Academic literature on the topic 'First country record'
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Journal articles on the topic "First country record"
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Zubrik, Milan, Andrej Gubka, Slavomír Rell, et al. "First record of Corythucha arcuata in Slovakia – Short Communication." Plant Protection Science 55, No. 2 (2019): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/124/2018-pps.
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In June 2018, the presence of one adult specimen and one egg cluster of the North-American oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata were recorded near the village of Mužla, close to the Danube River, in southern Slovakia. They were found on leaves of Quercus cerris growing in a mixed stand. In August 2018, other specimens (nymphs and adults) were observed on Quercus robur leaves, near Čičarovce, in eastern Slovakia. This is the first record of C. arcuata in our country. The oak lace bug probably reached us while invading from Hungary, where heavy infestation is reported from several parts of the country.
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Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. "Amphibia, Brachycephalidae, Eleutherodactylus skydmainos: first country record, Ecuador." Check List 2, no. 2 (2006): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/2.2.47.
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Venegas, Pablo J., Karen Siu-Ting, and Juan C. Jordán. "Amphibia, Hylidae, Hypsiboas pellucens: First country record, Peru." Check List 4, no. 2 (2008): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/4.2.214.
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Cisneros-Heredia, Diego. "Amphibia, Brachycephalidae, Eleutherodactylus skydmainos: first country record, Ecuador." Check List 2, no. (2) (2006): 47–49. https://doi.org/10.15560/2.2.47.
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Venegas, Pablo, Karen Siu-Ting, and Juan Jordán. "Amphibia, Hylidae, Hypsiboas pellucens: First country record, Peru." Check List 4, no. (2) (2008): 214–18. https://doi.org/10.15560/4.2.214.
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Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Giorgi Makharadze, Ioane Rostiashvili, Anastasia Datunashvili, and Roland Dobosz. "First barcode-assisted annotated checklist of owlflies (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae) of Georgia with the first record of genus Deleproctophylla Lefèbvre, 1842." Caucasiana 3 (March 14, 2024): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.3.e117039.
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The present study aims to provide an updated checklist of the owlfly subfamily Ascalaphidae Lefèbvre, 1842, with the first records of the genus Deleproctophylla Lefèbvre, 1842, from the country. The new records give an improved understanding of owlfly distribution within the country. The record of the genus Deleproctophylla in Georgia is based on a single female specimen of D. australis (Fabricius, 1787).
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Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Giorgi Makharadze, Ioane Rostiashvili, Anastasia Datunashvili, and Roland Dobosz. "First barcode-assisted annotated checklist of owlflies (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae) of Georgia with the first record of genus Deleproctophylla Lefèbvre, 1842." Caucasiana 3 (March 14, 2024): 5–18. https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.3.e117039.
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The present study aims to provide an updated checklist of the owlfly subfamily Ascalaphidae Lefèbvre, 1842, with the first records of the genus <i>Deleproctophylla</i> Lefèbvre, 1842, from the country. The new records give an improved understanding of owlfly distribution within the country. The record of the genus <i>Deleproctophylla</i> in Georgia is based on a single female specimen of <i>D. australis</i> (Fabricius, 1787).
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Venegas, Pablo J., Lourdes Y. Echevarría, Silvana C. Alvarez, and Diego Vásquez. "Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae, Stenocercus humeralis Gunther, 1859: first country record, Peru." Check List 6, no. 2 (2010): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/6.2.250.
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The current work provides the first country record of Stenocercus humeralis in Peru. This new record extends the known species’ distribution ca. 78.5 km SW from the southernmost record at 12.2 km south of Loja (on road to Vilcabamba), Ecuador
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Venegas, Pablo, Lourdes Echevarría, Silvana Alvarez, and Diego Vásquez. "Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae, Stenocercus humeralis Gunther, 1859: first country record, Peru." Check List 6, no. (2) (2010): 250–52. https://doi.org/10.15560/6.2.250.
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The current work provides the first country record of <em>Stenocercus humeralis </em>in Peru. This new record extends the known species' distribution <em>ca. </em>78.5 km SW from the southernmost record at 12.2 km south of Loja (on road to Vilcabamba), Ecuador
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Bertani, Rogério, Arthur De Sena Santos, Arthur Diesel Abbeg, Flora Roncolatto Ortiz, and Marco Antonio De Freitas. "First record of the genus Psalmopoeus (Araneae: Theraphosidae) in Brazil." Check List 12, no. 2 (2016): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1860.
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We present the first record for the genus Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895, in Brazil. A female of Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994, was collected in Pacaraíma, state of Roraima, Brazil. This country now has records of all New World tarantula genera of the subfamily Aviculariinae.
Books on the topic "First country record"
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Welborn, F. M. Gasper River Associational record: A roll book of names and deeds of Baptist heroes in the Green River country to the first centennial of Kentucky Baptists. A.B. Willhite, 2002.
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Arms, Edward W. A genealogical record of the Arms family in this country, embracing all the known descendants of William first, who have retained the family name, and the first generation of the descendants of other names. E.W. Arms, 1985.
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Richard, Marsh Timothy, ed. First county court minutes of Lincoln County, Tennessee. Southern Historical Press, 1989.
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Office, Staffordshire County Record. The first forty years: A history of the Staffordshire Record Office, 1947-1987. Staffordshire County Council Department of Libraries, Arts and Archives, 1987.
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R, Carver Gayle, ed. Muhlenberg County, first black marriage book. G.R. Carver, 1992.
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Tatum, Max L. Worth County, Georgia marriage records: The first 50 years. M.L. Tatum, 1988.
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Kelley, Helen. Cherokee County Kansas marriages, 1867-1886: First twenty years. The Society, 1986.
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Tatum, Max L. Mitchell County, Georgia marriage records: The first 50 years. M.L. Tatum, 1989.
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Sanders, Carol L. First order book: Court orders of Russell County, Kentucky. C.L. Sanders, 1991.
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Gotham, Thomas Gladys, ed. Casey County, Kentucky, first court records, 1807-1817. Bicentennial Heritage Corp., 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "First country record"
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Rohne Till, Emelie, Martin Andersson, and Isabelle Tsakok. "The State of Agricultural Transformation in Taiwan, China; the Philippines; Ethiopia; and Malawi." In Political Leadership and Agricultural Transformation. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69852-1_3.
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AbstractIn order to gain a nuanced insight into the causal connections between political leadership and agricultural transformation, the book studies four empirical country case studies. The cases include both successful and unsuccessful cases of agricultural transformations. This chapter outlines the first step of our empirical inquiry and takes stock of the state of the agricultural transformation in our four cases. This includes the well-known successful agricultural transformation in Taiwan, China (1950–1980), the failed agricultural transformations in the Philippines (1946–2020) and Malawi (1964–2020), and the mixed record of Ethiopia’s agricultural transformation (1994–2020).
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Lütolf, Meret. "Analysis Grid to Measure Egalitarianism of Parental Leave Policies." In The Balancing Act of Working Mothers and Caring Fathers. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47716-5_7.
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Abstract In a first step, a more qualitative approach will analyse the independent variable, i.e., the different design options for parental leave, in greater depth. This will address the first sub-research question from the Subsection 1.2.1 in the introduction: How should a parental leave policy be designed to achieve maximal egalitarianism? In the following section, an analysis grid will be created based on Section 5.1 to record parental leave policies and their level of egalitarianism. Section 7.2 introduces two policy indices: the policy ideal index and the policy implementation index. In Chapter 9, this grid will be used to analyse the policies of the five selected countries. The purpose is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the policies in place in each country, which will then inform the subsequent analyses and results.
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Grady, Frederick, Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales, and E. Ray Garton. "The Northernmost Occurrence of the Pleistocene Vampire Bat Desmodus stocki Jones (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatinae: Desmodontinae) in Eastern North America." In Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810266.93.73.
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Four bones of the extinct vampire bat Desmodus stocki Jones were recovered from New Trout Cave, Pendleton County, West Virginia. Three of the four elements were located in a level 30 cm below a level radio-carbon dated to 29,400±1700 years before present (BP); the fourth was located in a younger layer but is suspected to have been redeposited. This is the first record of Desmodus stocki from the central Appalachians.
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Chadjipadelis, Theodore, and Sofia Magopoulou. "COVID-19 Pandemic: A Methodological Model for the Analysis of Government’s Preventing Measures and Health Data Records." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09034-9_11.
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AbstractThe study aims to investigate the associations between the government’s response measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and weekly incidence data (positivity rate, mortality rate and testing rate) in Greece. The study focuses on the period from the detection of the first case in the country (26th February 2020) to the first week of 2022 (08th January 2022). Data analysis was based on Correspondence Analysis on a fuzzy-coded contingency table, followed by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) on the factor scores. Results revealed distinct time periods during which interesting interactions took place between control measures and incidence data.
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Purdy, Robert W., Vincent P. Schneider, Shelton P. Applegate, Jack H. McLellan, Robert L. Meyer, and Bob H. Slaughter. "The Neogene Sharks, Rays, and Bony Fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina." In Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810266.90.71.
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The fish remains, including 104 species from 52 families, collected at the Lee Creek Mine near Aurora, Beaufort County, North Carolina, constitute the largest fossil marine fish assemblages known from the Coastal Plain of the eastern United States. The fish faunas came principally from the Pungo River Formation (Burdigalian, planktonic foraminifera zones N6-7) and the Yorktown Formation (Zanclian, planktonic foraminifera zone N18 and younger). A few specimens were obtained from the James City Formation (early-middle Pleistocene). As an assemblage, the fishes found in the Pungo River Formation, including 44 species of selachians and 10 species of teleosts, are most similar to those from the “Muschelsandstein” of the Swiss Molasse. The Yorktown Formation fish assemblage includes 37 species of selachians and 40 species of teleosts, derived mostly from the base of the Sunken Meadow Member. Although the Pungo River Formation fish fauna is dominated by warm-water (18°-25°C) taxa, the Yorktown Formation fossil fish fauna includes warm and cool water species. Both fish assemblages occur with a cool-temperate invertebrate fauna. The abundant remains in both faunas permit us to make the following interpretations concerning shark taxonomy. We reassign Megascyliorhinus to the family Parascyllidae and Parotodus benedenii (Le Hon) to the Lamnidae. Among the mako sharks, we designate the lectotype of Isurus desori (Agassiz) and synonymize it with 7. oxyrinchus Rafinesque and separate Isurus xiphodon (Agassiz) from I. hastalis (Agassiz). Palaeocarcharodon, Procarcharodon, Megaselachus, and Carcharocles are synonymized with Carcharodon. Sphyrna laevissima (Cope) is synonymized with S. zygaena (Linnaeus), and Galeocerdo triqueter Cope is synonymized with Alopias cf. A. vulpinus (Bonnaterre). This fauna produced four new records and two new species. Among the selachians, we note the first records of Megascyliorhinus, Rhincodon, Megachasma, and Isistius from the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and among the bony fishes, the first occurrences in the fossil record of Caulolatilus and Pomatomus. We also describe two new species of bony fishes, Lopholatilus rayus and Pagrushyneus.
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Pachauri, Saroj, and Ash Pachauri. "Introduction: Context of the Book." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_1.
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AbstractOn January 30, 2020, India reported the first case of COVID-19 in Kerala. The index case was identified as a student returning from Wuhan. As of February 3, 2020, a total of three cases were confirmed in Kerala. However, after a month the number of cases in the country increased dramatically. On March 14, 2020, India reported its first two COVID-19-related deaths. India’s case fatality ratio remained constant at 3.2 percent until June 9, 2020, when it dropped to 2.8 percent. On March 11, 2020, when WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, Indian authorities banned visas and non-essential travel from affected countries. Subsequently, all international passengers returning to India were required to go through a screening test.On March 25, 2020, the Government of India imposed a sudden complete national lockdown for 21 days. After imposition of the lockdown, the government released several guidelines on protection measures such as making wearing face masks compulsory in public places, social distancing, and avoiding mass gatherings.As on February 5, 2020, India had a testing capacity of only 11 laboratories for testing for COVID-19. But by June 12, 2020, it had ramped up its capacity to 885 laboratories that conducted more than 125 tests a day. However, India conducts remarkably fewer tests as compared to other countries.After detecting the first case of COVID-19 on January 30, 2020, India experienced a delayed growth in its test count. Subsequently, however, India recorded a constantly increasing daily incidence rate. By December 30, 2020, the number of cases in India was recorded at 10.2 million. The authors provide a preview of all the chapters in the book.
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"User’s Guide." In Country Music Records, edited by Tony Russell. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139891.003.0003.
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Abstract At the head of each entry is the artist credit: the name of the artist or group, usually in the form most commonly used on record labels (or, in the cases of artists who had no issued recordings, the form used in company files). These are listed in alphabetical order of surname, then first name; if the first name is in the form of an initial or initials, it precedes full first names beginning with that letter. Descriptive titles such as Blind, Little, or Rev(erend) are, for this purpose, ignored, unless they take the place of a first name, in which case they are treated as such. Duet credits are listed by the name of the first artist. If a first name is lacking, as in duet credits using only surnames, the entry appears after all full-name entries for that surname. Multiple-surname or group credits appear after any of the above, in alphabetical order of the next word.
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Bokelman, Marina, and David Evans. "Going Up the Country." In Going Up the Country. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496841971.003.0008.
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This chapter presents the edited field notes written by the authors during their first field trip in 1966 to record blues music in Louisiana and Mississippi. The notes describe, in great detail, recording and interview sessions, social interactions with musicians and their families and friends, travel, leisure time activities, and problems related to fieldwork. The chapter is generously illustrated by candid, documentary photographs taken by Marina Bokelman.
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Dahiya, Surbhi. "IndiaSpend." In Digital First. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198879657.003.0006.
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Abstract IndiaSpend, also known as ‘an agency of record’, is the first public interest journalism initiative that uses data to tell stories. It works to promote accurate facts from government sources to make them accountable for their actions. This chapter tries to trace the growth of IndiaSpend and how it has made the use of data an important practice in journalism in India. It also looks at the way it reports and writes stories through data. The chapter outlines the variety of stories covered by the organization and their emphasis on the use of data journalism to give an edge to the prevailing journalism in the country. The chapter also discovers the diversification of the product development of IndiaSpend and how successful it has been in its fact-checking initiative. In addition to this, the chapter also traces the organization’s revenue and business model, marketing initiatives, and the use of technology to promote data journalism. Further in the chapter, the author discusses the niche that this digital organization has carved for itself for serious stories, its competitive edge, and its strategic intent for improving the public discourse and editorial and content management.
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Lornell, Kip. "Back Then It Was Called Hillbilly Music (1946–1957)." In Capital Bluegrass. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199863112.003.0002.
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Bluegrass began to emerge as a subset of hillbilly music shortly after the close of World War II. However, both the terms “country” music and “bluegrass” were not commonly used until the late 1950s. Throughout the 1950s WARL radio highlighted this music, mostly notably lead by DJ Don Owens. Mandolinist Buzz Busby was perhaps the most influential pioneering bluegrass music in the area and participated in the first local television show (1954) featuring this music. By the late 1940s DC Records became the first local label to record hillbilly music talent around Washington, DC, and the Happy Melody Boys were the first hillbilly/bluegrass band to appear on national television (1955). The chapter closes with the formation of the Country Gentlemen, arguably the most important local bluegrass band.
Conference papers on the topic "First country record"
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Greenberg, Aaron P., Poul Kristensen, Miranda Mitrovic, and Siddharth Ramachandran. "Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplification of 28 OAM Modes." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.stu4d.3.
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Exploiting the regime of topological confinement that has enabled scaling mode counts in passive fibers, we demonstrate the first active version of such fibers yielding an EDFA with a record high uncoupled mode count (28).
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Farhi, Nadir, Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Samie, Moataz Mahmoud Eldemerdash, et al. "A Smarter Way to Drill: First Autonomous Directional Drilling Run in Kuwait Delivers 8.5" Landing Section in Record Time - Case Study from North Kuwait." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211742-ms.
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Abstract Continuous improvement initiatives prompted the deployment of a new way to drill smart wells combining the most recent technologies. The solution consists of a complete closed loop workflow utilizing an intelligent rotary steerable system (RSS) with high-frequency downhole measurements and processing capacity, an in-bit parameter sensing device, and a novel high-speed telemetry system guided by an autonomous drilling platform. Primarily focused on reducing human intervention and improving performance, the leading Key Performance Indicators (KPI) selected to benchmark the performance were drilling time, represented by Rate of Penetration (ROP), and flat time represented by casing running time. All while providing operational consistency and reducing Health Safety and Environment (HSE) risks. The autonomous drilling platform orchestrates the rhythm in which the RSS executes commands to stay on the planned well path. Another workflow links between well placement software and the autonomous drilling platform in case a change in well trajectory is required for well placement purposes. The new pilot workflow triggered a critical well process for the planning and design phase. A comprehensive pre-well modeling exercise was required as it was the first run in the country for most of the featured technologies. The in-depth exercise resulted in a scenario-based decision tree to ensure seamless workflow execution. Three primary functions were planned for automation with varying machine control levels, and limitations posed by the drilling rig. Those functions covered directional steering and trajectory control, vibration mitigation, and hydraulic management. The first section delivered a field record with a 30% faster ROP than the best offset achieving a 7deg /100feet dogleg seamlessly while adapting to formation behavior changes to meet well plan objectives. The section also achieved the fastest casing run time among similar profile wells, breaking the second KPI record. The automation platform provided steering control during the entire section, landing the well perfectly in the target reservoir, making the section best in class in the area. Meanwhile, the hydraulics management function provided a smooth hole profile that helped tripping and casing running time. The vibration modes recorded using in-bit sensors helped analyze and build with a more effective drilling roadmap for modeling/executing future wells with even higher accuracy. With the above performance, it is worth noting that the record section was delivered using one of the historically slowest rigs in North Kuwait. The paper focuses on the details of the automated drilling suite and the internal and external workflows developed with the operator to enable the deployment of such a system and help introduce a more innovative way to drill, resulting in breaking all the records achieved with conventional methods from the first trial. It also discusses the viability of applying such methodology to other projects of varying complexity.
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Darii, Alexandra, and Maria Meleca. "Trafficking in human beings." In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359030.08.
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After the declaration of independence of the Republic of Moldova, in 1991, about 800,000 thousand people, ie a third of the active population of the country, emigrated to get rid of an obscure economic situation. As a result, traffickers use this massive, legal and illegal emigration. Thus, according to official estimates, there are over 60,000 thousand victims of trafficking in human beings, with a total population of 3.6 million inhabitants. Therefore, the Republic of Moldova is among the first places in Europe in terms of the number of trafficked persons, as reported As a result, this issue is one of the most pressing and current issues. The Republic of Moldova, considered one of the poorest countries in Europe, on the borders of the European Union, remains one of the most thriving markets for sexual exploitation, forced labor and organ trafficking, according to an AFP survey. Currently, human trafficking is one of the worst problems facing the Republic of Moldova. Although it has recorded, in a record time, unimaginable and unacceptable proportions for our society, the phenomenon is practically not in the attention of local criminologists, without criminological rigorous, it being studied occasionally. No doctoral dissertations on human trafficking have been submitted so far. Although human trafficking is currently a matter of public awareness, the population still perceives the phenomenon superficially, its essence being misunderstood. This problem persists among the employees of the law enforcement bodies. Problems arise regarding the correct legal classification of acts of trafficking in human beings.
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Azevedo, Vinicios, Firman Paluruan, and Robert Skwara. "Integrated Wireless Barrier Monitoring System Improves CO2 Well Intervention Efficiency." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22891-ea.
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Abstract An LNG plant in Australia was designed to maximize energy efficiency and minimize greenhouse gas emissions. In steady-state operations, its greenhouse gas emissions are lower than any in-country LNG project. Typically, gas supplied from two offshore fields contains CO2 (~14%) and high-volume operations run smoothly. At the time of this project, an injector well was found to have critically high CO2 levels (99%), and two other injector wells were shut-in due to pressure anomalies. A solution was needed to confirm casing isolation and detect leakage, while maintaining well barrier integrity and monitoring pressure/temperature below the tubing hanger plug. An innovative acoustic transmission platform served as a barrier assurance tool. A transmitter module (below the plug) has pressure/temperature sensors sending data through tubular/casing walls. A receiver module (above the plug) also houses pressure/temperature sensors. Once configured and deployed downhole, barrier installation is recorded, and barrier setting is verified before pressure testing. During the pressure test, sensors record pressure/temperature (in Wireline mode or fed live to surface) from either side of the barrier, confirming its integrity. The integrated wireless barrier monitoring solution exceeded customer expectations, with continuous acoustic and wireless communication maintained throughout the entire operation. Simultaneous monitoring of two wells for 500+ hours accurately documented the barrier integrity via pressure testing results. The system was run downhole in conjunction with a non-explosive slickline setting tool and retrievable bridge plug allowing to not only log the setting sequence for quality assurance but also record the pressure & temperature across the barrier. Conducted on-location, the customer was able to witness the plugs being successfully set. They then received positive confirmation of established well barrier, by continuous monitoring of the pressure between the two barriers and interpreting data from the wireless system in real time. This combined technology approach reduces time to troubleshoot and verify barriers, enabling quick evaluation of the leak source. Other benefits include significant time savings over traditional isolation methods, improving personnel safety in the well bay area by conducting real-time diagnostics, while also optimizing the suspension to allow efficient intervention or abandonment operations. The main objective of the operation was met, and verification of the shallow set plug was achieved. Barrier verification without the acoustic real-time wireless system would have been questionable. During well intervention for a major LNG plant operator in Western Australia, the novel wireless barrier monitoring solution delivered efficient, real-time pressure testing and verification to ensure success. This marks the first global installation of an integrated barrier system, combining retrievable bridge plug with wireless acoustic telemetry in supercritical CO2 disposal well. It not only allows a shallow bridge plug to be verified as a leak-free barrier, but it also enables efficient evaluation of the entire well barrier envelope.
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Kutcher, Maree Michelle, and Eric Scott. "FIRST RECORD OF EQUUS OCCIDENTALIS FROM ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LATE PLEISTOCENE DISTRIBUTION OF EQUUS IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282407.
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Lerner, A. J., and S. G. Lucas. "First record of the arthropod trace fossil Cruziana Problemtica from the Lower Permian Abo Formation, Cerros de Amado, Socorro County, New Mexico." In 2007 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. New Mexico Geological Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2006.971.
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Nasrallah, Mena, Salvatore Spagnolo, Matteo Giubertoni, Emanuele De Bonis, Giovanni Cavagnero, and Mohamed Hafez. "Reducing Drilling Risk in Extremely Sour Formations with Novel Scavenger in a Clay Free Non-Aqueous Fluid System." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211507-ms.
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Abstract This paper discusses how an organophilic clay-free invert emulsion fluid (OCF-IEF) was customized with a fast-acting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) scavenger to drill a high temperature (HT) exploration well offshore UAE with high H2S concentrations. This application was the first in country to drill through a high H2S formation using an invert emulsion fluid maintaining all parameters within required specifications setting new drilling performance limits. Exploratory HT wells are associated with notable challenges requiring extensive fluid design and qualification. The additional risk of mitigating high H2S was a key consideration in the fluid design phase. A specialized H2S scavenger was selected based on its fast reaction rates proven through testing. The drilling fluid rheology profile and hydraulics were optimized for HTHP drilling conditions, with the fragile gel structure providing adequate suspension while minimizing pressures running the liner. This paper discusses the design approach to fluid customization in the planning phase and procedures followed during execution ensuring trouble-free performance managing the high H2S risk while drilling an HT Exploration well. Proper planning and execution, using best-available drilling practices, enabled drilling of this record-breaking well without encountering significant issues that could impact rig time and increase costs. The fast-acting H2S scavenger ensured no acidic gas detection on surface throughout drilling the section, confirmed through continuous Garett Gas Train (GGT) testing on site proving no traces of the acidic gases were left untreated. This fact was confirmed through pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) sampling showing the formation drilled contained 33% H2S. The section was drilled with constant background H2S and CO2 as well as hydrocarbon gas presence and was left open for 82 days with high percentages of gas at every bottoms up. Despite this, no H2S was recorded at surface. The OCF-IEF was subjected to several static periods of up to 145 hours at temperatures between 337°F and 390°F with superior fluid stability which saved on tripping time to condition the fluid prior to logging. Proper planning and risk mitigation were key in the success of this application. The OCF-IEF system proved to be a key success factor in delivering this critical interval due to the narrow clearance while running casing, preventing any surge or swab effects. The specifically designed OCF-IEF including a fast-acting H2S scavenger displayed superior performance in treating out the acidic gases compared to other scavengers on the market and brought innovation to reality, treating H2S concentrations greater than 33% v/v with no gas released on surface. Successful deployment of this technology in such a challenging environment provides confidence in planning future exploration wells.
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Mihalache, Liviu. "A Hybrid 2/3 Level Converter With Minimum Switch Count." In Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ias.2006.256590.
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Jain, Hemant. "PREDICTING COLLEGE DROPOUT LIKELIHOOD BASED ON HIGH SCHOOL AND COLLEGE DATA: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH." In International Conference on Science & Technology, 18-19 July 2024, Bali. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icstr.2024.5758.
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College dropout rate is a significant problem, especially in the US higher education system. Among all undergraduate students, up to 40% drop out before completing their degree. This significantly impacts students and Universities alike financially and in wasted efforts. Previous research shows that there are early indicators of college success in the high school record such as grades, attendance, disciplinary incidents, and ACT/SAT scores. Additionally, there are factors in college experiences, especially in the first year of college which impact the likelihood of dropout. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no comprehensive model that can accurately predict the likelihood of college dropout and provide an early warning either in high school and/or the first year of college. We were fortunate to get access to longitudinal ten-year data of high school graduates of public schools in a county in the United States and were able to follow a subset of students who went to a specific public University. Based on more than one hundred variables from high school and college records and students’ final status we trained various machine learning models to predict the likelihood of student dropout and identify factors that play a significant role. Based on this information a prototype decision support system was developed and evaluated.
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Qiu, Chenyu. "Guilt and Poverty: Women's Gleaning in the County of Essex, 1830-1890." In 8th World Conference on Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences and Education. Eurasia Conferences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62422/978-81-981590-2-1-027.
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This study examines the decline of women’s gleaning practices in Essex, an agrarian county in southeastern England, between 1830 and 1890. Using courtroom records and newspaper reports from the Essex Standard and Essex Newsman, it explores how legal, gendered, and economic forces reshaped this survival strategy. Essex, with its enclosure-driven land consolidation, mechanization, and rural poverty, exemplifies broader nineteenth-century shifts from customary rights to capitalist property regimes. Three key processes drove this transformation. First, the legal status of gleaning became increasingly uncertain as courts wavered between customary rights and landowners’ claims. Second, gender norms influenced judicial decisions: women gleaners faced moral scrutiny, with courts penalizing perceived “disorderly” behavior while acknowledging their economic hardship. Third, farmers restricted gleaning to employees’ families, turning it into a controlled labor privilege rather than a communal right. This shift not only consolidated farmers’ control over post-harvest resources but also heightened the criminalization of women outside formal employment. By integrating legal records, gendered narratives, and labor dynamics, this study highlights how the erosion of customary rights reinforced class and gender hierarchies. It contributes to broader discussions on poverty, gender performativity, and the legal marginalization of informal economies in nineteenth-century Britain.
Reports on the topic "First country record"
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Sills, David. Northern Tornadoes Project. Annual Report 2021. Western Libraries, Western University for Northern Tornadoes Project, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ntpar1003.
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The Northern Tornado Project’s third year of detecting, assessing and documenting tornadoes and other damaging wind events across Canada saw some interesting extremes – tornadoes in parts of both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts for the first time in decades, an apparent absence of tornadoes on the Prairies over the 60 days with the highest climatological frequency, a record number of significant (EF2+) tornadoes in Ontario, and massive downbursts in NE British Columbia, NW Alberta and SW Northwest Territories associated with an historic ‘heat dome’. On top of this, the COVID-19 pandemic was still spreading across the country in waves. Thankfully, it subsided enough over the summer that NTP teams were able to travel safely to various locations across the country for ground surveys. Some of the most challenging ground surveys investigated high-impact damage from the July 15th EF2 Barrie, Ontario tornado, and others significant tornadoes from that day.
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Lora, Eduardo, and Ugo Panizza. Structural Reforms in Latin America under Scrutiny. Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012220.
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The future of structural reforms in Latin America is under discussion. The purpose of this document is to synthesize the facts and opinions that underlie this debate. The first section shows that although the reform process has not ground to a halt, it has been incomplete and uneven, both across countries and different areas of reform. The greatest progress has been made in reforming the trade and financial sectors. In terms of tax reform and privatization, the record has been mixed across countries. The most modest progress has been made in the area of labor code reform. The second section analyzes the status of public opinion of the reform process. Disillusionment with the reforms has been growing, particularly among the middle class. This disapproval, rather than reflecting concerns about the state of the economy or the degree of progress of the reforms, stems from the corruption that has tainted the privatization process in some countries. The third section reviews the effects of the reforms. Their impact on growth seems to have been positive, albeit temporary, but the effects on employment and income distribution have varied in different areas of reform and according to the particular context in each country. Specifically, the effectiveness of reforms has depended heavily on the quality of public institutions. The fourth section summarizes the main proposals to expand or reorient the reform agenda in the region. One set of proposals suggests broadening the Washington Consensus with more active policies aimed at addressing the need for greater economic stability, social integration and equitable income distribution. Another set of proposals, guided by a more encompassing view of the goals of development, emphasizes the interaction among civil society, the private sector, and the government. Finally, a more radical vision proposes a new national and international institutional architecture that would limit the role of markets and mitigate the effects of globalization.
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Bernad, Ludovic, Yves Nsengiyumva, Benjamin Byinshi, Naphtal Hakizimana, and Fabrizio Santoro. Digital Merchant Payments as a Medium of Tax Compliance. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.011.
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Consumers in Africa increasingly pay for their purchases through mobile money, especially since the pandemic. These transactions are known as digital merchant payments. Rwandan consumers can choose between using standard mobile money services or a specific service only for digital merchant payments – MoMo Pay. Digital payments of any kind have the potential to improve tax compliance, because they imply digital data trails and better record keeping. How far is this potential being realised in Rwanda? In collaboration with the Rwanda Revenue Authority, we collected survey data from 1,100 merchants country-wide and were able to correlate this with tax administrative data, i.e. the tax records of the interviewees held by the revenue authority. We also conducted focus group discussions with 15 merchants. We found that the great majority of payments are still made in cash. Larger, more knowledgeable and financially included merchants opt for MoMo Pay as opposed to standard mobile money, the latter being preferred by female and less educated and equipped merchants. At the start of the pandemic, in March 2020, for a period of 18 months, all fees on MoMo Pay transactions were waived to foster digital payments through the service. In September 2021, fees were then reintroduced. The waiver led to a significant rise in the use of MoMo Pay relative to cash. When the MoMo Pay fee was reintroduced, there was a significant shift back to cash from both MoMo Pay and standard mobile money services, even if the latter were not affected by the fee. Lastly, we measure whether the adoption of digital payments correlates with merchants’ tax perceptions and compliance behaviour. First, we show that merchants using MoMo Pay tend to disagree with the obligation of paying taxes in order to receive public services, a measure of fiscal reciprocity. Such negative correlation is probably due to the fee imposed on MoMo Pay. Furthermore, standard mobile money usage improves the perceived ease of complying with taxes, while that is not the case for MoMo Pay. Again, the fact that fees on MoMo Pay are not clearly identifiable in MoMo Pay statements complicates merchants’ reporting and reconciliation of their activity for tax purposes. When it comes to compliance behaviour with VAT, the adoption of digital payments by merchants only improves their reported VAT sales and inputs, and only in the short term, while final VAT liability does not change. This hints at perverse compensating strategies to avoid taxes. We recommend that the tax administration better understand the adoption patterns of digital payments and incentivise usage among less equipped categories of taxpayers. The tax administration would also benefit from getting access to mobile money data to better monitor and enforce merchants’ compliance.
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Underwood, H., Madison Hand, Donald Leopold, Madison Hand, Donald Leopold, and H. Underwood. Abundance and distribution of white-tailed deer on First State National Historical Park and surrounding lands. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305428.
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We estimated both abundance and distribution of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Brandywine Valley unit of First State National Historical Park (FRST) and the Brandywine Creek State Park (BCSP) during 2020 and 2021 with two widely used field methods ? a road-based count and a network of camera traps. We conducted 24 road-based counts, covering 260 km of roadway, and deployed up to 16 camera traps, processing over 82,000 images representing over 5,000 independent observations. In both years, we identified bucks based on their body and antler characteristics, tracking their movements between baited camera trap locations. We tested seven estimators commonly reported in the literature, comparing the relative merits for managers of small, protected natural areas like FRST. Deer densities estimated from conventional road-based distance sampling were approximately 10 deer/km2 lower than densities estimated from camera-trapping surveys. We attribute the bias in road-based distance sampling to the difficulty of recording the precise effort expended to obtain the counts. Modifying the distance sampling method addressed many of the issues associated with the conventional approach. Despite little substantive differences in land cover types between the two methods, a clear spatial segregation of male and female deer at camera trap locations could bias road-based counts if the sexes are not encountered in proportion to their abundances. There was a distinct gradient in deer distribution across the study area, with higher proportions of deer recorded in camera traps at FRST than BCSP, which harvests 20?60 deer annually during a regulated, hunting season. The most reliable (i.e., low bias, acceptable precision) methods, Spatial Capture Recapture (SCR) and Density Surface Modeling (DSM), produced deer densities of approximately 50 deer/km2 in each year ? a number which is consistent with previous estimates for New Castle County, Delaware, and our experience in similar, unhunted natural areas. Across both FRST and BCSP, these densities translated into area-wide (~1000 ha) population sizes between 650?1000 deer, with about one-half to two-thirds comprising the FRST population. Density surface modeling of mapped locations of deer detected during surveys, combined with camera-trapping and a time-to-event data analysis might be the only practical means of reliably assessing white-tailed deer abundance in small (<2000 ha), protected natural areas like FRST. Most other approaches are either too time-consuming, require identification and tracking of individual deer, the use of bait, or require intervention by a subject-area expert.
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Homan, H. Jeffrey, Ron J. Johnson, James R. Thiele, and George M. Linz. European Starlings. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207737.ws.
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European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, Figure 1)are an invasive species in the United States. The first recorded release of the birds was in 1890 in New York City’s Central Park. Because starlings easily adapt to a variety of habitats, nest sites and food sources, the birds spread quickly across the country. Today, there are about 150 million starlings in North America. Conflicts between people and starlings occur mostly in agricultural settings. Starlings damage apples, blueberries, cherries, figs, grapes, peaches, and strawberries. Starlings gather at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) during late fall and winter. Starlings also cause human health problem, airplane hazards, and nuisance problems. European starlings are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA).
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Aromolaran, Adebayo B., Milu Muyanga, Fadlullah O. Issa, and Oladele Oladeji. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.042.
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The first case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was reported on 27 February 2020. By 30 March 2020, Nigeria had recorded 131 confirmed cases and two deaths. To mitigate the impending health crisis, the Nigerian Government quickly commenced a series of COVID-19 lockdowns across states in Nigeria on 30 March 2020. These lockdowns lasted for three months before a gradual relaxation began on 1 July 2021. However, infection and death cases in the country increased substantially during the months of substantial relaxation of restrictions between October 2020 and March 2021. This paper presents the results of the rapid assessment study in Nigeria between July 2020 and February 2021, which sought to document and understand the differential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural commercialisation, food and nutrition security, employment, poverty, and well-being in rural households.
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Evaluation of hanging-garden endemic-plant monitoring at Southeast Utah Group national parks, 2013–2020. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294868.
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Hanging gardens are the most common type of spring at Arches National Park (NP) and Natural Bridges National Monument (NM). They are also present at Canyonlands National Park, but hanging gardens are rare off the Colorado Plateau. Their cliffside setting provides stable access to water without flood disturbance. This combination provides unique habitat that is rich in endemic plant species. The diffuse, seeping emergence of water makes measuring springflow impossible at most sites. Park managers have an interest in monitoring hanging gardens—especially as the climate warms and aridity and water demand both increase. The Northern Colorado Plateau Net-work (NCPN) proposed methods for monitoring seven perennial endemic-plant species at hanging gardens as indicators of spring health and proxies for water availability. Because hanging gardens occur on bedrock outcrops, systematic or random sampling was not possible due to safety concerns and potential resource damage on steep, wet slopes. Examining eight years (2013–2020) of data, this report evaluates the suitability of endemic-plant count data at hanging gardens as a monitoring indicator. It also provides our first evaluation of status and trends at NCPN hanging gardens. The seven species included in monitoring were Rydberg’s thistle (Cirsium rydbergii), Kachina daisy (Erigeron kachinensis), alcove death camas (Zigadenus vaginatus), alcove bog orchid (Habenaria zothecina), cave primrose (Primula specuicola), alcove columbine (Aquilegia micrantha), and Eastwood’s monkeyflower (Mimulus eastwoodiae). Six of the seven species were found at each park. Up to 500 individuals of each species were counted at 42 hanging gardens in Arches NP, 14 hanging gardens in Natural Bridges NM, and 3 hanging gardens in Canyonlands NP. Larger populations were divided into count classes of 501–1,000, 1,001–10,000, and more than 10,000 individuals. Counts from two independent observers and from back-to-back years of sampling were compared for repeatability. Repeatability in count classes was less than 50% for Kachina daisy and Eastwood’s monkeyflower, which both propagate vegetatively via ramets and/or stolons. Repeatability was greater than 90% for only one species, Rydberg’s thistle. The remaining species were categorized in different classes between 15–40% of the time. Independent-observer comparisons were only available for 6.6% of the dataset, but these observations suggested that (1) observer bias was present and (2) the observer with more experience working in hanging gardens generally had higher counts than the observer with less experience in this system. Although repeatability was variable, it was within the range reported by other studies for most species. The NCPN, in discussion with park staff, has elected to make some modifications to the protocol but will continue using endemic plant counts as an indicator of hanging-garden health to maintain a biological variable as a complement to our physical-response data. This is due to their high value to park biodiversity and the difficulty of developing a more robust approach to monitoring in these sites. Endemic-plant monitoring will continue for the five species with the highest repeatability during pilot monitoring and will focus on detecting changes in smaller populations. Most hanging gardens have more than one endemic species present, so several populations can be tracked at each site. Our period of record is relatively brief, and the distribution of endemic-plant populations in different count classes at these sites has not yet shown any statistical trends over time. Be-cause of the large count classes, our methods are more sensitive to showing change in smaller populations (fewer than 500 individuals). Small populations are also of greatest concern to park managers because of their vulnerability to declines or extirpation due to drought. Over-all, more sites had endemic-plant populations of fewer than 100 individuals at the end...
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Fullwood, Kasey, Greta Rayle, and William Hunter. National Register of Historic Places Determination of Eligibility for Mission 66-Era Resources, Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park, LaRue County, Kentucky. National Park Service, 2023. https://doi.org/10.36967/2309631.
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The NPS contracted with North Wind Resource Consulting, LLC (North Wind) to prepare a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Determination of Eligibility (DOE) for Mission 66-era resources located within the Birthplace Unit of Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park. This documentation is part of a larger effort by the Southeastern Regional Office to record and provide NRHP DOEs for Mission 66-era properties and cultural landscapes located within the 88 Park Service units currently under its management. The on-site inspection of the Birthplace Unit of Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park resulted in the identification of 20 Mission 66-era resources. These resources were first evaluated for individual eligibility for listing in the NRHP and were then evaluated as contributing or non-contributing resources to two potential historic districts following the guidance established in the NPS Mission 66 Era Resources Multiple Property Documentation Form (MPDF) in 2015. Of the 20 resources documented by North Wind as part of the current study, only the Visitor Center is recommended as individually eligible for listing in the NRHP. The Visitor Center is recommended as individually eligible for listing in the NRHP at the local level under Criterion A, under the themes of Community Planning and Development and Entertainment/Recreation for its association with the Mission 66 program as part of the development of the National Park System. The period of significance for the Visitor Center is defined as beginning with its completion in 1959 and ending in 1973 with the completion of the final improvements planned as part of the park’s Mission 66 Master Plan. Additionally, the Visitor Center retains integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, as defined by the NRHP.
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Roberts, Samuel, Elizabeth Tymkiw, Zachary Ladin, and Greg Shriver. Status and trends of landbird populations in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: 2022 field season. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299435.
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In 2022, the University of Delaware, in cooperation with the National Park Service (NPS), completed the seventeenth year of a habitat-based landbird monitoring program in park units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN). This program is designed to provide rigorous population trend data for most diurnal, regularly occurring breeding landbird spe-cies throughout the network. This population information is useful for land managers and supports the National Park Service’s goal of long-term monitoring of biological indicators for network parks. In 2022, university biologists surveyed all 45 survey locations within 11 NPS units. Fifteen transects were located in each of the three habitats of interest: low-elevation riparian, pin-yon-juniper, and sagebrush shrubland. Each location was surveyed once. In addition to the habitat-based surveys, four point counts and an area search were conducted at Pipe Spring National Monument using a modified monitoring design. Over 17 years of data collection, 15,777 point-count surveys have been conducted in 11 NCPN units, detecting 179 unique species. During the 2022 field season, 638 point-count surveys were conducted, detecting 117 unique species. A total of 6,245 individual birds of 117 unique species were recorded. One new species was detected for this monitoring pro-gram: a Lewis’s woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park. In addition, the following birds were detected in the following parks for the first time in this monitoring program: lazuli bunting (Passerina amoena), Black Canyon of the Gun-nison National Park; summer tanager (Piranga rubra), Arches National Park; MacGillivray’s warbler (Geothlypis tolmiei), Bryce Canyon National Park; red-naped sapsucker (Sphyrapicus nuchalis), Curecanti National Recreation Area, and Lincoln’s sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii), Zion National Park.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.