Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fiscal sanction'
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Hardy, Charles-Henri. "La répression en matière fiscale en France : 1789-2019." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D079.
Full textIn France, since 1789, the administrative and criminal authorities are alternately or concurrently competent to punish tax defaults. Allowing for an arbitration between the exemplary nature of sanctions and the celerity of their infliction, the duality of repressive organs leads to a dual regime of tax sanctions. The differences in regime applicable to the same legal classification of tax sanctions, the possibility of repressing differently the same breach, the absence of a global scale of sanctions, the limited effectiveness of sanctions or variations in the qualification of sanctions, all underline the lack of unity in the repression of tax matters. The absence of unity, however, does not imply the absence of consistency in repression. The diversity of possible responses to tax failures can indeed allow for an adaptation of the repressive system and reveal a consistency in the repression from a political point of view. As confirmed by the historical evolution of repressive tax norm the duality of the repression routes conveys the search for efficiency in policies combatting tax defaults. The historic recurrence of a strengthening of fiscal sanctions, however, shows that the intensification of sanctions incurred does not automatically increase the population's tax compliance. To fight effectively against fiscal failures, repression must be endorsed by the sanctioned person and the population. To achieve this, it must be understood; in the absence of unity, coherence must be ensured
Desfour, Mary-Hélène. "Contribution à la réflexion sur la notion de sanction pénale dans le droit positif contemporain français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1103.
Full textThe traditional conception of the notion of criminal penalty is based on a functional criterion that can be synthesized in two axioms: only the criminal penalty is punitive and all criminal penalties are punitive. This conception leads to the assimilation of the notion of criminal sanction penalty to that of punishment. The hypothesis of this analysis is to consider whether one can abandon this conception by checking whether the material criterion on which it relies is still relevant. The first part of the thesis tends to demonstrate that the traditional functional criteria is challenged when confronted with contemporary positive law data. It reveals a dualism of conception of the punitive function. Indeed, the internal common law and the law of human rights do not admit a unitary conception of this function which will lead to a split of jus puniendi which obsoletes the traditional criterion. The second part highlights the acceptance of a modern unitary criterion of the criminal penalty notion. Indeed, the renewal of the type of penalty at the edges of this concept, combined with the establishment of a common exclusion criterion of these penalties from the criminal penalty enable to establish that contemporary positive law (that is to say that having fully assimilated the normative dualism that now prevails in criminal law) now admits a modern criterion: the specific nature of the beneficial interest of the criminal penalty. The renewal of the criterion in fine therefore allows to consider a new definition of the criminal sanction and provides a justification for its contemporary developments
Peres, Júnior José Orivaldo. "A redução e a relevação da sanção no Direito Tributário pelo Regulamento do ICMS do Estado de São Paulo (DECRETO Nº 45.490/00)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19699.
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This paper will address the article 527-A of the ICMS Regulation in the State of São Paulo, in which, regulates the article 92 of the Ordinary Law of São Paulo nº 6.374/89, establishes requirement to the reduction or relevance of the tax penalties according to the tributary legislation. Regarding solely to the article 527-A of the ICMS Regulation in the State of São Paulo (State Enactment nº 45.490/00 – RICMS/00), due to the request of the rule in question by the judging organs in the majority of their decisions, each one of the tenets will be examined, focusing on a clearer comprehension of the purview of the applicability of the semi-open permissive rule in the tributary sanction in the legislation of the State of São Paulo, without losing track on the jurisprudence of Tax Supreme the Law. It is our concern the way the administrative jurisdictional acts in São Paulo have been conducted in measuring the tributary sanctions, because the legal demands and criteria are not always accurately observed. Administrative penalties are illegally kept, either by their precariousness of justifications or by their lack of fundamentalism, without any adjustment, or even reduced or forgiven. The judging organ in charge has the power and the task to apply the article 527-A, when the legal requirements are present, underlying adequately in the measurement of the tributary sanction, considering all the criteria the rule forecasts. Highlighting that the measurement of the tax penalty implies not only in the reduction or remission of the tax penalty fixed by the fiscal authority giving the tributary credit, but also in its own maintenance, according to the circumstances of the concrete case, which is inherent to the individualization of the penalties. Thus, the administrative jurisdictional decision, no matter what, must be based adequately on the constitutional law and principles in vigor, subject to the penalty of nullity. This exegesis is applied equally to the Judiciary Power, which has currently been dealing with the measurement of the tributary sanctions, having in most of the cases, wrong interpretations of the tributary rules that regulate the subject without defined criteria whose jurisprudential evolution is still timid. Whereas, the main legal aspects of the legal system of tax penalties and the necessary observance of the explicit and implicit constitutional principles, which permeate the Sanction Tributary Law, and consequently are applied relentlessly when having the incidence of the rule 527-A of the State Enactment nº 45.490/00. Among the principles of the Judiciary, there is the applicability of the non confiscation to tax penalties, depending on iterative case law of the Supreme Court jurisprudence, as well as the principles of reasonability, proportionality, equality and individualization of the sanctions, regarding the tax penalty. Without seizure, it will be investigated whether the Judiciary may, by decision of the Judiciary based on the Supreme Law, build one or more criteria of the main rule of the tributary incidence, focusing on the remission of the fiscal fine for equality, aiming the Principle of the Legislative, Judiciary and Executive Independence, according to the article 2º of the Supreme Law. And, justly because of this judicial activism that this dissertation also aims at deep thinking about the need of juridical rules which establish requirement and criteria to the fiscal authority, consisting of the tributary credit, the administrative judge, in the full scope of the Contentious Administrative Tributary, and the Judiciary, be able to establish the tributary penalty, focusing on the circumstances of the concrete case, chiefly to attribute juridical safety to the “taxpayer”. In this report, methodological cut of this study will be done aiming at a deep approach of the article 527-A of the Regulation of the ICMS in the State of São Paulo (State Enactment nº 45.490/00), whose significance is undeniable in the Tax Law, even though is it little dealt with by the doctrine. The gradation competence to the tax penalty has been granted just for the judging organs of the Contentious Administrative Tributary, according to the article 527 –A of the Regulation of the ICMS in the State of São Paulo (State Enactment nº 45.490/00), in which the approach of the main aspects of the administrative tributary process Bandeirante shows itself to be propitious to be highlighted, indeed, it will be weighed the suitability or not of the remission or relevance of the fiscal fine as expressed in the final part of the article 1 of the Law nº 13.457/09. Finally, the limits of the revision will be debated so the Judiciary Power is able to review in pejus the tributary sanction fixed in the Contentious Administrative Tributary, by the impossibility of discussion of the Tributary Administration own acts. Thus, an answer to the reader is intended to be given, which consists in presenting a correct appliance of the article 527-A of the State Enactment nº 45.490/00, taking to account the objective requirements and criteria of the subjective incidents, in order to have the measurement of the tributary sanction
A proposta do presente trabalho é de estudar o artigo 527-A do Regulamento do ICMS do Estado de São Paulo que, regulamentando o artigo 92 da Lei Ordinária Paulista nº 6.374/89, estabelece requisitos e critérios para a redução ou relevação das multas fiscais previstas na legislação tributária. Fazendo referência apenas ao artigo 527-A do Regulamento do ICMS do Estado de São Paulo (Decreto Estadual nº 45.490/00 – RICMS/00), pois os órgãos julgadores administrativos invocam a referida norma na grande maioria de suas decisões, um a um de seus pressupostos serão analisados, para a melhor compreensão do alcance e aplicabilidade da regra permissiva semiaberta de graduação da sanção tributária no campo da legislação do Estado de São Paulo, sem perder de vista a jurisprudência do Tribunal de Impostos e Taxas. É nossa preocupação de como vem sendo exercida a atividade jurisdicional administrativa paulista na dosimetria das sanções tributárias, pois nem sempre os requisitos e critérios legais são corretamente observados. Seja pela precariedade de justificativas ou mesmo pela ausência de fundamentação, penalidades administrativas são ilegalmente mantidas na sua integralidade, sem qualquer calibração, ou são indevidamente reduzidas ou relevadas. O órgão julgador competente tem o poder/dever de aplicar o artigo 527-A, quando presentes os requisitos legais, fundamentando suficientemente a dosimetria da sanção tributária, levando-se em conta todos os critérios que a norma prevê. Enfatizamos que a gradação ou a dosimetria da penalidade tributária implica tanto na redução ou relevação da multa fixada pela autoridade fiscal lançadora do crédito tributário, como na sua própria manutenção, haja vista as circunstâncias do caso concreto, que é inerente à individualização das penas. Destarte, a decisão jurisdicional administrativa, seja qual for ela, deve estar suficientemente fundamentada na lei e nos princípios constitucionais vigentes, sob pena de nulidade. Tal exegese igualmente se aplica ao Poder Judiciário que, hodiernamente, vem enfrentando a temática da dosimetria das sanções tributárias, muitas vezes com interpretações equivocadas das normas que regulam a matéria ou sem critérios definidos, cuja evolução jurisprudencial ainda é tímida. Serão abordados também os principais aspectos do regime jurídico das sanções tributárias e os princípios constitucionais explícitos e implícitos que permeiam o direito tributário sancionatório, que por consequência, são inexoravelmente aplicáveis quando da incidência da regra do artigo 527-A do Decreto nº 45.490/00. Dentre os princípios jurídicos está o do não-confisco às sanções tributárias, que é adotado de forma iterativa pela jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, assim como, os princípios da razoabilidade, da proporcionalidade, da individualização das penas e da equidade, para fins de gradação da penalidade tributária. Sem embargo, será analisado se o Poder Judiciário pode, por decisão jurisdicional, fundada na Constituição Federal, construir um ou mais critérios da regra-matriz de incidência tributária, reduzindo a multa fiscal por equidade, tendo em mira o princípio da separação dos Poderes, consoante o disposto no artigo 2o da Carta Magna. E, justamente por conta do ativismo judicial, que esta dissertação também traz uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de normas jurídicas que estabeleçam requisitos e critérios para que a autoridade fiscal, na constituição do crédito tributário, para o julgador administrativo, no âmbito do Contencioso Administrativo Tributário e para que o Poder Judiciário, possam graduar a penalidade tributária, conforme as circunstâncias do caso concreto, mormente para conferir mais segurança jurídica ao “contribuinte”. Nesta toada, faremos um corte metodológico do estudo para uma abordagem detalhado do artigo 527-A do Regulamento do ICMS do Estado de São Paulo (Decreto Estadual nº 45.490/00), cuja relevância é inegável no direito tributário. A competência para a gradação da penalidade tributária, foi outorgada apenas para os órgãos julgadores do Contencioso Administrativo Tributário, segundo prescreve o artigo 527-A do Decreto nº 45.490/00, de modo que se mostra oportuno destacar os principais aspectos do processo administrativo tributário Bandeirante, pois é dentro dele que será ponderado o cabimento ou não da redução ou a relevação da multa fiscal, como está expresso na parte final do artigo 1o da Lei nº 13.457/09. Por fim, será discutido os limites para que o Poder Judiciário possa rever in pejus a dosimetria da sanção tributária fixada no âmbito do Contencioso Administrativo Tributário, diante da impossibilidade da rediscussão dos próprios atos da Administração Tributária. Pretendemos, destarte, apresentar uma resposta ao leitor, que consiste em demonstrar a escorreita aplicação do artigo 527-A do Decreto nº 45.490/00, tendo em conta a compreensão dos requisitos objetivos e dos critérios subjetivos incidentes, para fins da gradação da sanção tributária
Chiari, Joseph. "La répression des infractions fiscales : sanctions administratives et sanctions pénales." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10075.
Full textOkou, Urbain. "La sécurité juridique en droit fiscal : étude comparée France-Côte d’Ivoire." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D022.
Full textFrance and Côte d'Ivoire are two countries with similarities mainly due to their common colonial past; but they are also two countries with many differences especially due to their level of development. While the rules of substantive tax law within each of these two countries make it possible to study the requirements of legal certainty and the means whereby they are taken into account, it is actually the procedural practice that reveals more substantively the effectiveness of this consideration. It should also be noted that the issue of legal certainty is often reduced to the only requirements of accessibility, stability or predictability of the standard. This actually reflects a partial approach to the requirements of legal certainty that tends to limit its study to the formal quality and the temporal evolution of legal acts. Taking into account a plurality of different legal systems, however, reveals that the concept of legal certainty does not necessarily lead to an unequivocal content. Indeed, since legal certainty is not always expressed in identical terms from one legal framework to another, legal certainty could prove to be polysemic, or even antinomic, from one legal and fiscal system to another. Thus, beyond the norm, legal certainty also applies to the legal framework and system as well as to the legal and judicial practice. Legal certainty thus, appears in tax law, as an expression of the reliability of a legal and fiscal framework and system, through quality standards, offering a guarantee of accessibility and intelligibility, as well as means for the taxpayer to build predictions or satisfy those legitimately built. Moreover, beyond the framework imposed by the present dissertation, it is important to deal with the problem of legal certainty in a less restrictive way, so as not to obscure the historical, philosophical, sociological and legal aspects essential to a holistic study of the issue
Hong-Rocca, Jérôme. "Les sanctions fiscales à l'épreuve des transformations du droit (contribution à l'étude historique et théorique des sanctions fiscales)." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010268.
Full textAddour, Mohamed. "La sanction en matière fiscale et la problématique du consentement à l'impôt au Maroc." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0621.
Full textWe tried to fill the space doctrinal in the studies concerning te Moroccan tax law, and particulary of the legal formalism on the subject the fiscal penalty of which constitutes a determing element. Indeed, the notion of fiscal penalty reveals the social category which sacrifices itself for the financing of the country,it also reveals the exitence ot the absence of the equality in front of the tax and the guaranties of defence granted to the taxpayer,in bref, the penalty is inseparable of the legitimacy of the system. , the weapon of which it is only defender. The history of the fiscal penalty in Morocco reveals the sociocultural roots of the defects of our fiscal system. The cultural previous history of islmic order shape too much probably the unconsciousness and the conception of the majority of moroccan taxpayers. Which are administrative or penal, the current fiscal penalties in Morocco present a striking incapacity because of the gaps of the rule but also, and especially, because of the poblem of the legitimacy of the system current, the tax evasion is the evident result. It is necessary to act on the assent in the tax by proving on ,one hand, the function of the imposition by the rationalization and the moralisation of our system and the other hand, by assuring the optimal participation of the taxpayers-citizens. So, the parliamentary expresion can it be supported by the direct expression of the assent in the tax in the effect to break with the discriminatory traditional fiscal rationality. The administrative judge and the constitutional judge are called o give evidence of courage and boldness in order to produce qualitative decisions
Turrin, Marion. "La légitime répression de la fraude fiscale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32001/document.
Full textThe tax fraud repression legitimacy refers to the different prerogatives the fiscal administration implements to prevent, detect and sanction anyone trying to shirk its tax responsibilities. This process, that must be coordinated with the fundamental rights, is part of tax rules.This requirement, part of the Constitution, involves a balance between relations that is difficult to reach.This fight against tax fraud, lawful objective in the way it preserves tax equality, justifies the use of measures that infringes fundamental rights and weakens the legal security any taxpayer has the right to pretend.These guaranties opposed themselves to the tax administration and its ability to appreciate the different breaches it notices without any limitations.The judge role is then fundamental since he has to preserve anyone’s rights and duties, he participates to the creation of a basis of obligations that have to be followed for each procedure, and that are reused afterwards by the legislator
Feteris, M. W. "Fiscale administratieve sancties en het recht op een behoorlijk proces /." Deventer : Kluwer, 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/273276964.pdf.
Full textPham, Alex Thông. "Contribution à l'étude des sanctions de la règle de droit : exemple du droit privé et du droit fiscal." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10036.
Full textFurther to a brief review of different kinds of sanctions existing in Private law, it appears that the civil sanctions and criminal sanctions are omnipresent. Such domination may be explained by their functions i. E. Indemnifying the victims for the damages they have incurred and punishing the convicted individual for his infamy. In addition, whenever a citizen may face a sanction, he is entitled to profit from numerous warranties granted by the general principles of Criminal law and by the rights of defence and the right to a fair trial. The success of the sanctions of Private law and particularly of the criminal sanctions is such that their model reached beyond the traditional boundaries to spread to the Public law area. This phenomenon is perfectly emphasized by the process of penalization of the fiscal sanctions. This did really take off as from the Bendenoun vs. France case pronounced by the European Court of Human Rights on February 24, 1994. From now on, all the punitive sanctions, whether they are criminal sanctions or not, are part of the criminal charge provided by article 6 §1 of the European Convention on Human Rights according to an autonomous reasoning operated by the Court. They, therefore, present certain common characteristics in relation to the defence of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the citizens. A common law of sanctions was born under the influence of the ECHR and the action of the supreme national courts. This law, protective of the citizens' rights, exceeding the traditional area of the Criminal law is innovative and flexible. It is evolving just like the process of penalization of the fiscal sanctions which is not complete although significant progresses have been accomplished. Yet, a total harmonization between the fiscal sanctions the criminal sanctions is very welcome for the taxpayers' greater benefit. Indeed, this contributes to easing the conflicting relationships between the taxpayers and the tax authorities
Zhou, Wei. "La répression de la fraude fiscale en droit chinois." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0004.
Full textSince taxes were invented, there is always an attempt to avoid paying taxes. In other words, there is an unbreakable link between taxation and tax evasion. Due to the fact that tax evasion can cause considerable damage to the National treasury et produce other serious consequences, the fight against this phenomenon is always a major concern of government for all countries. Indeed, the fight against tax evasion is a very broad subject. Many factors influence the effectiveness of this fight. But among these factors, punishment undoubtedly plays a major role. Because the fear of being caught and the fear of being punished play a significant role in the propensity to avoid taxes. Thus, to improve the effectiveness of the fight against this illicit phenomenon, it is important to study the penalty for tax evasion. In China, since the economic system has developed gradually from a highly centralized planned economy to a market economy, the phenomenon of tax evasion gets worse rapidly. Therefore, in the last twenty years, the Chinese government gradually hardens its policy to fight against tax evasion and pays more attention to legislation in this regard. Much effort has been made. Nevertheless, the Chinese system of repression of tax evasion still presents many problems affecting the effectiveness of the fight against tax evasion. To this end, it is necessary to identify existing problems in the current system and see if it is possible to find out some solutions to improve the efficiency of repression
Cornu, Julie. "Droit au procès équitable et autorité administrative." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020068/document.
Full textThe right to a fair trial is enshrined in the article 6§1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and irradiates now all French law. In the context of the subjectivization of the law, administrative law is also subject to this "unstoppable rise of disputes in the name of the right to a fair trial" (Mrs. KOERING-JOULIN). This assertion is particularly true regarding the powers of sanction and the settlement of disputes granted to the administrative authorities. The European definition of the right to a fair trial applied by the Court of Cassation and adapted by the Council of State allows a wide application of this right. So, given the current state of the administrative case law, the right to a fair trial can be usefully claimed against independent administrative authorities as regard either their law enforcement activities or litigation practice. And the tax administration has also been compelled to respect this fundamental right for eight years now. In line with this settled jurisprudence, the extension of the right to a fair trial to all the administrative authorities may be the way of the future. But such an evolution raises a few questions. Isn't the increasing jurisdictionalization of the administration activities as a result of the right to a fair trial an inconsistency in itself? Doesn't it go against the primary goal of the outsourcing of the administrative penalties? More fundamentally, doesn't subjecting the administrative authorities to the specific principles of court procedures participate in reinstating some confusion between administration and jurisdiction? Isn’t it the rebirth, under a new form, of the administrator-judge we thought was long gone?
Cruz, Michelle Marie Caldas. "Sanções tributárias: uma visão constitucional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8882.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The present work has the aim to study tributary sanctions in the light of the Federal Constitution, analyzing the limits of the punitive power of the State. Therefore, a doctrinal review was made about the juridical norms theories and the concept of sanction. Sanction, in its basic meaning, is considered a penalty. We defend the existence of a unique Punishment Law, based on constitutional principles and in the least intervention of criminal law. We work in the distinction between illicit tributary and tributary crime, between tributary fee and fee due to fiscal crime, pondering about the accumulation of penalties in the criminal and tributary law, showing the differences between insolvency and fiscal evasion. We also emphasize the question of the lack of a legal device that regulates indexation and its application through the Selic index
O presente trabalho se propõe a estudar as sanções tributárias sobre a ótica da Constituição Federal analisando os limites do poder punitivo estatal. Para tanto promovemos um exame doutrinário acerca das teorias da norma jurídica e do conceito de sanção. Consideramos a sanção, em sua acepção estrita, como penalidade. Defendemos a existência de um Direito Sancionador único pautado nos princípios constitucionais e na intervenção mínima do direito penal. Trabalhamos na distinção entre ilícito tributário e delito tributário, entre a multa tributária e a multa decorrente de delito fiscal, ponderando sobre a cumulação de penalidade nas esferas tributária e penal, diferenciando a inadimplência da sonegação fiscal. Enfatizamos ainda a questão da ausência de dispositivo legal que regule a correção monetária e a aplicação desta, através do índice Selic
Blaisot, René. "L’application du droit à un procès équitable prévu par l'article 6 de la convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales, en matière fiscale." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100184.
Full textSince the decision of the European Court of the Human Rights of February 24th, 1994, « Bendenoun against France », the « right to a fair trial » in the sense of the article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and fundamental Freedoms, applies to the procedure of the fiscal penalties, on the basis « of any criminal charge ». The transposition of this case law by the French jurisdictions in internal law, had for consequence to make actual this guarantee in favour of the national taxpayers. On the other hand, the jurisdictions of Strasbourg did not wish to admit the applicability of this provision of the Convention, to the whole taxe disputes, on the basis of the « civil rights and obligations ». It is the ruling of the European Court of the Human Rights of July 12th, 2001, « Ferrazzini against Italy », that came to crystallize this solution of principle. Since the Council of State and the commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation joined this decision, the French taxpayer who objects, either the legitimacy or the procedure of taxation, or the procedure of collection, is not entitled to a « fair trial » in the sense of the article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights, in front of the judge of the tax
Ceyhan, Deniz. "L'imposition des bénéfices des entreprises en Turquie : entre modernisme et préoccupations internationales." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30077/document.
Full textLast century, Turkey adopted the principles of democracy and secularism. It has reached political stability and is now experiencing a stable and durable economic growth that enables it to play a role on an international scale. Turkey has gone from a modernism inherent to the Ataturk ideology to a modernism inspired by Western principles, adapting them to its economic situation and its social values. As regards taxation on firm profits, fiscal legislation plays an essential part. The increase of economic exchanges between Turkey and foreign countries, especially those belonging to the European Union, leads Turkish fiscal laws to give an international standing to the firm tax system. It has shown its will of modernism and its international preoccupations by attaching a specific importance to the requirements of the OECD and the European Union since the beginning of the 2000s. It makes every effort to turn firm taxation into a competitive tax system serving the economic development and to guarantee the rights of the firms so that they have a real juridical security. As a result, the collection of Turkish taxpayers to the state is evolving, going from a conception ad nominam – prioritizing the leaders of the country – to a conception ad valorem – prioritizing the value of fiscal measures