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1
Odhiambo, Ojijo, and John E. Odada. "Effects of zero rating value added tax on government revenue in Namibia." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 6, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-04-2013-0035.
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Purpose – The Government of Namibia has traditionally used fiscal (especially tax) policy as an instrument for annual budget formulation. Marginal tax rates for profits and various income brackets have been changed back and forth in response to changes in economic conditions. However, to date, no attempt has been made to evaluate the effectiveness of these reforms in achieving the broad national economic goals, in general, and the potential effects on government revenue in the short, medium and long-run periods, in particular. The purpose of this paper is to fill this information gap by analysing the implication of the 2008 zero-rating of value added tax (VAT) on basic commodities for aggregate demand and government revenue. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses an analytical framework based on economic theory which posits that in an open economy, which trades with the rest of the world, aggregate demand for goods and services is made up of consumption demand, investment demand, government demand and net exports and that real sector equilibrium is attained when aggregate supply of goods and services is equal to aggregate demand for goods and services. Findings – Using the Namibia Household Income and Expenditure Survey results, the annual loss in government revenue attributable to this policy is, ceteris paribus, estimated to be N$310.4 million. With a marginal propensity to consume out of disposable income of 0.89, total expenditure by households on goods and services is likely to increase by N$276.3 million per annum. In the medium-to-long-run, national income will have increased by N$303.9 million per annum. Taxes which are responsive to changes in the level of national income will have increased by N$85.7 million, compensating for just over one quarter of the estimated loss in government revenue of N$310.4 million. Research limitations/implications – The study has used a partial equilibrium model as opposed to computable general equilibrium model, which provides a consistent framework that meets most of the sectoral and institutional data requirements for the simple reason that a social accounting matrix which can be used readily to connect data from different sources, such as national accounts and household surveys and would thus have been ideal model for analysing the impacts of the VAT tax reform has not been developed for Namibia. Practical implications – The paper provides a number of practical policy options available for government including, but not limited to, increasing direct taxes, VAT rate on specific (luxury) goods and services and statutory VAT rate on all other commodities not zero-rated, other taxes such as taxes; and borrowing from external sources. Social implications – It is established that zero-rating VAT on all the basic commodities in 2008 reduces the VAT paid by all Namibian households by N$310.4 million per year, which represents the annual increase in the disposable income of all households. And with a marginal propensity to consume out of disposable income of 0.89, total expenditure by households on goods and services will increase by N$276.3 million per year. Originality/value – This paper presents the first attempt at evaluating the effectiveness of tax (VAT) policy reforms in Namibia in achieving the broad national economic goals, in general, and the potential effects on government revenue in the short, medium and long-run periods, in particular.
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Wessels, Konrad, Renaud Mathieu, Nichola Knox, Russell Main, Laven Naidoo, and Karen Steenkamp. "Mapping and Monitoring Fractional Woody Vegetation Cover in the Arid Savannas of Namibia Using LiDAR Training Data, Machine Learning, and ALOS PALSAR Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222633.
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Namibia is a very arid country, which has experienced significant bush encroachment and associated decreased livestock productivity. Therefore, it is essential to monitor bush encroachment and widespread debushing activities, including selective bush thinning and complete bush clearing. The aim of study was to develop a system to map and monitor fractional woody cover (FWC) at national scales (50 m and 75 m resolution) using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data (Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Arrayed L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) global mosaics, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016) and ancillary variables (mean annual precipitation—MAP, elevation), with machine learning models that were trained with diverse airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data sets (244,032 ha, 2008–2014). When only the SAR variables were used, an average R2 of 0.65 (RSME = 0.16) was attained. Adding either elevation or MAP, or both ancillary variables, increased the mean R2 to 0.75 (RSME = 0.13), and 0.79 (RSME = 0.12). The inclusion of MAP addressed the overestimation of FWC in very arid areas, but resulted in anomalies in the form of sharp gradients in FWC along a MAP contour which were most likely caused by to the geographic distribution of the LiDAR training data. Additional targeted LiDAR acquisitions could address this issue. This was the first attempt to produce SAR-derived FWC maps for Namibia and the maps contain substantially more detailed spatial information on woody vegetation structure than existing national maps. During the seven-year study period the Shrubland–Woodland Mosaic was the only vegetation structural class that exhibited a regional net gain in FWC of more than 0.2 across 9% (11,906 km2) of its area that may potentially be attributed to bush encroachment. FWC change maps provided regional insights and detailed local patterns related to debushing and regrowth that can inform national rangeland policies and debushing programs.
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Schier, Manfred, and Peter Cleaton-Jones. "Dental caries in Namibia - the first national survey." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 23, no. 5 (October 1995): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00245.x.
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Hansen, R. J. "An Apple a Day, Helps Keep Cancer Away!" Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 187s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.51900.
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Amount raised: N$19,948,000/U$1,672,509 Background and context: The Cancer Association of Namibia presented the project “An apple a day can keep cancer away” to one of the local commercial banks close to 2 decades ago. The concept of “Eat Healthy. Live Healthy. Prevent Cancer” became a massive hit and in subsequent years the “Bank Windhoek Cancer Apple Project” has become a flagship fundraiser for the association. For 1 month of the year (usually June or July - winter in Namibia) we convert all Bank Windhoek branches nationwide into “apple stores” with bank employees, CAN volunteers and school learners marketing and selling apples to raise funds for CAN, raise awareness on cancer and support screening interventions to promote earlier detection to save lives. Aim: Create awareness and educate on cancer, support the Cancer Association of Namibia financially to fund the National Cancer Outreach Program and the 2 interim homes operated by the association. Strategy/Tactics: National endeavor - for 1 month a year, the entire commercial bank is “converted” into apple stores, selling apples! Program process: An executive planning committee between Bank Windhoek as facilitator and the Cancer Association of Namibia plan and coordinates the annual event, sourcing one million red apples (the bank´s official color) from the Western Cape apple farms. Numerous project partners support the program from transport, cold storage, package and delivery, to media and sales partners. An “Apple Roadshow” kicks off the marketing and PR of the annual event, and then for one month a year the bank staff, CAN volunteers and especially high school learners (as part of the school challenge) promote bulk orders, while loose apple sales are conducted in bank branches country-wide. Costs and returns: All project partners offer their “time” and “manpower” as a donation in support of CAN through their CSI portfolio. Apples are sourced at a bulk reduced rate (± N$2, 50 each) and resold to the public at a N$5 donation per apple. What was learned: Logistics and supply chain management is a profession that must be highly respected! But, education, awareness and community collaboration makes one of the strongest support chains imaginable. Communicating “why” are we doing this, then taking the funds and “showing” what we the money goes (through the medical outreaches and sustaining the interim homes) speak to the heart of the nation. Transparency, accountability and inclusive community interaction is key when it comes to community driven fundraising.
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Canady, Valerie A. "First national eating disorders brain bank launched." Mental Health Weekly 28, no. 10 (March 5, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mhw.31374.
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Graf, William, and Markus Link. "First National Development Corporation of SWA Ltd. Als Entwicklungsbank in SWA/Namibia." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 26, no. 2 (1992): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485894.
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HUANG, MIN, and WERNER E. HOLZINGER. "Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from Namibia, with records from neighbouring countries." Zootaxa 2717, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2717.1.2.
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The Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) fauna of Namibia and the Cixiidae collection of the National Museum Windhoek are revised. Six species, Atonurus meridianus (Van Stalle, 1984), Eumecurus kibuyanus (Fennah, 1955), E. decempunctatus (Van Stalle, 1984), E. eryx (Fennah, 1957), E. mashonanus (Van Stalle, 1987) and E. incompletus (Van Stalle, 1983), are reported from Namibia for the first time. Thus, 19 Cixiidae species (one Duiliini, 18 Pentastirini) are present in Namibia. In addition, one new species, Eumecurus skofitschii Huang & Holzinger nov. spec., is described from Angola, and Eumecurus zairensis (Van Stalle, 1987) is recorded from Malawi for the first time.
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Eggertson, L. "National cord blood bank opens first sites in Ottawa." Canadian Medical Association Journal 185, no. 17 (October 21, 2013): 1481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-4630.
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McBenedict, Billy, Percy Chimwamurombe, Ezekeil Kwembeya, and Gillian Maggs-Kölling. "Genetic Diversity of NamibianPennisetum glaucum(L.) R. BR. (Pearl Millet) Landraces Analyzed by SSR and Morphological Markers." Scientific World Journal 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1439739.
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CurrentPennisetum glaucum(L.) R. BR. cultivars in Namibia have overall poor performance posing a threat to the nation’s food security because this crop is staple for over 70% of the Namibian population. The crop suffers from undesirable production traits such as susceptibility to diseases, low yield, and prolonged reproductive cycle. This study aimed to understand the genetic diversity of the crop in Namibia by simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and morphology analysis. A total of 1441 genotypes were collected from the National Gene Bank representing all the Namibian landraces. A sample of 96 genotypes was further analyzed by SSR using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and revealed a value of 0.45 indicating low genetic diversity. Ordination using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) on SSR data confirmed clusters generated by UPGMA for the 96P. glaucumaccessions. UPGMA phenograms of 29 morphological characterized genotypes were generated for SSR and morphology data and the two trees revealed 78% resemblance. Lodging susceptibility, tillering attitude, spike density, fodder yield potential, early vigour, and spike shape were the phenotypic characters upon which some clusters were based in both datasets. It is recommended that efforts should be made to widen the current gene pool in Namibia.
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Twombly, Robert. "Louis Sullivan's First National Bank Building (1919-1922), Manistique, Michigan." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991704.
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Louis Sullivan's proposals for remodeling the First National Bank Building (1919-1922) in Manistique, Michigan, were executed in part. They reveal his underappreciated ability to bring order to someone else's design chaos by skillfully manipulating the tiniest of details. They also suggest that after his partnership with Dankmar Adler ended in 1895 he refined a vocabulary of façade composition meant to differentiate commercial structures according to program. When newly available archival material is fully exploited, it will likely reveal a good deal more about this neglected building, which was not only Sullivan's sole bank remodeling but also proof that as his career came to a close his ornament remained as powerful as ever.
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Murray, Cathy, and Nicki Mertes. "Swimming upstream—breakthrough productivity gains at seattle first national bank." National Productivity Review 8, no. 3 (1989): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/npr.4040080306.
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Mullan, F. "The National Practitioner Data Bank. Report from the first year." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 268, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.268.1.73.
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Melber, Henning. "Colonialism, Land, Ethnicity, and Class: Namibia after the Second National Land Conference." Africa Spectrum 54, no. 1 (April 2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039719848506.
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Since independence in March 1990, the unequal distribution and ownership of land as a leftover of colonial-era dispossession and appropriation has been a major issue of sociopolitical contestation in Namibia. This article summarises the structural colonial legacy and the efforts made towards land reform. Reference points are the country’s first national land reform conference in 1991 and the second national land reform conference in October 2018. The analysis points to the contradictory factors at play, seeking to contextualise land reform in between the colonial legacy of racial discrepancies and ethnicity as well as class, as more contemporary influencing factors.
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Bostwick, Eric D. "The Little Bank That Could: An Examination of the Historical and Financial Records of One Bank That Survived the Great Depression." Accounting Historians Journal 46, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aahj-52528.
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ABSTRACT Founded in 1910, The First National Bank of Oxford had been in existence for only about 20 years when the Great Depression struck. While other banks failed, this small bank in rural Mississippi survived, and it is still in operation today as FNB Oxford Bank. But beyond merely surviving, the First National Bank of Oxford appears to have thrived in this harsh financial climate: it doubled the balance of its individual depositors' accounts in the midst of the darkest months of the Great Depression. Using historical documents and extant accounting records, this paper examines how the First National Bank of Oxford was able to persist and prosper through the Great Depression. JEL Classifications: E02; G01; G21; G33; M41; N21. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
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Klubes, Benjamin B. "The First Federal Congress and the First National Bank: A Case Study in Constitutional Interpretation." Journal of the Early Republic 10, no. 1 (1990): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3123277.
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Bezhoska, Anita Angelovska. "Central Bank Independence - the Case of the National Bank of Republic of Macedonia." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 6, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 35–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcbtp-2017-0020.
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AbstractThis paper explores the level of independence of the National bank of the Republic of Macedonia by primarily focusing on the legal provisions that pertain to the key aspects for achieving and maintaining price stability. It provides a historical perspective of the evolution of the independence since the first years of transition. The assessment of the independence of the NBRM is based on the index of Cukierman, Webb, and Neyapti (1992), as one of the most commonly used indices, and the index of Jacome and Vazquez (2005), which incorporates some specific aspects relevant for transition economies. Both indices indicate that the legal independence of the NBRM has increased over the years and that the current legal framework provides a high level of independence. Yet, it should be emphasized that there is a room for further strengthening, in particular in the areas of policy formulation and the process of appointment of the non-executive members of the council of the NBRM. As the indices are based on the legal provisions, they can serve only as an indication of the actual independence of the central bank.
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Desta, Tesfatsion Sahlu. "Are the best African banks really the best? A Malmquist data envelopment analysis." Meditari Accountancy Research 24, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 588–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-02-2016-0016.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine whether the African commercial banks selected as the best African banks by Global Finance Magazine really are the best. Design/methodology/approach Panel data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used, as well as the Malmquist total factor productivity index, to distinguish productive banks from unproductive banks. Nineteen commercial banks were selected from the 30 best African banks as identified by the Global Finance Magazine. Findings Of the 19 banks, five were found to be unproductive. Bank productivity was attributed mainly to technological change, and different methods marked different results, for example, the regional winner bank (Standard Bank of South Africa) selected by Global Finance Magazine ranked ninth in this study, whereas the Bank Windhoek Limited, Namibia, ranked first. Practical implications The study confirms the applicability of DEA for the banking industry. The model shows variability among the banks’ efficiency and productivity and provides different results to the Global Finance Magazine’s best bank selection. For example, the Standard Bank of South Africa, which is selected as the regional winner, is now ranked ninth under the DEA Malmquist’s total factor productivity. Originality/value The study shows that the DEA model can be applied not only for analysing the firm’s efficiency but also for objective rating, ranking and selecting best banks.
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Jegerson, Devid, and Syed Zamberi Ahmad. "National bank of Fujairah’s digital platform “NBF Connect”." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2021-0048.
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Learning outcomes To understand the goals and key performance indicators of online social media marketing and the primary drivers of interaction in a social community. To analyze the challenges faced by the team during the launch of the new digital platform National Bank of Fujairah (NBF) Connect, interacting with an already online present small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) community. To analyze the concept of community marketing in an emerging country and appreciate the value of digital platforms in customer relationship management. To identify and critically evaluate insights on which ideas for marketing communication activities for NBF Connect can be built upon. To build an operational plan for NBF Connect customer engagement on online social communities. Case overview/synopsis In 2020, NBF launched a new digital platform for SMEs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) called “NBF Connect” with the purpose of redefining banking services for the small businesses sector. The digitalization wave in the UAE was revolutionizing various industry sectors. The global banking industry was already impacted by digitalization and some banks in the UAE, especially in the retail segment (Emirates NBD, 2017), had already introduced many technology-led innovations bringing more effectiveness in the processes and better customer experience. However, the SME banking segment was lagging in terms of innovation. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic situation, with compulsory lockdowns and social distancing, changed the way of doing business for entire industries and increased the pressure on banks for the provisioning of new digital products. Rose joined NBF in the first part of 2020 as Product Owner of the project NBF Connect. The new digital platform was ideated by NBF to be differentiated from other banking products. It was co-created with insights from and regular interaction with the SME community. After the deployment of the first version of the platform in April 2020, Rose realized that the user adoption and commercial results were below par. Over the next three months, only a few users were using the platform with shallow interactions. This case study looks at Rose’s journey as NBF refined and evolved its SME banking platform, including developing and positioning the digital platform in the market, identifying competitive advantages and developing the right commercial strategy to monetize NBF’s investment in the digital platform’s development. Complexity Academic Level Students are expected to have knowledge of the issues relevant to marketing and communication management, product management and business development. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing
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Kibuule, Dan, Philomein Aiases, Nunurai Ruswa, Timothy William Rennie, Roger K. Verbeeck, Brian Godman, and Mwangana Mubita. "Predictors of loss to follow-up of tuberculosis cases under the DOTS programme in Namibia." ERJ Open Research 6, no. 1 (January 2020): 00030–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00030-2019.
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BackgroundIn Namibia, one out of every 25 cases of tuberculosis (TB) is “lost to follow-up” (LTFU). This has impacted negatively on national efforts to end the disease by 2035. The aim of this study was to determine the trends and predictors of LTFU under the directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) programme in Namibia.MethodsThe study involved a retrospective longitudinal analysis of a nationwide cohort of TB cases registered under the DOTS programme in Namibia from 2006 to 2015. The trends and predictors of LTFU among cases in the National Electronic TB Register of the National TB and Leprosy Program were respectively determined by interrupted time series and multivariate logistic regression analyses using R-Studio software.ResultsOut of 104 203 TB cases, 3775 (3.6%) were LTFU. A quarter (26%) of cases with poor outcomes were due to LTFU. The annual decline in cases of LTFU was significant between the first (2005–2010) and second (2010–2015) medium-term plan period for TB programme implementation (p=0.002). The independent predictors of LTFU were male sex (p=0.004), 15–24 years age group (p=0.03), provider of treatment (p<0.001), intensive phase (p=0.047) and living in border/transit regions (p<0.001). HIV co-infection and TB regimen were not significant predictors of LTFU.ConclusionsThere were declining trends in LTFU in Namibia. DOTS programmes should integrate socioeconomic interventions for young and middle-aged adult male TB cases to reduce LTFU.
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Bauer, Gretchen. "‘The Hand That Stirs the Pot Can Also Run the Country’: electing women to parliament in Namibia." Journal of Modern African Studies 42, no. 4 (November 3, 2004): 479–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x04000370.
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In early 2004, 29% of Namibian Members of Parliament were women, putting Namibia fourth in continental Africa and seventeenth worldwide in terms of women's representation in a national legislature. This article sets out to determine how such a high percentage of women has been elected to the National Assembly in Namibia since independence. It suggests that electoral gains have been achieved through a combination of factors: the use of a closed list proportional representation electoral system and voluntary quotas on the part of political parties at the national level, sustained pressure over the past three to five years from a nascent women's movement influenced by the global women's movement, and the active participation of women inside and outside the country in a protracted and violent struggle for independence that was only attained in 1990. The first two factors confirm past experience and accumulated knowledge on the significance of choice of electoral system and use of quotas, and the importance of women's organisations to elected women's legislative agendas and success. The last factor deviates from experience, and from a literature that suggests that women's active participation in political struggles has not always translated into tangible gains for women.
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Nyarko, Kofi Mensah, Leigh Ann Miller, Andrew L. Baughman, Puumue Katjiuanjo, Michele Evering-Watley, Simon Antara, Penehafo Angula, et al. "The role of Namibia Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme in strengthening the public health workforce in Namibia, 2012–2019." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 4 (April 2021): e005597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005597.
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Namibia faces a critical shortage of skilled public health workers to perform emergency response operations, preparedness activities and real-time surveillance. The Namibia Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (NamFELTP) increases the number of skilled public health professionals and strengthens the public health system in Namibia. We describe the NamFELTP during its first 7 years, assess its impact on the public health workforce and provide recommendations to further strengthen the workforce. We reviewed disease outbreak investigations and response reports, field projects and epidemiological investigations conducted during 2012–2019. The data were analysed using descriptive methods such as frequencies and rates. Maps representing the geographical distribution of NamFELTP workforce were produced using QGIS software V.3.2. There were no formally trained field epidemiologists working in Namibia before the NamFELTP. In its 7 years of operation, the programme graduated 189 field epidemiologists, of which 28 have completed the Advanced FELTP. The graduates increased epidemiological capacity for surveillance and response in Namibia at the national and provincial levels, and enhanced epidemiologist-led outbreak responses on 35 occasions, including responses to outbreaks of human and zoonotic diseases. Trainees analysed data from 51 surveillance systems and completed 31 epidemiological studies. The NamFELTP improved outcomes in the Namibia’s public health systems; including functional and robust public health surveillance systems that timely and effectively respond to public health emergencies. However, the current epidemiological capacity is insufficient and there is a need to continue training and mentorship to fill key leadership and strategic roles in the public health system.
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Collins, Stephen M., Kevin McHugh, Ken Croitoru, and Micheal Howorth. "The Establishment of a National Tissue Bank for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research in Canada." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 17, no. 2 (2003): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/589245.
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The Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of Canada (CCFC) has established a national bank for tissue, serum and blood from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Investigators from across the country submit material to the bank together with clinical data. Investigators may access their own patient information from the bank for their own study purposes, but the distribution of tissue is restricted to specific CCFC-funded projects. Currently, tissues are being collected from newly diagnosed, untreated IBD patients to support a recent initiative aimed at characterizing microbes in colonic and ileal biopsies from such patients. In the future, criteria for the submission of tissue will be tailored to specific research questions. This bank is believed to be the first national bank of its kind dedicated to research in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Hansen, Peter. "The World Bank Administrative Tribunal's External Sources of Law: A Retrospective of the Tribunal's First Quarter-Century (1981–2005)." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 6, no. 1 (2007): 1–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156918507x193113.
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AbstractThe jurisprudence of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal has grown and evolved dramatically over its first quarter-century. Mr. Hansen's study comprehensively surveys the numerous doctrinal contributions provided by external sources during this time. Organized under rubrics suggested by Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which sets out that Court's sources of law, Mr. Hansen's study reviews: (i) the roles of the contract of employment, Bank rules, international treaties and national laws in the composition of the pactum established between a staff member and the Bank; (ii) the development of binding custom from the practices of the Bank, other institutions and national governments; (iii) the Tribunal's use of general legal principles drawn from other legal systems; and (iv) the Tribunal's use of international and domestic tribunal precedents. Extensively footnoted, Mr. Hansen's study is intended for both academics and practitioners specializing in international administrative law and dispute settlement.
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Rendleman, Richard. "First Derivatives National Bank: a case problem in the management of interest rate risk." Journal of Risk 1, no. 3 (1999): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21314/jor.1999.012.
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Stern, Karl. "Valuutakontrolli rakendamine Eestis 1930. aastatel [Abstract: Implementation of exchange control in Estonia in the 1930s]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2017.1.03.
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Exchange control is generally managed by the national bank. Exporters have to transfer all of their earnings from foreign exchange to the national bank. The national bank considers different factors in redistributing foreign exchange among importers.
After the devaluation of the British pound in the autumn of 1931, cash cover for Estonia’s currency decreased rapidly. The leaders of monetary policy ignored the statutes of the National Bank of Estonia and urgently decided to implement exchange control.
The implementation of exchange control did not go very smoothly during its first years. Hurried implementation and lack of preceding explanation caused problems for entrepreneurs and citizens who were in need of foreign exchange. At first there was a great deal of dissension between the National Bank of Estonia and the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The ministry issued import licenses to importers but often the National Bank did not want to sell them any foreign currency (to be used to pay for goods) regardless of their legitimate licenses. The bank’s rationale for this course of action was the low level of cash cover for Estonia’s currency. This fact confirms the opinion prevalent in previous historiography that in its first years, exchange control was implemented for monetary policy purposes. Exchange control influenced almost everybody who needed to use foreign currency. Reasons had to be given even for the purchase of smaller amounts of foreign exchange.
After the devaluation of Estonia’s currency in the summer of 1933, exchange control was used to protect the interests of Estonian foreign trade. The Ministry of Economic Affairs and the National Bank started collaborating more efficiently. National Bank Exchange Commission decisions approving exchange applications demonstrate this as well. The commission accepted almost all applications for foreign exchange after the devaluation. The number of applications nearly doubled during the second half of the 1930s. Cash cover for Estonia’s currency increased and the National Bank’s exchange policy became more liberal. After the devaluation, one of the important criteria for giving foreign exchange to importers was the trade balance between the source country and Estonia. Preference was given to traders who imported goods from countries with which Estonia had a positive trade balance. Comparison of export and import in the 1930s shows that in general, Estonia managed to maintain its trade balance. At the same time, exchange control had a negative effect on incentives. In countries where exchange control was implemented, trade volume recovered more slowly in the latter half of the 1930s than in countries where it was not implemented.
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Jemović, Mirjana, and Borko Krstić. "Comparative Analysis of Financial Stability Policy of The National Bank of Serbia and The European Central Bank." Economic Themes 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2015-0009.
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AbstractThe Republic of Serbia has successfully completed the first part in the European Union integration process, being granted candidate status for membership in the European Union (EU). The stage of accession negotiations is in progress, and it includes the full harmonization with the EU acquis, whereby the analytical review of legislation, the so-called screening is being carried out in 35 chapters. The global financial crisis that affected our country in 2008 has required a timely reaction of the National Bank of Serbia (NBS) in order to preserve the financial system stability, especially the banking sector as its most important segment. As the financial services sector adjusts within chapter 9, the aim of this paper is to assess the level of compliance of national legislation with the EU legislation regarding banking sector. Along with the regulatory initiatives in the field of preserving financial stability in the EU countries, the NBS has paid great attention to the harmonization of its financial stability policy with the financial stability policy of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB).
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Kohavi, Itai, and Wojciech Nowiak. "THE IMPACT OF WEST BANK SETTLEMENTS ON ISRAELI NATIONAL SECURITY." Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 10 (December 15, 2017): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2017.1.8.
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Since the 1967 war in the Middle East, The Israeli settlements in the West Bank have always been one of the most controversial topics in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This article deals with the question: What is the impact of the West Bank settlements on the national security of Israel? The approach used to explore these issues is face-to-face in-depth interviews, during 2016, with 27 high-ranking Israeli Generals from the Military Intelligence (Aman), the National Intelligence Agency (Mossad), the Internal Security Agency (Shabak), the National Security Council (Malal), the Planning Branch of the General Staff (Agat), and the Prime Minister’s close circle of advisors. The interviews revealed three perspectives on the importance of the settlements for the Israeli national security. The first, views the settlements as a contribution to the national security of Israel, the second, views the settlements as a heavy national security liability, and the third, views the question as an irrelevant one, explaining that no one asks if Tel Aviv is important for the national security of Israel. As securitization of political messages is arguably at least as common in Israel as in other countries, with immediate national security challenges, the detailed perspectives of the Israeli National Security Elite (INSE) helps to extract the professional security rationales from the misleading political clatter. The article can be of interest to policy makers and researchers who deal with national security in general and in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in particular.
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Pokoj, Jakub. "Organization of Branches of the National Bank of Poland after World War II in the So-Called “Regained Territories” as Illustrated by the Bank’s Branch Office in Racibórz in the Years 1945–1947." Roczniki Nauk Prawnych 28, no. 2 ENGLISH ONLINE VERSION (October 28, 2019): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rnp.2018.28.2-4en.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the issues regarding the process of organising branches of Narodowy Bank Polski in the so-called “Regained Territories” based on the example of the National Bank of Poland’s branch office in Racibórz. First, the communist authorities’ attitude towards the banking system was discussed. Secondly, the legislation in the field of banking was analysed, especially the Decree on the National Bank of Poland of 15 January 1945. Then, the archival sources regarding the Racibórz branch of NBP were analysed. The final part of the article was devoted to conclusions based on the research.
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Kharchuk, Roxana. "Shevchenko’s Grateful Readers from Dnieper Ukraine: Volodymyr Antonovych and Mykola Lysenko." Академічний журнал "Слово і Час", no. 3 (March 30, 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2019.03.33-41.
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This paper outlines the portrait of Shevchenko’s reader from the Dnieper Ukraine in the first half of the 19th century based on the example of two prominent figures of Kyiv (Old) “Hromada” Volodymyr Antonovych and Mykola Lysenko. The first one represented the intellectuals from the Right Bank Ukraine, the second one ‒ from the Left Bank part. Under the influence of the Ukrainian national renaissance Volodymyr Antonovych became de-Polonized. He was the first political Ukrainian who understood the significance of Shevchenko’s poetry for the formation of Ukrainian national identity (this is evidenced by his memoirs and promoting Shevchenko’s works). According to M. Starytskyi, Mykola Lysenko perceived “Kobzar” passionately. Not only did he become de-Russificated under the influence of Shevchenko’s poetry, but also made the music to “Kobzar” a matter of his life.
The author of the paper emphasizes that Shevchenko’s works urged the intellectuals from the Right and Left Bank Ukraine, disconnected after the Truce of Andrusovo, to unite in “Hromada” movement. At the same time the Left Bank intellectuals dominated in “Hromada”. On the researcher’s opinion, this fact may be explained by the high level of education in the Cossak Hetmanate Ukraine. “Kobzar” was a cornerstone for the educational program of Ukrainian ‘narodnyks’ and this whole intellectual movement was based on it. Shevchenko’s works essentially contributed to spreading the Ukrainian idea in Galicia.
There is an opinion, that it was the Galician people who separated the Ukrainian national identity from Russian, while in the Left Bank Ukraine both of these identities coexisted. The author of the paper believes that the intellectuals in both parts of Ukraine in 1860s-1870s had an indistinct national identity. Unlike the Galicians the intellectuals from Ukraine under Russian rule, in particular Volodymyr Antonovych, could not speak openly about Ukrainian self-sufficiency. However Shevchenko (born in the Right Bank Ukraine) was first among Ukrainian intellectuals to voice a thesis about the separation of Ukrainians from Russians, about the distinctive Ukrainian history, language and literature that differ from the Russian ones.
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Naicker, Bathmanathan Vasie, and Md Humayun Kabir. "Implementation of South African national credit act and its impact on home loans market: The case of First National Bank." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 3, no. 2 (2013): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv3i2art1.
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Since it has been observed that credit granting is a serious problem across the entire credit market, South Africa introduced National Credit Act 34 of 2005 in order to regulate the credit industry and protect credit consumers from becoming over-indebted. The study highlights and examines the implementation of the Act in relation to the South African home loans market, focussing on First National Bank home loans portfolio. The study documents that the current state of consumer indebtedness shows that both credit institutions and consumers were responsible for over extending retail credit. The study noticed that credit industry has significantly managed to regulate the retail credit through the implementation of the Act. Furthermore, the study finds that a new stakeholder such as a debt counsellor has been introduced into the retail credit value chain for debt counselling for over-indebted clients. However, the study recommends that internal forums within banks as well as industry-wide forums should be used in order to ensure that the implementation of a regulation that impacts the entire credit industry is implemented with all stakeholders to limit any possible misinterpretation of key sections of a new regulation.
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Komierzyńska-Orlińska, Eliza. "The Origin of the Polish National Loan Fund and Its Operation on the Polish Lands." Roczniki Nauk Prawnych 28, no. 3 ENGLISH ONLINE VERSION (October 28, 2019): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rnp.2018.28.3-4en.
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The idea of establishing the Bank of Poland as the central bank of the Second Polish Republic and introducing a new currency appeared shortly after Poland regained its independence. At the beginning of 1919, in the economic circles it was believed that one of the initial steps taken by the government would be to establish a new issuing bank in place of the Polish National Loan Fund, which had appeared on the Polish territory in an emergency situation—during the First World War, and which, contrary to the original (both German and Polish) plans survived for 7 years and was transformed after the war into the first bank of issue in the now independent Polish State.
The Polish National Loan Fund established by the Germans as an issuing institution by way of the ordinance of December 9, 1916 establishing the Polnische Landes Darlehnskasse was granted the privilege of issuing a new currency, that is a new monetary unit under the name marka polska. The German authorities were guided by various objectives when creating the new issuing institution—first of all, the aim was to limit the area of circulation of the German mark and to create an instrument that would draw in the occupied area of the Polish territory to finance the war, contrary to the assurances of the occupying authorities that the PKKP would be an institution supporting the economy and banking system of the country—the Kingdom of Poland, whose creation was envisaged after the end of World War I.
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BOSTRÖM, SVEN, and OLEKSANDR HOLOVACHOV. "Descriptions of species of Acrobeles von Linstow, 1877 (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Kelso Dunes, Mojave National Preserve, California, USA." Zootaxa 4651, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 330–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.2.8.
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Populations of three rare species of the genus Acrobeles are described from the Kelso Dunes area, Mojave National Preserve, southern California. One population is identified as belonging to A. undulatus and is compared with the type population from Venezuela and one population from Iran. Males of this species are described for the first time. Another population identified as belonging to A. ornatus is compared with the type population from Colorado, USA. Specimens identified as belonging to A. dimorphus are compared with the type population from Namibia. Descriptions of the new material add morphological data important for species identification, broaden the diagnosis of Acrobeles and increase the distribution patterns of these three species.
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Jarova, Olesia, and Mykola Fedoronchuk. "The first in the Left-bank of Middle Cis-Dnipro Area the National Natural Park "Biloosersky"." Chornomorski Botanical Journal 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14255/2308-9628/13.91/12.
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A.A.Beksultanov and Z.T. Duyshenalieva. "PROBLEMS IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC AND THEIR SOLUTION." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 686–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2019.4.686-692.
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In each developed state, the Central National Bank is considered the main element of financial resources. It is a legal and authorized, legal and monetary policy. Effective work of the Central National Bank, close cooperation with commercial banks, tightened control over financial markets, leads to the effective development of the banking system. To date, control over the banking system, the role of the National Bank, relations with commercial banks have not been fully studied. This, in turn, is part of the problem of economic and financial sector development and requires comprehensive study. First, changes in the macroeconomic situation in the future will depend on the characteristics of the banking system. Secondly, the speed of introducing new technologies and their distribution in the global financial markets, changes in the financial sector is happening at a high speed. In this connection, the risk of "obsolescence" is growing.
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Bowie, Nikolas. "Corporate Democracy: How Corporations Justified Their Right to Speak in 1970s Boston." Law and History Review 36, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 943–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248018000160.
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AbstractIn the early 1970s, the executives of the First National Bank of Boston spent hundreds of thousands of the bank's dollars on ads opposing statewide efforts to raise their personal income taxes. When frustrated Massachusetts legislators banned this sort of corporate spending, the executives sued, arguing that “corporations have the same First Amendment rights as individuals.” In First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, the Supreme Court held for the first time that the First Amendment protects all political speech, even ads paid for by a corporation. Surprisingly, the first corporation to take advantage of this decision was not the bank, but the city of Boston--a municipal corporation that spent nearly a million dollars on a new referendum in the fall of 1978.This article discusses the history of the 1978 referendum, one pitting municipal corporations against business corporations. It argues that the referendum and the discourse surrounding it made it intuitive for Bostonians that all corporations, banks and cities, are representative institutions. Corporations can “speak” only by spending money, and the leaders of Boston and the bank justified spending other people's money by pointing to the internal elections that put them in office. But voters were skeptical of the argument that “corporate democracy” alone could guarantee that elected executives spoke with the consent of the people they purported to represent. The article offers a novel contribution to the historiography of modern business and politics: a legal history of how corporations--municipal and financial--became politicized in the wake of evolving First Amendment free-speech doctrine.
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Toan, Vo Phuc. "Efforts of the Vietnamese in finance sector in Cochinchina during the colonial period: the case of Vietnam Bank (Société annamite de crédit)." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 5, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v5i1.651.
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In feudal society, Vietnamese spent the most care on study Confusim to become courting and agriculture production. Trade and handicrafts were considered secondary in the economic thinking of Vietnamese. When capitalism followed France's conquest path into Vietnam, Vietnamese became a community that adapted slowly to change in the economy. Among difficulties of the reforming thinking and economic activities process, the finance sector was considered the most restrictive field of Vietnamese. In 1912, the Association of Mutual Agriculture was born in Cochinchina became the first experiment of Vietnamese in the finance sector. However, due to the limited financial potential, these agricultural associations depend on loans from Indochina Bank. In 1919, with the rising national spirit in the movement to boycott Chinese overseas, the plan to set up a financial association named the Vietnam Bank had appeared but unsuccessful. Eight years later, the first bank of the Vietnamese was established and called by Vietnam bank, reflecting Vietnamese's efforts to build the financial association independent from foreign businessmen. That is the result of combining the economic strength and national spirit rising in the patriotic movement of indigenous elites in the late 1920s.
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Yaseen, Ayesha, and Sehrish Afghan. "Determinants of Performance Management Practices: A Case Study of National Bank of Pakistan." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v6i1.9113.
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There is drive and momentum to implement changes in the public sector organizations and for such changes it is first and foremost dilemma to analyze the performance management system and practices implemented in such organizations. This study explores the performance management system at National bank of Pakistan. It’s a descriptive study and main focus of this study is to identify the flaws in performance management system that are currently prevailing at National bank of Pakistan and suggesting new ideas to bring positive changes ultimately getting competitive advantage through Human Resource Management (HRM). For analyzing the study, a sample of 100 employees has been selected on convenient basis form Bahawalpur Region and reposes are obtained on the fully structured questionnaires and analyze the results through Chi-Square technique.
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Ndaita, Paul Mumo, Thomas Gachie, and Christopher W. Kiveu. "The implementation of Lean Six Sigma concept at national bank of Kenya-operation division." TQM Journal 27, no. 6 (October 12, 2015): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-06-2015-0078.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation at National bank Operations Division by utilizing the five stages of progress identified by Gygi et al. (2005), namely, initialize, deploy, implement, expand and sustain. A further aim was to determine the impact of implementation so far on various operations within the division. Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted within the head office. Data were gathered through a questionnaire distributed to all employees working in the operations division via e-mail. Responses were analyzed using SPSS v20. Findings – The results obtained indicated that 99 percent of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the bank has past stages 1 and 2 and are now implementing stage 3. The finding also showed that there was a significant impact on a number of operations including reductions in average process cycle times, reductions in costs, reductions in turnaround times and reductions in error rates. Research limitations/implications – The research findings are limited to National Bank of Kenya Ltd and may not be generalized to other organizations. Further research will have to be carried out to cover other types of organizations to establish general impact. Practical implications – The findings of the study provide evidence of the practical benefits of LSS as well as justification for the adoption and implementation of LSS principles and techniques in the National Bank of Kenya with possible similar benefits for other financial services organizations. Originality/value – This study is the first to report on the implementation of LSS in a Kenya bank.
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Nikitishin, Andrіy. "Influence of monetary policy on the modern mechanisms of tax regulation." University Economic Bulletin, no. 41 (March 30, 2019): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-41-195-202.
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This study examines theoretical and applied problems of the influence of monetary policy on the modern mechanisms of tax regulation. The goal of the study is to determine the connection between the instruments, channels, mechanisms and regimes of the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine and the instruments and mechanisms of the tax regulation, their monetary transmission influence on the budget architectonics. Methods of the study. In order to achieve the goals specified in the academic article a systemic approach has been used to determine the connection between the instruments, channels, mechanisms and regimes of the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine and the instruments and mechanisms of the tax regulation, their monetary transmission influence on the profitable part of the state and local budgets of the country. Study results: the study has shown the influence of instruments of the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine (official exchange rate, bank rate), emission channel of the national currency of Ukraine, organization mechanism of cash and noncash money turnover and the regime of inflation targeting on the tax regulation mechanisms (planning, forecasting, accounting, control, administration) and their elements (taxpayers, taxation basis, tax rates, process of tax calculation, tax payment procedure) which on the whole determine their influence on the budget architectonics (correlation of the profitable part of the state and local budgets) over a short period of time through the mechanism of impulse transmission. Application area of results: organizing and conducting scientific research and ensuring the coordination in the sphere of tax, budget and monetary policy. Conclusion. The results of the study show that the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine, by implementing monetary transmission mechanism as a process of transmitting changes in the use of its instruments, has a significant influence on certain mechanisms and elements of the tax regulation at the first stage of its implementation, and at the second stage the changes in the tax regulation are introduced into the budget regulation and influence the budget architectonics. The whole correlation between the profitable part of the state and the local budgets is the result of influence of the totality of instruments, channels, mechanisms and regimes of the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine on the instruments and mechanisms of the tax regulation at the first stage of implementation of the monetary transmission mechanism.
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Cho, Moon-Kyung, Ho-Young Lee, and Dan-Bee Song. "KB Kookmin Bank in Korea." Asian Case Research Journal 20, no. 02 (December 2016): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927516500103.
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KB Kookmin Bank (KB) was the most prominent commercial bank in Korea. However, KB faced two challenges: declining firm performance and a lack of transparency in corporate governance at the level of its financial group, KB Financial Group (KBFG). By the end of 2012, KB was not a market leader in Korea any more. In addition, a conflict arose between the CEO and some members of the board of directors (BOD) of KBFG when an insider leaked private information to the International Shareholders Services (ISS). The insider reported that certain BOD members decreased firm value by disrupting the senior management’s strategic plan to increase the firm’s long-term competitiveness, which required attention from institutional investors. KBFG had three issues based on the inside information provided and an independent analysis. First, its CEO had been selected from outside KBFG, and he was under pressure to improve firm performance before his term was over. Second, some KBFG BOD members did not represent the interests of the company’s general shareholders, including foreign institutional investors and the National Pension Services of Korea. Finally, the heavy influence of the Korean government was culturally ingrained within the corporate governance structure of KBFG.
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Wallis, Kenneth F. "An Assessment of Bank of England and National Institute Inflation Forecast Uncertainties." National Institute Economic Review 189 (July 2004): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795010418900107.
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In February 1996 the Bank of England and the National Institute of Economic and Social Research significantly increased the amount of information they published about the uncertainty surrounding their central projections of inflation. In effect, and in different ways, they each began to publish a density forecast of inflation, that is, an estimate of the probability distribution of possible outcomes for future inflation. The Bank represented this graphically, as a set of forecast intervals covering 10, 20, 30, …, 90 per cent of the probability distribution, coloured red, of lighter shades for the outer bands. This was done for inflation forecasts up to eight quarters ahead, and since the distribution becomes increasingly dispersed and the intervals ‘fan out’ as the forecast horizon increases, the chart became known as the ‘fan chart’ (or, rather more informally, and noting its red colour, the ‘rivers of blood’). The National Institute represented the distribution as a histogram, in the form of a table reporting the probabilities of inflation falling in various ranges. These intervals, or ‘bins’ of the histogram, have changed from time to time; those used currently are: less than 1.5 per cent, 1.5 to 2.0 per cent, 2.0 to 2.5 per cent, and so on. The forecasts refer to the fourth quarters of the current and following years, and from the beginning have included not only inflation but also real GDP growth. Fan charts for real GDP growth first appeared in the Bank's Inflation Report in November 1997.
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Auzan, Alexandr. "National Bank of Kazakhstan and Economic Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University: First Steps in Cooperative Research." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2015, no. 4 (August 31, 2015): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201542.
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FREGEAU, C. "The National DNA Data Bank of Canada?a laboratory bench retrospective on the first year of operation." International Congress Series 1239 (January 2003): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0531-5131(02)00317-5.
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Arat, Sezen, Serhat Pabuccuoglu, Hakan Sagirkaya, Yavuz Nak, Serhat Alkan, Selim Alcay, Kamber Demir, et al. "Reproductive performance of first cloned Anatolian Grey Cattle produced by frozen cells from National Animal Gene Bank." Journal of Biotechnology 185 (September 2014): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.036.
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Pinehas, Lusia N., Ester Mulenga, and Julia Amadhila. "Factors that hinder the academic performance of the nursing students who registered as first years in 2010 at the University of Namibia (UNAM), Oshakati Campus in Oshana, Namibia." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, no. 8 (March 14, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n8p63.
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The University of Namibia (UNAM) is the only national university in Namibia that was established in 1992. It offers diploma and degree courses. The Bachelor of Nursing Science (Clinical) (Honours) was introduced in 2008 after the Diploma in Comprehensive Nursing Science was phased out. This degree is offered over the period of four years full-time. Students are allocated to the clinical practice throughout the training to acquire the relevant nursing skills. At the time of research the course was offered at two campuses only namely Windhoek and Oshakati. The total number of students who were admitted in 2010 was 83, but at the time of the research when they were in their fourth year, there were only 59. The difference of 24 was the students who could not make it to the fourth year and finish in the prescribed time frame. The lecturers were concerned with the poor performance of the students, the increased number of students with some modules behind, and the overcrowding of some classes. The purpose of the study was to identify, explore and describe the factors that hinder the academic performance of the nursing students at the UNAM Oshakati campus. The study was conducted among nursing students who registered for the Bachelor of Nursing Science (Clinical) (Honours) in 2010. The study was qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature using non-probability purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the academic performance of student nurses at the University of Namibia Oshakati campus is influenced by both internal and external factors. However, external factors are many compared to internal factors. External related factors comprise of teaching and learning, insufficient resources, lack of university accommodation, curriculum related and socio-economic factors. Teaching and learning related factors include use of one teaching strategy, language barriers, inadequate support and labeling of students by lecturers. On the other hand, insufficient resources are unavailability of the bookshop on campus, insufficient prescribed textbooks, poor internet facility, lack of space and less equipped library. Curriculum related factors include overloaded examination time table, huge scope of test, study day system and module pre-requisites, while socio-economic factors are problems in relationships, peer influence, financial problems and pregnancy while studying. Internal factors comprise of students’ attitude and lack of self-discipline among some students. Those factors result in increased number of students with some modules behind, overcrowding of some classes, increased student-lecturer ratio and some students not completing their studies within the prescribed time frame.
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Amakali, Justina Meluwa Latenda. "Persuasive speech acts in the Namibian National Assembly." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 7, no. 2 (November 8, 2016): 1205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v7i2.5156.
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This paper examined the speech acts used by Namibian Members of Parliament (MPs) during parliamentary proceedings. The main aim of this paper was to explain speech acts and show their intended persuasive effects in parliamentary discourse. Austin (1962) introduced three types of speech acts, locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary. The paper attempted to critically demonstrate how MPs use persuasion strategies in their debates. These speech acts were uttered through assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives, as classified by Searle (1969). A qualitative approach was used in this paper whereby the Hansard were used to collect data. A purposeful sampling focusing on some MPs was used. This paper was guided by two theories, Austins Speech Act Theory and Aristotles Theory of Rhetoric. The need to apply rhetorical skills in debates is widely advocated for. Although not all members of parliament have a wide knowledge of rhetoric, acquiring and employing skills on rhetoric are prominent aspects of parliamentary debates. The findings of the paper revealed that members of parliament have the potential to use a variety of persuasive strategies in their speech acts by means of some rhetorical devices. It was concluded that most MPs deliberately make use of these speech acts as a persuasive mechanism in their discourse. Being the first study in parliamentary discourse in Namibia with regards to rhetoric, it is considered to be unique and adds value in the field of linguistics. It also serves as a pioneering research to researchers in political rhetoric.
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Kekana, M. C., T. O. Tong, M. Y. Shatalov, and S. P. Moshokoa. "Series Solutions for South African Banks Users Using the Adomian Decomposition Method." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 2940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9323.
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In this paper, A model for the four major South African banks namely Absa, First national, Standard and Nedbank users is developed and investigated. Series solutions for South African banks users is obtained using the Adomian decomposition method under factors emigration, immigration, advertisement of each bank and personal interaction amongst different bank users. The results reveals that people will continue using the four South African banks as long the aforesaid parameters are intensified.
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Elamer, Ahmed A., Collins G. Ntim, and Hussein A. Abdou. "Islamic Governance, National Governance, and Bank Risk Management and Disclosure in MENA Countries." Business & Society 59, no. 5 (December 9, 2017): 914–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650317746108.
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We examine the relationships among religious governance, especially Islamic governance quality (IGQ), national governance quality (NGQ), and risk management and disclosure practices (RDPs), and consequently ascertain whether NGQ has a moderating influence on the IGQ–RDPs nexus. Using one of the largest data sets relating to Islamic banks from 10 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries from 2006 to 2013, our findings are threefold. First, we find that RDPs are higher in banks with higher IGQ. Second, we find that RDPs are higher in banks from countries with higher NGQ. Finally, we find that NGQ has a moderating effect on the IGQ–RDPs nexus. Our findings are robust to alternative RDP measures and estimation techniques. These results imply that the quality of disclosure depends on the nature of the macro-social-level factors, such as religion that have remained largely unexplored in business and society research, and, therefore, have important implications for policy makers.
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Ferrandis, Pablo, José M. Herranz, and Juan J. Martínez-Sśnchez. "FIRE IMPACT ON A MAQUIS SOIL SEED BANK IN CABAÑEROS NATIONAL PARK (CENTRAL SPAIN)." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 47, no. 1 (April 12, 1999): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1999.10676747.
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The direct impact of fire on the soil seed bank and the changes observed one year later were studied by analysis of seed content in sample layers at depths of 0–2 cm and 2–5 cm. Fire had a severe but selective impact on the soil seed bank: species with transient seed reserves accumulating on the soil surface were eliminated, whereas species with persistent buried seed reserves tended to remain in the soil after the passage of fire. Thick seed coats were shown to be an efficient mechanical protection barrier to fire. One year after fire, trade-off between input and output into seed bank produced a conspicuous recovery of seed density and species richness on the soil surface, and a pronounced impoverishment in the 2–5-cm-depth soil layer. In general, seed banks of woody species were severely depleted due to the lack of replacement following fire, with the exception of Erica, which maintained a high seed bank density in the upper soil layer. The post-fire recovery of soil seed populations was mainly due to two clearly differentiated groups of annuals. The first group was of species whose seeds survived fire, germinated, and completed their phenological cycle. They were mainly fire-ephemerals. The second group consisted of wind-dispersed species whose soil seed banks had suffered a very severe (even total) depletion by fire. They were mainly Gramineae and Compositae species which behaved as opportunistic fire-sensitive invaders.
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Hasan, Faradila, and Mar'atul Jannah S. Habu. "Implementation of the National Islamic Council Fatwa Number 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005 in Banks Syariah Mandiri Branch Manado." Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/jis.v17i1.870.
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This study aims to determine the policies of Bank Syariah Mandiri Branch Manado in resolving murabahah receivables disputes for customers who are unable to pay and the realization of DSN No. fatwa. 47 / DSN-MUI / II / 2005 at Bank Syariah Mandiri, Branch Manado. The method used a qualitative research method using a normative approach. The informants interviewed were as many as five informants who were employees of the Bank Syariah Mandiri Branch of Manado. The concept of the settlement of murabahah receivables for customers who are unable to pay has two stages. First for customers who are categorized as having a reduced ability to pay but can still pay off the remaining debt by restructuring. The second stage is for customers who are classified as no longer able to pay their remaining debts even though the bank has provided several policies. Sharia Financial Institutions (LKS) may settle for customers who cannot complete or pay off their financing by agreed amounts and times; the system has been by the provisions of sharia in terms of the properties of the DSNI-MUI.