Academic literature on the topic 'First important work in Awadhi language'
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Journal articles on the topic "First important work in Awadhi language"
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Foster–Cohen, Susan. "SLA AND FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 19 (January 1999): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190599190019.
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In a brief article published some years ago (Foster-Cohen 1993), I suggested that fruitful collaboration between the fields of first and second language acquisition was underexploited. I also suggested that second language researchers were, in general, better at keeping themselves informed of developments in first language studies than first language researchers were at paying attention to second language issues. I think it fair to say that there are some signs this is changing. One is the now established existence of the journal Language Acquisition (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates), started in 1990, which publishes work in both first and second language acquisition with a view to understanding the nature of language acquisition in general. Its preference for papers that address issues in formal linguistic theory complements well Applied Psycholinguistics (Cambridge University Press), which has always published material relevant to both fields, but which also goes well beyond acquisition issues in its brief. A second factor seems to be a gentle but insistent re-examination of issues in bilingualism and a growing awareness that bilingual studies, second language studies, and first language studies overlap in important ways in the study of the bilingual individual. One key indicator of this shift is the appearance of a new journal Bilingualism: Language and Cognition (Cambridge University Press).
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Kumar, Manish. "Historicity of Padmavat." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1532.
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In Hindi literature, 'Padmavat' is Daidipyaman Nakshatra. Jayasi created this epic in the 16th century in the typical Awadhi language. The sweetness, emotional beauty, Sufi spirituality and historicity of its language is not seen. The poet has created this epic with the sum of folk, imagination and history. Jayasi has created the 'Padmavat' by combining the legend of Jauhar of Padmini, the queen of Choudaur, in the legend of the popular queen and Sugge of Awadh province. This epic is a mirror of medieval India. It shows the social, cultural, political and historical splendor of erstwhile Indian society.
Various scholars of Hindi literature have examined the historicity of 'Padmavat' in their own way. It is possible to test its historicity with important historical sources such as archaeological remains, inscriptions, contemporary literary texts and history books. Before examining the historicity of this work, it is mandatory to get information about the history of its creator.
हिन्दी साहित्याकाश में ‘पद्मावत’ दैदिप्यमान् नक्षत्र है। जायसी ने 16 वीं सदी में ठेठ अवधी भाषा में इस महाकाव्य का सृजन किया था। इसकी भाषा की मिठास, भाव सौंदर्य, सूफी अध्यात्म और ऐतिहासिकता देखते नहीं बन पड़ती है। कवि ने इस महाकाव्य का सृजन लोक, कल्पना और इतिहास के योग से की है। जायसी ने अवध प्रांत की लोकप्रचलित रानी और सुग्गे की कथा में चिŸाौड़ की रानी पद्मिनी के जौहर की कथा का सम्मिश्रण कर, ‘पद्मावत’ का सृजन किया है। यह महाकाव्य मध्यकालीन भारतवर्ष का दर्पण है। इसमें तत्कालीन भारतीय समाज की सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, राजनीतिक और ऐतिहासिक वैभव दिखाई देता है।
हिन्दी साहित्य के विभिन्न विद्वानों ने ‘पद्मावत’ की ऐतिहासिकता की परीक्षा अपने-अपने ढंग से की है। महत्वपूर्ण ऐतिहासिक स्त्रोत जैसे- पुरातात्विक अवशेष, शिलालेख, समकालीन साहित्यक ग्रंथ एवं इतिहास की पुस्तकों से इसकी ऐतिहासिकता की परीक्षा संभव है। इस रचना की ऐतिहासिकता की परीक्षा से पूर्व इसके रचनाकार के इतिहास के विषय में जानकारी प्राप्त करना अनिवार्य है।
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Christensen, Martin Ejsing, and Thomas Bohl. "Ordinary Language Philosophy in Aarhus." Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 53, no. 1 (November 26, 2020): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689300-05301004.
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Abstract This paper examines the way in which Ordinary Language Philosophy came to exert an important influence on the work done at Aarhus University’s department of philosophy in the latter half of the 20th century. The first section depicts the rise of Ordinary Language Philosophy as an international movement centered around Oxford in the wake of World War ii. The second section goes on to describe how it was brought to Aarhus by Professor Justus Hartnack, who had been deeply influenced by the movement during stays abroad in the UK and the US. The following three sections move on to describe some of the important ways in which Ordinary Language Philosophy has influenced the work of three of Hartnack’s most prominent students (Hans Fink, Uffe Juul Jensen and Jørgen Husted), who have influenced the life of the department in crucial ways from the 1970s until recently. Finally, the paper ends by briefly assessing the legacy and contemporary influence of Ordinary Language Philosophy in Aarhus.
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Wen-Li, Ke. "How Can Semantics Work to Help Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 47, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.47.2.06wen.
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This paper attempts to probe into some aspects of semantic studies which may be of help to the understanding, explaining, and solution of some of the problems in translation. In the first part ense and reference, he author states the relationship between sense and reference, and points out that failure to understand this and to make a distinction between them can lead to paradoxes and mistakes in translation. In the second part “Hyponymy,” the author, through examples and diagrams, explains the implication of hyponymy, and proves that a better knowledge of hyponomy is not only important in language acquisition but also quite helpful to the translator. Examples are given to show how the knowledge of hyponymy can be applied to translation. In the third part hanges of meaning, he author discusses how Bloomfield, and Baugh and Cable classified types of changes of meaning, and points out if insufficient attention is paid to the change of meaning, a translator can hardly avoid falling into error in translating. In the fourth part ontext, he author discusses how different scholars treated context in different ways and makes it clear that context is very important in correctly understanding the original text. Without contextual knowledge and information, a translator is sure to make mistakes. Examples are given to show how anomalous or deviant sentences can be understood and translated with the help of context. After discussion of the four aspects, the author comes to the conclusion that for a satisfying translation, it is particularly necessary and helpful for a translator to have some idea of the relationship between semantics and translation and to have some general knowledge of semantics.
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Klifman, Harm. "Dutch language study and the trivium." Historiographia Linguistica 15, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1988): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.05kli.
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Summary In the history of European linguistics the 16th century is known as the century in which the vernacular languages of the countries above the Alps and the Pyrenees were discovered as objects of language study. The first grammars of the Dutch language appeared in this period. The study of grammar of the Dutch language took place within the context of a continuation of the Latin trivium tradition in the vernacular. As a consequence the historiographer must take into account this context and the traditional relation of grammar to dialectic and to rhetoric respectively. The first complete trivium in Dutch appeared during 1584–87, the last one in 1648–49. In the period in between, several reprints and editions in the separate disciplines, appeared. The reason for continuation of the Latin trivium tradition in the vernacular should be explained from various circumstances. First, it was the only intellectual tradition on which the contributors to the Dutch trivium could draw. This explains for instance that the structure of the Dutch grammars is based on that of the Latin grammars. Second, Latin grammar was taken to fulfill a heuristic function in the exploration of the vernacular. Not only is the formal context of the Latin trivium model important, but also the historical pedagogical triad of ars, natura and exercitatio played an important role, especially with respect to the criteria of grammaticalness in the Dutch language. The history of the trivium was always strongly connected with the history of education. For this reason it is not surprising to see that the contributors to the Dutch trivium hoped that their work would replace the Latin school curriculum. This did not happen, however. Nevertheless, their work laid the foundations for the study of the Dutch language on which the 18th century grammarians were to build their monumental studies.
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Pandžić, Zvonko. "Tense, mood and aspect in the first grammar of Croatian (Kašić 1604)." Historiographia Linguistica 31, no. 1 (July 30, 2004): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.1.03pan.
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Summary This paper deals with the first Croatian grammar published in 1604 by the Jesuit Bartul Kašić (1575–1650). Within the framework of a multi-level approach of historical hermeneutics, the author investigates both the linguistic and the philosophical presuppositions of this grammar. After having established Kašić’s humanistic sources (Manutius, Giambullari, Linacre, Álvares, Gretser), the paper sketches the historical background of the grammatization process of Slavic languages in general. It then analyses the verbal categories of tense, mood and aspect within this humanistic tradition as well as the immanent semantics of Kašić’s work. The focal point of the paper is Aristotle’s definition of time that Thomas Linacre (1524) had reintroduced into the description of verbs and which was taken over by Kašić through the work of Giambullari (1552). This notion of time, however, served not only to portray verbal tenses in vernacular grammars but also those of Greek and Latin (Apollonius Dyscolus, Diomedes, Augustine, Priscian, etc.). As the author tries to demonstrate, Kašić’s work constitutes the genuine crystallising point of the so-called onto-semantic view of language and grammar. Furthermore, Kašić’s analysis of verbal moods is shown to follow the humanistic tradition and that of the grammatization of Slavic moods. Kašić’s attempt to relate the eminently important category of aspect in Slavic to ‘Aristotelian’ and ‘Varronian’ aspects of Latin grammar may be regarded as pioneering in the history of Slavic linguistics.
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Chatterji, S. D. "The Mathematical Work of Norbert Wiener (1894‐1964)." Kybernetes 23, no. 6/7 (August 1, 1994): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929410068325.
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Describes some parts of Wiener’s significant contribution to mathematics in as simple and non‐technical a language as possible. Looks at Wiener’s early research and how he applied integration theory to potential theory, but not without first explaining the background to integration theory. Then describes one of Wiener’s most important works – that on Brownian motion, and how other theories such as harmonic analysis flowed from his study of Brownian motion. Concludes with a brief chronology of Wiener’s life.
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Sawyer, Wayne. "Peter Medway: of his time?" English Teaching: Practice & Critique 15, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/etpc-11-2015-0095.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the important work of Peter Medway in seeking to define English as a school subject in the period from the 1980s to the early years of this century. Design/methodology/approach The author reviews the work of Peter Medway. Findings The paper addresses the issue of how his work reflected – or not – the curriculum thinking of his time and the complexity of ideas he brought to this endeavour. Originality/value This paper is an original look at the work of Peter Medway in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
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Luciano, Michelle, and Timothy C. Bates. "The Genetics of Reading and Language." Twin Research and Human Genetics 23, no. 2 (April 2020): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2020.28.
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AbstractRecounts how our collaboration with Nick Martin was shaped over two decades, leading to the first studies of predictions from the ‘Dual Route Cascaded’ computational model of reading in twins, and extending into the molecular work, first linkage, fine mapping of genes identified in pedigree studies, into now the genomewide association study era and the first polygenic risk scores for reading and their potential in early clarifying causality and validating interventions, as well as for future global collaborations in improving these predictors and identifying causal variants. We highlight Nick’s warm, future-focused optimism, support and inclusive approach without which none of this would have been possible. The circle of Nick asking, over half a century ago, ‘What genes do you think make some kids get better grades?’ has built a diverse scientific legacy involving thousands of papers and collaborations. The (heritable) traits of curiosity, boldness, warmth, interest in societally important questions, openness to new methods, ambition and collaborative skill to bring into being the infrastructure and samples needed for this research are rare, and we are grateful.
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Michele, Marsonet. "Language and Idealism." Academicus International Scientific Journal 23 (January 2021): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2021.23.10.
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In the philosophical inquiry adopted by logical empiricists, analysis of scientific language becomes something similar to a metaphysical endeavor which is meant to establish the bounds of sense, and this stance may be easily traced back to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. On the other hand, the analytic tradition transferred this conception to the analysis of ordinary language, and this move, eventually, was able to restore the confidence of many philosophers in their own work. After all they were doing something important and worthwhile, that is to say, something no one else was doing, since linguists are certainly concerned with language, but from quite a different point of view. At this point we may well ask ourselves: What is wrong with this kind of approach, given the present crisis of the analytic tradition and the growing success of the so-called postanalytic thought? At first sight it looks perfectly legitimate and, moreover, it produced important results, as anybody can verify just reading the masterpieces of contemporary analytic philosophy. To answer the question: What is wrong?, we must first of all take into account language itself and check what it is meant to be within the analytic tradition. This will give our question a clear answer. We have to verify, furthermore, what kind of knowledge philosophy needs to be equipped with if it wants to preserve its autonomy. The logical positivists clearly claimed in their program that there is no synthetic a priori knowledge such as the one envisioned by Immanuel Kant. There is, however, an analytic and a priori knowledge which is supplied by mathematics and logic alone. Within this field, the techniques of contemporary formal logic are exalted because they allow us to build artificial languages which - at least theoretically - eliminate the ambiguities of everyday speech.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "First important work in Awadhi language"
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Thistleton, Lisa Francesca. "A realistic evaluation of the work of a speech and language therapy service in primary schools (the First Schools Project) using the perceptions of some of the important stakeholders (teachers, SLTs and parents)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/237/.
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Speech and language therapists (SLTs) have expertise in supporting schools in meeting language needs but SLTs are part of the health service. The First Schools Project was developed as a way of collaborative working between a speech and language therapy service and primary schools and for its evaluation Pawson and Tilley’s (1997) model of realistic evaluation (with its principle of explanatory causation) was chosen. This was innovatory use of the model in educational research. Realistic theories were developed in the form of Contexts (possible explanations for Outcomes), Mechanisms (the structures of the First Schools Project e.g. regular school visits) and Outcomes. There were two parts to the inquiry. Part 1 was concerned with identifying regularities (i.e., which Mechanisms of the First Schools Project were occurring with which Outcomes) and a questionnaire with school staff was used. The purpose of Part 2 was to explain those regularities by collecting data that would support, modify or challenge the realistic theories. A version of the realistic interview (Pawson, 2006) was used with stakeholders (parents, teachers and SLTs). Contexts that facilitated the working of the First Schools Project were identified and suggestions are made for future education researchers who choose the model of realistic evaluation.
Books on the topic "First important work in Awadhi language"
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Jha, Mithilesh Kumar. Language Politics and Public Sphere in North India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479344.001.0001.
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Moving beyond the existing scholarship on language politics in north India which implicitly or explicitly focuses on Hindi–Urdu debates, this book examines the formation of the Maithili movement in the context of expansion of Hindi as the ‘national’ language. For a long time, the Hindi–Urdu debate has provided an important source to critically asses various facets of the nationalist movement in north India. But much emphasis on this debate has undermined simultaneous developments taking place in ‘minor’ linguistic spheres within the ‘Hindi heartland’ like Maithili, Braj, Awadhi, and Bhojpuri. This work also revisits the dynamic hierarchy through which a distinction is produced between ‘major’ and ‘minor’ languages. Significance of these ‘minor’ linguistic movements lies in the ways through which they resist such domination and appropriations while asserting their own independence. Throughout the history of the Maithili movement, what one finds is not just an opposition to Hindi’s claim of Maithili being its ‘dialect’ or the ambivalent relationship between the two. But more appropriately, one can see a double movement. The authority of Hindi has strengthened within the Maithili-speaking region even when the movement for the recognition of Maithili as an independent language has become more assertive. Another paradox of the Maithili movement has been its increasing politicization—from Hindi–Maithili ambiguities and antagonisms to territorial consciousness and finally demands for a separate statehood of Mithila, along with the persistent indifferent attitude of the masses. This work examines these processes historically since the middle of the nineteenth century until the inclusion of Maithili into the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2004.
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Cappelen, Herman. Fixing Language. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814719.001.0001.
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Fixing Language is a book about ways in which language (and other representational devices) can be defective and improved. In all parts of philosophy there are philosophers who criticize the concepts we have and propose ways to improve them. Once one notices this about philosophy, it’s easy to see that revisionist projects occur in a range of other intellectual disciplines and in ordinary life. That fact gives rise to a cluster of questions: How does the process of conceptual amelioration work? What are the limits of revision (how much revision is too much)? How does the process of revision fit into an overall theory of language and communication? This book is an effort to answer those questions. In so doing, it is also an attempt to draw attention to a tradition in twentieth- and twenty-first-century philosophy that isn’t sufficiently recognized as a unified tradition. There’s a straight intellectual line from Frege (e.g. of the Begriffsschrift) and Carnap to a cluster of contemporary work that isn’t typically seen as closely related: much work on gender and race, revisionism about truth, revisionists about moral language, and revisionists in metaphysics and philosophy of mind. These views all have common core commitments: revision is both possible and important. They also face common challenges: how is amelioration done, what assumptions need to be made, e.g., about the nature of concepts, and what are the limits of revision?
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Sedighi, Anousha. Persian as a Heritage Language. Edited by Anousha Sedighi and Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736745.013.15.
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This chapter discusses the phenomenon of ‘Heritage Language’ as a whole, with a focus on Persian as a heritage language. Studying heritage languages is an emerging field, which has flourished within the past several decades and, as migration and globalization grows, heritage languages are becoming more important. The first part of this chapter provides an original contribution by unifying the existing research on Persian as a heritage language. This is a crucial task, because various researchers have already explored this topic from different perspectives. However, many scholars are not aware of the existing research, which causes them to start the work from the ground up. The second part of this chapter examines various characteristics of heritage Persian speakers in terms of their linguistic and metalinguistic abilities, compares their profiles with that of a native speaker and a second land-language learner, and sheds light on the current challenges within this field.
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de Almeida, Roberto G., and Lila R. Gleitman, eds. On Concepts, Modules, and Language. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.001.0001.
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What are the landmarks of the cognitive revolution? What are the core topics of modern cognitive science? Where is cognitive science heading? These and other questions are addressed in this volume by leading cognitive scientists as they examine the work of one of cognitive science’s most influential and polemical figures: Jerry Fodor. Newly commissioned chapters by Noam Chomsky, Tom Bever, Merrill Garrett, Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini, Zenon Pylyshyn, Janet Fodor, Randy C. Gallistel, Ernie Lepore, Mary C. Potter, Lila R. Gleitman, and others, put in perspective Fodor’s contribution to cognitive science by focusing on three main themes: the nature of concepts, the modularity of language and vision, and the language of thought. This is a one-of-a-kind series of essays on cognitive science and on Fodor. In this volume, Chomsky contrasts his view of modularity with that of Fodor’s; Bever discusses the nature of consciousness, particularly regarding language perception; Garrett reassesses his view of modularity in language production; Pylyshyn presents his view of the connection between visual perception and conceptual attainment; Gallistel proposes what the biological bases of the computational theory of mind might be; and Piattelli-Palmarini discusses Fodor’s views on conceptual nativism. These and many other key figures of cognitive science are brought together, for the first time, to discuss their work in relation to that of Fodor’s, who is responsible for advancing many of cognitive science’s most important hypotheses. This volume—for students and advanced researchers of cognitive science—is bound to become one of the classics in the field.
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Cabrera, Lydia, and Victor Manfredi. The Sacred Language of the Abakuá. Edited by Ivor L. Miller and P. González Gómes-Cásseres. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496829443.001.0001.
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In 1988, Lydia Cabrera (1899–1991) published La lengua sagrada de los Ñáñigos, an Abakuá phrasebook that is to this day the largest work available on any African diaspora community in the Americas. In the early 1800s in Cuba, enslaved Africans from the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon created Abakuá societies for protection and mutual aid. Abakuá rites reenact mythic legends of the institution’s history in Africa, using dance, chants, drumming, symbolic writing, herbs, domestic animals, and masked performers to represent African ancestors. Criminalized and scorned in the colonial era, Abakuá members were at the same time contributing to the creation of a unique Cuban culture, including rumba music, now considered a national treasure Translated for the first time into English, Cabrera’s lexicon documents phrases vital to the creation of a specific African-derived identity in Cuba and presents the first ‘insiders’ view of this African heritage. This text presents thoroughly researched commentaries that link hundreds of entries to the context of mythic rites, skilled ritual performance, and the influence of Abakuá in Cuban society and popular music. Generously illustrated with photographs and drawings, this volume includes a new introduction to Cabrera’s writing as well as appendices that situate this important work in Cuba’s history.
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Haegel, Florence. Parties and Party Systems. Edited by Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman, and Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.17.
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International work on political parties and party systems is presented first in this chapter, and then the French scholarship which is largely ignored by international party scholars. The analysis argues the gap between the English-language and French literature is actually widening because of the French penchant for the sociocultural approach. It identifies the need for both French and international communities to better connect in order to avoid isolation and fossilization on both sides. While the micro and qualitative French work challenges some of the tenets of international models, like the catch-all model, and presents important empirical knowledge about French political parties at the local level, French scholars should take a broader perspective on political parties by embracing alternative approaches and examining new objects of study outside the purview of the sociocultural paradigm to address the persistent and widening gap between French and international work on party systems and parties.
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Shindo, Reiko. Belonging in Translation. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529201871.001.0001.
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This is the first book to investigate how migrants and migrant rights activists work together to generate new forms of citizenship identities through the use of language. It begins with an overview of the important connection between language and the materiality of migration and discusses how the research on language in the context of migrant activism can advance one's understanding of belonging, of what it means to be a legitimate member of a community. The book then looks at the acts of citizenship in more detail, showing that not only the visible but also the audible presence of noncitizens is constitutive of struggles for citizenship. In conclusion, it reflects on the insights obtained from the study on multilingual migrant activism. The book is an original take on citizenship and community from the perspective of translation, and an alluring amalgamation of theory and detailed empirical analysis based on ethnographic case studies of Japan.
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Muzyczuk, Daniel. Discontinuities and Resynchronisations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469894.003.0007.
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This chapter explores three distinct attempts in Polish film history to use the medium for research into synaesthesia. The first can be found in the films of Franciszka and Stefan Themerson made before the Second World War and after their emigration to Great Britain. Their experimental attitude is exposed through analysis of their work from 1944 entitled The Eye and the Ear. Second, the Experimental Studio of Polish Radio, established in the wake of Stalinism, became an important space where new approaches into investigating of the sound and vision relationship could develop. Primarily oriented towards electroacoustic composition, the studio was also used for producing scores for popular cinema. The third site for exploration was the Workshop of Film Form, a group of artists-filmmakers based in Łódź whose work exposed the primary elements of film language. Their research resulted in some of the best-developed experiments in synaesthesia.
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Boncardo, Robert. Mallarme and the Politics of Literature. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429528.001.0001.
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Mallarmé and the Politics of Literature: Sartre, Kristeva, Badiou, Rancière recounts the radical readings of Mallarmé’s seminal poems by some of France’s most important 20th century thinkers. The book attempts to answer the question of why Mallarmé — one of modernity’s most ingenious yet obscure poets — was so important to French philosophers. With in-depth studies of Jean-Paul Sartre, Julia Kristeva, Alain Badiou and Jacques Rancière, along with shorter analyses of Jean-Claude Milner and Quentin Meillassoux, Mallarmé and the Politics of Literature situates Mallarmé with these thinkers’ philosophical and political projects. As the first work of English-language scholarship on each of these thinker’s readings of Mallarmé, Mallarmé and the Politics of Literature is also the first to bring these thinkers into dialogue, locating the points of contact and difference between their readings of the great Symbolist poet. Mallarmé and the Politics of Literature also includes a sustained reflection on the various ways literature has been conceived of politically by 20th century French thinkers, and argues that these modalities of reading literature politically have today reached a point of exhaustion. Mallarmé and the Politics of Literature thus culminates in a plea for renewed formulations of the link between politics and literature.
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Borgoni, Cristina, Dirk Kindermann, and Andrea Onofri, eds. The Fragmented Mind. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850670.001.0001.
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Mental fragmentation is the thesis that the mind is fragmented, or compartmentalized. Roughly, this means that an agent’s overall belief state is divided into several sub-states—fragments. These fragments need not make for a consistent and deductively closed belief system. The thesis of mental fragmentation became popular through the work of philosophers like Christopher Cherniak, David Lewis, and Robert Stalnaker in the 1980s. Recently, it has attracted great attention again. This volume is the first collection of essays devoted to the topic of mental fragmentation. It features important new contributions by leading experts in the philosophy of mind, epistemology, and philosophy of language. Opening with an accessible Introduction providing a systematic overview of the current debate, the fourteen essays cover a wide range of issues: foundational issues and motivations for fragmentation, the rationality or irrationality of fragmentation, fragmentation’s role in language, the relationship between fragmentation and mental files, and the implications of fragmentation for the analysis of implicit attitudes.
Book chapters on the topic "First important work in Awadhi language"
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Lonsdale, Deryle, C. Ray Graham, and Rebecca Madsen. "Learner-Centered Language Programs." In User-Centered Computer Aided Language Learning, 116–32. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-750-8.ch006.
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In this chapter we first discuss three factors believed to be important for success insecond-language learning: comprehensible input, comprehensible output and noticingdiscrepancies. We then discuss our current research work in integrating variouscomponents of human language technology to address these three language acquisitionfactors. Our efforts involve creating a wide spectrum of interesting language-learningapplications, including question answering and pronunciation tutoring. Theseapplications show the potential of combining speech processing with other importantnatural-language tools, such as external knowledge sources and dialog move engines.The applications we have developed not only show that this integration can besuccessful in creating non-trivial applications, but that there is much work that canbe done to build on what we have accomplished thus far.
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Alexander, Paul R., and Patricia M. Dooey. "English Language Interventions that Improve International Business Student Group-Work Performance." In Intercultural Responsiveness in the Second Language Learning Classroom, 202–21. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2069-6.ch012.
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English-taught business degrees now represent an important part of the global education market. These attract students from all parts of the world, many whose first language is not English. Universities hosting these courses have developed language support mechanisms and programmes which have proven effective in supporting language needs in the academic context. However, these have not generally included specialised attention to group-work where the demands for communicating in English may be significantly more challenging than in a classroom environment. In this chapter, the authors consider the growth of English language support mechanisms in general, and outline a study that quantifies the impact of English in group work performance. They also detail the design of a short intervention programme focused on group-work that can improve the skills learned by students with English as a second language, and increase their performance significantly. They use this study to suggest mechanisms, and to propose improvements to English support programmes.
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Rennie, Susan. "The First Scottish ‘National’ Dictionary." In The Whole World in a Book, 110–30. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190913199.003.0007.
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Rennie details John Jamieson’s compilation of the Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language from Jamieson’s initial interest in antiquarian research through the publication and mass popularity of the Etymological Dictionary, which became both a repository of cultural history and a national icon. Intrigued by similarities between Scots and Nordic languages, Jamieson examined existing foreign language dictionaries, early Scots texts, and spoken Scots to trace the origins and earliest occurrences of headwords and to codify the Scots language using the methods of historical lexicography. Sir Walter Scott described Jamieson’s dictionary compilation as ‘an important national task’, at a time when the status of Scots as a dialect of English or a distinct language was much debated, and the dictionary continued to be a work of cultural and national significance throughout the nineteenth century.
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Sanders, Nathan. "A primer on constructed languages." In Language Invention in Linguistics Pedagogy, 6–26. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829874.003.0002.
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This chapter outlines the history of language construction, beginning with the earliest recorded examples of linguistic creativity and continuing with the first true constructed languages from the Middle Ages up through the Renaissance and Enlightenment, when language construction was guided largely by religious and philosophical concerns. The chapter continues by exploring more recent history, when language construction was guided more by practical goals to unite humanity. At the same time, language construction as an art form was also being developed, most notably by J. R. R. Tolkien, who set the stage for the modern era of artistic language construction requiring specialized knowledge, talent, and hard work. The chapter also discusses the emerging role of language construction as a tool for language revitalization and concludes with a summary of terms and concepts that are important to the study of constructed languages.
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Hine, H. M. "Poetic Influence on Prose: The Case of the Younger Seneca." In Aspects of the Language of Latin Prose. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263327.003.0010.
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Seneca used poetic vocabulary in his prose. Such statements seem ultimately to be based on the work of Summers and Bourgery. The work of Summers is the best short introduction to Seneca’s prose style. Bourgery spread his net rather more widely than Summers, listing first phrases in Seneca’s prose that are reminiscences of specific passages of earlier Latin poets. Five general observations on the methodology used by Summers and Bourgery are shown. The chapter also takes account of these observations as it first revisits the approach of Summers and Bourgery, and then shows how different approaches can be used to look for poetic elements in Seneca’s prose. The categories of word, namely (1) words absent from both Cicero’s and Seneca’s prose, (2) words whose absence from Seneca’s prose is probably accidental, (3) words that are common in earlier prose but not found in Seneca’s prose, and (4) words mainly found in poetry, but also in Cicero’s prose, are described. There have been a number of predominantly poetic words that are used by Cicero in his prose, but not by Seneca in his; and it is seen how genre and context are important for understanding Cicero’s uses of these words.
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Shaffer, Shelly. "Examining the Potential for Flipped Literature Units." In Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 1178–202. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7663-1.ch056.
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This chapter discusses a case study of an eleventh-grade American Literature course in the Southwestern United States using flipped teaching approaches with technology for the first time. The study's purpose was to investigate the effects of flipping using technology on how the teacher and students worked, learned, and engaged with English Language Arts (ELA) content. Specifically, the researcher hoped to study the effects of flipped coursework on homework and classwork, the students' and teacher's responses to flipped strategies, and the impact of technology on a two-week unit on The Great Gatsby (Fitzgerald, 1925). The teacher worked with the researcher to choose four activities in the unit to flip, which involved a webquest, Google quiz, blog, and online PowerPoint. The participants in the study included the teacher: Mr. Riggs, a veteran ELA teacher with over 20 years' experience and four eleventh grade students: Simone, a bi-racial female; Omar, an African-American male; Garrett, a Caucasian male; and Audrey, a Latino female. Through open-coding analysis of interviews with each participant during the study, field notes taken throughout the unit, and documents collected from online and paper artifacts, three major categories were established. The major categories included perceptions of changes in classwork and homework, impact of technology, and appeal of flipped classrooms. The findings of this study revealed that the flipped unit had an impact on the amount of homework, the type of homework and classwork, homework completion, time spent in class, and the way technology was used. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation played an important role on whether flipped assignments were completed on time or were engaging for students. A final important finding showed that teacher flexibility was necessary for the flipped unit to be successful. This study provides insight into how flipping could work and look in an ELA classroom.
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Chang, Ku-ming (Kevin). "Field, Ears, and Laboratory: Training Language Scholars, 1920–1940." In History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1, 174–205. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844774.003.0010.
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This chapter continues the time frame of Chapter 8 through the first half of the twentieth century, an important period in which linguistics and phonetics gained their own identities. The editors and contributors of this volume have chosen to examine an area of study over two successive periods: the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. This aims to show that a discipline may go through transformations, sometimes branching into new disciplines, and that methods and instruments of training contribute to the formation or consolidation of new disciplines. The first half of the twentieth century saw the breakaway of language sciences (linguistics and phonetics) from philology. Although language scholars usually received substantial training in philology, especially comparative philology (known as comparative grammar in France), they took up new methods in training the next generation. In the United States, the new instrument of training was fieldwork, adopted for unwritten American Indian languages. In Britain, it was phonetic transcription by ears and hands. The use of the kymograph in phonetic laboratories began in France and spread elsewhere. This chapter begins with Fang-Kuei Li, who was likely the first student to receive advance (or on-site) fieldwork training for doctoral work in language studies and who went on to become a pioneering linguist in China. It then compares the training of language scholars in Britain, France, and Germany. This comparison sheds light on the diversity of approaches to language studies and their training methods, and on the intellectual and technological realities conditioning the formation of linguistics and phonetics as autonomous disciplines.
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Bordet, Geneviève. "Teaching online in translation studies: a teacher-researcher’s feedback from France." In The world universities’ response to COVID-19: remote online language teaching, 235–48. Research-publishing.net, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2021.52.1275.
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This chapter focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on language classes in a Paris university in 2020. The first case studied is a Master of Arts (MA) class in translation studies. The forced and sudden switch to online learning was well accepted by students who cooperated with the academic staff to choose an online platform, in the absence of any available institutional resource. Although online teaching proved efficient in terms of learning output, it implied a lot of extra work to ensure interaction between teacher and students. Besides, important discrepancies appeared between students as regards equipment and connection. The second case is taken from language classes with Bachelor of Arts (BA) students. Communication was compromised by students’ reluctance to activate their webcams, seen as a threat for their privacy. Material problems such as poor connection were thus compounded by the digital divide among them. This situation reveals disparities between students while opening opportunities for change. The priority should be given to an assessment of students’ needs in a context of pandemics, at an international level.
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Krasnoshchekova, Galina Alekseevna. "Theory and practice of language education of technical universities students." In Теория и практика языкового образования студентов технических вузов. Publishing house Sreda, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-21952.
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The monograph "Theory and Practice of Language Education for Students of Technical Universities" summarized many years of experience in a technical university, presents the author's concept of the fundamentalization of language education for students in non-linguistic universities, embedded in the process of teaching students a foreign language to prove its effectiveness. In the first chapter of the monograph, the author describes the new requirements for proficiency for a foreign language specialists, written into the federal state educational standard of the new generation for higher education; problems that arise while teaching students foreign languages in technical universities, and ways to solve these problems. The methodological basis for the concept of the fundamentalization of language education of technical university students and the creation of conditions necessary for the implementation of this concept are described in details. The second chapter describes the modern system of teaching foreign languages of technical university students, the multi-level structure and content of language education at each stage of this structure, as well as the methods of teaching all types of students' speech activity using innovative communication and information technologies. The author of the monograph describes the important role of the teacher in the process of teaching students a foreign language, creating modern educational content that provides the learning process. The monograph contains scientific and methodological recommendations on the development and use of original pedagogical technologies, new forms of working with students using computer capabilities, creating computer training programs for self-study work of students, writing professionally oriented textbooks in foreign languages. The implementation of this system of training of technical university students proved its effectiveness, as evidenced by the results of experimental training conducted at the Department of Foreign Languages at the Southern Federal University. The quality of student learning improved due to the implementation of the concept of the fundamentalization of language education and modern educational technologies into the educational process.
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Méndez, Xhercis, and Yomaira C. Figueroa. "Not Your Papa’s Wynter: Women of Color Contributions toward Decolonial Futures." In Beyond the Doctrine of Man, 60–88. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823286898.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on two important contentions in the work of/on Wynter: First, there is a productive engagement with her understandings of feminism, gender, and patriarchy as they pertain to the overrepresentation of Man and in its relation to women of color and decolonial feminisms. Second, the authors examine her articulation of the studia humanitatis as a critical site for transformation and liberatory imagination. The chapter explores how Wynter’s critique of mainstream liberal feminism has provided a language for dismissing the work and political concerns articulated by women of color, while highlighting the deep resonances between Wynter’s project and the contributions made by women of color and decolonial feminists. In addition to a long history of taking back the “Word,” women of color have consistently sought to create new value systems and build relations anew beyond those established through colonization and slavery and beyond those that serve to bolster “Man.”
Conference papers on the topic "First important work in Awadhi language"
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"Transforming a First-year Accounting Course Using a Blended Learning Pathway." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4305.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/Purpose: Blended learning can transform students experience and learning in higher education. Although the literature extensively explores benefits of blended learning, limited research exists to provide a detailed design principle for implementing instructional activities in blended courses and its usage as tool to influence learning outcomes for second language first year accounting learners. Background: The objective of this study is to find out how the learning experience of students was impacted and by designing and implementing blended learning and connectivity between online and face-to-face learning. This paper reviews the challenges and benefits of blended learning and highlights teachers’ and students’ perceptions on the impact of the connectivity of online and face-to-face activities on students’ learning. Methodology: Data was collected from students enrolled in the course using an open-ended questionnaire. There were 220 respondents, representing a response rate of 65%. Data was extracted from the online learning data and grade center. Teachers’ experiences and observations were also noted. The survey results were analyzed using content analysis. Contribution: Research focusing on blended learning design and implementation is limited, and there is no one size fits all when it comes to blended learning. Consequently, this paper contributes to the discussion by highlighting how second language, first-year accounting students benefit from blended learning and the connectivity between online and face-to-face activities. Increased flexibility for learners appears to be one of the most cited rationale for the combination of traditional with online instructional methods, however, this study evaluates blended learning as a tool for transforming the learning experience of second language, first year accounting students. Findings: Findings show that students benefit from blended learning, and connectivity between online and in-class activities allows students to exploit the advantages of both online and face-to-face learning. Students can see the relevance of what they are doing online and how that contributes to their in-class activities and, hence, are motivated to complete the activities. Recommendations for Practitioners: Educators should use a well-designed blended learning pathway to empower students to be in charge of their learning. Placing materials online creates more and better opportunities for engaging students in class. Institutional support is important when implementing blended learning. Recommendations for Researchers: There is a need for more studies on blended learning design and implementation. Future researchers may carry out more studies on how blended learning design affects student engagement and learning for second language learners in other courses. Impact on Society: A blended learning pathway would greatly benefit second language learners to learn better and empower them to be more independent as a self-directed learner who is able to utilize their time wisely. Community of practice is an excellent platform to encourage teaching teams to work together and create innovative teaching and assessment materials. Future Research: Future studies may carry out the study using other methods for example quantitative surveys and interviews to get a deeper understanding of both students and teachers’ perceptions and experiences.
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Decroos, Tom, Lotte Bransen, Jan Van Haaren, and Jesse Davis. "VAEP: An Objective Approach to Valuing On-the-Ball Actions in Soccer (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/648.
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Despite the fact that objectively assessing the impact of the individual actions performed by soccer players during games is a crucial task, most traditional metrics have substantial shortcomings. First, many metrics only consider rare actions like shots and goals which account for less than 2% of all on-the-ball actions. Second, they fail to account for the context in which the actions occurred. This work summarizes several important contributions. First, we describe a language for representing individual player actions on the pitch. This language unifies several existing formats which greatly simplifies automated analysis and this language is becoming widely used in the soccer analytics community. Second, we describe our framework for valuing any type of player action based on its impact on the game outcome while accounting for the context in which the action happened. This framework enables giving a broad overview of a player's performance, including quantifying a player's total offensive and defensive contributions to their team. Third, we provide illustrative use cases that highlight the working and benefits of our framework.
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Belloch, Jose Antonio, Adrián Castelló, and Sergio Iserte. "Accessible C-programming course from scratch using a MOOC platform without limitations." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8176.
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The C language has been used for ages in the application development in multidisciplinary environments. However, in the academia, this language is being replaced by other higher-level languages due to they are easier to understand, learn and apply. Moreover, the necessity of professionals with a good knowledge in those high-level languages is constantly increasing because of the boosting of mobile devices. This scenario generates a lack of low-level language programmers, required in other less trendy fields, but equal or more important, such as science, engineering or research. In order to revive the interest in low-level languages and provide those minority fields with well-prepared staff, we present in this work a MOCC C-programming course that is addressed to any kind of people with or without IT background. A feature that differentiates this course from others programming online-based courses is that we mainly focus on the C language syntax providing, via a self-tuned virtual machine, an encapsulated environment that hides any interaction with the command-line of the underlying operating system. A secondary target of this work is to foster the computer science degree students to enrol the computer architecture specialization at the Universitat Jaume I (Spain). For this purpose, the High Performance Computing and Architectures research group of that University has decided to use this C course as a tool for fulfill the gap of the current syllabus. The results show that half of the participants that completed the first session of the course have satisfactorily finished the course, and the number of computer science degree students that chose the computer architecture specialization the following academic course was increment by 3x.
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Arefyev, N. V., M. V. Fedoseev, A. V. Kabanov, and V. S. Zizov. "WORD2VEC NOT DEAD: PREDICTING HYPERNYMS OF CO-HYPONYMS IS BETTER THAN READING DEFINITIONS." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-13-32.
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Expert-built lexical resources are known to provide information of good quality for the cost of low coverage. This property limits their applicability in modern NLP applications. Building descriptions of lexical-semantic relations manually in sufficient volume requires a huge amount of qualified human labour. However, given some initial version of a taxonomy is already built, automatic or semi-automatic taxonomy enrichment systems can greatly reduce the required efforts. We propose and experiment with two approaches to taxonomy enrichment, one utilizing information from word definitions and another from word usages, and also a combination of them. The first method retrieves co-hyponyms for the target word from distributional semantic models (word2vec) or language models (XLM-R), then looks for hypernyms of co-hyponyms in the taxonomy. The second method tries to extract hypernyms directly from Wiktionary definitions. The proposed methods were evaluated on the Dialogue-2020 shared task on taxonomy enrichment. We found that predicting hypernyms of cohyponyms achieves better results in this task. The combination of both methods improves results further and is among 3 best-performing systems for verbs. An important part of the work is detailed qualitative and error analysis of the proposed methods, which provide interesting observations of their behaviour and ideas for the future work.
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Moreno, Carlos Luis. "Flow Analysis on Piping Networks Using the Finite Element Method." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63553.
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The objective of this work is to apply the Finite Element Methodology (F.E.M.) to several piping systems, using an incompressible working fluid, in order to calculate the volumetric flow on each element and the piezometric load on each node of the network. To accomplish this goal a computational code was designed using Fortran Computational Language. Such a code consists of a main program and six subroutines. The input variables are general data of the network including the number of pipes, the number of nodes, the piezometric load values on nodes where they are constant (tanks for example), demanding flows in those nodes where the fluid is removed from the system, a connectivity table indicating the assumed flow direction in each pipe, and the number of pumps with respective parabolic curve coefficients. Program data also included both the maximum number of iterations and tolerance allowed. Fluid properties such as kinematic viscosity, density and pipe features such as length, diameter and absolute rugosity are also required. The output data include pipe volumetric flows and piezometric load on variable static pressure nodes. In this work, three different network systems were analyzed: 51-, 63- and 65-element networks. All were examples taken from the bibliography. The Finite Element Methodology results were first validated with real data, and then compared with the other results coming from the Hardy-Cross, Newton-Raphson and Linear Methods. The comparison was based on convergence speed and numerical stability. It is concluded that the methodology called Finite Element Methodology requires a smaller number of iterations than the Hardy-Cross, Linear and Newton-Raphson Methods. Another advantage of the Finite Element Methodology is that there is no need to assign the flow initial values that satisfy the Continuity Equation on each node of the piping network before running the program. Also, no loops establishing is needed. In addition, the designed code permits calculations for networks that present both booster and feed pumps. The importance of this work rests on the fact that nowadays it is necessary for piping network flow analysis to use computational simulation in order to design systems more efficiently and economically. Furthermore, this work is important for network construction as well as the satisfaction of consumer demand on a local community level, taking into account prevailing normative requirements. This paper, consequently, aims to contribute to progress in these areas.
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Panta Pazos, Rube´n. "Hybrid Methods Approach for Solving Problems in Transport Theory." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48400.
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In this work the hybrid methods approach is introduced in order to solve some problems in Transport Theory for different geometries. The transport equation is written as: ∂ψ∂t(x,v,t)+v·∇ψ(x,v,t)+h(x,μ)ψ(x,v,t)==∫Vk(x,v,v′)ψ(x,v′,t)dv′+q(x,v,t),inΩTψ(x,v,0)=φ0(x,v),in∂Ω×Vψ(x,v,t)=φ(x,v,t),in∂Ω×V×R(1) where x represents the spatial variable in a domain D, v an element of a compact set V, ψ is the angular flux, h(x, v) the collision frequency, k(x, v, v’) the scattering kernel function and q(x, v) the source function. If ψ does not depend on the time, it is said that the problem (1) is a steady transport problem. Once the problem is defined, including the boundary conditions, it is disposed a set of chained methods in order to solve the problem. Between the different alternatives, an optimal scheme for the resolution is chosen. Two illustrations are given. For two-dimensional geometries it is employed a hybrid analytical and numerical method, for transport problems: conformal mapping first, then the solution in a proper geometry (rectangular for example). Each of the following two techniques is then applied, Krylov subspaces method or spectral-LTSN method. For three-dimensional problems also it is used a hybrid analytical and numerical method, for problems with more complex geometries: a homotopy between the original boundaries (piecewise surfaces) and another (a parallelepiped for example). Then each of two techniques are applied, Krylov subspaces method or nodal-LTSN method. In this case, the design of new geometries for reactors is a straightforward task. En each case, the domain consist of three regions, one of the source, other is the void region and the third one is a shield domain. The results are obtained both with an algebraic computer system and with a language of high level. An important extension is the study and treatment of transport problems for domains with irregular geometries, between them Lipschitzian domains. One remarkable fact of this work is the combination of different modeling and resolution techniques to solve some transport problems.
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Vucinic, Dean, Marina Pesut, Franjo Jovic, and Chris Lacor. "Exploring Ontology-Based Approach to Facilitate Integration of Multi-Physics and Visualization for Numerical Models." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86477.
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Today, within the engineering design process, we have interactions between different design teams, where each team has its own design objective and continuous need to present and share results with other groups. Common engineering environments are equipped with advanced modeling and simulation tools, specially designed to improve engineer’s productivity. In this paper we propose the use of ontologies, the semantic metadata descriptors, to facilitate the software development process in building such multidisciplinary engineering environments. The important development task is to perform integration of several numerical simulation components (models of data and processes) together with the interactive visualization of the engineering models in a unified 3D scene. In addition, we explore the possibilities on how the prototyped ontologies can become standard components in such software systems, where the presence of the inference engine grants and enables continuous semantic integration of the involved data and processes. The semantic integration is based on: 1) mapping discovery between two or more ontologies, 2) declarative formal representation of mappings to enable 3) reasoning with mappings and find what types of reasoning are involved; and we have explored these three dimensions. The proposed solution involves two web based software standards: Semantic Web and X3D. The developed prototype make use of the “latest” available XML-based software technologies, such X3D (eXtensible 3D) and OWL (Web Ontology Language), and demonstrates the modeling approach to integrate heterogeneous data sources, their interoperability and 3D visual representations to enhance the end-users interactions with the engineering content. We demonstrate that our ontology-based approach is appropriate for the reuse, share and exchange of software constructs, which implements differential-geometric algorithms used in multidisciplinary numerical simulations, by applying adopted ontologies that are used in the knowledge-based systems. The selected engineering test case represents a complex multi-physics problem FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction). It involves numerical simulations of a multi-component box structure used for the drop test in a still water. The numerical simulations of the drop test are performed through combined used of the FEM (Finite Element Method) and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) solvers. The important aspect is the design of a common graphics X3D model, which combines the FEM data model, which is coupled with the CFD data model in order to preserve all the relationships between CFD and FEM data. Our ultimate vision is to build intelligent and powerful mechanical engineering software by developing infrastructure that may enable efficient data sharing and process integration mechanisms. We see our current work in exploring the ontology-based approach as a first step towards semantic interoperability of numerical simulations and visualization components for designing complex multi-physics solutions.
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Lei, Dongxue, and Andong Lu. "A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5895.
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A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses Dongxue Lei¹, Andong Lu² School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing UniversityHankou Road 22#, Gulou District, Nanjing, ChinaE-mail: dxlei@outlook.com, andonglu@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): wetland island settlement, morphology, townscape, cognitive map Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology The Lixiahe region, a low-lying wetland located to the eastern side of the Huaiyang section of the Grand Canal, is characterized by a complex hydrological environment and has changed slowly in the urbanization process. The historical town of Shagou, a representative case of island settlements in this region, has a recorded history of continuous morphological change over six hundred years. Regarding Shagou as a cultural-geographical entity, this article aims at combining morphological analysis and narrative-based cognitive mapping to revel the characteristic townscape that strongly depends on cultural-geographic complexity. Based on survey work, this article will first define distinguishable plan elements that underpins the spatial form of Shagou: 1) natural context; 2) streets system; 3) plots system, and then investigate diachronically different phases of the formation of its spatial structure. On the other hand, based on archiving and data analysis of the oral history study, this article will generate a narrative cognitive map, in terms of paths, nodes, landmarks and areas. In conjunction with fieldwork and documentary record, this study testifies that the method derived from the plan analysis developed by Conzon is applicable to the study of wetland island settlement form in China and that narrative spatial analysis provides important supplemental spatial information. A careful combination of these methods might be used for understanding culturally embedded settlement forms in China. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis (London, George Philip). Herman, D. (ed.) (2003) Narrative theory and the cognitive sciences (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication). Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Extending the compass of plan analysis: a Chinese exploration’, Urban Morphology, 11(2), 91-109. Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach’, The Town Planning Review, 78(5), 643-670.
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Boros, Stephen J. "Long-Term Strength and Design of Polyethylene Compounds for Pressure Pipe Applications." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-76052.
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The interest in using polyethylene pipe in Class 3 safety water systems in nuclear power plants has grown tremendously in the last few years. PE pipe brings a host of benefits to the application in the form of long-term performance and reliability due to not being prone to corrosion and tuberculation. As the work continues through various ASME committees to develop the appropriate code language for the design and use of PE pipe, it is clear that plastics are not evaluated the same way metallic components would be in similar applications. However, the nature of the failure (i.e. ductile or brittle) is important for both. This paper will give an overview of the methodology used to establish the long-term hydrostatic strength of polyethylene compounds, and how that strength is used for engineering design in a safe a reliable manner. The strength of a polyethylene compound, being a thermoplastic, cannot be determined from a short-term tensile strength test, as with most metals. As such, testing and evaluation methodologies have been developed which take into account the viscoelastic creep response of thermoplastics, as well as potential changes in failure mode, in order to forecast the long-term hydrostatic strength of these materials so they can be safely used in a pressure pipe application. Since PE was first used in a piping application in the late 1950s, PE has continued to evolve as have the methodologies used to evaluate its strength against stresses induced by hydrostatic pressure. The common method for evaluation relies on putting specimens under multiple continuous, steady-state stress levels until failure. These data points are then used in a log-log linear regression evaluation. This regression equation is then extrapolated to a point sufficiently further out in time to where a long-term strength can be established. It has been clearly established that over a temperature range that the stress rupture behavior of PE follows an Arrhenius, or rate process, relationship between temperature and strength. By testing at elevated temperatures it can be “validated” that the extrapolation remains linear and ductile beyond the actual test data. This and other criteria established by ASTM D 2837 and the Plastics Pipe Institute’s Hydrostatic Stress Board allow for establishing an appropriate maximum working stress that will assure a very long design life.