Relevant bibliographies by topics / First six weeks

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'First six weeks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "First six weeks"

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Simoneau, Hélène, and Jacques Bergeron. "Factors affecting motivation during the first six weeks of treatment." Addictive Behaviors 28, no. 7 (2003): 1219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(02)00257-5.

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Reina, S., C. Amiel, J. Martinez, D. Wallace, and W. Wohlgemuth. "0529 ADHERENCE TRAJECTORIES DURING THE FIRST SIX WEEKS OF PAP THERAPY DURING THE FIRST 6 WEEKS OF PAP USE DURING THE FIRST 6 WEEKS OF PAP USE." Sleep 40, suppl_1 (2017): A197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.528.

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., Jeffre Firman. "Digestible Lysine Requirements of Male Turkeys in Their First Six Weeks." International Journal of Poultry Science 3, no. 6 (2004): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.373.377.

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Thomson, Karen, and Zdenka Reinhardt. "P55 Immunosuppression in the first six weeks following paediatric cardiac transplant." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (2020): e35.2-e36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-nppg.64.

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AimThe aim of this audit was to establish whether immunosuppression was being prescribed correctly and whether target levels were being reached during the first six weeks post-transplant.1 2MethodThe standards were discussed and agreed, due to an absence of standardised local or national written protocols, with the lead paediatric cardiothoracic transplant consultant and a specialist transplant liaison nurse. The paediatric transplant database provided a list of patients between October 2016 and July 2018, from which paediatric cardiac transplant patients were included in this audit. All data were collected retrospectively, for the first six weeks post-transplant, from patient’s electronic records.ResultsTwenty-three patients were included in the audit; fifteen males and eight females and the mean age was 6 years old. The standards for the timing and dosing of the first ciclosporin dose were met for 87% and 78% of patients respectively. Six patients (26%) had a ciclosporin level within the target range by day 4 post-transplant, for the remaining seventeen patients the average was day 9 post-transplant. The mean levels remained within this range or slightly above after day 9. Azathioprine or mycophenolate was started within 7 days of transplant in 6 patients (23%). Four patients (17%) had documented episodes of rejection; in one patient all other standards were met and in the other three only one additional standard was not met. Nineteen patients (83%) did not have a documented episode of rejection.ConclusionsPost-transplant management is individualised based on multiple factors such as clinical conditions e.g. renal/liver impairment and whether other agents such as ATG or steroids are being used.1 The lack of documentation around the treatment decisions made it difficult to explain deviations from standards in this audit. Ciclosporin standards were not met completely but were most likely unfeasible due to a narrow target range and the time between first dose and level monitoring. There did not appear to be a clear association between standards not being met and episodes of rejection. It would be beneficial to repeat this as a larger, prospective audit using revised standards.ReferencesCostanzo MR, Costanzo MR, Dipchand A, et al. The international society of heart and lung transplantation guidelines for the care of heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:914–56.Sandimmun Concentrate for Solution for Infusion 50 mg/ml - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (eMC) [Internet]. [cited 2018 Sep 2]. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1036
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Grigoriev, Yury G. "Six first weeks after Chernobyl nuclear accident (memoirs of an eyewitness)." Environmentalist 32, no. 2 (2012): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-011-9384-z.

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Hudson, S. J., R. Freeman, D. Burdess, and B. D. Cookson. "Crystal violet reactions ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains colonizing infants in the first six weeks." Epidemiology and Infection 110, no. 1 (1993): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800050706.

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SUMMARYNasal colonization withStaphylococcus aureusoccurred in 18% of babies leaving a maternity unit and had risen to 40% by 6 weeks after birth.S. aureuswas first acquired by 34·5% of babies after discharge. Female infants were more likely to be colonized than males. Colonization was not significantly different between babies receiving standard postnatal care and those nursed on the Special Care Baby Unit.Crystal violet (CV) tests showed that purple-reacting isolates accounted for approximately 60% of strains, whether first detected at hospital discharge or subsequently acquired. Purple-reacting strains, once acquired, were significantly better able to persist than non purple-reacting strains and formed a cumulatively higher proportion of the strains isolated at 6 weeks after birth than at hospital discharge. CV purple-reactions were significantly associated with lysis by phages of groups III and I and non-purple-reactions were significantly associated with lysis by phages of group II and/or 94/96.Maternity units remain a significant route whereby strains ofS. aureuswith some characteristics associated with a hospital origin gain access to the community.
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van Winden, Steven CL. "The Position of the Abomasum in the First Six Weeks After Calving." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 44, Suppl 1 (2003): P36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-44-s1-p36.

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Morgan, Beverly, and Cheryl R. Zauderer. "Book ReviewMaternity Leave: A New Mother’s Guide to the First Six Weeks Postpartum." Clinical Lactation 8, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.8.1.37.

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Sigl, T., H. H. D. Meyer, and S. Wiedemann. " Gene expression of six major milk proteins in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells isolated from milk during the first twenty weeks of lactation." Czech Journal of Animal Science 57, No. 10 (2012): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6347-cjas.

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 The objective of the present study was to refine a previously developed method to isolate primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pBMEC) from fresh milk. Using this method, it was tested whether the number of pBMEC and the relation of recovered pBMEC to total somatic cell count vary within the individual lactation stages. Furthermore, the expression levels of the milk protein genes during the first twenty weeks of lactation were determined by quantitative PCR method. A total number of 152 morning milk samples were obtained from twenty-four Holstein-Friesian cows during the first 20 weeks of lactation (day 8, 15, 26, 43, 57, 113, and 141 postpartum). Numbers of extracted pBMEC were consistent at all time-points (1.1 ± 0.06 to 1.4 ± 0.03 ×10<sup>3</sup>/ml) and an average value of RNA integrity number (RIN) was 6.3 ± 0.3. Percentage of pBMEC in relation to total milk cells (2.0 ± 0.2 to 6.7 ± 1.0%) correlated with milk yield. Expression patterns of the casein genes alpha (α)<sub>S1</sub>, (α)<sub>S2</sub>, beta (β), and kappa (κ) (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3, respectively) and the whey protein genes α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP; known as β-lactoglobulin) were shown to be comparable, i.e. transcripts of all six milk protein genes were found to peak during the first two weeks of lactation and to decline continuously towards mid lactation. However, mRNA levels were different among genes with CSN3 showing the highest and LALBA the lowest abundance. We hypothesized that milk protein gene expression has a pivotal effect on milk protein composition with no influence on milk protein concentration. This paper is the first to describe milk protein gene expression during lactation in pBMEC collected in milk. Future studies will be needed to understand molecular mechanisms in pBMEC including regulation of expression and translation throughout lactation.  
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ROBINSON, C. M., M. KELLY, and A. E. WAKEFIELD. "REDISLOCATION OF THE SHOULDER DURING THE FIRST SIX WEEKS AFTER A PRIMARY ANTERIOR DISLOCATION." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 84, no. 9 (2002): 1552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200209000-00007.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "First six weeks"

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Nyarambi, Arnold. "Effective Classroom Management: The First Six Weeks of Teaching." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8240.

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Books on the topic "First six weeks"

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Worth, Cecilia. New parenthood: The first six weeks. McGraw-Hill, 1985.

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Baby boot camp: Surviving the first six weeks of motherhood. WinePress Pub., 2000.

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author, Beckerman Debbie, ed. Expecting a baby?: A complete guide to pregnancy, birth and your baby's first six weeks. Quadrille Publishing, 2013.

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Cherish the first six weeks: A plan that creates calm, confident parents and a happy, secure baby. Three Rivers Press, 2013.

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Santra, P. C. The light of our souls: An account of Desmond Plowden's first six weeks in India during World War II. Writers's Workshop, 1993.

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Zinner, G. Sefer Niṭʻe Gavriʼel: Hilkhot niśuʼin. [ḥ. mo. l.], 1998.

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Zinner, G. Sefer Niṭʻe Gavriʼel: Hilkhot Yom ha-Kipurim. Cong. Nitei Gavriel, 2001.

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Zinner, G. Sefer Niṭʻe Gavriʼel: Ke-tset ha-shemesh : Ḳidush ha-ḥamah u-virkhatah : halakhot ṿa-halikhot, zemanah, hiyuvah u-maʻalatah, nusaḥ ha-berakhah ... uve-sofo nispaḥ derushim u-sheʼelot u-teshuvot, seder ha-mizmorim ṿeha-tefilot. Cong. Nitei Gavriel, 2009.

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Zinner, G. Sefer Niṭʻe Gavriʼel: Hilkhot Pesaḥ. Cong. Nitei Gavriel, 2002.

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Zinner, G. Sefer Niṭʻe Gavriʼel: Hilkhot Ben ha-metsarim : mekhil halakhot u-minhagim haḥel me-ḥodesh Tamuz, shivʻah ʻaśar be-Tamuz, yeme ben ha-metsarim, R.ḥ. Av ʻad ... ḥamishah ʻaśar be-Av, taḳanat zekher la-ḥurban : uve-sofo nispaḥ ḥeleḳ ha-teshuvot. 4-те вид. Cong. Nitei Gavriel, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "First six weeks"

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"The First Six Weeks of War." In The Economic Effort of War (Routledge Revivals). Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315735597-17.

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Raphael-Leff, Joan. "First six weeks: dynamics between the parents." In Psychological Processes of Childbearing. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429482922-25.

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Raphael-Leff, Joan. "First six weeks: differing patterns of maternal and paternal adjustment." In Psychological Processes of Childbearing. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429482922-24.

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Atkinson, Martin E. "Embryonic development—the first few weeks." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0014.

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Embryology is a fascinating subject and is the foundation of the development, growth, and maturation of all the cells, organs, and tissues of the body. Strictly, embryology is the study of the early processes of development beginning at fertilization and following the processes that turn a single cell into a multicellular organism. It is all about generation of the building blocks required to make a human body. Developmental anatomy is the study of how these building blocks are turned into specific cells, tissues, and organs as well as the general growth of the body. As you will soon appreciate in the following paragraphs, all organs and systems do not develop at the same rate so there is a degree of overlap between embryology and developmental anatomy. For example, the heart and circulatory system must develop and be functioning very early in development to ensure adequate supplies of nutrients to the developing fetal tissues. Teeth, on the other hand, are not going to be used until about six months after birth at the earliest; while the heart is already beating away, each developing tooth is merely a tiny group of cells bearing little resemblance to a fully formed tooth. Human gestation is considered to take nine months; more accurately, it usually lasts for 38 to 39 weeks from fertilization to birth. Clinically, it is divided into three trimesters of three months each. In this chapter, we will focus on events in the first few weeks. During the first two and a half weeks after fertilization, the very basic building blocks are formed from the single fertilized cell; this is the pre-embryonic period. The embryonic period covers the next five and half weeks during which these basic building blocks develop into the cells, tissues, and organs. As already indicated, some of these may be in a very rudimentary state at the end of the embryonic period. The remaining 30 or so weeks is the fetal period when the tissues and organs of the body grow and develop and the fetus grows considerably. We are not fully mature organisms at birth and have another 20 years a-growing.
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"SHAPE-UP AT BABY BOOT CAMP: (the first six weeks postpartum)!" In How to Succeed in Breastfeeding Without Really Trying, or Ten Steps to Laugh Your Way Through. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812819161_0005.

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Dylan, Huw, David V. Gioe, and Michael S. Goodman. "The CIA and the (First) Persian Gulf War." In The CIA and the Pursuit of Security. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428842.003.0017.

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Spying on secretive dictatorships is difficult. Saddam Hussein’s Iraq was, in the run up to the first Gulf War, a very hard target. This chapter examines how the CIA tried to overcome this problem. It examines the US’s engagement with Saddam Hussain and Iraq from the 1970s, and considers how the CIA understood Saddam following his rise to power in 1979. It culminates with Desert Storm, and how a mix of technical intelligence collection and analysis changed opinions about the likelihood Iraq invading neighbouring Kuwait. Document: Iraq’s Saddam Husayn: The Next Six Weeks
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Lindsey, Susan E. "We Have All Landed on the Shores of Africa." In Liberty Brought Us Here. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179339.003.0006.

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After a voyage of more than six weeks, the Luna arrives at Monrovia, where Austin and Tolbert Major, their children, Agnes Harlan and her family, and the other passengers disembark and get their first glimpse of Africa. The Luna’s crew offloads supplies and picks up food and water for the trip to Bassa Cove, their new home. Three weeks later, Tolbert Major locates some hard-to-find paper and ink and writes a letter to Ben: “Dear Sir: We have all landed on the shores of Africa and got into our houses . . . none of us have been taken with the fever yet. We have a prospect of war with the natives.” It is the first of many letters the new settlers will exchange with the man who had once owned them.
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Inchbald, Elizabeth. "Chapter VIII." In A Simple Story. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199554720.003.0041.

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When Lord Elmwood had been at his country seat about six weeks, Mr. Rushbrook, his nephew, and his adopted child, the friendless boy whom poor Lady Elmwood first introduced into his uncle’s house, and by her kindness preserved there—arrived from his travels, and was...
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Green, Marybeth, and C. Lisa McNair. "Steamsational Writing." In Handbook of Research on Integrating Digital Technology With Literacy Pedagogies. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0246-4.ch008.

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Providing young children with rich environments for writing has been a continuing quest for teachers in the early grades. This chapter investigates the use of Bee-bot robots as a means of creating a stimulating environment that engages second graders in the writing process and learning story grammar elements. Researchers met with the students weekly for an hour over six weeks. In the first week, students wrote an initial story and learned the basics of programming a Bee-bot robot. In subsequent weeks, students listened to a story set in the context of the Bee-bot mat, reviewed vocabulary words, planned a path for their robot, wrote a short story, and executed their robot program. There was a significant difference overall between the baseline story and the final story, and between the initial rating of each of the story grammar elements and the final rating of the elements, with the exception of Character.
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Green, Marybeth, and C. Lisa McNair. "Steamsational Writing." In Research Anthology on Computational Thinking, Programming, and Robotics in the Classroom. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2411-7.ch037.

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Providing young children with rich environments for writing has been a continuing quest for teachers in the early grades. This chapter investigates the use of Bee-bot robots as a means of creating a stimulating environment that engages second graders in the writing process and learning story grammar elements. Researchers met with the students weekly for an hour over six weeks. In the first week, students wrote an initial story and learned the basics of programming a Bee-bot robot. In subsequent weeks, students listened to a story set in the context of the Bee-bot mat, reviewed vocabulary words, planned a path for their robot, wrote a short story, and executed their robot program. There was a significant difference overall between the baseline story and the final story, and between the initial rating of each of the story grammar elements and the final rating of the elements, with the exception of Character.
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Conference papers on the topic "First six weeks"

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Ferrar, Joseph, Philip Maun, Kenneth Wunch, et al. "High Pressure, High Temperature Bioreactors as a Biocide Selection Tool for Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204198-ms.

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Abstract We report the design, operation and biogenic souring data from a first-of-its kind suite of High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) Bioreactors for hydraulically fractured shale reservoirs. These bioreactors vet the ability of microbial control technologies, such as biocides, to prevent the onset of microbial contamination and reservoir souring at larger experimental volumes and higher pressures and temperatures than have been previously possible outside of field trials. The bioreactors were charged with proppant, crushed Permian shale, and sterile simulated fracturing fluids (SSFF). Subsets of bioreactors were charged with SSFF dosed with either no biocide, tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride (TTPC, a cationic surface-active biocide), or 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine (DMO, a preservative biocide). The bioreactors were shut in under 1,000-2,500 psi and elevated temperatures for up to fifteen weeks; hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and microbial counts were measured approximately once per week, and additional microbes were introduced after weeks three and five. Across two separate studies, the bioreactors containing no biocide soured within the first week of shut-in and H2S concentrations increased rapidly beyond the maximum detectable level (343 ppm) within the first three to six weeks of shut-in. In the first study, the bioreactors treated with TTPC soured within two weeks of shut-in (prior to the first addition of fresh microbes), and H2S concentrations increased rapidly to nearly 200 ppm H2S within the first six weeks of shut-in and beyond the maximum detectable level after fifteen weeks of shut-in. The bioreactors containing DMO did not sour during either study until at least the first addition of fresh microbes, and higher levels of the preservative biocide continued to prevent the biogenic formation of H2S even during and after the addition of fresh microbes. Microbial counts correlate with the H2S readings across all bioreactor treatments. The differentiation in antimicrobial activity afforded by the different types of biocide treatments validates the use of these simulated laboratory reservoirs as a biocide selection tool. This first-of-its-kind suite of HPHT Bioreactors for hydraulic fracturing provides the most advanced biocide selection tool developed for the hydraulic fracturing industry to date. The bioreactors will guide completions and stimulation engineers in biocide program optimization under reservoir-relevant conditions prior to beginning lengthy and expensive field trials.
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Boronyak, Steven M., and W. David Merryman. "Four Week Durability of Combined RF Ablation and Cryo-Anchoring Treatment for Mitral Valve Prolapse." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14198.

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Percutaneous approaches to mitral valve (MV) repair have received a great deal of interest, as they avoid open-chest surgery and are often the only option for patients with significant co-morbidities [1]. One technique currently in development is a combined radiofrequency (RF) ablation and cryo-anchoring catheter, and we recently demonstrated that reduction of MV leaflet surface area due to RF ablation is feasible in the proximity of cryo-anchoring [2]. This reduction of enlarged, diseased MV leaflets is designed to improve leaflet coaptation and reduce mitral regurgitation. However, myocardial infarcts treated with RF ablation re-dilated in 20–30 days without the application of a retaining patch [3]. Additionally, joint capsular tissues treated with RF ablation reduced in stiffness and ultimate strength over the first six weeks before regaining strength and stiffness [4]. Re-dilation of MV tissues treated with combined RF ablation and cryo-anchoring would reverse the effects of the treatment strategy. Therefore, we hypothesized that excised porcine MV leaflets treated with combined RF ablation and cryo-anchoring would undergo little to no re-dilation over four weeks. Biaxial mechanical testing at 0 and 4 week time points and picrosirius red (PSR) staining was used to assess the degree of re-dilation and collagen morphological changes following 4 week bioreactor treatment of cyclic uniaxial tension.
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Chawla, R., G. Girardin, and O. P. Joneja. "Reactor Experiments Course of the Swiss Nuclear Engineering Master." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29183.

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Since September 2008, a new Master’s programme in Nuclear Engineering (NE) is being offered jointly by the two Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology, viz. EPFL at Lausanne and ETHZ at Zurich. The present paper discusses the development and running of one of the key compulsory courses, viz. Reactor Experiments. This is centred mainly around the utilization of EPFL’s teaching reactor, CROCUS. The course is of seven weeks’ duration, with 10 contact hours per week, and is held during the second half of the first semester. Following an introductory session, the class is divided into six groups. With a total of 12 experiments to be carried out by each group, there are usually 2 half-day experiments to be conducted by a given group per week. Effectively, six experiments have to be running simultaneously at any given time. There are two basic types of experiments which constitute the course contents, viz. those related to radiation measurements and neutronics phenomena, and those conducted using the reactor itself. Details are provided concerning the practical realisation of the various experiments. For example, certain difficulties encountered in the context of achieving adequate counting statistics are discussed, and the corresponding solutions presented. The course has been conducted twice to date, and the feedback from the students has been very positive.
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Otten, Jeffrey D., Vinu Kuriakose, and Shakib Amini. "First in Place Replacement of a TLP Top Tendon Connector Flex Bearing." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96232.

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Abstract Tension Leg Platform (TLP) tendons typically are installed for the life of the platform and incorporate elastomeric flex bearings. The Allegheny TLP, owned and operated by ENI Petroleum, was installed in Gulf of Mexico Green Canyon Block 254A, in 1999. It was designed for a service life of 20 years and currently ENI wants to extend the operating life of the platform. A baseline inspection showed significant degradation of the top tendon connector (TTC) flex bearing and it was concluded that the flex bearings needed to be replaced if the platform was to continue to operate safely. SBM and BHGE came up with a solution for replacing the TTC including the flex bearing, which was accepted by ENI. This involved ballasting the TLP to reduce the tendon pretensions, installing a temporary buoyancy module, and using a hydraulic tool, first of its kind in the world, to take the load off of the old TTC and gradually release the tendon to free stand. The tool was then retrieved with the old TTC, onboard the installation vessel. A second identical tool with the new TTC was then lowered on to the porch and the tendon stretched to the lock-off position by the tool and locked in position with the new TTC. This was done on all six (6) tendons and the platform was de-ballasted to the original tendon pre-tensions. Development of the tendon de-tensioning tool required new designs, extensive shop testing, and planning. The final offshore campaign took place during July 2018 and was completed in three (3) weeks. This represented a successful conclusion to a three (3) year effort. This paper highlights lessons learned in completing a complex first time ever project and makes recommendations for the design of future TLP’s.
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Modesti, P. A., A. Fortini, M. Boddi, L. Poggesi, R. Abbate, and G. F. Gensini. "REVERSIBLE REDUCTION OF PLATELET PROSTACYCLIN BINDING SITES AFTER ILOPROST INFUSION IN MAN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643454.

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The reduction of platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2), observed in man after the infusion of PGI2 analogues, could suggest the presence of a down regulation mechanism for PGI2 platelet receptors. Robertson (1980) have shown a dcwn-regulaticn of PGE2 binding after PGE2 infusion in rat and Leigfrt (1985) have provided evidence of an homologous desensitizaticn to PGI2 in cultured cells, but direct evidences of PGI2 receptors dcwn-regulaticn in man are lacking.This work was performed to study the behaviour of PGI2 platelet receptors after a PGE2 analogue infusion in man.Eight subjects with peripheral artery disease (stage IV according to Fontaine) treated for 14 consecutive days with six hours iv infusion of Iloprost (Sobering, FRG) at 2 ng/Kg/min were studied. Platelet studies were performed an the 1st, 2nd, 7th and 14th day of therapy, blood sanples being collected immediately before the beginning (between 8.00 and 9.00 a.m.), at the end and 6 and 18 hours (the following morning) after the end of the infusion. PGI2 platelet receptors were investigated by a direct radioligand binding assay. PGI2 inhibitory dose 50 (I.D.50) was evaluated in platelet aggregation induced by ADP 5 ¼M.After six hours of Iloprost infusion a significant reduction of high affinity PGI2 platelet receptor (HAR) nunber was observed (p<0.005) without any change of affinity for the ligand. After 6 hours from the end of the infusion the reduction of the HAR was still statistically significant (p<0.05). The following morning the receptor nunber was restored (n.s.). After one and two weeks from the beginning of the treatment the basal values of PGI2 HAR were not significantly changed from the values recorded on the first day of therapy.PGI2 I.D.50 after the infusion was significantly increased when compared to the basal values (p<0.01). Six hours later the basal sensitivity was restored (n.s.). Eighteen hours later, the following morning PGI2 I.D.50 were still not significantly changed in comparison to the basal values.These data are suggestive for the presence of a reversible down regulation mechanism for the PGI2 receptors.
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Hilton, Ethan C., Taylor Gamble, Wayne Li, Tracy Hammond, and Julie S. Linsey. "Back to Basics: Sketching, Not CAD, Is the Key to Improving Essential Engineering Design Skills." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86325.

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The ability to visually communicate ideas and the willingness to generate free-hand sketches are critical skills for engineers. With the advent of CAD, schools no longer teach drafting, prompting a concern over the lost art of free-hand sketching. Recent empirical data from senior design indicates they do not sketch until forced to do so and this agrees with much anecdotal data. This paper describes a novel approach to teaching sketching in a freshman CAD course using an industrial design methodology during the first six weeks of the semester. As expected, sketching skills improved, but there was concern that this may be at the expense of spatial visualization skills typically taught through isometric drawing. Spatial visualization skills are critical for engineers and have been linked to success in engineering programs. The current study measured spatial visualization skills at three points during the freshman CAD course. The industrial design approach to perspective sketching led to significant improvements in spatial visualization scores that were not statistically different from the more traditional approach within engineering. Overall, it was the sketching portion, not the CAD, that significantly improved the students’ spatial visualization scores. Including free-hand sketching in engineering not only improves sketching ability, but also improves the spatial visualization skills crucial for success in engineering in a way that CAD alone does not.
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Savic, Adrijana, B. Terry Beck, and Robert J. Peterman. "Proposed Qualification Test Procedure to Identify Prestressed Concrete Ties That May Be Susceptible to End-Splitting Cracks." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-58007.

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Abstract Prestressed concrete ties could develop end-splitting cracks along tendons due to lateral bursting stresses. The lateral bursting stresses can form due to Hoyer effect (change in diameter of the prestressing tendons due to Poisson’s ratio, the jacking force in the tendons, geometrical features, and indent characteristics of the prestressing tendons. End-splitting cracks can occur immediately after de-tensioning procedure in some cases, but they also can be developed during the first weeks after de-tensioning procedure due to sustained lateral stresses exerted by the prestressing tendons. The ability of concrete to resist these bursting stresses without cracking is primarily the function of the thickness of concrete cover, the type of concrete mixture used and the maximum compressive strength of the concrete. The test purpose was to identify tie designs that may be susceptible to end-splitting cracks. The Qualification test will be great tool to identify tie designs that have ability to form end-splitting cracks. The System Qualification Test involves six pre-tensioned concrete prisms with the same prestressing tendons and concrete mixture that is used in the concrete ties, except that the edge distance for the prisms is reduced by approximately 25 percent. If this reduction in edge distance results in longitudinal splitting cracks along the prestressing tendons, then the system (tie design and material selection) may be susceptible to concrete end-splitting cracks. In this case, changes to the design and/or material selection should be made prior to mass production of ties.
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Wallace, Elliot, Li-Hui Chu, and Jason Ramirez. "An Examination of Relationships Between Mental Health Symptoms, Marijuana Use Motives, and Marijuana Use Outcomes Among Late Adolescents in Washington State." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.13.

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Adolescence is a critical period of development which can be affected by the initiation and escalation of marijuana use. Examining risk factors of marijuana misuse among adolescents is a public health priority. Previous research examining depression and anxiety as risk factors for marijuana use among young adults is mixed. Some studies found a positive relationship between mental health symptoms and marijuana use, while other studies have found gender-specific relationships or no relationship at all. Despite this research, little is known regarding mental health symptoms and marijuana use among adolescents. The aims of current analysis were to 1) examine associations between mental health symptoms and marijuana use behavior among adolescents, and 2) examine coping motives as a moderator of the relationship between mental health symptoms and marijuana outcomes. The current study included 170 late adolescents (15-18 years old, Mage = 16.86, SDage = 0.94, 50% female) recruited from Washington State. The sample was stratified by gender and marijuana use such that participants ranged from never using marijuana to reporting heavy, regular marijuana use. Participants were asked to complete three online assessments over the course of six months. Data described here come from the first online assessment. This included a 4-item measure of mental health symptoms (depression and anxiety) in the past 2 weeks, in addition to measures of marijuana use, marijuana-related consequences, and marijuana use motives. A series of initial linear regression models that controlled for age and sex found that mental health symptoms were not significantly associated with typical marijuana use (p > .05) but were significantly positively associated with marijuana-related consequences (β = 0.33, p < .001). Additional models that also included coping motives found that stronger endorsement of using marijuana to cope with negative affect was associated with more hours high in a typical week (β = 0.25, p < .05) and more marijuana-related consequences (β = 0.24, p < .05). There were no significant interactions between coping motives and mental health symptoms in predicting either marijuana use or consequences (ps > .05). The findings suggest that adolescents who report more mental health symptoms do not necessarily use more marijuana than those who report fewer symptoms, but may be at greater risk for experiencing negative consequences as a result of their usage. Additionally, the results suggest a stronger endorsement of using marijuana to cope with negative affect is related to greater marijuana use and risk for experiencing negative consequences. No evidence of moderation was found suggesting the relationships between mental health symptoms and marijuana use outcomes do not vary as a function of coping motives. Screening during adolescence for early signs of mental health symptoms to predict risk may be beneficial towards preventing negative outcomes and providing early interventions for marijuana misuse.
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Pyo, Changmin, Sungwoo Park, Namhoon Kim, Junghoon Kwon, and Kunwoo Lee. "Computer-Aided Analysis of Muscular Movement of Lower Limbs and Gait Change When Walking With Unstable Shoes." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69033.

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Several healthcare products have been developed and marketed in recent times as a result of people’s growing interest in personal health. Unstable shoes have been introduced to revitalize the muscles of the lower limbs and to modify the gait posture while walking. However, healthcare products for people should first be proved functional and safe, as some of those can sometimes result in severe injuries and side effects. Certification is, therefore, necessary in the case of unstable shoes. In this study, the functionality of unstable shoes was analyzed; it was proved that difference in pressure distribution resulting from the shape of the unstable shoes helps strengthen the muscles of the lower limbs. These analyses focused on the activation of the muscles by employing EMG (Electromyography). However, the approach involving EMG cannot carry out measurements on hidden muscles, and the noise involved is a source of potential error; therefore, this study utilizes the simulation software SIMM (Software for Interactive Musculoskeletal Modeling) for this purpose. We performed a biomechanical study using a full-body musculoskeletal model. Using the captured 3D motion data and ground reaction forces data, kinetic data was calculated in order to determine its influence on the adjacent segments. We captured the movements of six volunteers, all males in their twenties. The volunteers wore both unstable and normal shoes during each trial. This study focuses on the activation of muscles of the lower limbs when wearing unstable shoes. We inspected the muscles and analyzed the disparities between unstable and normal shoes. We observed from experimental results that most muscles of the lower limbs were revitalized. Further, we observed an improvement in the gait posture after unstable shoes were used for a period of 12 weeks. This analysis of inner muscles that cannot be examined by direct methods can help consumers make informed choices regarding healthcare products. Such analysis is made possible by simulation programs such as SIMM.
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Bansal, Nupur, Abhishek Soni, Anil Khurana, Yashpal Verma, Paramjeet Kaur, and Ashok Kumar Chauhan. "Vaginal dilator therapy to prevent stenosis from radiotherapy: A systematic review." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685362.

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Background: Pelvic radiotherapy may damage the vagina and cause vaginal stenosis. Its incidence in the literature ranges from 1.2% to 88%. To prevent vaginal stenosis, routine vaginal dilation is recommended during and after pelvic radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: The objective was to examine critically the evidence behind this guideline. Searches included the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google scholarly articles. All the relevant articles were included in the study. Discussion: Various studies gave recommendations on dilation during or immediately after radiotherapy. Literature does not support routine vaginal dilatation during or immediately after pelvic radiotherapy. Occasional penetration might prevent the sides of the vagina adhering to each other, and dilation might be valuable once the inflammatory and psychological scarring has settled. Two trials demonstrated that encouraging vaginal dilation increased patient compliance, but no difference was found in sexual function scores in the first trial. One retrospective study reported that dilation lowered stenosis rates, but the control group is not comparable. One study involving 89 women revealed that the median vaginal length was 6 cm, six to ten weeks after radiation therapy, but women tolerated a 9-cm dilator/measurer after 4 months of dilation experience. One trial showed no significant advantage by inserting mitomycin C. A study of five women reported that vaginal stenosis can be treated by dilation even many years after radiotherapy. Dilation during or immediately after radiotherapy can cause damage, and there is no evidence that it prevents stenosis. Dilation might stretch the vagina if commenced after the inflammatory phase. Dilation has been associated with traumatic rectovaginal fistulae and psychological consequences. Conclusion: Vaginal dilation might help treat the late effects of radiotherapy, but it must not be assumed that this applies to the acute toxicity phase. Routine dilation during treatment is not supported by good evidence. Prophylactic and therapeutic dilation therapy needs to be considered separately and research is needed to determine when dilation therapy should start on a large population.
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Reports on the topic "First six weeks"

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Repositioning post partum care in Kenya. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1013.

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In Kenya, although 45 percent of maternal deaths occur within the first 24 hours after childbirth and 65 percent of maternal deaths occur during the first week postpartum, health-care providers continue to advise on a first check-up six weeks after childbirth. The early postpartum period is also critical to newborn survival, with 50–70 percent of life-threatening newborn illnesses occurring in the first week. Yet most strategies to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality have focused on pregnancy and birth. In addition to the heavy workload of providers who do not assess the mother post-delivery when she may bring her infant for immunization, lack of knowledge, poverty, cultural beliefs and practices perpetuate the problem. The only register that exists for mothers post-delivery is for family planning, thus perpetuating the lack of emphasis on the early postpartum period with no standardized register to record care given. To address this gap in service delivery, the Population Council defined the minimal services a mother and baby should receive from a skilled attendant after birth. As stated in this brief, the development of a standardized postpartum register is one step toward advocating for providing early postpartum care among health-service providers.
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