Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fiscal orientation

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fiscal orientation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fiscal orientation"

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Yi, Jiexin, Kai Wang, Yun Peng, Yuwen Chang, and Kun Tan. "New Orientation of Oil and Gas Contracts and Fiscal Terms in Indonesia." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 10, no. 3 (2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2019.10.3.639.

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Santos de Oliveira Pontes, Amanda, and André Luís Cabral de Lourenço. "POLÍTICA FISCAL DISCRECIONAL EN BRASIL, 1995-2017: DESCOMPOSICIÓN Y EVOLUCIÓN." Investigación Económica 79, no. 313 (2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fe.01851667p.2020.313.76065.

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<p>Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la orientación general (expansionista o contraccionista) del componente discrecional de la política fiscal brasileña en el periodo 1995-2017, así como verificar su posición respecto al ciclo económico (procíclica o anticíclica). Con este fin, proponemos y aplicamos una nueva metodología para separar el impulso fiscal discrecional de la parte del resultado fiscal que se obtiene de la activación de los estabilizadores fiscales automáticos. Concluimos que la política fiscal: 1) generó una posición mayormente procíclica (desestabilizadora) de su c
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Swanepoel, JA, and NJ Schoeman. "Countercyclical fiscal policy in South Africa: Role and iImpact of automatic fiscal stabilisers." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 4 (2003): 802–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i4.1523.

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As actual budget balances reflect both cyclical developments and discretionary measures, they are not very useful when seeking to assess the orientation of underlying fiscal policy and possible structural imbalances in the budget balance. The influence of fluctuations in economic growth on the government’s budget balance can be examined by decomposing the actual budget into a cyclical and a structural or cyclically adjusted component. The former component shows the effect on the government budget of cyclical fluctuations in economic activity, the latter reflects what the budget balance would b
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Hamoudi, Hamid, Ana Belen Miquel Burgos, and Ourania Dimakou. "Political considerations and fiscal regulation in a spatial duopoly." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci 42, no. 2 (2024): 279–308. https://doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2024.2.6.

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We examine the impact of political orientation on fiscal regulation and product differentiation within a spatial duopoly. Using a modelling approach a la Hotelling, we explore how the regulator’s political stance -whether pro-consumer or pro-business- affects market outcomes through distinct optimal designs of fiscal intervention. We identify three regulatory profiles: (i) pro-consumer regulation with high tax rates leading to minimal product differentiation and lower prices; (ii) pro-business regulation with no taxation resulting in maximum product differentiation and higher prices, and (iii)
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Truger, Achim. "Reforming EU Fiscal Rules: More Leeway, Investment Orientation and Democratic Coordination." Intereconomics 55, no. 5 (2020): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-020-0915-z.

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Otinche, Sunday Inyokwe. "Discuss on fiscal discipline and corporate governance in the public sector in Nigeria." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 3 (2016): 561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i3c3p14.

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Generally, any discussion on corporate governance partly revolves around transparency and accountability and fiscal discipline. The emphasis on transparency and accountability provides the baseline for defining fiscal responsibility and the enforcement of fiscal discipline. Fiscal responsibility and fiscal discipline are political and legal constructs that promote democracy, economic growth, sustainable development and nation building in transitional economies. The near absence of these values especially during the military interregnum in Nigeria created development inertia in the process of g
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Haveman, Robert. "Should Generational Accounts Replace Public Budgets and Deficits?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, no. 1 (1994): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.8.1.95.

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The author assesses the concept of ‘generational accounts’ and the specific accounts constructed by Alan Auerbach, Jagadeesh Gokhale, and Laurence Kotlikoff (1991). Although these accounts support the assertion of present-orientation in fiscal policy, they rest on numerous assumptions based on judgments that are open to question. These involve the treatment of the public budget constraint, the benefits from public exhaustive expenditures, economic and population projections, the discount rate, and fiscal incidence. Alternative and equally reasonable assumptions could yield radically different
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Obadic, Alka, Tomislav Globan, and Ozana Nadoveza. "Contradicting the twin deficits hypothesis: The role of tax revenues composition." Panoeconomicus 61, no. 6 (2014): 653–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1406653o.

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The general theory of twin deficits hypothesis does not consider specific characteristics of domestic tax systems, i.e. whether the revenue side of the budget is dominated by indirect or by direct taxes. The main hypothesis of the paper is that in countries with fiscal systems dominated by indirect taxes, the deterioration of the current account balance would imply higher fiscal revenues due to larger imports and consumption. The hypothesis is based on the characteristics of domestic tax systems of Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland and Romania in which indirect tax revenues account for the majority of
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Fajri, Moh Najikhul, Backtiar Putra Pratama, and Achmad Kharisudin. "Fiscal Decentralization and Green Development Efficiency: Evidence From the New Capital “Nusantara” Buffer Zone." Bestuurskunde: Journal of Governmental Studies 3, no. 2 (2023): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53013/bestuurskunde.3.2.103-115.

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This paper aims to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on green development efficiency. This paper uses efficiency analysis: Slack Based Model to measure an efficiency score and dynamic panel regression: Generalized Method of Moments to maintain a correlation between fiscal decentralization and efficiency score. This study uses the environmental quality index and regional budget expenditure as analytical fiscal variables. The results show that the original regional income positively affects the efficiency of green development. Meanwhile, provincial spending and population have negati
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PETYK, Liubov, Andrii PETROVYCH, and Ivanna PEDCHENKO. "Tax decentralization in Ukraine: problems and prospects." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 12/2 (December 29, 2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.12(2).5.

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The paper examines the essence of the concept of “tax (fiscal) decentralization” according to different views of domestic and foreign scholars. The theoretical concept of tax (fiscal) decentralization is analyzed and defined. The stages of the legislative basis for tax decentralization reform in Ukraine are studied, in particular, the norms of the Law “On Amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine on Reform of Intergovernmental Relations” and “The Concept of Reforming Local Self-Government and Territorial Organization of Power” are considered and analyzed. It is determined what types and amounts
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fiscal orientation"

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Orlova, Olena. "Orientation des systèmes fiscaux des pays participant à l'euro (L'UEM) vers le fédéralisme fiscal ? : exemplarité de la fiscalité canadienne." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0018.

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Le but de cette recherche est de répondre aux questions suivantes : les systèmes fiscaux des pays participant à l'UEM ont-ils pris l'orientation vers un fédéralisme fiscal à l'UEM et dans ce cas, quelle est la forme de ce fédéralisme fiscal " européen " ? Quel est le degré d'harmonisation fiscale minimum acceptable par les pays de l'UEM ?Nous avons choisi le système fiscal canadien en tant qu'une éventuelle référence pour les pays de participant à l'euro. En nous basant sur les théories du fédéralisme fiscal " conventionnel " et des ZMO nous avons constaté que les obstacles d'ordre économiques
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ROMAGNONI, MARCO. "Fabrication of crystals for investigation of orientational effects in high energy physics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487912.

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Orientational effects occurs when particle trajectories are aligned with a crystal lattice structure. Interaction of particle with medium significantly changes, and these “exotic” behavior can be exploited to develop novel techniques for beam manipulation in high Energy physics. Most of the work in this thesis is focused in developing bent Silicon crystals to employ in LHC. This goal imposes high standard in the fabrication of samples: perfect quality of the lattice must be preserved during all stages of production, bending must achieve nanometric scale precision over the whole length of the c
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Hirota, Vinicius Barroso. "Evidencias de validade do instrumento de motivação (Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire – TEOSQ) para para-atletas brasileiros." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2017. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/3239.

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Submitted by Marta Toyoda (1144061@mackenzie.br) on 2017-03-28T00:06:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Vinicius Barroso Hirota.pdf: 2594468 bytes, checksum: aa45ba996496349bc7e755ade4aa90a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2017-04-29T16:48:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Vinicius Barroso Hirota.pdf: 2594468 bytes, checksum: aa45ba996496349bc7e755ade4aa90a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-29T16:48:0
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BAGLI, Enrico. "Innovative approaches for Monte Carlo simulations of orientational effects in crystals and their experimental verification." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388961.

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Interaction of either charged or neutral particles with crystals is an area of science under development. Coherent effects of ultra‐relativistic particles in crystals allow manipulating particle trajectories thanks to the strong electrical field generated between atomic planes and axes. Coherent effects for interaction of particles with aligned structures always exploited opportunity furnished by the most advanced calculators and calculation methods of the current period. In this thesis two Monte Carlo codes were developed for the simulation of coherent interactions between charged part
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Sportiello, Andrea. "Combinatorial methods in Statistical Field Theory : Trees, loops, dimers and orientations vs. Potts and non-linear σ-models". Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85875.

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DE, CESARI SEBASTIANO. "Spin Properties of Germanium-based Heterostructures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/153242.

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La spintronica e la fotonica sono due campi che vengono esplorati separatamente per arricchire le prestazioni dei dispositivi microelettronici esistenti. L'enorme potenziale che verrebe innescato dalla loro unione aprirebbe la strada verso una nuova tecnologia, nota come Spin-Optoelettronica (SOE). La SOE si propone di progettare e sviluppare una nuova generazione di dispositivi che combinino le proprietà standard della microelettronica con gli effetti dipendenti dallo spin con l'interazione la radiazione-materia. All'interno di questo panorama, il presente lavoro è uno studio fondament
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Vandin, Giulio. "Phase separation, patterning and orientational ordering on closed surfaces: modelling the dynamics of molecules on biological membranes and vesicles." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425840.

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We investigate the dynamics of scalar and vector fields on closed surfaces through the use of numerical algorithms adapted from the literature or freshly developed. The aim of this study is the creation and numerical integration of models for phase separation, pattern formation and emergence of orientational order on biological membranes, as well as the dynamical evolution of the shape of vesicles. We find mechanisms that explain curvature-induced arrest of phase separation, localisation of patterns within certain regions of the membrane; we explore the parameter space of an elastic model of b
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Quitéria, Miguel Pedro. "The relation between the left-right political binomial and tax burden on European Union countries." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24230.

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The main purpose of this study is to understand the effect of the government’s political orientation on the countries’ tax burden, testing if the left-right political binomial has a positive or negative effect on this variable. To do so, we collected information of the last three decades of the European Union countries using the OECD and ParlGov databases. The results showed that on average, for the European Union countries, right-wing parties tend to obtain lower levels of tax burden when compared to left-wing parties. One of the main reasons that justify this statement is the fact that non-
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Богданова, Т. Ф. "Підвищення ефективності системи оподаткування". Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7528.

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У роботі розглядаються теоретичні засади побудови та розвитку податкової системи. Досліджено особливості формування податкової системи України. Висвітлено проблеми сучасного етапу розвитку податкової системи України. Проведена діагностика ефективності функціонування податкової системи України, результатом якої є оцінювання фіскальної ефективності податкової системи. Розраховано податкове навантаження за ряд останніх років як показник ефективності функціонування податкової системи. За допомогою економіко-математичного моделювання проведено прогнозування рівня податкових надходжень у бюджет Укра
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Books on the topic "Fiscal orientation"

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Trela, Irene. Taxes, outward orientation, and growth performance in Korea. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.

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Trela, Irene. Taxes, outward orientation, and growth performance in Korea. Public Economics, Country Economics Dept., World Bank, 1990.

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Thiessen, Gordon G. Monetary and fiscal policies: Orientations and interactions. Bank of Canada, 1996.

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Thiessen, Gordon G. Monetary and fiscal policies : orientations and interactions : notes for remarks by Gordon G. Thiessen, Governor of the Bank of Canada to the World in 1996 Conference, Toronto, Ontario, 19 January 1996 =: Les orientations et interactions de la politique monétaire et de la politique budgétaire : allocution prononcée par Gordon G. Thiessen, gouverneur de la Banque du Canada à l'occasion du World in 1996 Conference, Toronto (Ontario), le 19 janvier 1996. Bank of Canada = Banque du Canada, 1996.

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Gunn, Kevin B., and Elizabeth Dankert Hammond. Leveraging Library Resources in a World of Fiscal Restraint and Institutional Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Gunn, Kevin B., and Elizabeth Dankert Hammond. Leveraging Library Resources in a World of Fiscal Restraint and Institutional Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Gunn, Kevin B., and Elizabeth Dankert Hammond. Leveraging Library Resources in a World of Fiscal Restraint and Institutional Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Gunn, Kevin B., and Elizabeth Dankert Hammond. Leveraging Library Resources in a World of Fiscal Restraint and Institutional Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Gunn, Kevin B., and Elizabeth Dankert Hammond. Leveraging Library Resources in a World of Fiscal Restraint and Institutional Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Gunn, Kevin B., and Elizabeth Dankert Hammond. Leveraging Library Resources in a World of Fiscal Restraint and Institutional Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fiscal orientation"

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Jia, Kang, and Liu Wei. "Problem Orientation: Prominent Problems Facing China’s Fiscal and Taxation System." In The Great Transformation of China. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2590-9_2.

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Zhang, Li, and Dayi Hu. "National Digital Development Strategy and Its Practice in India." In Countries and Regions. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2835-0_6.

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AbstractGlobalization has produced a wide range of convergence effects. Digital strategies, popular in developed countries, have won a more durable favor among and followed by developing countries, and become the focus of their development, which is also determined by the fact that digital strategies serve as a tremendous impetus in promoting national economic growth and political governance. However, different from the digital development pattern adopted by developed countries, which is mainly based on the spontaneous growth of the market, the situation in developing countries often encounter
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Joffe, Michael. "Advantages of the Proposed New Monitoring System." In Evaluating Economic Success. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57671-3_4.

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AbstractThe IEO perspective based on economic outcomes and the universal meeting of basic needs has a clear purpose, and a concept that corresponds to it, a formulation appropriate to fulfilling this purpose, a well-specified domain of application and a clear relationship with other related items that are being monitored. It is responsive to relevant societal heterogeneity and to changes over time, and is practically useful in relation to possible interventions. Its metric is clearly related to its purpose, and based on an explicit value system. It combines the advantages of specific individua
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Pekanov, Atanas, and Margit Schratzenstaller-Altzinger. "8. Making Green Public Investments a Reality in the EU Fiscal Framework and the EU Budget." In Financing Investment in Times of High Public Debt. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0386.08.

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Additional green public investment at the Member-State level will be needed to address the climate emergency as a central priority in the EU. This chapter discusses two paths to enable increased green public investments in the EU: through possible amendments to the current EU fiscal framework or through funding from the EU budget. The Commission’s proposal from November 2022 regarding orientations for a reform of the EU-governance framework widens the leeway for debt-financed public investment. However, existing green public investment needs are not considered sufficiently. Therefore, we discu
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Ltaifa, Nabil Ben, and Tim Callen. "Fiscal Policy." In The Economy of Saudi Arabia in the 21st Century. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863878.003.0004.

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Abstract This chapter explains the substantial progress Saudi Arabia has made with respect to fiscal reforms. The non-oil revenues base has been broadened, domestic energy prices raised, expenditure management strengthened, fiscal transparency improved, and the institutional basis and analysis of fiscal policy strengthened. The authors highlight that key challenges remain, of which oil price volatility is of prime importance. Ensuring fiscal sustainability in the medium to long term means that efforts to raise new sources of revenue, contain government spending, improve its efficiency, and str
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Russell, Stephen T., Stacey S. Horn, Raymond L. Moody, Amanda Fields, and Elizabeth Tilley. "Enumerated U.S. State Laws." In Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199387656.003.0015.

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There is strong recent evidence that enumerated anti-bullying and nondiscrimination policies are an important foundation for promoting school policies that support the well-being of LGBTQ and all students. To understand factors associated with the passage of US state laws that included sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in status enumeration, the authors conducted interviews with 33 key informants who were involved in policy advocacy in states with different policy enumeration outcomes. In addition to questions about strategies used in policy advocacy, results illuminate specific ef
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Rongcang, Liu, and Li Yang. "Fiscal Policy Orientation and Options for the Expansion of Domestic Demand." In Economics Blue Book of the People’s Republic of China, 1999. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315500539-24.

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Riet, Ad van. "The ECB in the New Normal." In The New European Central Bank: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871231.003.0014.

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Abstract Within the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) of Europe the responsibility for monetary policy lies with the European Central Bank (ECB). EMU was designed without a fiscal counterpart to the ECB that could assist monetary policy with stabilizing the euro area economy. This chapter reviews how euro area governments could cooperate to establish fiscal framework conditions in support of monetary policy that are more similar to those found in other currency areas. First, they could create a central fiscal capacity to ensure a euro area economic policy stance that is consistent with the ori
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Gaddis, John Lewis. "Implementing the New Look." In Strategies of Containment. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195174489.003.0006.

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Abstract Criteria for judging the effectiveness of strategies vary, but Eisenhower’s were clear enough: his goal was to achieve the maximum possible deterrence of communism at the minimum possible cost. In retrospect, the “New Look” strategy appears to have met these objectives. Despite the fact that his administration refrained from large-scale overseas military activity after the Korean armistice, the only countries “lost” to communism during its term were North Vietnam, already largely under Ho Chi Minh’s control when Eisenhower entered the White House, and Cuba, whose communist orientation
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Stolz, Klaus. "Scotland, Brexit and the Broken Promise of Democracy." In Contested Britain. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529205008.003.0014.

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In the last fifty years, the UK has seen considerable political divergence between its constituent nations, especially between Scotland and England. This observation applies both to the constitutional debate, including the question of EU membership, as well as to many policy issues, such as the orientation of successive British governments towards austerity. In the Scottish Brexit debate both these aspects have come together potentially providing the trigger for the final break-up of an increasingly disunited Kingdom. The first part of this chapter traces diverging Scottish attitudes towards E
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Conference papers on the topic "Fiscal orientation"

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CHICU, NADEJDA. "SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE TAX SYSTEM." In COMPETITIVENESS AND INNOVATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY. Editura ASE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24818/cike2024.49.

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Taxation is a very important part of the financial system. It affects all aspects of our lives, including social and economic. The tax system and the social sphere are interconnected. Taxation influences social processes through taxation of income and real estate, as well as pricing. And the social sphere has an impact on the tax system in two directions: through the need to introduce tax benefits for certain social groups of citizens and through the fiscal orientation of the tax system. In developed countries, the tax system is quite organically connected with the ideas of social justice. But
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Oprea, Florin, Mihaela Onofrei, and Lenuta Cojocariu. "Local budgets management in conditions of uncertainty." In The 8th International Conference "Management Strategies and Policies in the Contemporary Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2023.12.

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Managing efficiently the public affairs within local communities and strengthening their fiscal resilience while supporting a sustainable growth represents by its nature a continuous challenge for the representatives of local public administration. In addition, it seems that we are living nowadays in an era of uncertainty that leads to a kind of “persistent fiscal insecurity” effect, which is fueling more the intensity of the mentioned challenge, and thus asking for new, adapted and focused strategies of local financial management, able to counteract the negative effects of various turbulences
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Gencer, Ayşen Hiç, and Özlen Hiç. "A.Smith and the Classical School, K.Marx and the Marxist Socialism, J.M.Keynes and the Keynesian Revolution and the Subsequent Developments." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01166.

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Adam Smith is known as the founder of economics as a social science and also of economic liberalism (or termed as capitalism after Karl Marx) based on principles of non-intervention and non-protection by the governments to perfectly competitive markets. Over time, economic theory and resulting economic regime evolved: Interventions to improve the welfare of workers; infant-industry argument for limited trade protection; and most importantly, following the 1929 Great Depression, John Maynard Keynes and his macroeconomic system giving rise to less-than-full- employment equilibrium, hence the nee
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Ialaia, Irina. "Central banking amid shocks and uncertainty in developing economies." In International scientific conference "Development Through Research and Innovation" IDSC-2025. Academy of Economic Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53486/dri2025.01.

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The article looks at modern policy challenges faced by typical central banks small, open, developing economies that don't rely on resource exports, integrating Republic of Moldova as a representative case. These countries often operate under a complex set of typical structural weaknesses, such as ongoing current account deficits, a high degree of currency substitution, and fiscal constraints. The study relies on a qualitative approach to analyse the role and how a central bank, operating under an inflation-targeting regime, could develop its approach to capturing and responding to external sho
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Llaci, Shyqyri, and Blanka Xhani. "Eco-Innovation in the Accommodation Sector in Albania." In Ninth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2023.69.

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Limited research examines eco-innovation in developing na­tions, especially when it comes to a country like Albania. Therefore, in or­der to close this gap, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the barriers and driver factors to eco-innovation in the accommodation sector in Albania. It was conducting a qualitative-method approach, with a multiple-case study of six big hotels in Albania. The authors for data collection in this study used an in-depth interview with the managers, and the main research ques­tion was “What are the drivers’ factors and barriers of eco-innovation in the accommodat
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Sohnemann, Jens, Walter Schäfers, and Armin Main. "Waste Combustion Technology Developments for Large Scale Plants." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7035.

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For the waste disposal of urban areas and major cities at the North American market place rather large scale energy from waste (EfW) plants are needed. This implies a mechanical input of approx. 40 Mg/h [39.36 tn l./h] and thermal input by waste per unit of 110 MW [375.3 MBTU/h] and more. There are basic design criteria that feature large scale EfW plants: - Layout of boiler with horizontal or vertical orientation of convective part. - Top or bottom suspension of boiler. - Flexible design of stoker regarding large throughput figures and heating values of waste with water or air cooled grate ba
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Reports on the topic "Fiscal orientation"

1

Ardanaz, Martín, Eduardo A. Cavallo, and Alejandro Izquierdo. Research Insights: How Can Policymakers Make Fiscal Rules More Effective? Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004807.

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Despite the relative popularity of fiscal rules, they are per se, no panacea for improving fiscal performance. Fiscal rule effectiveness is enhanced when policymakers consider i) the quality of rule design; ii) supporting mechanisms to boost compliance and provide a forward-looking orientation to fiscal policy; iii) the impact of rules on different dimensions of public finances, such as the composition of public spending; and iv) clear, ex-ante guidance for the return to fiscal rule compliance after invoking an escape clause. There is ample space to improve rule-based fiscal frameworks in emer
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2

Lafuente, Mariano. Public Employment and Pay Policy in Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009134.

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Due in part to Belize's characteristic as a small state, its public administration is among the most expensive in Central America relative to the size of its economy. This represents a potential risk in a challenging fiscal context. The wage bill's fiscal risk has been flagged as a concern over the years, and it has remained an important issue, which is aggravated by the fact that the relatively high level of spending still does not effectively promote, attract, and retain adequate human capital for the delivery of public services. This Technical Note reviews the current public employment and
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