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Journal articles on the topic 'Fiscal variables'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Díaz, Álvaro, Henry Laverde, and John Jairo Gómez. "Choques de política fiscal y sus efectos dinámicos sobre la actividad económica y la deuda pública 1990-2007." Revista CIFE: Lecturas de Economía Social 11, no. 15 (December 22, 2009): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/s2248-4914.2009.0015.07.

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El presente documento busca evidencia de los efectos dinámicos de la política fiscal colombiana sobre variables como PIB real, precios y tasas de interés, teniendo en cuenta de manera explícita el efecto que tiene la deuda sobre las variables fiscales, vía restricción presupuestaria intertemporal del gobierno. Para tal fin, se emplea un modelo VAR estructural (SVAR), utilizando datos trimestrales durante el período 1990:2-2007:1, mediante el cual se identifican claramente choques exógenos sobre las variables fiscales; asimismo, se estiman los efectos de política fiscal sobre las variables a través de las funciones impulso-respuesta. La incidencia de la deuda sobre las variables fiscales se estima en dos modelos: un modelo SVAR base, en el cual se omite el efecto de la deuda sobre las variables fiscales y otro en el cual se incluye explícitamente, con el ánimo de “rastrear” los efectos dinámicos sobre estas variables.
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2

Ologbenla, Patrick. "Determinants of fiscal policy behavior in Nigeria." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(2).2019.01.

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The study investigated the factors that determine fiscal behavior in Nigeria. The vulnerability of fiscal policy framework in Nigeria to different shocks and the attendant effects on the behavior of fiscal policy are parts of the reasons that prompted this research work. Annual data between 1980 and 2015 on core fiscal variables such as government revenue, government expenditure, fiscal balance, public debt, as well as other variables such as oil price, exchange rate, and inflation rate commodity price among others, are used. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag ARDL estimating technique is used to analyze both the long-run and short-run effects of these variables on fiscal behavior in Nigeria. Findings from the study show that fiscal policy in Nigeria is highly vulnerable to shocks from these variables mostly in the short run. Notwithstanding, variables like government revenue, government expenditure, regime of administration, oil price and commodity price volatilities all have sustained effects till the long-run periods. It was discovered that oil price movements is not the only external factor that has pronounced effects on fiscal behavior, but commodity prices volatility generally constitutes an important influential factor in determination of fiscal policy behavior in Nigeria.
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3

Borkakati, Santosh, and Singh Gyanendra. "Fiscal responsibility law and subnational finance in India: An analysis of Assam's fiscal scenario." Ekonomski horizonti 23, no. 1 (2021): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonhor2101071b.

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Fiscal responsibility law has become an important instrument for better fiscal management and ensuring fiscal discipline, particularly so in the federal countries where their subnational governments often indulge in fiscal indiscipline. In 2003, India adopted the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act for rule-based fiscal discipline, and the states of India were also asked to adopt their own fiscal rule legislation in line with the legislation adopted by the central government. As a fiscally weak Indian state, Assam enacted the Assam Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (AFRBM) Act in 2005 for better fiscal management. The paper attempts to examine the impact of the AFRBM Act on the fiscal performance of the state by analyzing the dynamics of the fiscal variables in the pre and post-AFRBM Act periods. The study finds that the state has improved its fiscal condition after the introduction of the AFRBM Act, even though it has remained prone to fiscal shocks.
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4

Burriel, Pablo, Francisco De Castro, Daniel Garrote, Esther Gordo, Joan Paredes, and Javier J. Pérez. "Multiplicadores fiscales en la zona euro." Revista de Economía y Estadística 48, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55444/2451.7321.2010.v48.n2.4105.

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Por medio de un modelo VAR estructural lineal estándar, se analiza lamagnitud y el signo de los multiplicadores fiscales para la zona euro,utilizando una base de datos trimestrales de variables fiscales para el período1981-2007 recientemente disponible. Desde una perspectiva política, elanálisis de los multiplicadores fiscales en "tiempos normales" proporcionainformación detallada sobre el impacto tanto de medidas de estímulo fiscal ymedidas de consolidación fiscal, a condición de que los períodos "buenos" y"malos" sean en promedio similares.
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5

Stadelmann, David, and Steve Billon. "Capitalisation of Fiscal Variables and Land Scarcity." Urban Studies 49, no. 7 (August 17, 2011): 1571–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011415433.

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6

Eromosele, Harrison Ogbeide, and David Umoru. "DO FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICIES COOPERATE OR CONFLICT WITH EACH OTHER IN NIGERIAN ECONOMY?" SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 3, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v3i1.15-30.

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The determination for this study was to ascertain if fiscal and monetary policies are cooperating or rather conflicting with each other in Nigerian economy. Government disbursement and growth of money stock were used to denote fiscal and monetary policy variables. Two reduced form equations of monetary and fiscal policies were specified from underlying structural model. This yielded fourteen RF parameters in contrast to eleven structural parameters and so we had system of over-identification. These prompted use of IV estimators such as GMM and 3SLS. Estimates show similar findings for both estimators as we found evidence that fiscal policy does not respond favourably to monetary policy as monetary policy was found to have an insignificant effect on the fiscal policy. More so, fiscal policy does not respond to lag effect of monetary policy. Relatively, monetary policy responds favourably to fiscal policy. The lag effect of money supply was also found to have a significant impact on money supply. Empirical finding so upholds that Nigerian economy is fiscally overriding notwithstanding money being an integral part of all macroeconomic variables. Significance of lag effects of both fiscal and monetary policy is reflection that implementation process of both policies is excessively time overshadowing. Consequently, there is need for building well-organized units of fiscal and monetary authorities that can accelerate implementation process of these policies.
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7

Laverde, Henry. "Efectividad de la política fiscal sobre la producción y la inequidad en Colombia: 1990-2006." Equidad y Desarrollo, no. 13 (January 28, 2010): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/ed.207.

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Este documento tiene como objetivo identificar los efectos dinámicos de la política fiscal sobre la producción y la distribución del ingreso en Colombia para el periodo 1990-2006. Se pretende indagar sobre la efectividad de la política fiscal en términos de la magnitud y longitud de los multiplicadores fiscales sobre estas dos variables. Para ello, se utiliza un modelo VAR con información trimestral de gastos e impuestos del gobierno nacional, PIB real y el coeficiente Gini. Los resultados encontrados sugieren la escasa efectividad de la política fiscal para reducir la inequidad del ingreso, dada la baja magnitud de los multiplicadores fiscales y su corta longitud.
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8

Khamdana, Abdillah. "Pengaruh Desentralisasi Fiskal Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Daerah di Indonesia, 2008 – 2012." Indonesian Treasury Review Jurnal Perbendaharaan Keuangan Negara dan Kebijakan Publik 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v1i1.59.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic growth in Indonesian provinces. The analysis of fiscal decentralization used three indicators, i.e. revenue, expenditure, and autonomy, added by control variables that consists of population growth, ratio of domestic investment to GDP, and regional inflation rate. This study used panel data of 33 provinces in Indonesia from the period of 2008-2012 with Random Effect Model (REM) method. The results show that fiscal decentralization has been proven not significantly increase the economic growth of the provinces. Therefore, reconsidering fiscal policy related to regional planning and budgeting, and determining development priority scale are needed. Consequently, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity and capability of regional public officials in fiscal and public policy matters. . ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi provinsi di Indonesia. Analisis desentralisasi fiskal menggunakan indikator pendapatan, indikator belanja, dan indikator otonomi serta menggunakan variabel pengendali yang terdiri dari pertumbuhan populasi, rasio investasi domestik terhadap PDRB, dan tingkat inflasi daerah. Studi ini menggunakan data panel 33 provinsi di Indonesia periode 2008–2012 dengan metode Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa desentralisasi fiskal tidak terbukti signifikan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi provinsi. Atas dasar hal tersebut, diperlukan peninjauan kembali kebijakan fiskal daerah terkait perencanaan dan penganggaran, serta penetapan skala prioritas pembangunan daerah. Dirasa perlu pula adanya upaya penguatan kapasitas dan kapabilitas aparatur daerah di bidang kebijakan fiskal dan kebijakan publik.
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9

Uddin, Mian Nasir, Muhammad Tariq, and Saleem Khan. "A cointegration analysis between macroeconomic variables and fiscal deficit in Pakistan." Journl of Applied Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.214.

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This paper estimates the short and long run association between selected macroeconomic variables and fiscal deficit in Pakistan for the period of 1985 to 2016. Macroeconomic variables such as exports, exchange rate, GDP per capita, inflation, gross capital formation have strong implications for the fiscal deficit. This study checks the data for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller test. Johansen Co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Method are used to investigate both the short and long run relationships. Results indicated the existence of both short run and long run relationship between the macroeconomic variables and fiscal deficit. The findings of the study revealed that exports, exchange rate, GDP per capita, inflation, gross capital formation are important determinants of fiscal deficit in Pakistan. The study suggested that the government may focus on these factors to overcome fiscal deficit in Pakistan.
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10

Bernasconi, Michele, Oliver Kirchkamp, and Paolo Paruolo. "Do fiscal variables affect fiscal expectations? Experiments with real world and lab data." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 70, no. 1-2 (May 2009): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2008.11.002.

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11

Patrick, Ologbenla, and Omolade Adeleke. "Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomic Shocks in Nigeria: A Structural Vector Auto - Regression SVAR Approach." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 3(J) (July 19, 2018): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i3.2329.

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The paper investigates fiscal policy and macroeconomic shocks in Nigeria. It was motivated by the non - existence of consensus on the nature and levels of interactions between fiscal policy variables and macroeconomic variables. The study utilizes quarterly data from 1980 Q1 to 2015 Q4 which are analyzed using Structural Vector Auto - Regression (SVAR) to examine the responses of fiscal policy to some macroeconomic shocks and vice versa. The results indicate that exchange rate is the major macroeconomic medium through which external shocks influence fiscal policy variables in Nigeria. The level of interaction between fiscal policy variables and exchange rate, among other macroeconomic variables in the model, appears to be the most significant. Also, among all other macroeconomic variables the contributions of the exchange rate to the behavior of Nigeria’s economic growth is the highest. All these are pointers to the significant role played by exchange rate in transmission of macroeconomic and external shocks to fiscal policy behavior with the resultant effect on the domestic economy.
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12

Kim, Ae Jin. "Fiscal rules and Government Corruption: Focusing on the Independent Fiscal Institution using of instrumental variables." Korea Association for Corruption Studies 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 33–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52663/kcsr.2022.27.3.33.

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A fiscal rule is a long-lasting constraint on fiscal policy through numerical limits on budgetary aggregates. Several empirical studies have shown that countries with fiscal rules tend to have better fiscal outcomes. This paper estimates the causal effect of fiscal rules on government corruption in a panel of 36 OECD countries over the period 1994-2015. This paper finds that Expenditure Rules, Debt Rules correlate with lower government corruption. However, Budget Balance Rules with higher government corruption. This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the effectiveness of fiscal rules by developing a new instrumental variables strategy. Above all, an independent financial institutions have a positive effect on the adoption of fiscal rules. This study suggest that independent financial institutions can enhance the adoption of fiscal rules and government transparency.
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13

Zuccolotto, Robson, and Marco Antonio Carvalho Teixeira. "The Causes of Fiscal Transparency: Evidence in the Brazilian States." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 25, no. 66 (December 2014): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201410820.

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The transparency of governments to their citizens is seen as a necessary factor in democratic accountability and, consequently, in the consolidation of democracy. Although the importance of transparency in government is often highlighted, its causes are still unknown, especially in the Brazilian context. Following the trend of international empirical research, this exploratory study investigates the relationships between three sets of variables (current and past fiscal variables, socioeconomic variables and political variables) and fiscal transparency in the Brazilian subnational context. To identify the relationship between fiscal, socioeconomic and political variables and fiscal transparency, the multiple linear regression technique was used. Prior to conducting the regression using the method of ordinary least squares, factor analysis was used, aiming to group the fiscal and socioeconomic variables into factors not only to reduce their quantity but also to eliminate their multicollinearity problems. Political variables, due to their qualitative nature, remained in their original form. The factor analysis sorted the variables into two groups: fiscal and socioeconomic factors. Because multiple regression allows only for the evaluation of the relationship between the parties included in the sample and the reference party, an F test was used to assess differences in the level of transparency among political parties. The results indicated that fiscal and socioeconomic variables explain the transparency levels of the Brazilian States. However, the political variables were not significant, indicating that the disclosure of fiscal information in Brazil seems not to be influenced by political ideologies. Furthermore, it is evident that the lack of a regulatory model of transparency in the budget process leads States to disclose a great deal of information about budget execution. Finally, the findings indicate that as an instrument for democratic consolidation, fiscal transparency remains incipient in Brazil.
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14

Bose, Jolayemi Lydia, and Akinlo Anthony Enisan. "FISCAL POLICY TRANSMISSION CHANNELS AND MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA." European Journal of Economics, Law and Politics 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/elp.v8no2a11.

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The paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy channels on selected macroeconomic variables in Nigeria over the period of 1970-2018. The study employed the Bayesian approach of the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model, after examining the prior and posterior mean values on the models specified. The paper established that channels of transmission from fiscal policy affected the performance of macroeconomic variables in the country that is, the instability on macroeconomic variables performances in Nigeria are highly influenced by the fiscal policy transmission channels. The study concluded that credit to the private sector, exchange rate, government spending and oil revenue were significant variables in Nigeria that need good policy measure for their performances. The paper recommends that there is a need for a sustained reduction in the fiscal policy channels as this helps in achieving sustainable development and improves variables performance. Also, since credit shock is the most active shock through which Fiscal policy channels transmitted to the economy, effort should be made to encourage banks to create more money in the economy to the private sector. And Central Bank of Nigeria should also pursue the government in financing credit availability in the country.
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15

Ologbenla, Patrick. "Fiscal Policy and External Shocks in Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 1(J) (March 10, 2019): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i1(j).2754.

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The study assessed the effects of external shocks on fiscal policy in Nigeria. Vector auto-regression VAR estimating technique is adopted to achieve the set objectives of the study. The VAR model comprises of the following variables GDP, oil output, oil price, government revenue, government expenditure, external reserve, exchange rate, fiscal balance, and non-oil export. These variables represent the external shocks, the growth variables, fiscal variables and some other macroeconomic variables. The VAR results show that oil price and non-oil export are the most important external shocks affecting fiscal policy in Nigeria. It was also discovered that public debt shock has no significant impact on government expenditure. In addition, external reserve and exchange rate shocks also have a significant impact on fiscal policy. Finally, government expenditure shock failed to have a significant impact on the GDP. The implication of these results is that the effectiveness of fiscal policy in achieving macroeconomic objectives in Nigeria depends on these identified shocks.
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16

Magazzino, Cosimo. "Fiscal variables and growth convergence in the ECOWAS." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2015-0032.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship among fiscal variables (net lending, government expenditure and revenue) and economic growth in Sub-Saharan African countries. Design/methodology/approach – Using yearly data for the period between 1980 and 2011 in 15 Economic Communities Of West African States (ECOWAS) countries, the relationship among fiscal variables, economic growth and trade is investigated, through various econometric techniques. Findings – Government expenditure and revenue show pro-cyclical effects in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and ECOWAS countries, while fiscal balance has a pro-cyclical nature for WAEMU during the years 1999-2011. Moreover, a weak long-run relationship between government expenditure and revenue emerge, but only in the case of West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) countries. Granger causality analysis showed mixed results for WAEMU countries, while for four out of six WAMZ countries (Gambia, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone) the “tax-and-spend” hypothesis holds, since government revenue would drive the expenditure. Finally, in the last three decades, cyclical component of economic growth has reduced its fluctuations, both for WAEMU and WAMZ member States. Originality/value – This is the first study on the effects of fiscal policies in the ECOWAS countries.
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17

Abdullah, Muhammad Latif, and FNU Sunaryati. "THE EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY IN INDONESIA, PERIOD 2004Q1-2018Q4." Airlangga International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance 1, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/aijief.v1i2.20802.

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Abstract Fiscal sustainability illustrates the condition of a healthy government budget which can finance government spending without increasing debt supply. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of macroeconomic variables on fiscal sustainability which in this study fiscal sustainability is proxied as a government budget deficit. The data used in this study is the 2004Q1-2018Q4 time series data using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results showed that fiscal conditions in Indonesia are sustainable and macroeconomic variables such as domestic debt andinflation has a positive effect on increasing the government budget deficit. Whereas the variable state revenues and foreign debt negatively affect the government budget deficit.Keywords : Fiscal Sustainability, Government Budget Deficit, Domestic Debt, Foreign Debt.
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18

Cohen, Darrel, and Glenn Follette. "Forecasting Exogenous Fiscal Variables in the United States." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2003, no. 59 (2003): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2003.59.

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19

Shaw, R. Paul. "Fiscal versus Traditional Market Variables in Canadian Migration." Journal of Political Economy 94, no. 3, Part 1 (June 1986): 648–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261394.

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20

Balassone, Fabrizio, Maura Francese, and Stefania Zotteri. "Cyclical asymmetry in fiscal variables in the EU." Empirica 37, no. 4 (August 12, 2009): 381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10663-009-9114-7.

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21

Martin, Ricardo, and Mohsen Fardmanesh. "Fiscal variables and growth: A cross-sectional analysis." Public Choice 64, no. 3 (March 1990): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00124369.

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22

Gorčák, Martin, and Stanislav Šaroch. "Impact of fiscal institutions on public finances in the European Union: Review of evidence in the empirical literature." Review of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2021-0010.

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Abstract This paper examines the impact of budgetary institutions on public finances in the European Union on the basis of a critical survey of the relevant theoretical and empirical literature. In general, the authors find that fiscal institutions (namely fiscal rules) have successfully contributed to greater fiscal sustainability, reduced procyclicality of fiscal policies within the EU, and increased national ownership of fiscal rules by strengthening national fiscal frameworks. A fiscal reaction function was one of the widely used methods to determine the principal variables affecting fiscal outcomes. Some authors used cyclically-adjusted fiscal outcomes as the dependent variable representing the discretionary fiscal policy-making whereas others put emphasis on other fiscal outcomes. The samples of countries covered mostly the EU Member States, representing rather homogenous samples in the context of common EU fiscal framework. Institutional aspects used as independent variables differed significantly among authors and some could be added for future research. Based on the literature survey, several recommendations were made for fiscal policy-making.
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23

Montes, Gabriel Caldas, and Paulo Henrique Luna. "Discretionary fiscal policy and disagreement in expectations about fiscal variables empirical evidence from Brazil." Economic Modelling 73 (June 2018): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.03.007.

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24

Richard, Kabanda, Peter W. Muriu, and Benjamin Maturu. "Relative Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Output Stabilization in Developing Countries: Evidence from Rwanda." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n1p220.

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The aim of this study was to explain the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies in explaining output in Rwanda. The study used a sample of quarterly data for the period 1996-2014. Applying a recursive VAR, the study used 12 variables, including 5 endogenous and 7exogenous variables to the benchmark model and other two specifications were attempted to capture the true contribution of monetary and fiscal policies to variations in nominal output. Obtained results using impulse responses and variance decomposition provide evidence that monetary policy is more effective than fiscal policy in explaining changes in nominal output in Rwanda. In addition, monetary policy explains better output when the VAR model contains domestic exogenous variables than when they are not included, suggesting the relevance of including domestic exogenous variables in VAR specification of monetary and fiscal policies effectiveness on economic variables. Another suggestion is that in order to achieve higher growth, the government of Rwanda should rely more on monetary policy as compared to fiscal policy.
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Haryanto, Joko Tri, and Rita Helbra Tenrini. "Study of fiscal decentralization, macroeconomic stability and regional growth in Indonesia." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i3.12157.

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Indonesia has been implementing fiscal decentralization since 2001. In theory, fiscal decentralization affected macroeconomic stability and economic growth—this study using data panels at the provincial level from 2010 to 2013. In the relationship between fiscal decentralization and macroeconomic stability with control variable income, significant variables are income to GRDP, GRDP per capita, and population. If control variable expenditure, significant variables are expenditure to GRDP, GRDP per capita, and population. In the model that analyzes fiscal decentralization and economic growth with control variable income, significant variables are income to GRDP, consumption to GRDP, and population. Meanwhile, if control variable expenditure, significant variables are expenditure to GRDP, consumption to GRDP, and population. By using sensitivity analysis, the population variable is a high priority. Therefore stakeholders should treat population variables carefully.
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Grechyna, Daryna. "DEBT AND DEFICIT FLUCTUATIONS IN A TIME-CONSISTENT SETUP." Macroeconomic Dynamics 20, no. 7 (September 24, 2015): 1771–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100515000073.

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This paper compares the stochastic behavior of fiscal variables under optimal fiscal policy for the cases of full commitment by the government (Ramsey problem) and no commitment by the government (focusing on differentiable Markov perfect equilibrium). It shows that the cyclical properties of fiscal variables are similar for both commitment assumptions. These conclusions are robust to two different specifications of the structure of public bonds (risk-free and state-contingent) and to different sets of the parameters. The cyclical properties of fiscal variables, regardless of commitment assumptions, can be determined by the parameters of the utility function.
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Moreno Ayala, José Gerardo. "Clústeres fiscales municipales en la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey 2015." Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rfce.4508.

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Las zonas metropolitanas son el espacio urbano central del capitalismo global contemporáneo. Sin detrimento de su condición de nodos neurálgicos del sistema tecnológico, económico y político capitalista, son territorios fragmentados. Los gobiernos locales, quienes gestionan los espacios metropolitanos, enfrentan retos que requieren el conocimiento de sus condiciones fiscales. Los objetivos del estudio para la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey (ZMM) son: a) analizar la estructura de los ingresos municipales de la ZMM; b) determinar la capacidad fiscal autónoma y su dependencia de las transferencias federales, y c) construir clústeres jerárquicos municipales con base en las variables de capacidad fiscal autónoma, dependencia fiscal, capacidad de endeudamiento y capacidad fiscal total de los municipios metropolitanos. El método empleado es cuantitativo y apoyado por la técnica estadística de análisis de clústeres jerárquicos. Los resultados alcanzados son: a) la dependencia financiera hacia las transferencias federales determina el rasgo más importante y preocupante del perfil de la hacienda de los municipios metropolitanos; b) las transferencias federales son el concepto de ingreso que más ha aumentado la capacidad fiscal de los municipios y contribuido a reducir sus diferencias fiscales intrametropolitanas, y c) las capacidades fiscales autónomas de los municipios son el rubro de ingresos que caracteriza mayor desigualdad entre los municipios metropolitanos.
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Sutawijaya, Adrian, and Etty Puji Lestari. "PENERAPAN METODE VECTOR AUTO REGRESSION DALAM INTERAKSI KEBIJAKAN FISKAL DAN MONETER DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v14i1.151.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the interaction of fiscal and monetary policy in Indonesia, especially after the introduction of fiscal and monetary policy shocks. The research method used is the vector autoregression (VAR). VAR is usually used for projecting coherent system variables and time to analyze the dynamic impact of disturbance factors contained in the system variables. Variables used in this study is the level of interest rates as a proxy for monetary policy instruments, government expenditures as a proxy for fiscal policy, inflation rates and national income. The results show that fiscal policy is a negative shock to inflation and responded with a tight monetary policy, while the shock in monetary policy will reduce national income. The application of fiscal and monetary policies that will effectively promote economic growth.
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Basilio Morales, Eufemia. "Política fiscal contracíclica para el crecimiento económico en México." Revista Nicolaita de Estudios Económicos 12, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33110/rnee.v12i2.244.

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El presente artículo tiene por objeto; analizar la importancia que ha tenido lapolítica fiscal para el crecimiento económico en México, para lo cual se estudiael papel de los impulsos fiscales para incentivar el crecimiento económico delargo plazo; así como los efectos contra-cíclicos y pro-cíclicos de la política fiscal;analizando sus impactos en las variables macroeconómicas fundamentalespara el período 1960-2016. Los resultados del modelo estimado sugieren quecuando la política fiscal operó activamente, resultó favorable para el crecimientoeconómico; por tanto, el rol que potencialmente puede desempeñar lapolítica fiscal en la amortiguación del ciclo resulta una poderosa herramientadada la alta sensibilidad de la economía a diversos choques. Debe retomarseel papel activo de la política fiscal para aminorar los períodos de recesiónmediante el uso del gasto público e incentivar conjuntamente el crecimientoeconómico, ya que la actual política de corte pro-cíclico cuya única meta es elequilibro en las finanzas públicas, sólo ha generado condiciones de desequilibrioeconómico, alto desempleo, y una inequitativa distribución del ingreso.
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Harliyani, Eka Marisca, and Haryadi Haryadi. "Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jambi." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 3, no. 3 (March 3, 2016): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v3i3.3514.

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Abstract.The purposes of this study are to analyze the development of local revenue and expenditures in the Jambi Province, to analyze financial performance in view of the ratio of the degree of fiscal decentralization, the financial dependence, independence, effectiveness PAD, PAD efficiency and harmony of direct expenditures and) to analyze the effect of the financial performance on the Human Development Index (HDI). The analysis of statistics descriptive is used to describe and explain the data such as status/level variables were given in the form of a ratio/percentage, table graphs and diagrams. The data were also analyzed using several analytical tools to test classic assumption, multiple linear regression was used to test the hypothesis. The results showed that only 2 (two) variables (the ratio of the degree of fiscal decentralization and harmony direct spending) affect the HDI significantly. Meanwhile, three other variables (financial dependency, effectiveness and efficiency of PAD) do not significantly affect the HDI. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that the HDI in Jambi Province in the time frame of 2001-2014 was only influenced by the ratio of the degree of fiscal decentralization and harmony direct spending.Keywords : Fiscal decentralization, the local government financial dependency ratio, Human Development Index (HDI) Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perkembangan pendapatan daerah dan belanja daerah di Provinsi Jambi.Untuk menganalisis kinerja keuangan di lihat dari rasio derajat desentralisasi fiskal, ketergantungan keuangan daerah, kemandirian daerah, efektivitas PAD, efisiensi PAD dan keserasian belanja langsung dan untukmenganalisis pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Analisis ini adalah metode statistik deskriptif dengan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan data yang telah terkumpul secara deskriptif yakni satus/level variabel-variabel yang diamati dalam bentuk rasio/persentase, tabel grafik ataupun diagram dan dengan menggunakan beberapa alat analisis uji asumsi klasik, regresi linear berganda dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: dari varabel penelitian hanya 2 (dua) variabel yang signifikan berpengaruh terhadap IPM, dari ke dua variabel tersebut adalah rasio derajat desentralisasi fiskal dan keserasian belanja langsung. Sementara itu, tiga variabel yaitu: rasio ketergantungan keuangan daerah, efektivitas PAD dan efisiensi PAD tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap IPM. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa IPM di Provinsi Jambi periode 2001-2014 dipengaruhi oleh rasio derajat desentralisasi fiskal dan keserasian belanja langsung Kata kunci : Desentralisasi fiskal, rasio ketergantungan keuangan daerah, Indeks Pembagunan Manusia
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Rivera Presentación, Julissa Jhenifer. "Evasión tributaria y recaudación fiscal." Innovación Empresarial 1, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 6e. http://dx.doi.org/10.37711/rcie.2021.1.1.6.

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Objetivo. La investigación tuvo por objetivo contribuir con el diagnóstico de la evasión tributaria del rubro hotelero en el distrito de Amarilis y su impacto en los ingresos fiscales. Métodos. El enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada y nivel descriptivo correlacional. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos indican un nivel de correlación moderada positiva (0,366) entre las variables de estudio. Conclusiones. Se concluye que la evasión tributaria está relacionada con la recaudación fiscal en las empresas hoteleras del distrito de Amarilis, Huánuco.
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Wilantari, Regina Niken, and Imro'atul Husna Afriani. "Monetary and fiscal policy mix connectivity towards the business cycle in Indonesia." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i2.11489.

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This research is based on the magnitude of the influence of monetary and fiscal aspects, namely the money supply, exchange rates, government spending, and taxes on the business cycle in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the effect of the connection between the monetary and fiscal policy mix on the business cycle in Indonesia. For analysis purposes, secondary data was used in the form of time-series data from 1970–2017. The method used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to see long-term and short-term relationships. In the estimation results, it is found that in the long-term period, the monetary variables (money supply and exchange rates) and fiscal variables (government expenditures and taxes) have a significant positive effect on the business cycle in Indonesia.In contrast, the monetary variables that have a significant effect in the short-term period are only the amount variable money supply. There are no fiscal variables that have a significant effect on the business cycle in Indonesia. The interaction of monetary and fiscal policies is still effectively implemented in Indonesia.
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Lisa, Yulianus, and Priyagus Priyagus. "Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Perimbangan terhadap Belanja Langsung dan Belanja Tidak Langsung serta Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia." FORUM EKONOMI 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.29264/jfor.v19i2.2123.

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The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of Local Revenue and Fiscal Balance Transfers on the Direct and Indirect Expenditures as well as on the Economic Development in Indonesia. The variables in this research were Local Revenue and Fiscal Balance Transfers as independent variables whereas Direct, Indirect Expenditures and Economic Developments were the dependent variables. The sample included 33 provinces in Indonesia over the period of 2009 to 2013. The research findings indicated that the Local Revenue and Fiscal Balance Transfers had a positive and significant influence on the Direct and Indirect Expenditures. In addition, Local Revenue and Fiscal Balance Transfers had a negative influence on the economic development through Direct Expenditure and had a positive, significant influence on the economic development through the Indirect Expenditure.Keywords : Local Revenue,Fiscal Balance Transfers on the Direct, Indirect Expenditures and on the Economic Development in Indonesia
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Carlsen, Fredrik. "Migration Plans, Local Fiscal Variables, and Local Economic Conditions." FinanzArchiv 61, no. 2 (2005): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/0015221054553593.

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Okoro , A. Sunday and Oksakei , Y. Philomena. "Impact of Fiscal Deficits on Macroeconomic Variables in Nigeria." International Journal of Accounting Research 5, no. 1 (July 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0057202.

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Favero, Carlo A., and Massimiliano Marcellino. "Modelling and Forecasting Fiscal Variables for the Euro Area*." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 67, s1 (December 2005): 755–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2005.00140.x.

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Passamani, Giuliana, Roberto Tamborini, and Matteo Tomaselli. "Sustainability vs credibility of fiscal consolidation." Journal of Risk Finance 16, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-11-2014-0163.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain why some countries in the eurozone between 2010 and 2012 experienced a dramatic vicious circle between hard austerity plans and rising default risk premia. Were such plans too small, and hence non-credible, or too large, and hence non-sustainable? These questions have prompted theoretical and empirical investigations in the line of the so-called “self-fulfilling beliefs”, where beliefs of unsustainability of fiscal adjustments, and hence default on debt, feed higher risk premia which indeed make fiscal adjustments less sustainable. Design/methodology/approach – Detecting the sustainability factor in the evolution of spreads is uneasy because it is largely non-observable and may be proxied by different variables. In this paper, the authors present the results of a dynamic principal components factor analysis (PCFA) applied to a panel data set of the 11 major EZ countries from 2000 to 2013, consisting of each country’s spread of long-term interest rate over Germany as dependent variable, and an array of leading fiscal and macroeconomic indicators of solvency fiscal effort and its sustainability. Findings – The authors have been able to identify the role of these indicators that combine themselves as significant latent variables in boosting spreads. Moreover, the large joint deterioration of these variables is identifiably located between 2009 and 2012 and particularly for the group of countries under most severe default risk (with Italy and France as borderline cases). The authors also find evidence that the announcement of the European Central Bank Outright Monetary Transactions program has improved the sustainability assessment of sovereign debts. Originality/value – Dynamic PCFA is a rather unusual technique with respect to standard econometric tests of models, which is particularly well-suited to reduce the number of variables in a data set by extracting meaningful linear combinations from the observed variables that may concur to explain a given phenomenon (the dependent variable). These combinations, called “common factors”, can be interpreted as latent, non-observable variables.
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Ajmair, Muhammad, Abdul Ghafar Khan, and Uzma Bashir. "FISCAL POLICY AND SECTORAL GROWTH IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.469.

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Main objective to write this paper was to find out impact of fiscal policy on sectoral growth in Pakistan. Annual data for period 1980-2021 was used from world development indicators of World Bank (2021). ADF and PP unit root test were employed to check the stationarity of all variables. ADRL bound testing was considered as estimation technique because some variables were stationary at level and some were at first difference while no variable was stationary at second difference. Three models were estimated where dependent variables were agriculture, industry and services while independent variables were GDP per capita, total debt services, external balance on goods and services, and gross national expenditures. These most repeated variables are selected from existing empirical literature on impact of fiscal policy over economic growth. All variables related to fiscal policy affected agricultural sector positively and insignificantly except total debt services that has positive and significant impact on agricultural sector. GDP per capita, inflation and total debt services have positive and significant effect on industrial sector while this sector was affected negatively and significantly by external balance of goods and services and gross national expenditures. All explanatory variables showed negative and significant association with services sector except total debt services that has positive and significant relationship with services sector. The error correction terms for agricultural, industrial and services sectors respectively are negative (-3.185, -1.674 and -2.110 respectively) indicated that the system was stable and converged to the equilibrium track following a disturbance. All diagnostic and stability tests satisfied the basic requirements of model suitability. Keywords: Fiscal Policy, GDP, Agriculture, Industry, Services, Inflation
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Insanu, Fana Mustika. "Utang Pemerintah dan Fiscal Sustainability dalam Paradigma Ricardian Fiscal Regime di Indonesia." JURNAL DINAMIKA EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2020): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jdep.3.1.31-45.

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Ricardian fiscal regime is a paradigm where the government are "well behaved" dan rational in managing debt. This paradigm can be used to assess fiscal sustainability which is reflected through the positive effect between government debt and the primary balance ratio. Problems arise when government’s debt continues to increase but the primary balance ratio is in a negative position.This study aims to see whether the paradigm of the Ricardian fiscal regime occurs in Indonesia, which is reflected by the effect of government debt and some macroeconomic variables as explanatory variables, such as economic growth, government spending, 3-month SPN interest rates, inflation and Indonesian crude oil prices to the primary balance ratio to GDP in Indonesia in the period of 2010.Q1-2018.Q4. This research used Error Correction Model (ECM) as the method.The result shows that Ricardian fiscal regime occurs in Indonesia, reflected through government debt which has a positive and significant effect on the primary balance ratio in the long run, but does not have a significant effect in the short term. In addition, economic growth, government spending, 3-month SPN interest rates and inflation have a significant effect on the primary balance ratio in the long term.
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Sánchez Sierra, Antonio, Marco Antonio Daza Mercado, and Maricela Lemus Arellano. "Ética tributaria en México, reflexiones sobre su aplicación práctica." Proyecciones, no. 14 (November 13, 2020): 012. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/26185474e012.

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La ética tributaria es imperativa en los modernos sistemas tributarios, los Estados requieren de una recaudación óptima para cubrir y asumir en tiempo y forma sus múltiples obligaciones que tiene hacia sus gobernados. Dotar de los servicios públicos a millones de personas solo será posible si los ciudadanos están conscientes y educados del alcance de sus obligaciones fiscales y de la importancia que tiene asumir su rol de contribuyentes. Los principios doctrinarios fundamentales de los impuestos cobran una mayor importancia cuando se trata de legislar y de aplicar la ley con la mayor justicia posible, sin dañar y atentar contra el patrimonio de ciudadanos, pero sin descuidar el gasto público, por tanto la ética tributaria adquiere un papel trascendente y prioritario en la conceptualización de las obligaciones fiscales, no obstante sigue habiendo evasión fiscal, ¿Por qué existe la evasión fiscal? El presente artículo hace una breve reflexión en torno a las teorías ético tributario donde se trata de lograr una aproximación a la explicación social de este fenómeno fiscal. La aplicación práctica de la ética fiscal es compleja porque parte de un sinnúmero de posibles variables que los teóricos de la materia fiscal buscan resolver. Esta reflexión partiendo del contexto mexicano puede servir como un marco de referencia de la ética tributaria y su aplicación práctica en diversos escenarios tributarios del mundo.
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Tamberan, Yuan Williamson, and Romualdus Turu Putra Maro Djanggo. "IMPLIKASI TRANSFER FISKAL TERHADAP DISPARITAS INCOME." Musamus Journal of Economics Development 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/feb.v2i1.2478.

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This study aims to determine the implications of fiscal transfer to income disparity in Merauke Regency. The type of data used is time series data which began in 2010-2018 and the data collection was carried out using the documentation method sourced from the Central Statistics Agency of Merauke Regency and the Internet. Data were analyzed using regression analysis models with the help of SPSS 21 software. The results showed that partially or simultaneously fiscal transfers in the form of general allocation fund variables and special autonomy fund variables had a significant positive effect on income disparity variables in Merauke Regency. Keywords: fiscal transfer, income disparity, regional autonomy
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42

Vásquez Ruíz, Harold A., Rafael Rivas Cueto, and Raymer Díaz Hernández. "Evidencia sobre el ciclo político-económico en la República Dominicana." Ciencia y Sociedad 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 293–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cys.2013.v38i2.pp293-320.

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Utilizando data trimestral del periodo 1991-2012, se estiman modelos de series de tiempo para estudiar el comportamiento de variables fiscales, monetarias y reales en los periodos pre y post-electorales. Nuestros resultados indican que las tasas de crecimiento promedio del gasto fiscal aumentan significativamente en el periodo pre-electoral para luego disminuir en el periodo post-electoral. El comportamiento de las variables del sector monetario muestra evidencia de políticas que intentan suavizar este ciclo generado por el sector fiscal. Analizando el periodo 1978-2012 y discriminando por los tres partidos principales dominicanos (PLD, PRD o PRSC) encontramos diferencias significativas en el desempeño de la economía. Durante los gobiernos del PLD el crecimiento promedio real de la economía es 3.3% mayor y las tasas de desocupación e inflación son significativamente más bajas en comparación a los gobiernos del PRD y PRSC.
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43

Idowu, Onanuga, Ilo Bamidele, and Lucas Elumah. "Monetary and Fiscal Policies Interactions on Stock Returns in Nigeria." Binus Business Review 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v11i1.6082.

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This research examined the effects of monetary and fiscal policies on stock returns in Nigeria. The researchers utilized ex-post facto research design using the time series data of the annual market values of All Share Index (ASI) of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). It was yearly data on the various monetary policy and fiscal policy variables obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletins covering from 1985 to 2017. The result of the cointegration test reveals a long-run relationship between monetary variables and stock returns. Meanwhile, the overall result shows that monetary policy has a significant effect on stock return. However, there is no long-run relationship between fiscal policy variables and stock returns. Meanwhile, the result of the Unrestricted Vector Autoregression model shows that fiscal policy has a significant effect on stock prices in Nigeria. On the other hand, a long-run relationship exists between monetary policy, fiscal policy, and stock returns. It has a significant effect on stock returns in Nigeria. This implies that monetary and fiscal policies have a significant effect on stock returns in Nigeria. It is recommended that there is a need for the federal government to harmonize fiscal and monetary policies in the same direction and to equally design policies that promote a free market for the growth of the Nigerian economy.
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44

García, Carlos J. "Gasto fiscal y Dólar." Observatorio Económico, no. 130 (September 1, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.11565/oe.vi130.27.

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Sobre la relación entre el gasto fiscal y el dólar podemos decir una sola cosa segura, la conexión entre estas dos variables es compleja. Empecemos por el modelo Mundell-Fleming, que es enseñado en casi todas las universidades del mundo. Este predice que un aumento del gasto fiscal sube primero la tasa de interés y luego la moneda doméstica se debe depreciar. Una de las claves para entender esta predicción es la existencia de movilidad en los flujos de capitales internacionales. Continuar leyendo...
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45

Widiarsih, Dwi, Ranti Darwin, and Khairi Murdy. "Efektivitas Fiskal - Moneter: Strategi Pemulihan Ekonomi Provinsi Riau Dalam Menghadapi Era New Normal." Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Ekonomi (JIPE) 11, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/011122490.

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This research use an empirical test of long-term balance and co-integration between macroeconomic variables, fiscal policy and monetary policy. Fiscal policy is represented by government spending variables, while monetary policy is represented by the money supply. This study uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. The research variables are economic growth, government spending and the money supply. The research period uses the period 2010-2019. The data quality test used the unit root test with the Augmented Dickey Fuller test (ADF) method, to see the empirical data stationarity and the cointegration value of the variables. The research shows that the data is stationary in first difference. Based on the results of the VECM test, it can be concluded that there is a stable long-term relationship between variables and the research model. The results of data processing showed that the most effective policy for changing economic growth in Riau Province was fiscal policy, namely government spending. This can be seen from the contribution of fiscal policy to the variability of economic growth which is the largest compared to the contribution of monetary policy
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46

Stawska, Joanna. "Dependencies between Variables from the Area of the Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the European Union Countries." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.24.01.

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Research background: The core of coordinating a monetary and fiscal policy (policy mix) is based on combining both policies to achieve goals related to price stability, as well as economic growth and employment. In turn, the decisions of economic authorities in the monetary-fiscal game have a significant impact on economic variables in the economy. In the economic literature, the importance of monetary and fiscal policy coordination is emphasized as it has a positive effect on the stability of the economy. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to identify the dependencies between variables in the scope of fiscal policy and monetary policy under existing economic conditions and then assess their impact on the economy in the EU countries. Methods: To achieve this objective, the following research methods were used: a review of the scientific literature, a presentation of statistical data, and statistical research methods. Findings & Value added: The rationale for adopting such issues is to examine the impact of the financial crisis on the decisions of central banks and governments in the EU. The financial crisis has affected a change in the approach to conducting monetary and fiscal policy. The changing economic conditions forced economic authorities to take many decisions that affected the interaction between the central bank and the governments in the EU Member States. In many EU countries in the discussed period, there were significant interdependencies between variables in both monetary and fiscal policy.
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47

Bosch, N., and J. Suárez-Pandiello. "Fiscal Perception and Voting." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 11, no. 2 (June 1993): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110233.

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The effect of local fiscal policy perception on the electoral process in a representative democracy is investigated. The test is made by using an ordinary least squares regression on a sample of fifty Spanish municipalities. The dependent variable is the relative increase in the number of votes in support of the political party in power between the two previous local elections, and the independent variables are public investment and taxes collected by local government. The empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that fiscal perception affects voters’ behaviour.
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Neemey, Pooja, and Namita Sahay. "Indian Corporate Bond Market: An Analysis of Growth and Impact of Macroeconomic Determinants." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 23, no. 3 (July 24, 2019): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262919850925.

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Robust, deep and vibrant corporate bond markets are necessary to increase financial system stability of a nation, help the needs of credit and mitigate financial crises of corporate sector that is important for the economic growth. The present article focuses on Indian corporate bond market growth and its impact on some select monetary, fiscal and economic variables as this creates advantages for investors, corporates and governments from 2006–2007 to 2016–2017. The study used the secondary data collection method with the help of monetary, fiscal and economic variables as independent variables and yield rate as dependent variables. From the analysis, it was identified that a complete corporate bond market is associated with economic, monetary and fiscal variables neither negatively nor positively nor at a significant rate. The result of the analysis concludes that among all the selected variables, GDP in percentage is considered as the chief variable that is predominantly mandatory for India because it is commencing its bond market with the foreign participants.
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Lamba, Arung, Paulus K. Allo, and Ramasoyan Arung Lamba. "Effect of fiscal decentralization policy of regional economic imbalances towards economy growth in Eastern Indonesia." International journal of social sciences and humanities 3, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v3n2.298.

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The current research aimed at analyzing and knowing (1) the influence of fiscal decentralization policy towards economic growth in eastern Indonesia and (2) the influence of fiscal decentralization policy towards regional imbalances decline in eastern Indonesia. In order to reach the aims, panel data was analyzed. It was analyzed by accommodating information that related to cross-section variables and time series. The panel data, substantially, is expected to be able to decrease the problems of omitted-variables. Furthermore, regression effect analysis was applied for estimating the econometric model. The results of the current research have shown that: (1) fiscal decentralization policy influences growth of the regional economy, and (2) the relationship of fiscal decentralization policy with regional imbalance has confirmed that the decentralization fiscal has not got any ability to reduce the imbalances economy of eastern Indonesia.
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Chris-Ejiogu, Uzoamaka Gloria, Njoku Charles Odinakachi, and Awa Stanley Kalu. "ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY INSTRUMENTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA FROM 1985-2016." EPH - International Journal of Business & Management Science 5, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v5i4.91.

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The study carried out Econometric analysis of fiscal and monetary policy instruments on economic growth of Nigeria from 1985-2016 in order to determine the appropriate mix of both policies in promoting economic growth in Nigeria. Keynesian theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of the study. The study employed ordinary least square method and whereby the time series properties of fiscal and monetary variables were first examined using Diagnostic test such as Descriptive statistics of the data, followed by Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test and also Johansen cointegration test among the series using annual data for the period 1985-2016. Data were sourced mainly from Statistical Bulletin published by the Central Bank of Nigeria and World Bank Economic Indicator. The unit root test results revealed that all fiscal and monetary policy variables are non-stationary and attained stationarity at first and second difference. The result also showed that all the fiscal and monetary variables of interest co-integrated with the economic growth series in the country. This suggests that there is a long run relationship among fiscal and monetary variables and economic growth. The study, however, found that the current level of broad money supply, domestic interest rate, and government expenditure exerted negative influence on growth, while current level of exchange rate, and government revenue have positive effect on economic growth of Nigeria. Therefore, we recommend that fiscal and monetary policy instruments should be combined in making decisions that will promote economic growth of Nigeria both in the short and long run. The study concluded that fiscal and monetary are still complementary in promoting economic growth of Nigeria.
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