Academic literature on the topic 'First Past the Post (FPTP)'
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Journal articles on the topic "First Past the Post (FPTP)"
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Mohd Rus, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin, Mohamad Khairul Anuar Mohd Rosli, and Siti Norul Aqillah Johar. "Pilihan Raya di Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, 1948-1959 dan Pengenalan First Past the Post." Akademika 91, no. 3 (2022): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/akad-2021-9103-06.
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Artikel ini membincangkan pengenalan prinsip First Past The Post (FPTP) dalam sistem pilihan raya Persekutuan Tanah Melayu (PTM) antara tahun 1948-1959. FPTP merupakan sistem pemilihan calon yang bertanding dalam sesebuah kawasan pilihan raya dan calon yang memperoleh undian terbesar dikira sebagai pemenang meskipun mereka yang mengundi calon tersebut bukanlah kumpulan yang memperoleh majoriti mutlak. Objektif artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti permulaan prinsip FPTP dan sejauh mana ia membantu mewujudkan dominasi Melayu dalam dua pilihan raya umum era 1950-an. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dengan menggunakan sumber-sumber primer di Arkib Negara yang terdiri daripada Colonial Office, laporan kerajaan dan akhbar. Melalui penelitian ke atas sumber, didapati FPTP secara jelas mula dipraktikkan dalam pilihan raya peringkat negeri tahun 1954. Pelaksanaan prinsip ini di peringkat kawasan pilihan raya dilihat tidak bermasalah kerana sistem tersebut hanya memerlukan seorang calon dengan undi terbesar diisytihar sebagai pemenang. Kemenangan Perikatan dengan keahlian majoriti dalam majlis perundangan bagi pilihan raya 1955 membolehkan rundingan ke arah kemerdekaan mengambil langkah yang lebih serius. Dalam konteks sistem pilihan raya, Suruhanjaya Reid, badan yang bertanggungjawab merangka perlembagaan merdeka, memutuskan bahawa sistem pemilihan yang akan dipraktikkan dalam pilihan raya pasca merdeka adalah berasaskan prinsip FPTP. Suruhanjaya Reid juga mengambil pendekatan memastikan sempadan kawasan pilihan raya mestilah bersandarkan dominasi Melayu. Harapan tersebut jelas tergambar dalam Pilihan Raya Umum 1959 apabila 66 daripada 104 kawasan pilihan raya yang dipertandingkan adalah dominasi Melayu. Kata kunci: First Past The Post; Suruhanjaya Reid; orang Melayu; pilihan raya; Persekutuan Tanah Melayu
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Milazzo, Caitlin, Robert G. Moser, and Ethan Scheiner. "Social Diversity Affects the Number of Parties Even Under First-Past-the-Post Rules." Comparative Political Studies 51, no. 7 (2017): 938–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414017720704.
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Nearly all systematic empirical work on the relationship between social diversity and the number of parties asserts the “interactive hypothesis”—Social heterogeneity leads to party fragmentation under permissive electoral rules, but not under single-member district, first-past-the-post (FPTP) rules. In this article, we argue that previous work has been hindered by a reliance on national-level measures of variables and a linear model of the relationship between diversity and party fragmentation. This article provides the first analysis to test the interactive hypothesis appropriately by using district-level measures of both ethnic diversity and the effective number of parties in legislative FPTP elections and considering a curvilinear relationship between the variables. We find that there is a strong relationship between social diversity and the number of parties even under FPTP electoral rules, thus suggesting that restrictive rules are not as powerful a constraint on electoral behavior and outcomes as is usually supposed.
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Di Candia, Alberto. "Replacing FPTP." Federalism-E 21, no. 2 (2020): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/fede.v21i2.14073.
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Canada’s use of the First-Past-the-Post electoral system has been defended due to its simplicity, constituency representation, and inherent stability. Arguments have been raised, however, that the system does not sufficiently represent Canadian demographics in parliament, it renders opposition parties ineffective, smaller parties have trouble or are unable to win seats in parliament, and regionally-concentrated parties are encouraged over national based ones. It has been suggested that adding an element of proportionality would address some of these issues. This paper seeks to consider this claim by examining the political outcomes of proportional electoral systems. The literature review outlined that the use of proportional systems increased descriptive as well as geographic representation, and was positively linked to voter turnout.
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Selway, Joel. "Ethnic Accommodation and Electoral Rules in Ethno-Geographically Segregated Societies: PR Outcomes Under FPTP in Myanmar Elections." Journal of East Asian Studies 15, no. 3 (2015): 321–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800009103.
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In this article I explore how the current first-past-the-post (FPTP) rules contributed to the failure of ethnic compromise during the democratic period (1948–1962) in Myanmar by encouraging extremist parties, hardening ethnic divisions, and causing political deadlock, ironically the same charges the centripetal school lays against proportional representation (PR). This puzzle of “PR outcomes” under FPTP is explained using geographic information systems techniques that map the country's 2010 electoral districts onto an ethnic population map. It shows that ethnic party success in the 2010 election closely follows the distribution of ethnic groups in Myanmar and that given the high level of ethno-geographic segregation in Myanmar the representation of ethnic parties would be similar under PR and the alternative vote to the current FPTP. I conclude by discussing Indonesia's electoral rules as a possible solution for Myanmar. The general theoretic contribution is that, although past scholars have generally argued that FPTP is bad for ethnically divided societies, their mechanisms are incorrect for ethno-geographically segregated societies.
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McCracken, Damian John. "Tailor-Made for Canada." Federalism-E 21, no. 2 (2020): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/fede.v21i2.14074.
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While reform of Canada's electoral system has not yet occurred, it has been an ever-present, ever-potent topic in Canadian political science since the middle of the 20th Century. While there are aspects of First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) to be admired, its fundamental flaws cannot be ignored; the system encourages parties to exacerbate sectionalism, leaves far too many voters unrepresented, and too often allows for uncooperative governments. Mixed-Member Proportional (MMP), a form of Proportional Representation (PR), possesses the best aspect of FPTP, local representation and accountability, and amends its most serious flaws. MMP represents all votes cast, attenuates sectionalism, and creates diverse legislatures that incentivize cross-party cooperation far more than FPTP does currently. Canada is nearly a perfect country for MMP, and this system should be implemented for our federal elections.
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Lihiru, Victoria Melkisedeck. "Domestic and international law contradictions in Zimbabwe's gender quota system." African Human Rights Law Journal 24, no. 1 (2024): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2024/v24n1a6.
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In 2013 Zimbabwe adopted a gender quota system for the National Assembly. However, the quota system is set at 30 per cent, contrary to international law obligations domesticated under section 17 of the 2013 Zimbabwean Constitution, which requires women to constitute at least half of all elected and nominated positions of power. While the Constitution further allows women to compete for first-past-the-post (FPTP) parliamentary seats, there are neither constitutional measures to ensure that women win FPTP seats, nor mechanisms to transition women from quota seats to FPTP seats. While the gender quota and FPTP constituency seats have increased the number of women in Parliament, they have decreased the number of women nominated and elected for FPTP seats. The quota parliamentarians are not voted by the electorate, lack a link to constituencies, and are not entitled to constituency funds. Each political party applies discretion in the nomination of women for quota seats, exposing them to exploitation and corruption. This negatively affects the quality of quota parliamentarians and, in turn, their transition to constituency seats. The article suggests that Zimbabwe extend the proportional representation electoral system and Zebra system applicable in the election of senators to the election of members of parliament. This will facilitate the alignment of Zimbabwe's political representation gender equality commitments with its constitutional and international law obligations.
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Septian, Ilham Fajar, and Muldan Halim Pratama. "PROSPEK PENERAPAN SISTEM DISTRIK THE FIRST PAST THE POST DALAM PEMILIHAN UMUM DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS DEMOKRASI INDONESIA." Majalah Hukum Nasional 49, no. 1 (2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/mhn.v49i1.91.
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Pemilihan umum (pemilu) adalah bagian yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan demokrasi. Dalam menjalankan pemilu tersebut, dibutuhkan sistem pemilu yang menunjang berjalannya demokrasi dan sesuai dengan karakteristik negara tersebut. Indonesia saat ini menerapkan sistem pemilu proporsional daftar PR terbuka. Sistem proporsional ini diberlakukan semenjak Indonesia merdeka yang telah diwariskan Belanda. Akan tetapi, dalam pelaksanaanya hingga saat ini, sistem ini dikritik karena berbagai alasan, utamanya dalam membangun relasi antara wakil dan konstituennya. Oleh karena hal tersebut, sejak reformasi, aspirasi-aspirasi untuk menerapkan sistem distrik the first past the post (FPTP) sudah digaungkan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas bagaimana prospek penerapan sistem tersebut di Indonesia dan dampaknya bagi kualitas demokrasi Indonesia jika diterapkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pendekatan yuridis normatif, komparatif, dan deskriptif analitis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, ditemukan kesimpulan bahwa sistem FPTP mempunyai prospek untuk diterapkan dalam Pemilu Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat di Indonesia karena mampu menyelesaikan masalah-masalah perwakilan yang ada. Selain itu, dampak terhadap kualitas demokrasi Indonesia dari sistem ini adalah berdampak positif berupa meningkatkan relasi antara wakil dan konstituennya, tetapi juga bisa berdampak negatif berupa tidak terwakilinya suara-suara masyarakat dalam distrik yang memilih partai dengan sedikit basis dukungan dalam daerah tersebut.
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Amrit, Kumar Shrestha, Prasad Phuyel Shyam, and Kumar Poudel Kamal. "Vote Shifting Patterns: Comparative Cases from the Constituent Assembly Elections in Nepal." Journal of Social and Political Sciences 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.03.01.141.
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As the literature on electoral politics reveals, vote shifting is one of the most politically sensitive issues. This article focuses on the vote shifting pattern of electoral politics of Nepal. It is based on the secondary data from the first and the next Constituent Assembly (CA) elections held in 2008 and 2013 respectively, published by the Election Commission of Nepal. It aligns with the mixed of quantitative and qualitative approaches. It is limited to the data that belong to the first-past-the-post (FPTP) electoral system covering 240 constituencies and party-wise vote shifting pattern. The results show that a higher vote shifting pattern was marked in the 2013 CA election in comparison to the 2008 CA election. The results also show that the Nepalese voters show a cyclic tendency towards electing a new political power at the cost of the traditional one(s) as their political aspirations are not achieved.
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Hussain, Akhtar, Sikandar Hussain Soomro, and Zohra Khatoon. "Building a Case for Reforming the Electoral System of Pakistan." Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) 2, no. 1 (2020): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol2.iss1.49.
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Electoral systems are set of rules and procedures which determine how voters cast their votes and how the votes are converted into representative seats. Beyond this, each electoral system has its own impact on how the political system functions. From this perspective, the author has tested the discontents of the Pakistani electoral system, the first-past-the-post (FPTP) taking the election data of 2002, 2008, 2013 and 2018. The research finding showed that the FPTP electoral system is ill devised to the Pakistan’s current needs and realities. In view of such discontents, there is a genuine concern of reforming the Pakistan electoral system. The question remains, however, which electoral system best suits the Pakistani situation from the bulk of alternatives? The current paper is an attempt to build a case for introducing reforms with a focus on how to translate the votes into seats in a more representative way. For this purpose the article in its first part deals with the problems the FPTP is having in translatingthe votes into seats. In the second part data from the last four general elections are analysed to show how some of the parties having more votes and less seats and vice versa. Building the argument on this analysis the recent concerns shown by the politicians and critics of the present system are supported to build a strong case for the decision makers to bring in such changes in the system where minimum of the votes are wasted so that a true representative democracy is established in Pakistan.
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Jadhav, Vivek. "Dual Problem of FPTP Electoral Systems: Evidence from the Indian States." Indian Public Policy Review 2, no. 5 (Sep-Oct) (2021): 34–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55763/ippr.2021.02.05.002.
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 Democracy across the world has witnessed the evolution of the electoral system. First-Past-The-Post (FPTP), practiced in India has certain disadvantages in terms of disproportionate representation. This paper aims to construct the Gallagher Index, Gini Coefficient, and Generalized Entropy Index to measure and analyse the political concentration and inefficiency that characterise such disproportionate representation. The Gallagher Index measures the disproportionality between seat share and vote share; as it captures the disproportionality between votes received and seats won in the house. This can be viewed as a measure of inefficiency in representing the population, inasmuch as parties with a low vote share can have a high seat share. In other words, even though voters are not preferring the particular party or set of parties, these parties can still get enough seats to govern the particular state. Further, this paper tries to build the association between inefficient representation and concentration of power. We show that the high level of inefficiency in representation observed in the Indian State Assemblies is associated with the concentration of power at the state government level. We suggest that since FPTP in Indian democracy is associated with the dual problems of inefficiency and concentration, alternatives to FPTP should be considered.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "First Past the Post (FPTP)"
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Warioba, Isabela Moses. "The first-past-the-post electoral system versus proportional representation in Africa : a comparative analysis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18651.
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Most African states emerged from shadows and made a transition from mono-party, one-person and military rule towards political pluralism and multi-party democratic governance in 1990s. One of the key ingredients of this transformation is the holding of regular elections and electoral systems that undergird the electoral process itself.
However still, most African states practice what is referred to as shallow democracy as opposed to deeper democracy that requires full participation of citizens and accountability. Shallow democracy is the democracy that has not made any positive impacts to the ordinary people despite the radical changes to the constitution and expansion of part activity.<br>Prepared under the supervision of Mr Paulo Comoane at the Faculty of Law, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique<br>Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>http://www.chr.up.ac.za/<br>nf2012<br>Centre for Human Rights<br>LLM
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Blau, Adrian. "Seats-votes relationships in British general elections, 1955-1997." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273096.
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Hýblová, Jitka. "Volby do Dolní sněmovny Parlamentu Spojeného království." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344481.
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General Election to the House of Commons Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze the electoral process of general elections to the House of Commons of the British Parliament. The text analyzes the problematics of the two basic questions. The first question is, in regards to the scope, more comprehensive, and it is an analysis of the aforementioned general elections. The second area of the matters relates closely to the first area and concerns the referendum on changing the electoral system in 2011. The text is logically structured into four chapters, which are usually further divided into subsections. The first chapter is devoted purely to the British Parliament in general, spanning from their historical origins to today's modern appearance. It also includes a brief specification of both of the Houses, including their composition and a scope of work. The second chapter is discussing the matter of general elections, the introduction to this chapter is devoted to applied electoral system. This system is based on the principle of "first past the post", which belongs to the "family" of majority electoral systems. The specifics of the application of the system are mentioned, pointing out the benefits and so-called system errors that the system entails. Next subsection discusses the systematics of election...
Books on the topic "First Past the Post (FPTP)"
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First Past The Post Campaign. and Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union., eds. Raising the standard: The case for first past the post. FPTP Campaign, 1998.
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Jamadar, Peter A. The mechanics of democracy: Proportional representation vs. first-past-the-post. Inprint Caribbean, 1989.
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1949-, Phillips Brian, ed. First past the post: An anthology of New Zealand racing stories. Random House New Zealand, 2000.
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Linton, Martin. Labour's road to electoral reform: What's wrong with first-past-the-post? Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform, 1993.
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Milner, Henry. first past the post?: Progress report on electoral reform initiatives in Canadian provinces. IRPP, 2004.
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1947-, Blais André, ed. To keep or to change first past the post?: The politics of electoral reform. Oxford University Press, 2008.
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Harland, James M. Ethnic Identity and the Archaeology of the Aduentus Saxonum. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729314.
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For centuries, archaeologists have excavated the soils of Britain to uncover finds from the early medieval past. These finds have been used to reconstruct the alleged communities, migration patterns, and expressions of identity of coherent groups who can be regarded as ethnic ‘Anglo-Saxons’. Even in the modern day, when social constructionism has been largely accepted by scholars, this paradigm still persists. This book challenges the ethnic paradigm. As the first historiographical study of approaches to ethnic identity in modern ‘Anglo-Saxon’ archaeology, it reveals these approaches to be incompatible with current scholarly understandings of ethnicity. Drawing upon post-structuralist approaches to self and community, it highlights the empirical difficulties the archaeology of ethnicity in early medieval Britain faces, and proposes steps toward an alternative understanding of the role played by the communities of lowland Britain – both migrants from across the North Sea and those already present – in transforming the Roman world.
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Kornicki, Peter, Anthony Best, Hugh Cortazzi, Peter Kornicki, Antony Best, and Hugh Cortazzi. British Royal and Japanese Imperial Relations, 1868-2018. Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823865.
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This new scholarly study examines the history of the relations between the British and Japanese monarchies over the past 150 years. Complemented by a significant plate section which includes a number of rarely seen images, as well as a chronology of royal/imperial visits and extensive bibliography, British Royal and Japanese Imperial Relations, 1868-2018, will become a benchmark reference on the subject. The volume is divided into three sections. Part I, by Peter Kornicki, examines the ‘royals and imperials’ history during the Meiji era; Part II, by Antony Best, examines the first half of the twentieth century; Part III, by Sir Hugh Cortazzi, focuses on the post-war history up to the present day. Published in association with the Japan Society, its appearance marks the abdication of Emperor Akihito and the enthronement of Crown Prince Naruhito in May 2019. It is also a memorial volume to the late Sir Hugh Cortazzi who died in August 2018, shortly after completing his own contribution to the volume.
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van Gerven Oei, Vincent W. J., Angelika Jakobi, and Giovanni Ruffini, eds. Dotawo. punctum books, 2014. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0071.1.00.
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Nubian studies needs a platform in which the old meets the new, in which archaeological, papyrological, and philological research into Meroitic, Old Nubian, Coptic, Greek, and Arabic sources confront current investigations in modern anthropology and ethnography, Nilo-Saharan linguistics, and critical and theoretical approaches present in post-colonial and African studies. The journal Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies brings these disparate fields together within the same fold, opening a cross-cultural and diachronic field where divergent approaches meet on common soil. Dotawo gives a common home to the past, present, and future of one of the richest areas of research in African studies. It offers a crossroads where papyrus can meet internet, scribes meet critical thinkers, and the promises of growing nations meet the accomplishments of old kingdoms. This first volume of Dotawo is the outcome of a Nubian panel within the Nilo-Saharan Linguistics Colloquium held at the University of Cologne, May 22-4, 2013. Organized by Angelika Jakobi, the Nubian panel was attended both by specialists of the modern Nubian languages and scholars working on medieval Nubia and its languages, particularly Old Nubian. We are indebted to the Fritz Thyssen Foundation at Cologne for generously sponsoring the organization of the Nubian panel and the invitation of the participants.
Book chapters on the topic "First Past the Post (FPTP)"
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Backhouse, Roland. "First-Past-the-Post Games." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31113-0_9.
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Farrell, David M. "The First Past the Post Electoral System." In Comparing Electoral Systems. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15009-0_2.
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Mackenzie, W. J. M. "The ‘First past the post’ system and its Variants." In Free Elections. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003492061-9.
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Tao, Dawei, Enqi Liu, Sidath Randeni Kadupitige, Michael Cahill, Alan Fekete, and Uwe Röhm. "First Past the Post: Evaluating Query Optimization in MongoDB." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1242-0_8.
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Curtice, John. "Neither Representative nor Accountable: First-Past-the-Post in Britain." In Duverger's Law of Plurality Voting. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09720-6_3.
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Pfoser, Alena. "Travelling Across a Post-imperial Space." In Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83738-8_3.
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Abstract This chapter outlines the specific transnational context in which memory-making in Russian tourism unfolds, based on the idea of the post-Soviet space as a ‘post-imperial space’. The notion of a post-imperial space is used for several reasons. First, it centres the attention on Russia’s historical status as an empire and its relation to its former territories, allowing a close examination of the role of the past in the present. Second, the notion of a post-imperial space is based on a longue durée perspective that includes the history of the Russian empire alongside the Soviet Union, a past that is significant for Russian tourism. Finally, the idea of a post-imperial space allows for comparison with other post-imperial spaces and mobilities and enables us to see similarities and differences. After an introduction of the idea of post-imperial space, the chapter provides an overview of Russia’s history as an empire and the relation between empire and tourism. It subsequently discusses variations in (post-)imperial relations and the development of tourism industries, focusing on Estonia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, that is, the three countries that form the case studies examined in the book.
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Schulz, Christian. "Economic Geographies of Post-Growth." In Knowledge and Space. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76841-5_9.
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Abstract Over the past decade, postgrowth/degrowth debates have seen an increasing uptake in research on regional (economic) development. Against this backdrop, this contribution aims at discussing their ontological, conceptual, and methodological implications for economic geography and beyond. It first situates growth-criticism in the broader context of social and spatial inequalities, food crises, climate change, and environmental justice, before assessing its potential ramifications on prevailing theories, models, and methodological perspectives. Taking two key concepts as illustrative examples (Regional Innovation Systems—RIS, and Global Production Networks—GPN), it examines how economic geography implicitly adheres to prevailing growth imperatives. Introducing the notions of the Foundational Economy as well as the Economy for the Common Good, the article finally discusses how economic geography can conceptually engage with the challenges of a socio-ecological transition and the prospects of a postgrowth-oriented future.
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Troschke, Hagen. "Demands for a Clean Break with the Nazi Past." In Postdisciplinary Studies in Discourse. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49238-9_17.
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Abstract“Demands for closure,” “drawing a line under” or a “clean break” (Schlussstrich) from the Nazi past are a constitutive mode of post-Holocaust antisemitism. They were and are used to express the wish that the remembrance of the Holocaust should be ended, the confrontation with (Nazi) antisemitism discontinued and payments to the victims stopped. Demands related to the Holocaust are a phenomenon that is particularly widespread in Germany and Austria, the countries from which the Holocaust originated and where the main responsibility lies. Furthermore, such demands are found primarily in discourses of societies in which co-responsibility was accepted in the first place and where a corresponding sense of complicity is felt. In a German context, they first aimed at a legal and moral exoneration of the perpetrators and of Nazi society in general. After the phase of repressing Nazi crimes was gradually followed by confronting them, the advocates of a clean break have been making further demands. They claim that remembering historical crimes or taking responsibility for them imposes a significant and unjustified restriction upon the development of national identity, as well as potentially the personal development of individuals within that society.
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Venizelos, Giorgos. "(Anti-)Populism and Post-truth." In Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64178-7_4.
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Abstract‘Post-truth populism’ has received a prominent role in public and expert discourse over the past decade, gaining a further boost since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conventional narratives reveal three overarching assumptions about this ‘new political phenomenon’: (a) that it opposes truth, facts and evidence; (b) that it is profoundly emotional rather than rational; and (c) that it constitutes a threat to science. However, such a framing of ‘post-truth populism’ oversimplifies its complex and multifaceted nature. This chapter argues that the discursive construction of ‘post-truth populism’ is facilitated by the automatic adoption of an anti-populist perspective as a default point of departure in any discussion about populism. Despite widespread research on populism and post-truth, scholarly attention remains overly focused on the causes, and the consequences this phenomenon has on polity, policy and politics. As such, the role ‘post-truth populism’ plays as a signifier in public discourse is largely unexplored. Adopting a critical ethos, this chapter shifts the focus towards the language games surrounding it. Stressing the pivotal role of dominant socio-epistemic structures in constructing knowledge and truth as objective, it highlights the role political elites, experts and pundits play in post-truth politics. This chapter concludes that more attention and reflexivity is required when talking about ‘post-truth populism’, in that the wide and uncritical use of the term, and its a priori association with fake news, mis-/dis-information, anti-vax movements and the like, has both theoretical and socio-political implications. First, the elitism apparent in dominant discourse fails to capture why expert authorities are faced with backlash while conspiracies become popular—even against scientific evidence. Secondly, reactionary forms of anti-democratic and illiberal politics are disguised under the notion of ‘populist’ that functions as a euphemism.
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O’Shea, Paul. "Politics of Recognition: Heroes, Victims and the Contest over History in Post-Suharto Indonesia." In Trajectories of Memory. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1995-6_10.
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AbstractThe concepts of pahlawan (hero) and korban (victim) are central to the contest over history in post-Suharto Indonesia. The first of these concepts, pahlawan, is derived from the Persian term pahlavan meaning ‘champion’. While neither the Indonesian nor the Persian term is exclusively limited to use in the context of military action, the associated connotations of strength and bravery tend to foreground a militaristic conception of heroism at the expense of contributions in other fields. In Indonesia, the state has historically been one of the key promoters of this militaristic conception of heroism. Indeed, by establishing days of commemoration such as Hari Pahlawan (Heroes Day) and official titles such as Pahlawan Nasional (National Hero), the state has ensured that the concept of the hero who defends Indonesia from internal or external threats to its security has remained a conspicuous feature of official discourse about the nation’s past.
Conference papers on the topic "First Past the Post (FPTP)"
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Jain, Bhavya, and Harish Kumar Mittal. "Post-Quantum Cryptography: A Comprehensive Review of Past Technologies and Current Advances." In 2025 First Global Conference on AI Research and Emerging Developments. Ganitara Research Foundation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63169/gcared2025.p52.
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Moravcova, Vendula, Jana Moravcova, Denisa Pekna, and Vaclav Bystricky. "THE ISSUE OF BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN CITIES IN THE PAST AND TODAY." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/6.2/s26.47.
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Cities in the Czech Republic and nearby Central Europe usually have a very long tradition. This post shows changes in the long run in the scope and function of green and water areas in selected municipalities. Most of the cities in the region were founded in the Middle Ages, from the 10th to the 13th century. At this time, the issue of water and green cities was directed purely at the utility function of drinking water and food supply. The exception at this time was only the gardens of noble and tin buildings. Over time, the towns focused more on public greenery and water infrastructure for ornamental and recreational purposes. This phenomenon was most significant during the time of the Austria-Hungarian monarchy, from the mid-19th century to the First World War. The post-war period was marked by the return to utilitarian values of public space, and the blue-green infrastructure was again pushed to the edge of interest. Municipalities are resorted to the restoration or creation of new areas of green and water elements in connection with climate change.
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Parker, Mary Jo. "A STEM Model Encouraging Post-Baccalaureate Pathways for First Generation, Underrepresented Undergraduates." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9461.
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The University of Houston-Downtown supports a STEM program, Scholars Academy (SA) within the College of Sciences and Technology dedicated to enhancing, preparing, and enlightening minority, underrepresented, and first-generation majors seeking entrance into workforce, graduate, and professional programs of preparation. Over the past 18 years the University of Houston-Downtown Scholars Academy has implemented a series of success components supporting the nurturance of post-baccalaureate graduate and professional pursuit yielding a 51% acceptance rate into medical school, over 68 professional degrees (ranging from MD to DO to DDS and DPharm) earned by alumni, over 20 PhD degrees, and over 900 minority/underrepresented undergraduates moving into professional/graduate fields. Briefly, STEM success components consist of 1) Freshman Ramp Up support; 2) Academic Skill Monitoring; 3) Mentoring, peer to peer and PhD to undergraduate; 4) Career and Research Skill Development support; and finally 5) Leadership Development through Community Engagement support.
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Ševček, Tomáš. "The Fractional-Order Goodwin Accelerator Model." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.476-486.
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The accelerator model proposed by Goodwin in 1951 is one of the pioneering nonlinear mathematical models of the business cycle. It has been studied in three different mathematical formulations, namely as a first-order delay differential equation, as a second-order ordinary differential equation and as a dynamical system of two first-order ordinary differential equations. All these formulations exhibit chaotic behavior. In this article, we analyze a fractionalorder dynamical system of a specific form of the generalized dynamical system originating from the Goodwin accelerator model. We examine the steady-state stability of the commensurate as well as the incommensurate nonperturbed system. Subsequently, a numerical analysis of both the perturbed and the nonperturbed fractional-order system is conducted. Our main finding is that the incorporation of memory (or expectations) in the model can lead to local asymptotic stability of its equilibria and to less chaotic behavior. This can prove beneficial in modeling economic phenomena which are heavily dependent upon their past states.
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Batarseh, Sameeh I., Damian P. San Roman Alerigi, Scott Marshall, and Ramona Graves. "First Industrial High-Power Laser Perforation Deployment." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215016-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents the industry's first high-power laser field perforation and deployment—a successful high-power laser technology application. The innovative technology could perforate a well without affecting the substrate integrity and damage. The technology is safe, efficient, and cost-effective, providing a long-term alternative to shaped charge guns. High-power laser technology has been tested and proven to effectively perforate in all rocks, regardless of strength and composition, including carbonate, shale, sandstones, and others. The success of the past two decades of intensive research has led to the development of the first high-power laser field system. The system's design is enclosed, providing safe and environmentally friendly operation; it consists of a laser energy generator, nitrogen tank, coiled tubing, and tool. The device's function is to control the size and shape of the beam that focuses on the targeted formation. The perforation process is done by utilizing the power of a laser to melt, spall, or vaporize the formation. The laser perforation tool can perforate through the casing, cementing into the formation. The technology was deployed in a cased well. The well is logged pre- and post-laser perforation, and the coiled tubing is used to connect the fiber optics cable with the optical bottom hole assembly (oBHA). The tool can perform multiple perforations in a single trip, with the azimuthal orientation controlled by rotating the head of the device. Laser perforation creates a nondamaging controlled perforation tunnel penetrating casing, cement, and formation, and it is stress independent.
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Suvorova, A. N., L. A. Savelieva, E. D. Fomicheva, and G. B. Fedorov. "The first results of pollen analysis from the bottom sediments of Lake Krasnoe at the transition between the Late Pleistocene and Holocene." In Всероссийская конференция и полевой симпозиум. ФИЦ КНЦ РАН, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/978.5.91137.520.1.024.
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Lake Krasnoe sediment record has very high potential for detailed Late glacial and Holocene vegetation reconstruction due to significant thickness (23.8 m) and high sedimentation rate. The transition period from Late glacial to Post glacial environmental conditions is very important for the past environmental dynamic understanding and future climatic and vegetation changes forecasting. We present first results of high-resolution spore-pollen analysis of Late glacial and Early Holocene Lake Krasnoe sediments. General patterns of spore-pollen assemblages changes correlate well with previously obtained data from Lake Krasnoe area. Nevertheless, there are also significant differences mostly detected for the Younger Dryas.
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Classen, Albrecht. "The Deep Impact of the Middle Ages on the Post-Modern World." In 8th World Conference on Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences and Education. Eurasia Conferences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62422/978-81-981590-2-1-023.
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This talk will examine the huge influence of medieval literature, history, and the arts on the modern world and argue for a much more open perspective toward cultural history. Even though we are now in the twenty-first century, this does not mean at all that the past has lost in relevance. In fact, both popular culture and academic research have demonstrated that the Middle Ages in its endless manifestations continue to exert a huge influence on us. On the one hand, there is the popular interest in castles, tournaments, armors, weapons, etc., which has had a huge influence on modern movies, graphic novels, video games, etc. On the other, research has demonstrated that many of the ideas or concepts developed in the Middle Ages continue to have a deep impact on us and might well be pilot lights for us in an ever darker world today without directions, ethical and moral ideals, or spiritual orientation. Notions such as happiness, friendship, love, God, nature, or honor were fundamentally developed in the Middle Ages, and we can easily recognize their unchanging value for us today.
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Matviienko-Biliaieva, Galyna. "THE IMPORTANCE OF DIGITIZATION IN THE POST-WAR RECOVERY OF THE ECONOMY." In Innovative Solutions for Managing the Economy in an International Crisis Scenario. Oikos Institute – Research Center, Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61432/cpne0101042m.
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Ukraine has made significant progress in developing digital technologies in recent years, with an average of 289% improvement in Internet access in all regions over the past decade. However, Russia’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine is causing severe problems in this area. There is also a digital divide in providing regions of Ukraine with Internet access. As a result of the conflict in Ukraine, attention has been drawn to the need for digital identification solutions: displaced persons often lose access to their physical documents. At the same time, there is an urgent need to confirm their identification data in host countries. If the war continues, the focus must be on keeping businesses and citizens connected to the Internet and modernizing the communications and infrastructure of public services. Digital technologies should become a critical factor in Ukraine’s post-war recovery. The study aims to analyze the characteristics of digitalization in terms of infrastructure, public services, and the digital economy. Thus, the study confirms that the reduction in the level of digital inequality has a high correlation with the growth of digitalization. In addition, the development of the level of digitalization is directly proportional to the efficiency of the IT industry. Thus, the IT sector in the first quarter of 2022 provided export revenue of 2 billion US dollars, which is 28% more compared to the previous year. The war caused significant disruptions to the sector, but increased international attention could open substantial opportunities for future development.
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TAKAHASHI, Toru, Ana DAMASCHIN, Andra –. Stefanica GROSU, Nitin HINGARH, and Seiko ADACHI. "THE GLOBAL WORLD AFTER CRISIS TOWARD NEW ECONOMIC AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODELS. KYUDO - KEY CONCEPT OF GROWTH STRATEGY IN JAPANESE SOCIETY." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/03.19.
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Today it is too early to know precisely how much the post-COVID-19 world will be different from what it was in the past, but some important lessons have already become apparent. First, the pandemic has reminded us how much we need to address persistent structural problems facing the entire world. Second, today's pandemic crisis has shown that we must build back better. The 2021 can be the year of transition, and individuals, businesses, and society need to start shaping their futures rather than just grinding through the present. Enterprises have spent much of the past nine months struggling to adapt to extraordinary circumstances, but the next normal is likely to be different. It will not imply going back to the conditions that prevailed in 2019. Indeed, just as the terms "pre-war" and "post-war" are commonly used to describe the 20th century, generations to come will likely discuss the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 eras. This paper discusses some business and leadership trends that will shape the next normal by using KYUDO (Japanese archery) as a key concept of growth strategy. The authors attempt to synthesize how society changed forever due to the COVID-19 crisis from a social point of view and why Kyudo can be considered a new successful business strategy.
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McDonald, Rosa, Claire Craven, Sara Queen, and Allison Grubbs. "Building a Culture of Wellness and Empathy in First Year Studio: Approaches and Outcomes of a Mental Health-Informed Design Curriculum." In 113th Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.113.59.
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Design students are struggling to balance the demands of design education with the uncertain and consistently-changing life stressors imposed by today’s world. Post-pandemic, mental health challenges within undergraduate architecture programs have resulted in decreased performance, a less positive student experience, and, tragically, instances of self-harm. Despite evidence that college students majoring in design may be at risk of depression due to extensive sedentary behavior and the significant amount of time spent on school assignments, our design culture has not proactively centered mental health and wellness to the extent necessary to support and protect our students. Collectively these issues strain student-faculty relationships, creating learning environments that make it more difficult for students to grow and develop. This paper unpacks changes made to a first-year funda¬mentals design curriculum over the past three years which intentionally shifted to address holistic student development. Outlining the integration of wellness and emotional literacy into freshmen core curriculum, successes and additional opportunities for continued development are identified.
Reports on the topic "First Past the Post (FPTP)"
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Wong, Chin Huat. Does first-past-the-post still work for Malaysian politics? East Asia Forum, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1696024840.
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Brunori, Paolo, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, and Guido Neidhöfer. Inequality of Opportunity and Intergenerational Persistence in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005207.
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How strong is the transmission of socio-economic status across generations in Latin America? To answer this question, we first review the empirical literature on intergenerational mobility and inequality of opportunity for the region, summarizing results for both income and educational outcomes. We find that, whereas the income mobility literature is hampered by a paucity of representative datasets containing linked information on parents and children, the inequality of opportunity approach which relies on other inherited and pre-determined circumstance variables has suffered from arbitrariness in the choice of population partitions. Two new data-driven approaches one aligned with the ex-ante and the other with the ex-post conception of inequality of opportunity are introduced to address this shortcoming. They yield a set of new inequality of opportunity estimates for twenty-seven surveys covering nine Latin American countries over various years between 2000 and 2015. In most cases, more than half of the current generations inequality is inherited from the past with a range between 44% and 63%. We argue that on balance, given the parsimony of the population partitions, these are still likely to be underestimates.
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Revina, Shintia, Rezanti Putri Pramana, Rizki Fillaili, and Daniel Suryadarma. Systemic Constraints Facing Teacher Professional Development in a Middle-Income Country: Indonesia’s Experience Over Four Decades. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/054.
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Despite government efforts to reform teacher professional development (TPD) in the past four decades, Indonesian teacher quality remains low. Why have the improvement efforts failed? In the present study we investigate what caused these reforms to fail from two angles. First, we examine the efficacy of the latest teacher professional development (TPD) initiative in Indonesia, Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan or PKB (Continuing Professional Development), and identify the factors affecting its efficacy. We found that some essential features of effective TPD are missing in PKB. The PKB programme has not targeted teachers based on years of experience, has not followed up teachers with post-training activities, has not incorporated teaching practice through lesson enactment, and has not built upon teacher existing practice. Second, our analysis demonstrates that PKB's weaknesses have existed in Indonesia's previous TPD initiatives as far back as four decades ago. This indicates that the long-term problem of TPD’s ineffectiveness is driven by different elements of the education system beyond the TPD’s technical and operational aspects. Our system-level analysis points out that merely improving the technical aspects of TPD would be insufficient given the Indonesian education system’s lack of coherence surrounding teacher quality. The problems surrounding the provision of effective TPD is more complex than simply a matter of replacing the “old” with the “new” initiative. The change requires a reorientation of the education system to produce high-quality teachers.
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Revina, Shintia, Rezanti Putri Pramana, Rizki Fillaili, and Daniel Suryadarma. Systemic Constraints Facing Teacher Professional Developmentin a Middle-Income Country: Indonesia’s Experience Over Four Decades. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsgrisewp_2020/054.
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Despite government efforts to reform teacher professional development (TPD) in the past four decades, Indonesian teacher quality remains low. Why have the improvement efforts failed? In the present study we investigate what caused these reforms to fail from two angles. First, we examine the efficacy of the latest teacher professional development (TPD) initiative in Indonesia, Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan or PKB (Continuing Professional Development), and identify the factors affecting its efficacy. We found that some essential features of effective TPD are missing in PKB. The PKB programme has not targeted teachers based on years of experience, has not followed up teachers with post-training activities, has not incorporated teaching practice through lesson enactment, and has not built upon teacher existing practice. Second, our analysis demonstrates that PKB's weaknesses have existed in Indonesia's previous TPD initiatives as far back as four decades ago. This indicates that the long-term problem of TPD’s ineffectiveness is driven by different elements of the education system beyond the TPD’s technical and operational aspects. Our system-level analysis points out that merely improving the technical aspects of TPD would be insufficient given the Indonesian education system’s lack of coherence surrounding teacher quality. The problems surrounding the provision of effective TPD is more complex than simply a matter of replacing the “old” with the “new” initiative. The change requires a reorientation of the education system to produce high-quality teachers.
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Kemoklidze, Nino. Proportional Representation: Implications for Georgia. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.111.
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In a process that spanned over three years, Georgia adopted some important changes to its constitution that is meant to complete the country’s transition from a “semi-presidential to a parliamentary system of governance” (Civil.ge, 17 Dec. 2018). In the last 2020 parliamentary elections, Georgia’s current (revised) electoral mixed system was already the most proportional the country had seen in three decades (Bogishvili, 2020). 120 Members of Parliament (MPs) were elected proportionally by a party list (previously the number was 77) and the remaining 30 were single mandate (majoritarian) MPs elected by the ‘first-past-the-post’ rule (previous number was 73) (Bogishvili, 2020; OSCE, 2021, p.6). However, in the next parliamentary elections, due to take place in 2024, Georgia is meant to move to a fully proportional system (Civil.ge, 17 Dec. 2018). This rapid review explores some of the questions surrounding proportional representation in Georgia. In particular, what do these constitutional changes mean for Georgia? What might be some of the implications of Georgia’s move to proportional representation in 2024 and how might this affect governance? The report examines some of the main aspects of these constitutional changes during 2017-20 and puts them in context. It outlines some of the main discussions in Georgia concerning opportunities and challenges often associated with proportional representation and highlights some of the main points that emerge from these discussions on the future dynamics of governance in Georgia. Material summarised in this report is based on a mixture of (online) newspaper articles, government and other reports, and policy, and practitioner-based literature.
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Funk, Steffen, and Christian Möllmann. Monitoring winter spawning activity of Western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) (2021-25), Cruise No. AL606, January 22nd – January 30th 2024, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany), Winter cod 2021-25. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al606.
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This cruise was the fourth out of five proposed cruises in the framework of the winter cod 2021- 25 cruises of the IMF, which aim to investigate the early winter spawning activity of Western Baltic cod. For this purpose, ichthyoplankton samples and cod samples were taken on a pre-defined station grid. Cod samples were used to investigate maturity stages and condition of adult cod. Plankton samples were analysed with a focus on the occurrence of cod eggs and larvae. The data will be used to identify whether there is a shift towards earlier spawning activities of Western Baltic cod and how spawning activity differs spatially between parts of the Belt Sea. During the cruise AL606 spawning cod were found in the Kiel Bight, the Mecklenburg Bight, and the Fehmarn Belt. First analyses of BONGO-net samples revealed no occurrence of cod larvae in the sampling area during this year’s January cruise 2024. This absence of cod larvae might be a result of the relatively harsh and cold winter of 2023/24 and an associated delay in the maturation and spawning of western Baltic cod compared to the warmer previous years 2021-2023. The observation of fewer larvae of other fish species (e.g., plaice) compared to previous years supports this hypothesis. However, especially the observation of spawning and post-spawning cod in the Mecklenburg Bight during AL606 provided further evidence for the hypothesised temporal shift in spawning phenology towards an earlier onset than described in the past. (Alkor-Berichte ; AL606)
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Hammad, Ali, and Mohamed Moustafa. Seismic Behavior of Special Concentric Braced Frames under Short- and Long-Duration Ground Motions. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zont9308.
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Over the past decade, several long-duration subduction earthquakes took place in different locations around the world, e.g., Chile in 2010, Japan in 2011, China in 2008, and Indonesia in 2004. Recent research has revealed that long-duration, large-magnitude earthquakes may occur along the Cascadia subduction zone of the Pacific Northwest Coast of the U.S. The duration of an earthquake often affects the response of structures. Current seismic design specifications mostly use response spectra to identify the hazard and do not consider duration effects. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of the duration of the ground motion on structural performance and its design implications is an important issue. The goal of this study was to investigate how the duration of an earthquake affects the structural response of special concentric braced frames (SCBFs). A comprehensive experimental program and detailed analytical investigations were conducted to understand and quantify the effect of duration on collapse capacity of SCBFs, with the goal of improving seismic design provisions by incorporating these effects. The experimental program included large-scale shake table tests, and the analytical program consisted of pre-test and post-test phases. The pre-test analysis phase performed a sensitivity analysis that used OpenSees models preliminarily calibrated against previous experimental results for different configuration of SCBFs. A tornado-diagram framework was used to rank the influence of the different modeling parameters, e.g., low-cycle fatigue, on the seismic response of SCBFs under short- and long-duration ground motions. Based on the results obtained from the experimental program, these models were revisited for further calibration and validation in the post-test analysis. The experimental program included three large-scale shake-table tests of identical single-story single-bay SCBF with a chevron-brace configuration tested under different ground motions. Two specimens were tested under a set of spectrally-matched short and long-duration ground motions. The third specimen was tested under another long-duration ground motion. All tests started with a 100% scale of the selected ground motions; testing continued with an ever-increasing ground-motion scale until failure occurred, e.g., until both braces ruptured. The shake table tests showed that the duration of the earthquake may lead to premature seismic failure or lower capacities, supporting the initiative to consider duration effects as part of the seismic design provisions. Identical frames failed at different displacements demands because of the damage accumulation associated with the earthquake duration, with about 40% reduction in the displacement capacity of the two specimens tested under long-duration earthquakes versus the short-duration one. Post-test analysis focused first on calibrating an OpenSees model to capture the experimental behavior of the test specimens. The calibration started by matching the initial stiffness and overall global response. Next, the low-cycle fatigue parameters were fine-tuned to properly capture the experimental local behavior, i.e., brace buckling and rupture. The post-test analysis showed that the input for the low-cycle fatigue models currently available in the literature does not reflect the observed experimental results. New values for the fatigue parameters are suggested herein based on the results of the three shake-table tests. The calibrated model was then used to conduct incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using 44 pairs of spectrally-matched short- and long-duration ground motions. To compare the effect of the duration of ground motion, this analysis aimed at incorporating ground-motion variability for more generalized observations and developing collapse fragility curves using different intensity measures (IMs). The difference in the median fragility was found to be 45% in the drift capacity at failure and about 10% in the spectral acceleration (Sa). Using regression analysis, the obtained drift capacity from analysis was found to be reduced by about 8% on average for every additional 10 sec in the duration of the ground motion. The last stage of this study extended the calibrated model to SCBF archetype buildings to study the effect of the duration of ground motion on full-sized structures. Two buildings were studied: a three-story and nine-story build that resembled the original SAC buildings but were modified with SCBFs as lateral support system instead of moment resisting frames. Two planer frames were adopted from the two buildings and used for the analysis. The same 44 spectrally-matched pairs previously used in post-test analysis were used to conduct nonlinear time history analysis and study the effect of duration. All the ground motions were scaled to two hazard levels for the deterministic time history analysis: 10% exceedance in 50 years and 2% exceedance in 50 years. All analysis results were interpreted in a comparative way to isolate the effect of duration, which was the main variable in the ground-motion pairs. In general, the results showed that the analyzed SCBFs experienced higher drift values under the long-duration suite of ground motions, and, in turn, a larger percentage of fractured braces under long-duration cases. The archetype SCBFs analysis provided similar conclusions on duration effects as the experimental and numerical results on the single-story single-bay frame.
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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.
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Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.