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Journal articles on the topic 'First responder training'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Waterhouse, Keith B. "Support First‐Responder Training at Closed Sites." Opflow 46, no. 5 (May 2020): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/opfl.1370.

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2

Herlinawati, Herlinawati, Indina Tarjiah, and Murti Kusuma Wirasti. "Blended Learning for Medical First Responder Training: Needs Analysis." Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran 54, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpp.v54i1.29221.

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The rapid development of technology demands a fast, easy, cheap, effective, and efficient system and can be accessed anytime and anywhere, including education and training. In the world of education, technological progress is marked by the number of people using the blended learning model. This study aims to obtain and collect information, data, and opinions from stakeholders and training participants at the Training Center of National Search and Rescue Agency to develop a blended learning model for Medical First Responder Training for responders. This study uses the Research and Development (RnD) method with the Integrative Learning Design Framework development model and the PEDATI development strategy. This research is limited only to the initial analysis stage, namely in the form of field studies and literature studies to determine the needs of the Medical First Responders Education and Training and the needs of students who will be the first steps in developing blended learning of MFR training for rescuers within the National Search and Rescue Agency. This study indicates that the National Search and Relief Education and Training Center needs an effective and efficient learning model, coupled with the training participants' responses indicating that they wish to have alternative learning sources. The results of this need analysis research can serve as the basis for the development of blended learning training in Medical First Responder.
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Berringer, Ross, Jim Christenson, Maurice Blitz, John Spinelli, Jeff Freeman, Glenn Maddess, and Sandra Rae. "Medical role of first responders in an urban prehospital setting." CJEM 1, no. 02 (July 1999): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500003742.

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ABSTRACT: Background: Almost all North American cities have first responder programs. To date there is no published documentation of the roles first responders play, nor of the frequency and type of interventions they perform. Many urban stakeholders question the utility and safety of routinely dispatching large vehicles emergently to calls that may not require their services. Real world data on first responder interventions will help emergency medical services (EMS) directors and planners determine manpower requirements, assess training needs, and optimize dispatch protocols to reduce the rate of inappropriate “code 3” (lights and siren) responses. Objective: Our objectives were to determine how often first responders arrive first on scene, to estimate the time interval between first response and EMS response, and to examine the frequency and type of interventions performed by first responders. Methods: In a prospective observational study, trained observers were assigned to fire department first responder (FDFR) units. These observers recorded on-scene times for FDFR and EMS units, and documented the performance of first responder interventions. Results: FDFRs arrived first on scene in 49% of code 3 calls. They performed critical interventions in 18% of calls attended and 36% of calls where they arrived first. Oxygen administration was the most frequent critical intervention, yet occult hypoxemia was common and compliance with oxygen administration protocols was poor. Conclusions: First responders perform critical interventions during a minority of code 3 calls, even when “critical” is defined generously. Many “lights and siren” dispatches are unnecessary. Future research should attempt to identify dispatch criteria that more accurately predict the need for first responder intervention. First responder training and continuous quality improvement (CQI) should focus on interventions that are performed with some regularity, particularly oxygen administration.
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Lee, Christopher W. C., Shelley L. McLeod, and Michael B. Peddle. "First Responder Accuracy Using SALT after Brief Initial Training." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15004975.

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AbstractBackgroundMass-casualty incidents (MCIs) present a unique challenge with regards to triage as patient volume often outweighs the number of available Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers. A possible strategy to optimize existing triage systems includes the use of other first responder groups, namely fire and police, to decrease the triage time during MCIs, allowing for more rapid initiation of life-saving treatment and prioritization of patient transport.HypothesisFirst-year primary care paramedic (PCP), fire, and police trainees can apply with similar accuracy an internationally recognized MCI triage tool, Sort, Assess, Life-saving interventions, Treatment/transport (SALT), immediately following a brief training session, and again three months later.MethodsAll students enrolled in the PCP, fire, and police foundation programs at two community colleges were invited to participate in a 30-minute didactic session on SALT. Immediately following this session, a 17-item, paper-based test was administered to assess the students’ ability to understand and apply SALT. Three months later, the same test was given to assess knowledge retention.ResultsOf the 464 trainees who completed the initial test, 364 (78.4%) completed the three month follow-up test. Initial test scores were higher (P<.05) for PCPs (87.0%) compared to fire (80.2%) and police (68.0%) trainees. The mean test score for all respondents was higher following the initial didactic session compared to the three month follow-up test (75% vs 64.7%; Δ 10.3%; 95% CI, 8.0%-12.6%). Three month test scores for PCPs (75.4%) were similar to fire (71.4%) students (Δ 4.0%; 95% CI, −2.1% to 10.1%). Both PCP and fire trainees significantly outperformed police (57.8%) trainees. Over-triage errors were the most common, followed by under-triage and then critical errors, for both the initial and follow-up tests.ConclusionsAmongst first responder trainees, PCPs were able to apply the SALT triage tool with the most accuracy, followed by fire, then police. Over-triage was the most frequent error, while critical errors were rare.LeeCWC, McLeodSL, PeddleMB. First responder accuracy using SALT after brief initial training. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):447–451.
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MARKENSON, DAVID, GEORGE FOLTIN, MICHAEL TUNIK, ARTHUR COOPER, MARSHA TREIBER, CHARLES WELBORN, JOHN CLAPPIN, ANNE FITTON, and LORRAINE GIORDANO. "Certified First Responder: A comprehensive model for pediatric training." Pediatric Emergency Care 13, no. 2 (April 1997): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199704000-00014.

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6

Mulyadi, Arif. "First Responder Emergency Training Dan Perilaku Petugas Satuan Pengamanan Dalam Penanganan Korban Kegawatdaruratan." Journal of Applied Nursing (Jurnal Keperawatan Terapan) 4, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31290/jkt.v(4)i(1)y(2018).page:6-13.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi pengaruh first responder emergency training terhadap perilaku yang meliputi pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan dari petugas satuan pengamanan dalam penanganan korban kegawatdaruratan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Pre-Experimental dengan pendekatan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Populasi adalah petugas Satpam di Kota Blitar dengan sampel sebanyak 30 responden, dengan teknik quota sampling. Untuk mengidentifikasi adanya pengaruh dilakukan analisis dengan uji Paired Sample T-Test dengan tingkat kemaknaan (p<0,05). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa first responder emergency training dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan petugas satuan pengamanan dalam penanganan korban kegawatdaruratan.
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Chaleepad, Supaluck, Tawatchai Impool, Somkid Lertsinudom, Witaya Chadbunchachai, and Shinji Nakahara. "First-responder training based on existing healthcare system in Thailand." Resuscitation 148 (March 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.12.028.

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Mecrow, Thomas, Aminur Rahman, and Nahida Nusrat. "Feasibility of developing a First Responder training course in rural Bangladesh." Resuscitation 83 (October 2012): e103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.08.267.

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Barilo, N. F., J. J. Hamilton, and S. C. Weiner. "First responder training: Supporting commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 11 (March 2017): 7536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.226.

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10

Love, Abigail M. A., Kirsten S. Railey, Marissa Phelps, Jonathan M. Campbell, Heidi A. Cooley-Cook, and R. Larry Taylor. "Preliminary evidence for a training improving first responder knowledge and confidence to work with individuals with Autism." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 11, no. 4 (June 26, 2020): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-04-2020-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate outcomes associated with a training designed to improve interactions between first responders and individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Design/methodology/approach Authors examined the responses of a group of first responders (N = 224) who completed a survey before and after a training to assess their (a) knowledge of ASD, (b) confidence for working with individuals with ASD, (c) comfort responding to a call and (d) ratings of the training they received. Findings Findings indicated first responders demonstrated more knowledge of ASD, increased confidence for working with individuals with ASD and improved comfort when responding to a call. Research limitations/implications This preliminary report serves as initial evidence of the importance of rigorous work examining trainings designed to improve interactions between first responders and individuals with ASD. Practical implications The results of this study justify continued rigorous research on the effectivness of ENACT, as a training designed to improve knowledge and comfort of first responders who work with individuals with ASD. Originality/value This study fills an identified need for research on trainings designed to educate first responders about ASD.
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Bury, Gerard, Mairéad Egan, and Mary Headon. "Medical emergency responders integration and training (MERIT) real-time ECG data in OHCA first responder resuscitation: Key messages." Resuscitation 83 (October 2012): e67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.08.172.

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12

Melnikova, Natalia, Jennifer Wu, Alice Yang, and Maureen Orr. "Acute Chemical Incidents With Injured First Responders, 2002-2012." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.50.

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AbstractIntroductionFirst responders, including firefighters, police officers, emergency medical services, and company emergency response team members, have dangerous jobs that can bring them in contact with hazardous chemicals among other dangers. Limited information is available on responder injuries that occur during hazardous chemical incidents.MethodsWe analyzed 2002-2012 data on acute chemical incidents with injured responders from 2 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry chemical incident surveillance programs. To learn more about such injuries, we performed descriptive analysis and looked for trends.ResultsThe percentage of responders among all injured people in chemical incidents has not changed over the years. Firefighters were the most frequently injured group of responders, followed by police officers. Respiratory system problems were the most often reported injury, and the respiratory irritants, ammonia, methamphetamine-related chemicals, and carbon monoxide were the chemicals more often associated with injuries. Most of the incidents with responder injuries were caused by human error or equipment failure. Firefighters wore personal protective equipment (PPE) most frequently and police officers did so rarely. Police officers’ injuries were mostly associated with exposure to ammonia and methamphetamine-related chemicals. Most responders did not receive basic awareness-level hazardous material training.ConclusionAll responders should have at least basic awareness-level hazardous material training to recognize and avoid exposure. Research on improving firefighter PPE should continue. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:211–221)
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Campbell, Alan, and Matt Ellington. "Reducing Time to First on Scene: An Ambulance-Community First Responder Scheme." Emergency Medicine International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1915895.

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The importance of early access to prehospital care has been demonstrated in many medical emergencies. This work aims to describe the potential time benefit of implementing a student Community First Responder scheme to support ambulance services in an inner-city setting in the United Kingdom. Twenty final and penultimate year medical students in the UK were trained in the “First Person on Scene” Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC) qualification. Over 12 months, they attended 89 emergency calls in an inner-city setting as Community First Responders (CFRs), alongside the West Midlands Ambulance Service, UK. At the end of this period, a qualitative survey investigated the perceived educational value of the scheme. The mean CFR response time across all calls was an average of 3 minutes and 8 seconds less than ambulance crew response times. The largest difference was to calls relating to falls (12 min). The difference varied throughout the day, peaking between 16:00 and 18:00. All questionnaire respondents stated that they felt more prepared in assessing and treating acutely unwell patients. In this paper, the authors present a symbiotic solution which has both reduced time to first on scene and provided training and experience in medical emergencies for senior medical students.
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Kincaid, Jenevieve, Elaine Reno, Jay Lemery, and Todd Miner. "Disaster First Responder Training: A Train-the-Trainer Veterans Program to Combat PTSD." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000402.

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Introduction:There are many health challenges faced by those returning from military service. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious problem in veterans. PTSD is a risk factor for suicide in veterans. Standard treatments include medication and talk therapy. Non-traditional treatments include civil service and leadership training.Aim:Assess the effectiveness of Veteran Focused Train-the-Trainer (TTT) Community Disaster Response and First Aid (DRAFA) Programs in promoting health, wellness, reintegration, and decreasing PTSD symptoms of veterans.Methods:A longitudinal cohort study was conducted using a convenience sample of veterans living in Denver, Colorado or Reno, Nevada. The sample size was over 50 (N=50+), with 25+ case-matched veterans at each location. This is an ongoing project lasting through the end of 2020. Inclusion criteria selected veterans interested in DRAFA training and education. Exclusion criteria disqualified those who are not a veteran or those unable to perform physical tasks required by curriculum. The null hypothesis was that there is no relationship between the DRAFA TTT program and the health, well-being, and reintegration of veterans back into their communities. Statistical tools used were SPSS Statistics (Version 25) and NVivo 12-12.2.0.3262. Research activities were conducted under the auspices of the University of Colorado and guided by the principles of the Institutional Review Board (IRB).Results:Results are being evaluated using a mixed methods impact model. The main outcomes measured health, wellness, and reintegration using Veterans RAND-12 Health Quality of Life Survey, the Military to Civilian Reintegration Survey, and a satisfaction survey. Preliminary analysis may indicate a correlation between participation in the DRAFA TTT program and improved health/wellness outcomes, better reintegration into society, and decreased PTSD.Discussion:There is growing evidence that expedited structured reintegration programs in community preparedness and disaster leadership roles for veterans alleviate PTSD symptoms and improves quality of life.
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Chandra, Anita, Jee Kim, Huibrie C. Pieters, Jennifer Tang, Michael McCreary, Merritt Schreiber, and Kenneth Wells. "Implementing Psychological First-Aid Training for Medical Reserve Corps Volunteers." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, no. 1 (February 2014): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.112.

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AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the feasibility and impact on knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices of psychological first-aid (PFA) training in a sample of Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) members. Data have been limited on the uptake of PFA training in surge responders (eg, MRC) who are critical to community response.MethodsOur mixed-methods approach involved self-administered pre- and post-training surveys and within-training focus group discussions of 76 MRC members attending a PFA training and train-the-trainer workshop. Listen, protect, connect (a PFA model for lay persons) focuses on listening and understanding both verbal and nonverbal cues; protecting the individual by determining realistic ways to help while providing reassurance; and connecting the individual with resources in the community.ResultsFrom pre- to post-training, perceived confidence and capability in using PFA after an emergency or disaster increased from 71% to 90% (P < .01), but no significant increase was found in PFA-related knowledge. Qualitative analyses suggest that knowledge and intentions to use PFA increased with training. Brief training was feasible, and while results were modest, the PFA training resulted in greater reported confidence and perceived capability in addressing psychological distress of persons affected by public health threats.ConclusionPFA training is a promising approach to improve surge responder confidence and competency in addressing postdisaster needs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
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Szeto, Andrew, Keith S. Dobson, and Stephanie Knaak. "The Road to Mental Readiness for First Responders: A Meta-Analysis of Program Outcomes." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, no. 1_suppl (April 22, 2019): 18S—29S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743719842562.

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Objectives: First-responder mental health, especially in Canada, has been a topic of increasing interest given the high incidence of poor mental health, mental illness, and suicide among this cohort. Although research generally suggests that resiliency and stigma reduction programs can directly and indirectly affect mental health, little research has examined this type of training in first responders. The current paper examines the efficacy of the Road to Mental Readiness for First Responders program (R2MR), a resiliency and anti-stigma program. Methods: The program was tested using a pre-post design with a 3-month follow-up in 5 first-responder groups across 16 sites. Results: A meta-analytic approach was used to estimate the overall effects of the program on resiliency and stigma reduction. Our results indicate that R2MR was effective at increasing participants’ perceptions of resiliency and decreasing stigmatizing attitudes at the pre-post review, which was mostly maintained at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Both quantitative and qualitative data suggest that the program helped to shift workplace culture and increase support for others.
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McAtee, Robin, Valerie Claar, Laura Spradley, and Whitney Thomasson. "Elder Abuse and Neglect: Training First Responders in Rural Arkansas to Recognize, Respond, and Report." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.151.

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Abstract As the incidence of elder abuse and neglect continue to rise and plague our country’s older adults, it is imperative that their plight is recognized, reported and elicits an appropriate response. At least 1 out of 10 older adults suffer from at least one type of abuse each year (DOJ, 2020) and only 1 in 24 cases of elder abuse is ever reported to authorities (National Center on Elder Abuse, 2019). Since 41% of Arkansas’ population live in rural areas, reaching and educating first responders who work in these areas is a priority, yet has been a challenge. It has been ascertained that virtually no elder abuse or neglect related training for first responders occurs in Arkansas. In 2015, the Arkansas Geriatric Education Collaborative (a HRSA Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program) developed an education program and mobilized it to multiple first responder groups including the AR State Police, multiple city and county paramedics’ organizations, EMTs, local police officers and fire fighters. The program was further enhance late in 2019 when the training was made available on-line in conjunction with dementia training. The content and methods of training and test results revealing knowledge gained will be reviewed. Follow-up stories from first responders who have put their training into action in the field will be told as they reveal how they have used their training to identify potential abuse, neglect and self-neglect cases and how they have recognized, reported and addressed specific cases.
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Widodo, Widodo, and Sumardino Sumardino. "Analisis Implementasi Algoritma Penanganan Kegawat Pra Rumah Sakit Oleh Masyarakat sebagai First Responder di Surakarta." (JKG) JURNAL KEPERAWATAN GLOBAL 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37341/jkg.v5i1.95.

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Abstract Background: Between 2006-2015, there were reported at least 6270 disasters affecting 5 continents. Of the total disasters, there were at least 8,197.66 people died, 70,597 survival nd damage to the economic sector was around 1,989,866,263 dollars. The safety of the victims are very dependent on various factors, therefore collaboration of the whole community is needed in providing first aid at the scene before getting help from the health setting. The purpose for this study is to describe the understanding of prehospital emergency management algorithms for the community as the first respondent in Surakarta. Methods: This study uses an pre experimental research design with the Pre-Test-Post Test Group design without control group with the subject of people of Surakarta City after recruited using consecutive sampling techniques and 222 respondent were finally recruited. After following pretest, respondents received training about the implementation of the firtst aid algorythm and post-test was delivered at the end. The variable in this study is the community's ability in providing first aid during emergency in the community. Result: A questionner was used to meassure knowledge before and after following training. Wilcoxon Match Pair test was used to compare the data from pre-test and post-test. The majority of subjects have good knowledge and increased knowledge after following training pertaining to be first responders. Conclusion: Training and simulation are essential in order to increase and maintain first responders capacity in providing aid before referring to health care setting. In addition, community needs to continue to be given socialization and understanding of the existence of PSC 119 so that the first aid that has been given optimally will get maximum further assistance.
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Packard, Richard, Mike Popovich, and John Stengel. "Massachusetts First Responder Exercises: Preparing Local Communities for Oil Spill Response." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 300125. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-300125.1.

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As a result of the Buzzards Bay oil spill in 2003, and subsequent passage of the Oil Spill Act of 2004, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, through its Department of Environmental Protection's (MassDEP) Oil Spill Program, has developed a comprehensive, 3-tiered program to protect coastal resources. The program includes three elements: 1) the development of 160 Geographic Response Plans (GRP) to protect environmentally sensitive areas, 2) the acquisition and distribution of 83 oil spill response equipment trailers to coastal communities and, 3) the development of a training and exercise program to better prepare local first responders, including fire departments, police departments, harbormasters and other town officials, to respond to oil spills that threaten environmentally sensitive areas in their communities. This training and exercise program has increased first responders competency and skills as they relate to oil spill response resulting in a higher degree of readiness and preparedness amongst first responders throughout coastal Massachusetts. The program follows standard Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation protocols with clearly defined goals and objectives. Each exercise includes personnel from multiple municipalities working together to achieve the common goal of protecting coastal resources. The objectives of each exercise include, 1) foster inter-agency planning and coordination by providing the opportunity for local responders to work with each other and with Federal and State responders. 2) deploy a GRP protective booming tactic during a simulated incident, 3) promote resource coordination among local responders by coordinating use of assets from participating towns and agencies, 4) improve local oil spill preparedness by deploying equipment from pre-positioned trailers, providing participants hands-on experience in the field, and 5) evaluate the effectiveness of the booming tactic and identify any modifications necessary. Participants utilize the Incident Command System (ICS), operating within a Unified Command structure, testing their ability to effectively communicate goals, objectives and tactics.
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Andreatta, Pamela, Jessica J. Klotz, James M. Madsen, Charles G. Hurst, and Thomas B. Talbot. "Outcomes From Two Forms of Training for First-Responder Competency in Cholinergic Crisis Management." Military Medicine 180, no. 4 (April 2015): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-14-00290.

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McReynolds, Michael C., Patricia B. Mullan, James T. Fitzgerald, Steven Kronick, Mary Oh, and Pamela Andreatta. "On-site Simulation Training Improves Nurses’ First-Responder Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performance: Traveling Simulation Program." Annals of Behavioral Science and Medical Education 19, no. 1 (March 2013): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03355231.

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Formosa, E., L. Grainger, A. Roseborough, A. Sereda, and L. Cipriano. "P046: Students as first responders: A survey of Canadian campus emergency medical response teams." CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.237.

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Introduction: Canadian post-secondary campuses are densely-populated communities and the first home-away-from-home to many students participating in various academic programs, new social activities, and on-campus athletic activities. The diversity of on-campus activities combined with the high-stress of academic programs results in illness and injury rates that may increase the strain on emergency medical systems. Existing on some campuses for more than 30 years, campus emergency medical response teams (CEMRTs) address the need for a local emergency medical service that can provide first-aid in low-acuity situations and rapid response to high-acuity emergencies. In Canada, many student-run volunteer-responder CEMRTs exist but the range of their service capabilities, operations, and their call-volumes have not been described previously. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. Methods: We surveyed the 30 known campus emergency medical response teams identified through membership in the Canadian Association of Campus Emergency Response Teams. The 32-question survey asked information on their level of training (standard first aid [SFA], first responder [FR], emergency medical responder [EMR]), service operations including call volume, and funding model. This study was approved by the Western University Institutional Review Board. Results: Twenty-four teams completed the survey (80%); the majority of which are located in Ontario (70%, 16 teams). One team reported that they are no longer in operation. Eleven teams (48%) have medical directors. Nine teams (39%) reported responding to ≤100 calls/year, 11 teams (48%) reported 100-500 calls/year, and 3 teams (13%) reported &gt;500 calls/year. Responders of two teams (9%) maintain training at SFA level; 14 teams (61%) have some or all responders with FR training; and 6 teams (26%) have some or all members certified at EMR level. Twenty-one teams (91%) are equipped with AEDs and 19 teams (83%) are equipped with oxygen. Common medications carried include epinephrine (13 teams, 57%), naloxone (12 teams, 52%), and acetylsalicylic acid (9 teams, 39%). Conclusion: Canadian post-secondary campuses have highly-active student-run volunteer CMERTs. Considerable variability in the services provided may reflect the unique needs of the campuses they serve. CEMRTs may reduce low-acuity case demand on local emergency medical response and emergency department services in some communities; their impact on system demand and costs is the subject of future work.
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Thomas, Matthew, Laura Brady, Monika Wozniak, Elizabeth Terranova, Cheryll Moore, and Linda S. Kahn. "Training to improve responder attitudes and knowledge of opioid overdose." Journal of Paramedic Practice 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2021.13.8.cpd1.

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Background: Opioid use is a major public health issue and opioid overdose requires rapid response with naloxone. Aims: This study assesses the impact of a training session on the knowledge and attitudes of first responders and members of the community regarding opioid overdose recognition and naloxone use. Methods: A training session was delivered to 2327 participants between July 2019 and March 2020. The study used a paired, pre-/post-analysis to quantify changes. Findings: Nearly all (99.7%) participants completed a survey before and after training. Statistically significant improvements were observed in nearly all attitude and knowledge items. Conclusion: An education session delivered to an educationally and professionally diverse group can improve trainees' knowledge and attitudes. There were some significant differences between sub-groups, particularly regarding their professional and educational background, and whether the location was urban or rural. Further study is needed to examine whether trainees would benefit from a course tailored toward their education and professional experience.
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Delaney, Peter G., Richard Bamuleke, and Yang Jae Lee. "Lay First Responder Training in Eastern Uganda: Leveraging Transportation Infrastructure to Build an Effective Prehospital Emergency Care Training Program." World Journal of Surgery 42, no. 8 (January 18, 2018): 2293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-018-4467-3.

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Sztajnkrycer, Matthew D., David W. Callaway, and Amado Alejandro Baez. "Police Officer Response to the Injured Officer: A Survey-Based Analysis of Medical Care Decisions." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 4 (August 2007): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004970.

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AbstractIntroduction:No widely accepted, specialized medical training exists for police officers confronted with medical emergencies while under conditions of active threat. The purpose of this study was to assess medical decisionmaking capabilities of law enforcement personnel under these circumstances.Methods:Web-based surveys were administered to all sworn officers within the county jurisdiction.Thirty-eight key actions were predetermined for nine injured officer scenarios, with each correct action worth one point.Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to analyze results.Results:Ninety-seven officers (65.1% response rate) responded to the survey. The majority of officers (68.0%) were trained to the first-responder level. Overall mean score for the scenarios was 15.5 ±3.6 (range 7–25). A higher level of medical training (EMT-B/P versus first responder) was associated with a higher mean score (16.6 ±3.4, p = 0.05 vs. 15.0 ±3.6, p = 0.05).Tactical unit assignment was associated with a lower score compared with nonassigned officers (13.5 ±2.9 vs. 16.0 ±3.6, p = 0.0085).No difference was noted based upon previous military experience. Ninety-two percent of respondents expressed interest in a law enforcement-oriented advanced first-aid course.Conclusions:Tactical medical decision-making capability, as assessed through the nine scenarios, was sub-optimal. In this post 9/11 era, development of law enforcement-specific medical training appears appropriate.
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Delaney, Peter G., Zachary J. Eisner, T. Scott Blackwell, Ibrahim Ssekalo, Rauben Kazungu, Yang Jae Lee, John W. Scott, and Krishnan Raghavendran. "Exploring the factors motivating continued Lay First Responder participation in Uganda: a mixed-methods, 3-year follow-up." Emergency Medicine Journal 38, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-210076.

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BackgroundThe WHO recommends training lay first responders (LFRs) as the first step towards establishing emergency medical services (EMS) in low-income and middle-income countries. Understanding social and financial benefits associated with responder involvement is essential for LFR programme continuity and may inform sustainable development.MethodsA mixed-methods follow-up study was conducted in July 2019 with 239 motorcycle taxi drivers, including 115 (75%) of 154 initial participants in a Ugandan LFR course from July 2016, to evaluate LFR training on participants. Semi-structured interviews and surveys were administered to samples of initial participants to assess social and economic implications of training, and non-trained motorcycle taxi drivers to gauge interest in LFR training. Themes were determined on a per-question basis and coded by extracting keywords from each response until thematic saturation was achieved.ResultsThree years post-course, initial participants reported new knowledge and skills, the ability to help others, and confidence gain as the main benefits motivating continued programme involvement. Participant outlook was unanimously positive and 96.5% (111/115) of initial participants surveyed used skills since training. Many reported sensing an identity change, now identifying as first responders in addition to motorcycle taxi drivers. Drivers reported they believe this led to greater respect from the Ugandan public and a prevailing belief that they are responsible transportation providers, increasing subsequent customer acquisition. Motorcycle taxi drivers who participated in the course reported a median weekly income value that is 24.39% higher than non-trained motorcycle taxi counterparts (p<0.0001).ConclusionsA simultaneous delivery of sustained social and perceived financial benefits to LFRs are likely to motivate continued voluntary participation. These benefits appear to be a potential mechanism that may be leveraged to contribute to the sustainability of future LFR programmes to deliver basic prehospital emergency care in resource-limited settings.
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Al-Sahab, Saman, Aditi Nijhawan, Tim Kirkby, and Shadman Aziz. "History and experience of a volunteer ambulance first responder scheme in London." Journal of Paramedic Practice 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2021.13.8.344.

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Emergency responders (ERs) are volunteers who attend category 1 (immediately life-threatening) and category 2 (emergency) 999 calls on behalf of the London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (LAS). ERs aim to arrive first on scene to these incidents to provide essential life-saving interventions prior to the arrival of further ambulance resources. ERs come from a wide range of backgrounds and undergo a thorough selection, training and mentorship process before advancing to working in a two-person ER crew. Compared to most traditional volunteer first responder schemes, the LAS ER scheme, which was set up in 2008, involves an enhanced skillset, dispatch to medical and traumatic emergencies in addition to cardiac arrest, and the use of blue-light vehicles to reduce response times. Over a period of 13 years, the scheme has grown in scope and size, and now operates with more than 120 volunteers based at seven ambulance stations across London.
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Putri, Suci Tuty, Sehabudin Salasa, and Sri Sumartini. "SITUATION AND COMPETENCY OF FIRST RESPONDER IN PREPAREDNESS ON FACING EMERGENCY TO IMPROVE PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE UNIVERSITY." Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan 9, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36720/nhjk.v9i2.155.

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Background: Cardiovascular disease and trauma caused by accidents remain the leading cause of death. Data by WHO reveals that 17,9 million people die from cardiovascular disease before reaching hospital. The problem is caused by the first aid mistake; hence, a prompt and effective response action of the first responder is important to handle out-of-hospital emergency care. The need for care and human resources is the biggest and most important component to act as the first responders.Objectives: The research aims to discover evaluation emergency situation in university and the competency level of the first responder taking first aid training in affect the way patients are managed during an emergency.Methods: The method employed is mixed methods consists of FGD with a four-stage contingency planning approach and quasi-experimental design of one group post-test that was conducted to obtain quantitative data. There were 30 participants in this research. Thematic and descriptive analysis tests were used to analyze the dataResults: The results show that there are four important things in developing an emergency system in the university area which are a distribution of operational area, communication system, Developing emergency system, and sustainable improvement of first responder capacity. The results of the competency assessment show that the average knowledge level of the participants is 79.5, and their psychomotor level is above 80%.Conclusion: First aid training is important to given for first responder to improve safety in the university. Keywords: Public Safety Center, First Responder, Emergency.
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Nelson, Tessa, Adam Engberg, Michael Smalheer, Brandon Murphy, Jackelyn Csank, Anastasia Rowland-Seymour, and Thomas Noeller. "Integrating First Responder Hands-on Training into Medical School Curricula—a Perspective from Medical Students." Medical Science Educator 30, no. 4 (August 26, 2020): 1729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01071-3.

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Lee, Christopher W. C., Shelley L. McLeod, Kristine Van Aarsen, Michelle Klingel, Jeffrey M. Franc, and Michael B. Peddle. "First Responder Accuracy Using SALT during Mass-casualty Incident Simulation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 2 (February 9, 2016): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16000091.

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AbstractIntroductionDuring mass-casualty incidents (MCIs), patient volume often overwhelms available Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel. First responders are expected to triage, treat, and transport patients in a timely fashion. If other responders could triage accurately, prehospital EMS resources could be focused more directly on patients that require immediate medical attention and transport.HypothesisTriage accuracy, error patterns, and time to triage completion are similar between second-year primary care paramedic (PCP) and fire science (FS) students participating in a simulated MCI using the Sort, Assess, Life-saving interventions, Treatment/Transport (SALT) triage algorithm.MethodsAll students in the second-year PCP program and FS program at two separate community colleges were invited to participate in this study. Immediately following a 30-minute didactic session on SALT, participants were given a standardized briefing and asked to triage an eight-victim, mock MCI using SALT. The scenario consisted of a four-car motor vehicle collision with each victim portrayed by volunteer actors given appropriate moulage and symptom coaching for their pattern of injury. The total number and acuity of victims were unknown to participants prior to arrival to the mock scenario.ResultsThirty-eight PCP and 29 FS students completed the simulation. Overall triage accuracy was 79.9% for PCP and 72.0% for FS (∆ 7.9%; 95% CI, 1.2-14.7) students. No significant difference was found between the groups regarding types of triage errors. Over-triage, under-triage, and critical errors occurred in 10.2%, 7.6%, and 2.3% of PCP triage assignments, respectively. Fire science students had a similar pattern with 15.2% over-triaged, 8.7% under-triaged, and 4.3% critical errors. The median [IQR] time to triage completion for PCPs and FSs were 142.1 [52.6] seconds and 159.0 [40.5] seconds, respectively (P=.19; Mann-Whitney Test).ConclusionsPrimary care paramedics performed MCI triage more accurately than FS students after brief SALT training, but no difference was found regarding types of error or time to triage completion. The clinical importance of this difference in triage accuracy likely is minimal, suggesting that fire services personnel could be considered for MCI triage depending on the availability of prehospital medical resources and appropriate training.LeeCWC, McLeodSL, Van AarsenK, KlingelM, FrancJM, PeddleMB. First responder accuracy using SALT during mass-casualty incident simulation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(2):150–154.
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Pattanarattanamolee, Ratrawee, Rujeewan Yomstreeken Sanglun, and Shinji Nakahara. "Community-Based First Responder Network in Rural Thailand: A Case Study of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20001545.

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AbstractRecently, the Thai government introduced a novel program to train health volunteers as first responders to deal with increasing acute illness and injuries. This case study demonstrates the potential of this program to improve public access to emergency care through the integration of emergency care with a community-based health care system, specifically in a rural setting. A 39-year-old man collapsed with cardiac arrest in his village. Lay first responders from his neighborhood attended him immediately, administered chest compressions, and contacted Emergency Medical Services (EMS). They continued chest compressions until the EMS unit arrived. While the EMS transported him to the hospital, the patient attained return of spontaneous circulation and consciousness. He returned to his normal life without obvious neurological problems. The Thai strategy to develop a community-based first responder network through health volunteer training would address the issue of inequitable access to emergency care and improve patients’ chances of survival and prognoses.
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Wolf-Fordham, Susan B., Janet S. Twyman, and Charles D. Hamad. "Educating First Responders to Provide Emergency Services to Individuals with Disabilities." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, no. 6 (December 2014): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.129.

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AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with disabilities experience more negative outcomes due to natural and manmade disasters and emergencies than do people without disabilities. This vulnerability appears to be due in part to knowledge gaps among public health and safety emergency planning and response personnel (responders). We assessed the effectiveness of an online program to increase emergency responder knowledge about emergency planning and response for individuals with disabilities.MethodsResearchers developed an online course designed to teach public health, emergency planning and management, and other first response personnel about appropriate, efficient, and equitable emergency planning, response, interaction, and communication with children and adults with disabilities before, during, and after disasters or emergencies. Course features included an ongoing storyline, exercises embedded in the form of real-life scenarios, and game-like features such as points and timed segments.ResultsEvaluation measures indicated significant pre- to post-test gains in learner knowledge and simulated applied skills.ConclusionAn online program using scenarios and simulations is an effective way to make disability-related training available to a wide variety of emergency responders across geographically disparate areas. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;8:533-540)
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Khandelwal, N., A. Fa, K. Muzaffar, M. Bhatia, and D. Vyas (Dr.). "Results of a Global Collaboration First Responder Course in Trauma Skills Training in New Delhi, India." Annals of Global Health 83, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.109.

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Kuhls, Deborah A., Paul J. Chestovich, Phillip Coule, Dale M. Carrison, Charleston M. Chua, Nopadol Wora-Urai, and Tavatchai Kanchanarin. "Basic Disaster Life Support (BDLS) Training Improves First Responder Confidence to Face Mass-Casualty Incidents in Thailand." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 5 (June 13, 2017): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006550.

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AbstractBackgroundMedical response to mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) requires specialized training and preparation. Basic Disaster Life Support (BDLS) is a course designed to prepare health care workers for a MCI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the confidence of health care professionals in Thailand to face a MCI after participating in a BDLS course.MethodsBasic Disaster Life Support was taught to health care professionals in Thailand in July 2008. Demographics and medical experience were recorded, and participants rated their confidence before and after the course using a five-point Likert scale in 11 pertinent MCI categories. Survey results were compiled and compared with P<.05 statistically significant.ResultsA total of 162 health care professionals completed the BDLS course and surveys, including 78 physicians, 70 nurses, and 14 other health care professionals. Combined confidence increased among all participants (2.1 to 3.8; +1.7; P<.001). Each occupation scored confidence increases in each measured area (P<.001). Nurses had significantly lower pre-course confidence but greater confidence increase, while physicians had higher pre-course confidence but lower confidence increase. Active duty military also had lower pre-course confidence with significantly greater confidence increases, while previous disaster courses or experience increased pre-course confidence but lower increase in confidence. Age and work experience did not influence confidence.ConclusionBasic Disaster Life Support significantly improves confidence to respond to MCI situations, but nurses and active duty military benefit the most from the course. Future courses should focus on these groups to prepare for MCIs.KuhlsDA, ChestovichPJ, Coule P, CarrisonDM, ChuaCM, Wora-UraiN, KanchanarinT. Basic Disaster Life Support (BDLS) training improves first responder confidence to face mass-casualty incidents in Thailand. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):492–500.
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Kobelt, Paula A., Krisanna Deppen, and Michelle Meyer. "C4. Naloxone Harm Reduction Strategies: Naloxone Toolkit, Training and Education for the First Responder, Patient/Family/Bystander." Pain Management Nursing 18, no. 2 (April 2017): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2017.02.186.

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Sun, Jared H., and Lee A. Wallis. "The psychological effects of widespread emergencies and a first responder training course on a violent, developing community." African Journal of Emergency Medicine 1, no. 4 (December 2011): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2011.10.007.

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Muller, Kurtis L., Cynthia A. Facciolla, Jonathan Monti, and Aaron Cronin. "Impact of Succinct Training on Open Cricothyrotomy Performance: A Randomized, Prospective, Observational Study of U.S. Army First Responders." Military Medicine 185, no. 9-10 (June 22, 2020): e1779-e1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa035.

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Abstract Introduction Primary airway failure has become the second most common cause of potentially survivable battlefield fatality. Cricothyrotomy is taught to all U.S. military providers as a means of securing an airway in extremis. However, retrospective studies show that cricothyrotomy failure rates for U.S. military first responders performing the procedure in combat is 33%. Our hypothesis was that these rates could be improved. Materials and Methods We conducted a randomized, prospective, observational study to evaluate the effects of inexpensive, succinct training on open cricothyrotomy performance by studying two unique U.S. Army First Responder participant groups. One participant group consisted of regular U.S. Army Medics (68 Ws). The second group was Special Operations Combat Medics. We evaluated both groups’ baseline ability to correctly perform a cricothyrotomy and then randomly assigned individuals within each group to either a training or practice group. Results The training group had a higher proportion of success and performed the cricothyrotomy faster than the practice group with 68 Ws group appearing to benefit most from training: their procedural success rates increased by an average of 23%, and their average time-to-correct-placement decreased by 21 seconds—a 33% improvement over baseline. Conclusion With one manikin, a qualified trainer, and $35 worth of expendable supplies, 10 medics could be trained in the procedure in just 2–3 hours. Our study suggests that this simple intervention has the potential to significantly improve U.S. Army First Responders’ ability to correctly perform an open cricothyrotomy and drastically decrease the time needed to perform this lifesaving procedure correctly, possibly saving one in four potentially survivable combat casualties suffering from airway compromise.
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Brown, Keith. "SAFETY FIRST IN MARINE SPILL RESPONSE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-983.

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The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) is the Australian Government agency responsible for managing Australia's National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil and other Noxious and Hazardous Substances (National Plan). AMSA achieves this by working with State/Northern Territory governments, the shipping, oil, exploration and chemical industries and emergency services to ensure there is an effective response to pollution incidents in the marine environment. The National Plan has been in place since 1973. The purpose of the National Plan is to maintain a national integrated Government/industry organisational framework capable of effective response to oil or chemical pollution incidents in the marine environment and to manage associated funding, equipment and training programs to support National Plan activities. Part of AMSA's management responsibilities under the National Plan is the coordination of a comprehensive National Training Program to familiarise personnel at all levels with the requirements of planning and responding to the needs arising from an oil or chemical spill. Over many years the training program, developed and delivered by Commonwealth and State Governments and oil industry representatives, has been enhanced with a clear emphasis of improving and integrating responder Health and Safety into the overall management of a response.
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Berland, N., D. Lugassy, A. D. Fox, B. Tofighi, and K. Hanley. "178 A Comparative Analysis of Online vs In-Person Opioid Overdose Prevention Training for First Year Medical Students as an Adjunct to First Responder Training Using Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Annals of Emergency Medicine 70, no. 4 (October 2017): S71—S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.205.

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Mancini, ME, and W. Kaye. "In-hospital first-responder automated external defibrillation: what critical care practitioners need to know." American Journal of Critical Care 7, no. 4 (July 1, 1998): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1998.7.4.314.

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Despite the development and widespread implementation of Basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support, the percentage of patients who survive in-hospital cardiac arrest has remained stable at approximately 15%. Although survival rates may approach 90% in coronary care units, survival rates plummet outside of these units. The lower survival rates for cardiac arrest that occur outside of the coronary care unit may relate to the time elapsed between the onset of ventricular fibrillation and first defibrillation. The advent of automated external defibrillators has made it possible to decrease the time elapsed before first defibrillation in non-critical care areas of the hospital. First responders need only recognize that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless before attaching and activating the automated external defibrillator. Our research shows that, as part of Basic Life Support training, non-critical care nurses can learn to use the device and can retain the knowledge and skill over time. Establishing an in-hospital automated external defibrillator program requires commitment from administration, physicians, and nursing personnel. Critical care practitioners should be aware of this technology and the literature that supports its safety and effectiveness when used by non-critical care first responders. Critical care nurses are in a unique position to effect changes that will decrease the time between the onset of cardiac arrest and first defibrillation.
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Thalacker-Mercer, Anna, Michael Stec, Xiangqin Cui, James Cross, Samuel Windham, and Marcas Bamman. "Cluster analysis reveals differential transcript profiles associated with resistance training-induced human skeletal muscle hypertrophy." Physiological Genomics 45, no. 12 (June 15, 2013): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00167.2012.

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Using genomic microarray analysis, we sought to identify and annotate differences in the pretraining skeletal muscle transcriptomes among human subjects clustered as nonresponders (Non), modest responders (Mod), and extreme responders (Xtr) based on differential magnitudes of myofiber hypertrophy in response to progressive resistance training (RT) (Non −16 μm2, Mod 1,111 μm2, or Xtr 2,475 μm2). In prior work, we noted differences among clusters in the prevalence of myogenic stem cells prior to and during RT ( 35 ), and in the translational signaling responses to the first bout of resistance exercise ( 30 ). Here we identified remarkable differences in the pretraining transcript profiles among clusters (8,026 gene transcripts differentially expressed between Xtr and Non, 2,463 between Xtr and Mod, and 1,294 between Mod and Non). Annotated functions and networks of differentially expressed genes suggest Xtr were “primed” to respond to RT through transcriptional regulation, along with a uniquely expressed network of genes involved in skeletal muscle development, while the failed response in Non may have been driven by excessive proinflammatory signaling. Protein follow-up analysis revealed higher basal levels of acetylated histone H3 (K36) in the two responder clusters (Mod, Xtr) compared with Non, and only the responders experienced alterations in the muscle content of select proteins (e.g., α-tubulin, p27kip) in response to the first resistance exercise stimulus. Overall, the widely disparate transcriptomes identified prior to RT among the three clusters support the notion that at least some of the interindividual heterogeneity in propensity for RT-induced myofiber hypertrophy is likely predetermined.
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Jayaraman, Sudha, Jacqueline R. Mabweijano, Michael S. Lipnick, Nolan Caldwell, Justin Miyamoto, Robert Wangoda, Cephas Mijumbi, Renee Hsia, Rochelle Dicker, and Doruk Ozgediz. "Current Patterns of Prehospital Trauma Care in Kampala, Uganda and the Feasibility of a Lay-First-Responder Training Program." World Journal of Surgery 33, no. 12 (August 8, 2009): 2512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-009-0180-6.

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Subedi, Biraj, Sherif M. Gaweesh, Guangchuan Yang, and Mohamed M. Ahmed. "Connected Vehicle Training Framework and Lessons Learned to Improve Safety of Highway Patrol Troopers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 12 (October 25, 2020): 447–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120957309.

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The Wyoming Highway Patrol (WHP) investigates more than 7,000 vehicle crashes yearly, often as first-hand responders. They often drive at high speeds through difficult road/weather conditions and under enormous secondary workloads, leading to an increased risk of crash. Connected vehicle (CV) technology can communicate timely road and traveler information messages (TIMs) to troopers, which could significantly reduce the frequency, severity, or both, of these crashes. The majority of the troopers, however, might not be familiar with driving a CV. This paper developed a “first responder-specific” training program on safe interaction with the technology and an in-depth assessment of how these new technologies are perceived by the troopers. The training program contains an E-training module and a hands-on driving simulator training module. The E-training presents concept of various CV warnings and notifications, including forward collision warning (FCW), spot weather warnings, work zone warnings, and other TIMs. Two scenarios were developed to familiarize troopers to simulated driving, two single-alert scenarios to help mastering the two most important warnings (FCW and variable speed limit), and two multiple-alert scenarios to train the troopers to drive in a comprehensive connected environment. A quiz section in the E-training module and comprehensive pre- and post-training questionnaire surveys were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed CV training program. According to the trainees from the WHP, the driving simulator provided impressively realistic real-life-like scenarios for the troopers to practice the CV warnings they learned during the E-training.
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Borrelli, Danielle, and Benjamin Thomas Greer. "The Next Step: The California Cybersecurity Institute’s Anti-Trafficking Virtual Reality Immersion Training." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 17 (September 15, 2021): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14197/atr.2012211711.

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Digital gaming and virtual learning platforms have expanded the boundaries of experiential based anti-trafficking training. Virtual reality provides a technological mechanism for immersive storytelling through the simulation of a physical presence within an artefact using software and specialised hardware. The success of virtual-based immersive training is directly dependent on a series of factors, including realism, re-playability, and supplemental in-person training. This article describes the California Cybersecurity Institute’s anti-trafficking immersion training programme, which advances beyond awareness education to test law enforcement and first responder-specific skills and biases. This multi-layered programme looks to incorporate all concepts of ‘serious gaming’ within law enforcement and humanitarian communication.
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Gagliardi, Monte, Marianne Neighbors, Caile Spears, Scott Byrd, and Jamin Snarr. "Emergencies in the School Setting: Are Public School Teachers Adequately Trained to Respond?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 9, no. 4 (December 1994): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00041431.

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AbstractIntroduction:This study attempted to determine the extent of training and emergency care knowledge of public school teachers in midwestern states. A secondary purpose was to assess the frequency of injury and illness in the school setting requiring the teacher to first respond.Method:A questionnaire and 14-item, scenario-based, emergency medical care test was developed and pretested. A discrimination index was used for validation of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of .82 was computed using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20. A randomly recruited group of public school nurses from Arkansas, Kansas, and Missouri administered the instrument to 334 teachers who had no prior knowledge of the test. A random telephone survey of local school patrons also was completed to determine parental assumptions and expectations for emergency care and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in teachers.Results:One-third (112 teachers) had no specific training in first-aid and 40% never had been trained in CPR. However, most (87%) of the respondents strongly agreed that emergency care training should be required in teacher preparation programs. Eighteen percent of the teachers responded to more than 20 injured or ill students annually, and 17% reported that they had encountered at least one life-threatening emergency in a student during their career. The average score for all respondents on the emergency care test was 58% (X2 = 8.12±2.42). Those with prior first-aid training averaged 60.5% (X2 = 8.47±2.32). Significant deficiencies were noted for recognition and appropriate treatment of student emergencies involving basic life support (BLS) and airway interventions, diabetic emergencies, and treatment of profuse bleeding. Forty of the 50 (80%) parents surveyed assumed that all teachers were adequately trained in first-aid and CPR.Conclusion:Public school teachers represent a potentially effective first-response component during disasters and isolated emergencies in the school environment. Overall, most of public school teachers in this study were deficient in both training and knowledge of emergency care and BLS modalities. Lack of effective, formal emergency care training in teacher preparation programs coupled with no continuing education requirement is a possible explanation of these results. Emergency medical services providers should seek opportunities to help with first-responder training and continuing education in their schools.
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Hawkins, Seth C., and Corey Winstead. "Wilderness Medicine Education." Advances in Archaeological Practice 9, no. 1 (February 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2020.48.

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AbstractWilderness medicine classes are widely available to archaeologists and field scientists, but because wilderness medicine is an unregulated field, knowing what the various courses and products mean can be difficult. Based on the education chapter in the recently published textbook Wilderness EMS, this article—written by same two authors as the book—explores a number of topics relevant for the field scientist, program director, or administrator seeking to obtain wilderness medicine training for archaeologists. The article first explores the history of wilderness medicine products and certificates available to interested parties. It then differentiates between the various products available today along with their benefits and limitations for the end user. Products and trainings described include certifications (including Wilderness First Aid [WFA], Wilderness Advanced First Aid [WAFA], Advanced Wilderness First Aid [AWFA], and Wilderness First Responder [WFR]), as well as single use or continuing education trainings (including Stop the Bleed, CPR, conference courses, and field schools). Particular attention is paid to the specific and actionable needs of a field scientist in remote areas.
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Subbarao, Italo, William F. Bond, Christopher Johnson, Edbert B. Hsu, and Thomas E. Wasser. "Using Innovative Simulation Modalities for Civilian-based, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive Training in the Acute Management of Terrorist Victims: A Pilot Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 4 (August 2006): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00003824.

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AbstractObjectives:Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) incidents are low frequency, high impact events that require specialized train-ing outside of usual clinical practice. Educational modalities must recreate these clinical scenarios in order to provide realistic first responder/receiver training.Methods:High fidelity, mannequin-based (HFMB) simulation and video clinical vignettes were used to create a simulation-based CBRNE course directed at the recognition, triage, and resuscitation of contaminated victims. The course participants, who consisted of first responders and receivers, were evaluated using a 43-question pre- and post-test that employed 12 video clinical vignettes as scenarios for the test questions. The results of the pre-test were analyzed according to the various medical training backgrounds of the participants to identify differences in baseline performance. A Scheffe posthoc test and an ANOVA were used to determine differences between the medical training backgrounds of the participants. For those participants who completed both the pre-course and post-course test, the results were compared using a paired Student's t-test.Results:A total of 54 first responders/receivers including physicians, nurses, and paramedics completed the course. Pre-course and post-course test results are listed by learner category. For all participants who took the pre-course test (n = 67), the mean value of the test scores was 53.5 ±12.7%. For all participants who took the post-course test (n = 54), the mean value of the test scores was 78.3 ±10.9%. The change in score for those who took both the pre- and post-test (n = 54) achieved statistical significance at all levels of learner.Conclusions:The results suggest that video clinical vignettes and HFMB simulation are effective methods of CBRNE training and evaluation. Future studies should be conducted to determine the educational and cost-effectiveness of the use of these modalities.
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TOUMA, ZAHI, DAFNA D. GLADMAN, ANNE MacKINNON, SIMON CARETTE, MAHMOUD ABU-SHAKRA, ANCA ASKANASE, OLA NIVED, et al. "Development and Assessment of Users’ Satisfaction with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 Responder Index-50 Website." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120754.

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Objective.To describe the development of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 Responder Index-50 (S2K RI-50) Website (www.s2k-ri-50.com) and to assess satisfaction with its training and examination modules among rheumatologists and rheumatology fellows.Methods.The development of the Website occurred in 3 phases. The first was a deployment phase that consisted of preparing the site map along with its content. The content included the S2K RI-50 training manual, the tests and corresponding question bank, and the online adaptive training module, along with the extensive site testing. The second phase included the participation of rheumatologists and trainees who completed the Website modules. The third was a quality assurance phase in which an online survey was developed to determine the satisfaction level of its users. Further modifications were implemented per participants’ recommendations.Results.The site has been online since it was registered in September 2010. Fourteen rheumatologists and rheumatology trainees from different centers reviewed and completed the material contained in the Website. The survey revealed acceptance among rheumatologists for the Website’s content, design, and presentation. The Website was rated as user-friendly and useful in familiarizing investigators with the S2K RI-50. After completion of the training and examination modules, participants reported a suitable level of preparation to implement the S2K RI-50 in clinical trials and research settings in a timely manner.Conclusion.The Website includes training and examination modules that familiarize rheumatologists with the S2K RI-50 and assesses their competence to use the index. This prepares them for the use of the S2K RI-50 in clinical trials and research settings.
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Gore, R., C. Bloem, K. Elbashir, P. Roblin, G. Ostrovskiy, J. Daphnis, and B. Arquilla. "(P2-29) Educational Model for Pre-Hospital Disaster Management in Haiti and Beyond." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004730.

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IntroductionThere has been increased international awareness and a need to provide accessible and essential emergency preparedness training in developing countries that has resulted in the recognition of new teaching needs and number of new initiatives to meet these needs.MethodsThese teaching methods have been applied in Haiti before and after the 2010 earthquake. They include: - Established a “Train the trainer” model - Established civilian first responder training - Basic Life Support (BLS) and First Aid - Implemented medical training using the Meti Simulator models - Conducted post-training Disaster drill - Conduction of post training assessment - Succession model of training.ResultsA total of 54 people completed a BLS course and 67 completed a First Aid course. 12 participants completed the First Aid and BLS Instructors course. 95 program participants completed an end of course survey. 41 participants had no prior BLS/First Aid training or exposure. The course participants included 2 physicians, 22 students, 8 nursing students, 7 nurses, 20 teachers, 12 health workers, 5 drivers, and 14 laborers. 92 of those surveyed stated they would recommend this course to a friend. 88 participants stated that hands on learning helped them better learn the course material.ConclusionThis training model has been well received in rural Haiti and can be applied in other developing countries. We would like to standardize training protocols that will serve as a foundation for self-sustaining higher-level emergency, pre-hospital, disaster training and management. This will improve the general quality of health care delivery. Our next pilot of this program will be in other parts of Haiti and in Khartoum, Sudan.
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Marx, David, Robert Greif, Mike Egloff, Yves Balmer, and Sabine Nabecker. "Recruiting Medical Students for a First Responder Project in the Social Age: Direct Contact Still Outperforms Social Media." Emergency Medicine International 2020 (June 1, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9438560.

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Introduction. Efficient recruitment of first responders (FRs) is crucial for long-term success of any FR project. FRs are laypersons who are trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), medical professionals, and firemen, police officers, and other professions with a duty of help. As social media are widely used for rapid communication, we carried out a prospective observational study to test the hypothesis that recruitment of FRs via social media is more efficient than recruitment via direct face-to-face contact. Methods. Following ethics committee agreement, we informed 600 medical students about becoming FRs when they attended a didactic lecture about the FR project or during their mandatory CPR-course. Furthermore, recruitment was opened to medical students through Facebook, which accessed ∼1,000 medical students to see if they expressed interest in becoming FRs. All of the recruited students successfully completed the FR training. We then used an online questionnaire to ask these students how they had been recruited. Results. Out of 63 registered student FRs, 59 responded to the online questionnaire. Overall, 15.3% of these FR students were recruited via social media. The majority (78.0%) were recruited through direct contact. Conclusions. Despite widespread use of social media, over three-quarters of these medical students were recruited to the FR project via direct personal contact. This suggests that the advantage of a larger reachable population using social media does not outweigh the impact of personal contact with experts.
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