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Journal articles on the topic 'First Millennium AD'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Kinahan, John. "The Acquisition of Ceramics by Hunter-Gatherers on the Middle Zambezi in the First and Second Millennium AD." Journal of African Archaeology 11, no. 2 (2013): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10243.

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An archaeological survey of the Linyanti and Liambezi marshlands in north-eastern Namibia revealed a number of hunting and fishing sites with first millennium AD farming community ceramics as well as evidence suggesting the adoption of ceramic technology by hunter-gatherers in this area during the second millennium AD. These finds have implications for the archaeology of recent southern African hunter-gatherers: they suggest both practical criteria for the recognition of ceramics obtained by trade during the spread of food production through southern Africa in the last two millennia, and point

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2

Thomas, Elizabeth K., Jason P. Briner, Yarrow Axford, Donna R. Francis, Gifford H. Miller, and Ian R. Walker. "A 2000-yr-long multi-proxy lacustrine record from eastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada reveals first millennium AD cold period." Quaternary Research 75, no. 3 (2011): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.03.003.

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AbstractWe generate a multi-proxy sub-centennial-scale reconstruction of environmental change during the past two millennia from Itilliq Lake, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. Our reconstruction arises from a finely subsectioned 210Pb- and 14C-dated surface sediment core and includes measures of organic matter (e.g., chlorophyll a; carbon–nitrogen ratio) and insect (Diptera: Chironomidae) assemblages. Within the past millennium, the least productive, and by inference coldest, conditions occurred ca. AD 1700–1850, late in the Little Ice Age. The 2000-yr sediment record also reveals an episode of r

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3

Dubitskaya, N. N. "Semi-dugout buildings near the village of Yurkovichi in Lower Sozh region of second quarter of the first millennium AD." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 69, no. 4 (2024): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2024-69-4-284-290.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of house-building in the second quarter of the first millennium AD in the Lower Sozh region. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the tradition of constructing semi-dugout buildings with a central support pillar, further development and regional peculiarities of house-building in the third quarter of the first millennium AD.

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Pearson, Charlotte L., Carol B. Griggs, Peter I. Kuniholm, Peter W. Brewer, Tomasz Ważny, and LeAnn Canady. "Dendroarchaeology of the mid-first millennium AD in Constantinople." Journal of Archaeological Science 39, no. 11 (2012): 3402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.05.024.

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Rubini, Mauro, Valentina Dell'Anno, Roberta Giuliani, Pasquale Favia, and Paola Zaio. "The First Probable Case of Leprosy in Southeast Italy (13th-14th Centuries AD, Montecorvino, Puglia)." Journal of Anthropology 2012 (August 5, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/262790.

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In 2008, during an archaeological excavation on the medieval site of Montecorvino (Foggia, Puglia, Italy), ten individuals were found buried near the principal church. The tombs were dated to the 13th-14th centuries AD, except for one attributable to the 11th century AD. The individual from tomb MCV2 shows some bone changes in the rhinomaxillary area. The most probable diagnosis is that she suffered from a type of near-multibacillary leprosy. Although leprosy has been documented in Italy from the first millennium BC and well described in the first millennium AD, its presence seems to be confin

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6

Sandweiss, Daniel H., and Kirk A. Maasch. "Climatic and Cultural Transitions in Lambayeque, Peru, 600 to 1540 AD: Medieval Warm Period to the Spanish Conquest." Geosciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12060238.

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The Lambayeque Valley on the north coast of Peru offers a cautionary case study on the relation between climatic and cultural change. Three archaeological site complexes dating from late in the first millennium AD to the middle of the second millennium AD rose and were abandoned in sequence. Each abandonment was associated with a conflagration on the main pyramidal mound(s). In this region, El Niño is the most significant climatic disruption now and for millennia past. By tracking proxy records for El Niño intensity, we found that only the first episode of abandonment and burning was associate

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7

Longo, Agustina. "Consumo y manejo de plantas durante el primer y segundo milenio d.C. en tres sitios arqueológicos del valle de Santa María (Catamarca-Tucumán, Argentina)." Darwiniana, nueva serie 9, no. 1 (2021): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2021.91.939.

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This paper analyses the practices related to the consumption and management of plants in the central-western sector of the Santa María valley (Catamarca-Tucumán) during the first and second millennium AD. For this purpose, we worked with macroremains recovered in the occupation floors and with microremains present in ceramic vessels from the archaeological sites Morro del Fraile, El Carmen 1, and El Carmen 2. A total of 546 carpological macroremains corresponding to seven families, Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae, and 10 microremains from th

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8

Sadr, Karim. "An ageless view of first millennium AD southern African ceramics." Journal of African Archaeology 6, no. 1 (2008): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/1612-1651-10105.

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9

Cross, Pamela J. "Horse Burial in First Millennium AD Britain: Issues of Interpretation." European Journal of Archaeology 14, no. 1-2 (2011): 190–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146195711798369409.

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Burial of horses and horse-elements occurred throughout Europe during the first millennium AD. These burials are prevalent in northwest Europe and are perhaps more significant in Britain than previously realised. This article explores the position and value of the horse within Britain during this period and why the burials are likely to represent ritual deposition. Both horse and human-horse burials, are linked to non-Christian burial and sacrificial practices of the Iron Age and Early Medieval period and are particularly associated with Anglo- Saxon and Viking Britain. Some of the traditions

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10

Gleeson, Patrick. "Reframing the first millennium AD in Ireland: archaeology, history, landscape." Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature 122, no. 1 (2022): 87–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ria.2022.0013.

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11

Lorentzen, Brita, Sturt W. Manning, and Yaacov Kahanov. "The 1st Millennium AD Mediterranean Shipbuilding Transition at Dor/Tantura Lagoon, Israel: Dating the Dor 2001/1 Shipwreck." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.17445.

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During the 1st millennium AD, a fundamental set of changes in ship design, building methods, and sequence of construction took place in the Mediterranean. This process is known as the “Transition in Construction.” Before the Transition, ship hull design was based longitudinally on the ship's strakes (“shell-first”). By about the mid-1st millennium AD, the concept and construction of ship hulls had changed and were based on the ship's frames (“frame-based”). The Transition was a complex, nonlinear evolution. High-precision dating of the construction and service period of ships built during the

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Lorentzen, Brita, Sturt W. Manning, and Yaacov Kahanov. "The 1st Millennium AD Mediterranean Shipbuilding Transition at Dor/Tantura Lagoon, Israel: Dating the Dor 2001/1 Shipwreck." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049705.

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During the 1st millennium AD, a fundamental set of changes in ship design, building methods, and sequence of construction took place in the Mediterranean. This process is known as the “Transition in Construction.” Before the Transition, ship hull design was based longitudinally on the ship's strakes (“shell-first”). By about the mid-1st millennium AD, the concept and construction of ship hulls had changed and were based on the ship's frames (“frame-based”). The Transition was a complex, nonlinear evolution. High-precision dating of the construction and service period of ships built during the

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13

Olatoyan, Jerry, Frank H. Neumann, Emuobosa Orijemie, et al. "Archaeobotanical evidence for the emergence of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa." Acta Palaeobotanica 62, no. 1 (2022): 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35535/acpa-2022-0005.

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Several models which remain equivocal and controversial cite migration and/or diffusion for the emergence and spread of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa during the first millennium AD. A synthesis of archaeobotanical proxies (e.g., palynology, phytoliths, anthracology) consistent with existing archaeobotanical and archaeological data leads to new insights into anthropogenic impacts in palaeorecords. Harnessing such archaeobotanical evidence is viable for tracing the spread of pastoralism and farming in the first millennium AD because the impact of anthropogenic practices is likely to

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Valeria, Franco Salvi, Laura López María, and María Molar Rocío. "Microrrestos vegetales en campos de cultivo del primer milenio de la Era en el valle de Tafí (prov. de Tucumán, República Argentina)." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 21 (January 24, 2014): 5–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1311765.

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El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal contribuir a la discusión acerca de la producción de alimentos durante el primer milenio de la Era en el valle de Tafí a través de la identificación de microrrestos presentes en sedimentos asociados a campos de cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos se integran con las características arquitectónicas y de emplazamiento de las estructuras agrícolas. La combinación de múltiples líneas de evidencia permitió reconocer la funcionalidad de las instalaciones y los r

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15

Korobov, Dmitry S., and Alexander V. Borisov. "The origins of terraced field agriculture in the Caucasus: new discoveries in the Kislovodsk basin." Antiquity 87, no. 338 (2013): 1086–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00049887.

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Terraced field systems are a feature of many regions of the world and have been dated as early as 6000 cal BC in the Levant (Kuijt et al. in Antiquity 81 (2007: 106–18)). The discovery of agricultural terraces in the northern Caucasus, reported here, extends their distribution into a new area. Relatively low population levels in the late medieval and early modern periods have preserved several blocks of terraced fields, some of them created at the beginning of the first millennium BC, others in the mid first millennium AD. The earlier terraced fields, associated with material and settlements o

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Gleeson, Patrick, and Rowan McLaughlin. "Ways of death: cremation and belief in first-millennium AD Ireland." Antiquity 95, no. 380 (2021): 382–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.251.

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17

Dumayne-Peaty, Lisa. "Book Review: The environment of Britain in the first millennium AD." Holocene 10, no. 6 (2000): 778–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968360001000615.

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18

Tomber, Roberta. "Rome and Mesopotamia – importers into India in the first millennium AD." Antiquity 81, no. 314 (2007): 972–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00096058.

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Ever since Wheeler's triumphant discovery of Roman pottery at Arikamedu in the 1940s, it has been appreciated that the east coast of India was in reach of the Roman Empire. Tracking down the finds of Roman pottery on the Indian sub-continent reported since then, the author discovered that many of the supposed Roman amphorae were actually ‘torpedo jars’ from Mesopotamia. Here the areas of influence of these two great imports, probably of wine, are mapped for the first time.

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19

Mattingly, D. J., and M. Sterry. "The first towns in the central Sahara." Antiquity 87, no. 336 (2013): 503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00049097.

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At first sight Saharan oases appear unlikely locations for the development of early urban communities. Recent survey work has, however, discovered evidence for complex settlements of the late first millennium BC and early first millennium AD, surrounded and supported by intensive agricultural zones. These settlements, despite their relatively modest size, satisfy the criteria to be considered as towns. The argument presented here not only presents the evidence for their urban status but also argues that it was not agriculture but trade that conjured them into existence. Without the development

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20

van Lanen, Rowin J., Maurice T. M. de Kleijn, Marjolein T. I. J. Gouw-Bouman, and Harm Jan Pierik. "Exploring Roman and early-medieval habitation of the Rhine–Meuse delta: modelling large-scale demographic changes and corresponding land-use impact." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 97, no. 1-2 (2018): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2018.3.

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AbstractIn this study we apply an evidence-based approach to model population-size fluctuations and their corresponding impact on land use during the Roman and early-medieval periods in the Rhine–Meuse delta in the present-day Netherlands. Past-population numbers are reconstructed based on Roman and early-medieval settlement patterns. Corresponding impacts of these demographic fluctuations on potential land use are calculated by integrating the newly developed demographic overviews with archaeological and geoscientific data using a new land-use model termed ‘Past Land-Use Scanner’ (PLUS). The

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21

Lau, George F. "Core–periphery relations in the Recuay hinterlands: economic interaction at Chinchawas, Peru." Antiquity 79, no. 303 (2005): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00113717.

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22

Servonnat, J., P. Yiou, M. Khodri, D. Swingedouw, and S. Denvil. "Influence of solar variability, CO<sub>2</sub> and orbital forcing between 1000 and 1850 AD in the IPSLCM4 model." Climate of the Past 6, no. 4 (2010): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-445-2010.

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Abstract. Studying the climate of the last millennium gives the possibility to deal with a relatively well-documented climate essentially driven by natural forcings. We have performed two simulations with the IPSLCM4 climate model to evaluate the impact of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI), CO2 and orbital forcing on secular temperature variability during the preindustrial part of the last millennium. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature of the simulation reproduces the amplitude of the NH temperature reconstructions over the last millennium. Using a linear statistical decomposition we evaluate

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23

Armit, Ian, Ewan Campbell, Andrew Dunwell, et al. "Excavation of an Iron Age, Early Historic and medieval settlement and metalworking site at Eilean Olabhat, North Uist." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 138 (November 30, 2009): 27–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.138.27.104.

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The promontory site of Eilean Olabhat, North Uist was excavated between 1986 and 1990 as part ofthe Loch Olabhat Research Project. It was shown to be a complex enclosed settlement and industrialsite with several distinct episodes of occupation. The earliest remains comprise a small Iron Agebuilding dating to the middle centuries of the first millennium BC, which was modified on severaloccasions prior to its abandonment. Much later, the Early Historic remains comprise a smallcellular building, latterly used as a small workshop within which fine bronze and silverwork wasproduced in the fifth to

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Vyazov, Leonid A., Elena V. Ponomarenko, Ekaterina G. Ershova, Yulia A. Salova та Nikolay S. Myasnikov. "Динамика хозяйственного освоения Посурья в I тысячелетии н.э. Часть 1: данные стратиграфического анализа пойменных и балочных отложений". Oriental Studies 14, № 5 (2021): 981–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-57-5-981-1005.

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The article summarizes the results of a comprehensive landscape-archaeological study of the dynamics of human-environmental interaction in the Middle Sura region during the first millennium AD. The data resulted from the study of the River Sura floodplain at the former confluence of the Sura and the Malaya Sarka. The analysis of the sediments and buried soils indicates that the period between the first millennium BC and the first millennium AD saw a series of climatic cycles changing each other, with the floodplain periodically being available for various types of economic development. The Ear

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Brite, Elizabeth Baker, Fiona Jane Kidd, Alison Betts, and Michelle Negus Cleary. "Millet cultivation in Central Asia: A response to Miller et al." Holocene 27, no. 9 (2017): 1415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616687385.

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In a recent special issue of The Holocene, Miller et al. review the evidence for the spread of millet ( Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica) across Eurasia. Among their arguments, they contend that millet cultivation came to Eurasian regions with hot, dry summers when irrigation was introduced, as part of a region-wide shift toward agricultural intensification in the first millennium BC. This hypothesis seems to align with the pattern of agricultural change observed in the Khorezm oasis, a Central Asian polity of the first millennium BC and first millennium AD. While we wholeheartedly accept

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Barclay, David J., Gregory C. Wiles, and Parker E. Calkin. "Tree-ring crossdates for a First Millennium AD advance of Tebenkof Glacier, southern Alaska." Quaternary Research 71, no. 1 (2009): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.09.005.

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AbstractTree-ring crossdates from glacially killed logs show that Tebenkof Glacier advanced into a forefield forest in the AD 710s and 720s. Recession from this First Millennium AD (FMA) advance occurred before the 950s, after which the ice margin readvanced in the 1280s to 1320s at the start of the Little Ice Age (LIA). A more extensive LIA advance was underway from the 1640s to 1670s, and the terminus stayed at or near its LIA maximum until the 1890s. These are the first absolute tree-ring crossdates for a FMA glacier advance in North America and support growing evidence from northwestern No

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Hall, John A., and Klauss Randsborg. "The First Millennium AD in Europe and the Mediterranean: An Archaeological Essay." Man 27, no. 3 (1992): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2803941.

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Skre, Dagfinn. "The Social Context of Settlement in Norway in the First Millennium AD." Norwegian Archaeological Review 34, no. 1 (2001): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293650116757.

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Dijkstra, Jitse H. F. "Book review: Egypt in the First Millennium AD: Perspectives from New Fieldwork." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 104, no. 1 (2018): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307513319826876.

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30

Rundkvist, Martin, Axel Löfving, Rudolf Gustavsson, Jens Heimdahl, and Andreas Viberg. "Gold-foil figures and human skulls in the royal hall at Aska, Hagebyhöga, Östergötland." Antiquity 97, no. 396 (2023): 1534–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.157.

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During the mid-first millennium AD, centres of royal power with large halls emerged across southern Scandinavia. No evidence for such sites, however, was known from Östergötland in south-east Sweden. Here, the authors present results from fieldwork at Aska near Vadstena, identifying the principal manor of a petty royal lineage occupied between c. AD 650 and 1000. Excavations have revealed a 50m-long hall raised on a 3.5m-high platform and the largest known assemblage of small gold-foil figures from the first-millennium kingdom of Östergötland. Aska represents a ‘second-generation ruler’ site,

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31

Naulier, M., M. M. Savard, C. Bégin, et al. "A millennial summer temperature reconstruction for northeastern Canada using oxygen isotopes in subfossil trees." Climate of the Past 11, no. 9 (2015): 1153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1153-2015.

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Abstract. Climatic reconstructions for northeastern Canada are scarce such that this area is under-represented in global temperature reconstructions. To fill this lack of knowledge and identify the most important processes influencing climate variability, this study presents the first summer temperature reconstruction for eastern Canada based on a millennial oxygen isotopic series (δ18O) from tree rings. For this purpose, we selected 230 well-preserved subfossil stems from the bottom of a boreal lake and five living trees on the lakeshore. The sampling method permitted an annually resolved δ18

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Naulier, M., M. M. Savard, C. Bégin, et al. "A millennial summer temperature reconstruction for northeastern Canada using oxygen isotopes in subfossil trees." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 1 (2015): 521–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-521-2015.

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Abstract. Climatic reconstructions for north-eastern Canada are scarce such that this area is under-represented in global temperature reconstructions. To fill this lack of knowledge and identify the most important processes influencing climate variability, this study presents the first summer temperature reconstruction for eastern Canada based on a millennial oxygen isotopic series (δ18O) from tree rings. For this purpose, we selected 230 well-preserved subfossil stems from the bottom of a boreal lake and five living trees on the lakeshore. The sampling method permitted an annually resolved δ1

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Khomiakova, Olga, Ivan Skhodnov, and Sergey Chaukin. "Hillforts of the Central Nadruvians: A Case Study of Settlement Patterns and Social Organization in Former East Prussia in the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD." Archaeologia Lituana 19 (December 20, 2018): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2018.19.5.

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[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] This article is devoted to the Central Nadruvians hillforts, located within the territory of the intercultural area of theWest Balt Circle (the so-called Inster-Pregolian group of sites), and concerns the possible role of hillforts in the context of settlement patterns and social organization in the first half of the 1st millennium AD. Morphological characteristics (sizes, structure) and the dating of Nadruvians hillforts, which can be inhabited in the Roman and Early Migration period, are discussed. Data regarding unfortified s

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Crawford, Gregory A. "Book Review: Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History." Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, no. 4 (2017): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56.4.304a.

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Designed to be comprehensive in its scope, this set covers major religious events from remote prehistory (ca. 60,000 BC) to the highly contemporaneous (AD 2014). Taken together, the editors have done an admirable job in choosing topics to cover and in compiling a highly readable, informative, and thought-provoking compilation. The first volume covers the period of prehistory to AD 600 and includes entries for topics as diverse as the first burials that indicate a belief in an afterlife found in Shanidar Cave, Iraq (ca. 60,000 BC), the discovery of the oldest human-made place of worship at Göbe

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Rautman, Marcus. "The First Millennium AD in Europe and the Mediterranean: An Archaeological Essay.Klaus Randsborg." Speculum 68, no. 4 (1993): 1201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2865577.

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Navarro, Alexandre Guida. "New evidence for late first-millennium AD stilt-house settlements in Eastern Amazonia." Antiquity 92, no. 366 (2018): 1586–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.162.

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Sadykov, Timur. "Bone arrowheads of the first half of the I millennium AD in Tuva." Transactions of the Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Science 18 (2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2310-6557-2018-18-80-88.

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38

Randsborg, K. "The Demise of Antiquity: Europe and the Mediterranean in the First Millennium AD." Annual Review of Anthropology 18, no. 1 (1989): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.18.100189.001303.

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Labuhn, Inga, Martin Finné, Adam Izdebski, Neil Roberts, and Jessie Woodbridge. "Climatic Changes and Their Impacts in the Mediterranean during the First Millennium AD." Late Antique Archaeology 12, no. 1 (2016): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340067.

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Abstract Many events and developments in human history have been suspected to be, at least partly, influenced by climate and environmental changes. In order to investigate climate impacts on societies, reliable palaeoclimatic data of adequate dating precision, resolution, spatial representativeness, and so on, are needed. This paper presents a survey and analysis of published palaeoclimatic data of the Mediterranean for the 1st millennium AD, and identifies regional patterns of hydro-climate variability, useful for comparison with archaeological/historical studies. It also provides general gui

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Terpilovskij, Rostislav, and Yaroslav Volodarets-Urbanovich. "Solar Symbol in the Life of the Ancient Slavs." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 4 (August 2022): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp22493110.

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The authors present finds of artefacts with swastika of the first half of the 1 st millennium AD from the Zarubintsy culture area, Late Zarubintsy sites and Kiev culture. They are represented by pottery (13 pieces), Eastern European barbarian champleves (20 pieces), spindle whorls (9 pieces) and household items (1 piece). For the first half of the 1 st millennium AD in the area of Proto-Slavic archaeological cultures, 38 finds with images of the swastika (69 images in total) are known, which come from 29 locations. 47 images are right-sided, 21 are left-sided, the rays of one point in both dir

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Fedotova, P. I. "THE «IDEAL» WAY: WAS IT POSSIBLE TRANSCONTINENTAL WATER ROUT ALONG THE RIVES OF EASTERN EUROPE?" EurasianUnionScientists 9, no. 4(73) (2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.9.73.711.

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The article shows the fallacy of traditional ideas about the existence of a water transit route from the Baltic to the Volga and the Dnieper. Due to the low water content of the rivers of Eastern Europe during the water minimum of the first Millennium ad and the presence of rapids on the Volkhov, Msta and Lovat, these rivers were unsuitable for navigation, not only for keel Scandinavian, but also for any cargo ships. The water road from Ilmen to the Volga, as well as the Dnieper (the way «from the Varangians to the Greeks») never existed. The hydrographic characteristics of Msta and Lovat excl

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Servonnat, J., P. Yiou, M. Khodri, D. Swingedouw, and S. Denvil. "Influence of solar variability, CO<sub>2</sub> and orbital forcing during the last millennium in the IPSLCM4 model." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 2 (2010): 421–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-421-2010.

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Abstract. Studying the climate of the last millennium gives the possibility to deal with a relatively well-documented climate essentially driven by natural forcings. We have performed two simulations with the IPSLCM4 climate model to evaluate the impact of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI), CO2 and orbital forcing on secular temperature variability during the preindustrial part of the last millennium. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature of the simulation reproduces the amplitude of the NH temperature reconstructions over the last millennium. Using a linear statistical decomposition we evaluate

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Riechelmann, Dana F. C., and Marjolein T. I. J. Gouw-Bouman. "A review of climate reconstructions from terrestrial climate archives covering the first millennium AD in northwestern Europe." Quaternary Research 91, no. 1 (2018): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.84.

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AbstractLarge changes in landscape, vegetation, and culture in northwestern (NW) Europe during the first millennium AD seem concurrent with climatic shifts. Understanding of this relation requires high-resolution palaeoclimate reconstructions. Therefore, we compiled available climate reconstructions from sites across NW Europe (extent research area: 10°W–20°E, 45°–60°N) through review of literature and the underlying data, to identify supraregional climatic changes in this region. All reconstructions cover the period from AD 1 to 1000 and have a temporal resolution of ≤50 yr. This resulted in

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Senotrusova, Polina, Pavel Mandryka, and Ksenia Biryuleva. "Thin Cordoned Ceramics of the End of the Early Iron Age from the Pinchuga-6 Burial Ground (Lower Angara Region)." Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, no. 1 (June 2023): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.9.

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The first half of the 1st millennium AD is a practically unexplored period of the Lower Angara region history. The Pinchuga-6 was the first completely excavated burial ground of the end of the Early Iron Age in the region. It dates back to the 3rd to the 4th centuries AD. The materials of the burial ground allow for the first time to make a guess about the particular pottery that existed at that time in the Lower Angara region. Five typologically uniform vessels were found in the burial ground. The article provides a detailed description of the ceramics from the burials, including technical an

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Adamson, H. C., and D. B. Gallagher. "Excavation at Cleaven Dyke, Perthshire, 1975." Glasgow Archaeological Journal 13, no. 1 (1986): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gas.1986.13.13.63.

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Summary An excavation examined the surviving evidence for the Cleaven Dyke in an area threatened by a pipeline, immediately west of the present upstanding earthwork. No artefacts were found but soil analysis suggests a date not incompatible with the early first millennium AD.

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Bertrand, Sébastien, Julie Castiaux, and Etienne Juvigné. "Tephrostratigraphy of the late glacial and Holocene sediments of Puyehue Lake (Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile, 40°S)." Quaternary Research 70, no. 3 (2008): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.06.001.

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AbstractWe document the mineralogical and geochemical composition of tephra layers identified in the late Quaternary sediments of Puyehue Lake (Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes, Chile, 40°S) to identify the source volcanoes and to present the first tephrostratigraphic model for the region. For the last millennium, we propose a multi-criteria correlation model based on five tephra layers identified at seven coring sites. The two upper tephras are thin fine-grained green layers composed of more than 80% rhyodacitic glass shards, and associated to the AD 1960 and AD 1921–22 eruptions of the Pu

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Cameron, Judith. "Iron and cloth across the Bay of Bengal: new data from Tha Kae, central Thailand." Antiquity 85, no. 328 (2011): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00067946.

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An important group of spindle whorls found at Tha Kae in Thailand carries traces suggesting the use of iron spindles, and includes an unusual type of whorl shaped like a door knob. The author explores the implied contacts reaching into south China, but is also able to add a probable link with India in the early first millennium AD, well in advance of the better known Dvaravati period (sixth–thirteenth centuries AD).

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Swan, Lorraine M. "Economic and ideological roles of copper ingots in prehistoric Zimbabwe." Antiquity 81, no. 314 (2007): 999–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00096071.

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As well as being modes of supplying metal, cross-shaped copper ingots in Zimbabwe are shown to be emblems of currency and status. The author dates them to the first half of the second millennium AD and connects the appearance of ingots to increased social stratification.

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Kinahan, John. "Archaeological Evidence of Domestic Sheep in the Namib Desert During the First millennium AD." Journal of African Archaeology 14, no. 1 (2016): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10280.

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Bones of domestic sheep dated to the early first millennium AD are described from the Dâures massif in the Namib Desert. The remains confirm earlier investigations which inferred the acquisition of livestock from indirect evidence in the rock art, suggesting a fundamental shift in ritual practice at this time. Dating of the sheep remains is in broad agreement with the dating of other finds in the same area and in southern Africa as a whole. The presence of suspected sheep bone artefacts, possibly used for ritual purposes, draws attention to the importance of livestock as more than a component

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HELLYER, P., and G. R. D. KING. "A site from the early first millennium AD at Ra's Bilyaryar, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E." Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 10, no. 1 (1999): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0471.1999.tb00132.x.

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