consulted and observed: the social community of deaf adults who sign, families in which parents are hearing and at least one child is deaf, families in which parents are deaf and children are hearing or deaf, deaf and hearing schoolteachers. Families with hearing parents use virtually no writing, whereas families with deaf parents and deaf adults in general use writing for several functions. The reading abilities of deaf school leavers seldom exceed fourth grade level; nevertheless, deaf adults use writing daily for exchange of information in the home, in public, on the job, and for communication by means of a telephone adaptation with a keyboard. The uses of literacy are largely conversational, personal, and instrumental. Commercial print in the form of captioned television and movies is also available. Deaf children born to deaf parents are socialized into these uses. Deaf children born to hearing parents are not. Writing which occurs in classrooms with deaf children is largely limited to lesson work, even when teachers are deaf. Literacy programs should take into account the communicative needs of deaf adults and the patterns of literacy use in deaf families. (Literacy, deafness, crosscultural analysis, ethnography of communication)
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Trivunovic, S., D. Ivanovic, D. Kucevic, V. Pantelic, J. Korora, and M. Radinovic. "Genetic parameters of incidence of dytsocia and number of stillbirths in population of Holstein-Friesian cows in Vojvodina." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 1051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103051t.
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For today?s trends in contemporary production of milk and meat, selection only for production traits is completely unacceptable, since it can contribute to numerous metabolic disorders and shortening of the production life of the animal. Contemporary breeding goals and programs are directed towards, first of all, reaching and maintaining of the optimal balance between production and functional traits without compromising the health and ethological characteristics of animals. Regardless of the breeding objective, i.e. defined program, fertility traits and fitness properties, that is the properties relating to resistance to diseases, must be included. In many countries, problems with calving difficulties and increase of mortality rate of calves in Black and White breeds occurred with the increase of share of Holstein genes in the population of Friesian cattle. Objective of this study is to present the data on number of difficult parities (calving) and number of still born claves (still births) in population of Holstein-Friesian cows in Vojvodina, and to calculate and present genetic parameters for mentioned traits. In this study, data was used on the incidence of difficult calving and number of still born claves (still births) obtained from the calving register for all producers included in the animal control program, carried out by the Faculty of Agriculture from Novi Sad, Animal Science Department, as Main breeding organization for Holstein-Friesian cattle population in Vojvodina. Data refer to years 2008 and 2009, with total of 35000 calvings. Based on calculated parameters, factors were defined which influence the expression of mentioned traits, with major impact on the economical efficiency of the milk production. It is expected that, in spite of low heritability level of 0.149 for dystocia and 0.160 for number of stillbirths, by applying the accurate methods of their genetic assessment, studied traits can be included in the breeding goals of Holstein-Friesian cattle breed in Vojvodina.
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Gashinsky, Emma. "An Aesthetic Pattern of Nonbelonging—Immigration and Identity in Contemporary Israeli Art." Arts 8, no. 4 (2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8040157.
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This research pinpoints a local pattern of migratory aesthetics recurrently employed by four Israeli artists in the early years of the 21st century. I argue that works by artists Philip Rantzer, Gary Goldstein, Haim Maor, and David Wakstein showcase a hybrid migratory self-definition that is embedded in the artistic language itself. By harnessing a collagistic language of juxtaposition and fragmentation, they frame Israeli identity as uncanny, reflecting a cultural mindset of being neither “here” nor “there”. I contend that this pattern is used by a particular generation of artists, born in the early 1950s, and reflects a reaction, in hindsight, to the Zionist ethos of collective local identity. Employing old photographs from their family albums that they transform into framed detached figures, these artists draw upon childhood memories of immigration. Their art marks an identity clash between two homelands, which is the result of intertwined aesthetic and socio-cultural characteristics. The first is evident in the prevalent use of collage in local art—in itself a language of oppositions. The second is the negation of the diaspora in the Israeli socio-cultural mentality, which constructs identity through binary thinking. To date, no other study has acknowledged this aesthetic pattern nor the common ground these artists share in their works.
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Seaford, Richard. "The Destruction of Limits in Sophokles' Elektra." Classical Quarterly 35, no. 2 (1985): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800040192.
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Greek tragedy is full of rituals perverted by intra-familial conflict. To mention some examples from the house of Atreus: the funeral bath and the funeral covering, normally administered to a man's corpse by his wife as an expression of ɸιλία, have in Aeschylus' Oresteia become instruments in the killing of Agamemnon; the pouring of libations at the tomb, normally a θελκτήριον for the dead, becomes in the Choephoroi an occasion for his arousal; Euripides has Klytaimnestra ‘sacrificed’ while performing the sacrifice for her (fictitious) newly born grandchild. On the important question of why it is that tragedians pervert ritual I hope to shed some light in future publications. The purpose of this paper is to examine the radical form taken by the perversion of mourning in Sophokles' Elektra.In the first decade of this century the comparative anthropologists Hertz and van Gennep discovered as a widespread feature of the period of mourning its character as participation in the transitional state of the recently dead, to be ended by the incorporation of the dead person into his or her proper destination and the reincorporation of the mourners into the flow of everyday social life. The mourning relatives in a sense share the condition of the dead.
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Elliot, Enid, and Frances Krusekopf. "Growing a Nature Kindergarten That Can Flourish." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 34, no. 2 (2018): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2018.27.
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AbstractGrowing a nature kindergarten that can flourish takes a community, careful planning, and sustained support. In 2011, the Sooke School District in British Columbia, Canada undertook the project of creating a nature kindergarten when outdoor programs of this kind did not exist in the Canadian public school system. Inspired by the well-established forest school and nature preschool models in northern Europe, a program to take 22 kindergarten students outside into nature every morning, regardless of the weather, was developed. This article explores how a unique framework and set of guiding principles were co-created by a diverse advisory committee. It also describes how the hiring, education, and ongoing support of the program's two educators — a kindergarten teacher and an early childhood educator — became critical to its success. The article offers an overview on steps taken, including how the idea was born, working within the public school system, building a framework and principles, hiring and education, preparing the educators, learning from our first year, ongoing support, and remaining questions. The authors’ intention is not to articulate best practices, but to share key aspects of the program's development and implementation phases that allowed the nature kindergarten to thrive over the last 5 years.
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Polovina, Nada. "Demographic increase in the context of divorce and extramarital partnership." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 121 (2006): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0621325p.
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The basic goal of this paper is to point to the scope and significance of the share of divorce and extramarital partnership in the issues related to demographic increase. The paper consists of three parts. The first part discusses the relevant demographic data which - through the increase of the divorce rates and the rates of children born extramaritally, as well as through the specification of general indicators within these categories of population (age, marriage length, education, job) - indirectly point to the reduction and impoverishment of the reproductive potentials in this subpopulation. The second part of the paper presents contemporary theoretical-research argumentation which tends to explain the dynamics of the functioning of the pattern of family and heterosexual partnership (postulates of evolution psychology, psychology of sex roles, psychology of reproductive behaviour and sociology of family). The third part presents the concluding remarks and the standpoints of the author herself about the need to construct a new thinking area and discourse which would follow the created changes and processes, as well as to preserve in them the idea of longstanding co-operative relations in which man and woman, in new life conditions and realities, contribute to the benefit of the descendents.
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Arantes, Larissa S., Sibelle T. Vilaça, Camila J. Mazzoni, and Fabrício R. Santos. "New Genetic Insights About Hybridization and Population Structure of Hawksbill and Loggerhead Turtles From Brazil." Journal of Heredity 111, no. 5 (2020): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa024.
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Abstract An extremely high incidence of hybridization among sea turtles is found along the Brazilian coast. This atypical phenomenon and its impact on sea turtle conservation can be elucidated through research focused on the evolutionary history of sea turtles. We assessed high-quality multilocus haplotypes of 143 samples of the 5 species of sea turtles that occur along the Brazilian coast to investigate the hybridization process and the population structure of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). The multilocus data were initially used to characterize interspecific hybrids. Introgression (F2 hybrids) was only confirmed in hatchlings of F1 hybrid females (hawksbill × loggerhead), indicating that introgression was either previously overestimated and F2 hybrids may not survive to adulthood, or the first-generation hybrid females nesting in Brazil were born as recent as few decades ago. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear markers recovered the mtDNA-based Indo-Pacific and Atlantic lineages for hawksbill turtles, demonstrating a deep genetic divergence dating from the early Pliocene. In addition, loggerhead turtles that share a common feeding area and belong to distinct Indo-Pacific and Atlantic mtDNA clades present no clear genetic differentiation at the nuclear level. Finally, our results indicate that hawksbill and loggerhead rookeries along the Brazilian coast are likely connected by male-mediated gene flow.
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Dzitsiuk, V. V., I. D. Mitioglo, N. B. Мochnachova, and M. L. Dobrjancka. "DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRST COWS WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES BY GROWTH GENE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 61 (May 27, 2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.61.13.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to study the allelic polymorphism of the growth hormone gene in a group of cows of the Montbeliard breed and to search for associations of its different genotypes with the parameters of the dynamics of milk yield during lactation. The research was conducted in the Department of Animal Genetics and Biotechnology of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS on a group of 30 cows of the Montbeliard cattle breed from PSP "Zhadkivske" of Chernihiv region. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood leukocytes by standard methods using the set "DNA-sorb-B" ("Ampli-Sense", Russia). Dairy productivity of first-born cows was determined monthly by control milkings. Types of lactation curves were studied according to the method of A. S. Emelyanov (1953). Polymorphism of the growth hormone (GH) gene in our first-born cows is represented by two alleles L I V, the frequency of which differs, and the frequencies of genotypes differ accordingly.
 In the studied group of animals, all possible genotypes of the growth hormone gene were identified: 25 animals (83%) have the GHLL genotype, 4 (13%) have the GHLV genotype, and only one cow has the GHVV genotype. The frequency of the L allele is 0.9, and the V allele is 0.1. The mean expectation for 305 days of the first lactation of a group of cows with the GHLL genotype was 352 kg higher than the expectations in the group of heterozygous cows with the GHLV genotype. In terms of milk fat and protein yield, cows with GHLL genotype were significantly dominated by cows with GHLV genotypes (74 kg fat and 36 kg protein, respectively, p < 0.001). Analysis of the dynamics of monthly milk yield of the studied cows for 305 days of the first lactation showed that the productivity of cows with GHLL genotype exceeds the average monthly milk yield of other groups of animals at the beginning (from 1 to 3 months), at the peak of lactation (4th month) and at the end of lactation (from 8 to 10 months). In general, during the 305 days of the first lactation, first-borns with the GHLL genotype had better milk yields compared to their peers with other growth hormone gene genotypes. Analysis of variance showed that the obtained share of variability in milking in animals with different genotypes of the GH gene is due to random factors.
 Analysis of lactation curves of primiparous women showed that milk yield of cows with all variants of genotypes in the GH gene gradually increased and reached its peak at 3–4 months of lactation, and then gradually decreased. This lactation curve, according to the classification of A. S. Emelyanov is characteristic of animals with high and stable lactation, and cows are able to digest food well and produce high hopes. \
 Thus, a statistically significant difference in quantitative and qualitative characteristics of milk productivity of cows of Montbeliard breed with different variants of genotypes by GH gene on the example of a group of cows from "Zhadkivske" Chernihiv region suggests that the use of genetic markers, in particular the growth hormone GH selection of selection and further formation of the herd in the direction of increasing milk productivity.
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Pioz, Maryline, Anne Loison, Philippe Gibert, Jean-Michel Jullien, Marc Artois, and Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont. "Antibodies against Salmonella is associated with reduced reproductive success in female alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 10 (2008): 1111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-089.
Full textAbstract:
Microbial infections that affect reproduction are poorly studied in wildlife because reproductive disorders usually go unnoticed. However, such infections are a major concern in domestic ungulates, which raises the question of their influence on reproductive success and population dynamics of wild ungulates. Three bacterial abortive infections are frequent in domestic ruminants: salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusovis, enzootic abortion caused by Chlamydophila abortus , and Q fever caused by Coxiella burnetii . They induce abortions and neonatal mortality in sheep ( Ovis aries L., 1758), goat ( Capra hircus L., 1758), and cattle ( Bos taurus L., 1758). However, little information is known about these bacteria in wild ungulates, particularly in mountain ungulates that may share alpine pastures with infected domestic ruminants. We investigated the relationship between female serological status against Salmonella, Chlamydophila, and Coxiella and her reproductive success. From 1986 to 2003, the reproductive and serological statuses of 125 female chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra (L., 1758)) aged 2–10 years were available. Reproductive success was the lowest for 2-year-old females and for females born at the highest density. Moreover, we showed for the first time in a wild ungulate population that females with high titer in antibodies against Salmonella experienced a decrease in their reproductive success. Titers in antibodies against Chlamydophila and Coxiella were not related to the reproductive success of female chamois.
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de Veer, Elisabeth, and Ann O'Hear. "Gerhard Rohlfs in Yorubaland." History in Africa 21 (1994): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171888.
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Gerhard Rohlfs was born in Vegesack near Bremen in 1831. He was a frequent traveler in Africa, and in 1865-67 he became the first European to travel from north Africa across the Sahara to the west African coast, from Tripoli to Borno, then through Bauchi and Keffi to Loko, thence down the Benue to its confluence with the Niger at Lokoja, which he reached on 28 March 1867. From there, he proceeded upstream along the Niger to Raba, delivering presents to Masaba of Nupe. From Raba, he traveled overland through Yorubaland to Lagos. In 1868 he published an account of the first half of this journey, from north Africa to Borno, in Petermann's Mitteilungen. In 1872 his account of the second half, “Gerhard Rohlfs' Reise durch Nord-Afrika vom Mittelländischen Meere bis zum Busen von Guinea, 1865 bis 1867, 2. Hälfte: von Kuka nach Lagos (Bornu, Bautschi, Saria, Nupe, Yoruba),” also appeared in Petermann's. A later publication, Quer durch Afrika, which appeared in 1874-75, covered the entire journey.Rohlfs' accounts of his travels in west Africa south of the Sahara have up to now been greatly neglected. The works mentioned above have never been published in English translation, which no doubt goes some way to explain this neglect. Rohlfs' information on his stay in Kuka (the capital of Borno) and his visits to Bauchi and Nupe have been cited by some scholars, at least. Very few, however, appear to have consulted his description of the last leg of his 1866-67 journey, in which he proceeded from the Niger south through Yorubaland to Lagos, visiting Share, Ilorin, Iwo, Ibadan, and parts of Ijebuland on the way.
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Spitz, Jean-Fabien. "Thomas Skidmore et le droit de transmettre et d’hériter." Daímon, no. 81 (June 20, 2020): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/daimon.429151.
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Nacido en 1790 y fallecido en 1932 víctima de la pandemia de cólera, Thomas Skidmore es uno de los principales representantes del agrarismo en los Estados Unidos de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Inspirado por las ideas desarrolladas por Thomas Paine en Agrarian Justice, en 1829 publicó el libro The rights of Man to property en el que desarrolla las consecuencias de la idea según la cual, siendo el mundo una propiedad común de todos los hombres, cada uno tiene un derecho imprescriptible a una parte igual de los recursos naturales. Entre estas consecuencias figura la tesis de que este derecho hace imposible todo derecho a testar, pues tal derecho haría de todo punto imposible que cada nuevo individuo incorporado tuviera acceso a la justa parte de propiedad a la que tendría derecho. Skidmore elabora así una teoría precisa acerca de las razones por las que el testador, tras su muerte, no puede tener derecho alguno sobre los bienes de los que fue propietario en vida. Born in 1790 and victim of the cholera pandemics in 1832, Thomas Skidmore is one of the main representatives of agrarianism in the United states during the first half of the XIXth century. Inspired by the principles Thomas Paine had put forth in Agrarian justice, Skidmore publishes in 1829 a book entitled The rights of man to property in which he states the consequences of the idea that, the world being the common property of all men, every individual has an imprescriptible right to an equal share of natural resources. Among those consequences is the claim that such a principle makes any right of bequest and inheritance absolutely impossible, since such a right would make it impossible that each new individual arriving in the world has an effective right of access to the just share of property he is entitled to. Skidmore builds in consequence a precise explanation of the reasons why the testator, after his death, can no longer have any right over the properties he owned during his lifetime.
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Kapitonov, V. F., and S. Yu Li-Gi-Ru. "BIRTH RATE AND POTENTIAL MEASURES TO IMPROVE IT." Social Aspects of Population Health 67, no. 2 (2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2021-67-2-10.
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Low birth rates resulting a natural decline in population and changes in its age structure, have a negative impact on the increasing shortage of labor resources in all areas of the national economy. At the same time, studies on family planning and family life values by a number of authors show that the main restraining factors of childbearing are social ones caused by a high demand for vocational education. Purpose: to assess dynamics in birth rate and factors affecting its level. Material and methods. According to the purpose of the study, 1985 parturient women were interviewed. The survey results were supplemented with data obtained through the analysis of medical documentation (individual card of the pregnant and puerperal No. 111/y). The study also used materials of the state statistics for the period 2013-2018. The following indicators were calculated: general and age-specific fertility rates, as well as special (F) and total fertility rates (Fsum). Results. The study results show that changes in the age structure of women of the fertile age and decreased age-specific fertility rates have a greater impact on indicators of the total and overall fertility rates than increase in the number of women of reproductive age. A high share of firstborn children (57.5%) born to women aged over 25 indicates a postponement of childbearing to a later age and increase in the average age of primiparous. A high share of primiparous and first-time pregnant women (88.6% and 81.3%, respectively) with higher-than-secondary education in the overall structure of puerperal suggests influence of education on the decision to postpone childbearing. Conclusion. The postponement of childbearing is influenced by a complex of factors, mainly of a socio-economic nature, as evidenced by the sociological survey of puerperal. Development of appropriate socio-economic conditions during the period of education and formation of a young family, will contribute to changes in the fertility age pattern, which is confirmed by the analysis of the responses and suggestions received from the survey respondents.
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Sack, John. "How Herb Tabor's vision for timely and accessible research led scientific publishing into the online age." Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, no. 5 (2019): 1721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.tme118.005088.
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There was a time not that long ago when scientific communication happened only in print, with research papers, letters to the editor, and all other exchanges just appearing in issues mailed weeks or months after the papers were formally accepted. Learning about this research required a personal subscription to specific journals, a well-funded library, or attendance at conferences to hear the latest results and read newly released journal issues. Even as the web came into existence, the idea of using this new platform to make a scientific journal available around the country or even the world was simply not considered. That is, until the JBC—then under the leadership of Dr. Herb Tabor—decided they must find a way. Working with professors at Stanford and the newly formed Stanford service group, Highwire Press, “JBC Online” was born in 1995. In this article, as a tribute to Dr. Tabor's 100th birthday, I share my perspective and those of others involved in this transition as to what is so remarkable about the JBC going online. Specifically, I describe how Dr. Tabor's governance and leadership of the JBC, and within the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, brought together many threads in the research, society, publishing, and technological context of the time to make sure that the JBC not only made this remarkable leap, but made it first and farthest, and paved a path for many other, and now virtually all, journals to follow.
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Klempic-Bogadi, Sanja, Margareta Gregurovic, and Sonja Podgorelec. "Migration from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia: Migration patterns of immigrants in Zagreb." Stanovnistvo 56, no. 2 (2018): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1802039k.
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The 2011 population census recorded 4,290,612 residents of Croatia among which 584,947 or 13.7% were born abroad. Even though the most of them were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina (70% or 409,357) no research was conducted about this significant group of immigrants. This paper analyses the migration flows between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia during the last 60 years, especially focusing on demographic data available from diverse secondary sources and data on migration history and transnational activities obtained through empirical study ?The Effects of Immigration from Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Sociodemographic Development of Croatian Urban Areas?. The survey was conducted in 2014 in Sesvete, district of City of Zagreb on a judgemental/purposive sample of 301 adult Croatian residents born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Historical events (especially war) and economic developments had the influence on the number of immigrants as well as their motivation and decision to move from Bosnia and Hercegovina to Croatia. The data obtained through secondary sources and the results of conducted survey confirmed the shift in dominant migration patterns during three periods. First period, after the WWII until beginning of 1990s, indicated mostly labour migration where the migrations from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia were mostly driven by economic underdevelopment of the country of origin and directed towards Croatian commercial and industrial centres. In the first half of 1990s the change of socio-political system (breakup of the former federal state) and the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina induced significant forced migrations directed towards Croatia. After the end of the war and due to the consequences of armed conflict effecting the contemporary socioeconomic and political development of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a part of its citizens who were temporary settled in Croatia (as labour migrants or refugees) or elsewhere abroad, decided not to move back to Bosnia and Herzegovina but permanently stay in or move to Croatia. This was followed by the new period of migration driven (again) mostly by economic reasons complemented by general social situation and advanced unfavourable demographic processes in Bosnia and Hercegovina. These conditions stimulated the citizens of Bosnia and Hercegovina to migrate more frequently to other, economically more developed countries (Germany, Austria) effecting significantly the number of immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina in Croatia. The respondents included in empirical research are mostly Croats by ethnic affiliation (93.4%) and 99% of them have Croatian citizenship. In the highest proportion they migrated to Croatia during the 1990s. The results showed statistically significant correlation between the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina from where they moved to Croatia and the period of migration (the most numerous migrations were recorded from the area of the contemporary Republika Srpska). Three most frequent reasons of migration were war destruction (41.5%), economic reasons (33.2%) and family reasons (13%). Almost two thirds of respondents (63.1%) had no prior migration experience and more than 90% plan to stay permanently in Croatia. The study also confirmed significant social and transnational activities of immigrants. However, these respondents cannot be considered as the ?typical migrants? since they largely share language, culture and tradition of receiving society which presents a favourable environment for their legal/political, socioeconomic and sociocultural integration.