Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fish diseases

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fish diseases'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fish diseases"

1

Speare, David John. "Cleaner fish diseases." Journal of Fish Diseases 42, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12937.

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Kelly, Russell K., and Ken Wolf. "Fish Viruses and Fish Viral Diseases." Copeia 1989, no. 3 (August 8, 1989): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1445539.

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Alderman, D. J. "Fish viruses and fish virus diseases." Aquaculture 81, no. 3-4 (October 1989): 388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(89)90164-6.

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Patel, Ajay. "Fungal Diseases of Fish: A Review." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, no. 3 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000164.

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Now a day, fishes are used for biomedical researches along with use as a food also. Chemical contaminants of marine environments are of momentous concern. Similar to other flora and fauna, fish can also be ill with various types of diseases. Freshwater fishes are an important protein source for people of many countries. Fish farming in various parts of the world has increased many folds in the last decade. Bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia, lernaeasis, saprolegniasis and anoxia are the most frequently occurring fish diseases in pond fishes. Fungal infections are among the most general diseases seen in temperate fish. Water moulds infections cause losses of freshwater fishes and their eggs in both natural and commercial fish farms. Although, infection as a result of microbial contamination does not frequently result in disease but ecological stress may upset the balance between the probable pathogens and their hosts. Prevention is, as always, the best medicine. Most infe ctions can be successfully treated if caught early.
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Kim, Jae-Il. "Fish and Prion Diseases." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 4 (August 31, 2014): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2014.0341.

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Chai, Jong-Yil. "Fish-borne Parasitic Diseases." Hanyang Medical Reviews 30, no. 3 (2010): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2010.30.3.223.

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Haenen, O. L. M. "Diseases of freshwater fish." Veterinary Quarterly 18, sup3 (October 1996): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1996.9694714.

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Murphy, K. Marcia, and Gregory A. Lewbart. "Aquarium fish dermatologic diseases." Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 4, no. 4 (October 1995): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-937x(05)80019-2.

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Yanong, Roy P. E. "Fungal diseases of fish." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 6, no. 2 (May 2003): 377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1094-9194(03)00005-7.

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Khoo, Lester. "Fungal diseases in fish." Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 9, no. 2 (April 2000): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ax.2000.4623.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fish diseases"

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Ekman, Elisabet. "Natural and experimental infections with Flavobacterium psychrophilum in salmonid fish /." Uppsala : Dept. of Pathology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/v160.pdf.

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Feist, Stephen Wolfgang. "Inter-relationships of myxosporeans, including PKX with certain freshwater fish." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2755.

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The prevalence and impact of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) and myxosporidiosis has been investigated in wild fish stocks in the UK, over 1,500 fish representing 17 species being examined. PKD was recorded in brown trout, grayling and pike, the causative agent, the PKX cell, being identified with the aid of light and electron microscopy. A further 27 myxosporean species were also noted, with Myxobolus cotti (syn. M. jiroveci), in the brain of bullheads Cottus gobio being recorded for the first time. Studies on the structure and development of Myxidium lieberkuehni in pike revealed several previously undescribed features. Comparative morphological studies were undertaken to assess affinities of PKX with known myxosporean species. Results indicated similarities with early presporogonic stages of several myxosporean species, especially those belonging to the genus Sphaerospora. The apparent rarity of spore formation associated with PKX infections in the hosts examined focussed attention on species of Sphaerospora as possible sources of infection to salmonids. Studies concentrated on the possible involvement of the 3-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus and its renal parasite, Sphaerospora elegans, in PKD transmission. A re-description of this parasite (recently elevated to "type species" for the genus), was prepared. Laboratory experiments using rainbow trout PKX cells successfully transmitted the infection to rainbow trout, brown trout, brook trout and grayling; however sticklebacks challenged with PKX cells did not appear to become infected. Rainbow trout challenged with S. elegans spores and presporogonic stages showed no evidence of sphaerosporosis or PKD. Experiments designed to investigate the possible role of tubificid worms in PKD transmission provided inconclusive results. Field studies provided data on the pathogenesis of PKD in grayling and showed this species to be highly susceptible to the disease.
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Chen, Shih-Chu. "Characterisation of extracellular products produced by Mycobacterium spp. and their effects on the fish immune system." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17683.

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Mycobacterium spp. isolated from food and ornamental fish in Thailand (strains TB 1, TB40, TB267, TB268), and the type strains Mycobacterium marinum (NCIMB 1298), Mycobacterium fortuitum (NCIMB 1294), and Mycobacterium chelonae (NClMB 1474) were cultured in Long's medium, Eagle's minimum essential medium, Sauton's medium and modified Sauton's medium. The latter enabled excellent growth and production of extracellular products (ECP) from TB40, TB267, TB268 and M marinum in particular, whereas growth and production of ECP for all strains was limited in Long's medium. SDS-PAGE protein profiles of ECPs from 14 day culture supernatants showed major bands at 65, and <14 kDa. After 2 days culture at the higher temperature of 37°C (heat shock), the production of ECP from all mycobacteria strains except M marinum averaged approximately 4 to 10 fold higher than from strains cultured for 14 days at 28°C. The major fibronectin binding proteins from ECP of Mycobacterium spp. isolated from infected fish were identified at 21-25 kDa. Cross reactivity was detected between ECP from Mycobacterium spp. and MAb anti-heat shock protein (60 kDa) and MAb anti-M Tuberculosis. The 65 kDa antigen of TB267 is a strongly immunogenic protein eliciting antibodies in fish, rabbits and mice. Cross-reactivity was found between rabbit anti-65 kDa antibody and sonicated proteins from many other bacterial species. Therefore, the 65 kDa protein from Mycobacterium sp. isolated from snakehead fish may be a common protein in fish bacterial pathogens. Eighteen MAbs to TB 267 and M chelonae were produced. The epitopes to which the MAbs are against located on molecules susceptible to protease treatment. All MAbs recognized the 65 kDa protein. It is one of major proteins in the ECP, whole cell sonicates and lysates from Jv1ycobacterium spp. and is located in the peri plasmic space or cell wall, and is secreted in the medium during culture. A pnmary intraperitoneal (IP) immunisation of extracellular products (ECP) from Jv1ycobacterium spp., (strains TB40, TB267 or M marinum) mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), followed by a secondary IP injection at 8 wks, resulted in the elevation of both the non-specific immune response (by measuring nitroblue tetrazolium, lysozyme and phagocytosis activity) and the specific immune responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (by measuring specific antibody levels). Nile tilapia were immunised by injecting extracellular products (ECP) of Jv1ycobacterium spp. (strain TB40, TB267 or the type strain M marinum) into their swimbladders and this resulted in the elevation of the non specific immune response. The cytological response of rainbow trout head kidney macrophages to ingested Mycobacterium spp was examined in vitro. The bacteria had previously been opsonised with either fresh rainbow trout serum (FS), or serum which had been heat-inactivated (IDS), or rainbow trout antiserum against the extracellular products (ECP) of Mycobacterium strains TB267 or M marinum. MAbs against the ECP were also used as opsonins. Opsonisation of the mycobacteria was found to greatly enhance the phagocytic and killing activity of the rainbow trout macrophage.
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McLoughlin, Marian Frances. "A study of pancreas disease in farmed Atlantic salmon." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287360.

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Trimnell, Adama R. "Assessment of cell surface expression vectors for heterologous expression of peptides/antigens through the A-layer of Aeromonas salmonicida." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339514.

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Findlay, Cameron. "A study of lymphocyte heterogeneity in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259902.

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Jansson, Eva. "Bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fish : development of methods to assess immune functions in salmonid fish during infection by Renibacterium salmoninarum /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6352-1.pdf.

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McCarthy, Una. "Piscirickettsia salmonis : characterisation, infection and immune response in salmonid fish." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2711.

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The pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis, has been isolated from all species of salmonid and has been found in Chile, Canada, Ireland, Norway and Scotland. Rickettsia-like organisms from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were found to share common antigens with the P. salmonis type-strain, LF-89 using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, the DNA sequences of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) were compared with those published for P. salmonis strains and showed that the sea bass piscirickettsia-like organism (SBPLO) was another strain of P. salmonis, closely related to the salmonid pathogens. The ability of P. salmonis to survive and replicate within head kidney (HK) macrophages of rainbow trout infected in vitro was demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at various times post-infection (p.i.). However, macrophages derived from fish vaccinated against P. salmonis appeared to clear in vitro infection more rapidly than macrophages from naive fish. Polymerisation of filamentous actin within the cytoplasm of the host cell is used by some mammalian rickettsiae to achieve intercellular spread by actin-based motility (ABM). Both TEM and confocal microscopy were used to investigate possible actin tail formation by P. salmonis. No evidence of tail formation was found. Respiratory burst (RB) by P. salmonis was measured following exposure of rainbow trout HK macrophages to the organisms in vitro. Because of background stimulation of the RB by growth media and debris from the CHSE-214 cells used to culture P. salmonis, it was not possible to detect any effect of the pathogen on the burst. Schering Plough Aquaculture has developed a recombinant vaccine against P. salmonis. The ability of the vaccine to elicit a memory response against P. salmonis was investigated by measuring three different immune responses: a) the expression of iNOS was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect mRNA levels or by the Greiss reaction to quantify the end-products of nitric oxide metabolism in the serum. Increased iNOS expression was not detected in rainbow trout kidney or serum following vaccination/challenge with P. salmonis. However, iNOS expression was detected in gill tissue from naive trout which suggests that expression may be constitutive in this tissue. b) the production of macrophage activating factor (MAF) by lymphocytes from vaccinated trout, following stimulation in vitro with P. salmonis, was measured by the ability of supernatants from these cells to prime elevated RB in naive macrophages. No difference in priming ability between supernatants from vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish was detected. However, macrophages among the immune leukocytes used to produce the MAF supernatants did exhibit elevated RB compared with macrophages from non-immune fish, suggesting that vaccination had produced a population of lymphocytes capable of priming activation of macrophages. c) by screening individual sera concurrently against the rickettsial and CHSE antigen preparations, the antibody response to P. salmonis could be detected specifically and was found to increase significantly in immunised fish by 6 weeks post-vaccination. Specificity of the response was demonstrated by screening the sera against Aeromonas salmonicida.
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Burrows, Amanda Susan. "Cellular aspects of the immune response of the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1990.

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Peripheral blood leucocytes of the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, were characterised into 4 distinct groups following morphological, morphometric and histochemical examination. Total and differential cell counts were determined. Thrombocytes, the most abundant leucocyte type (52%), were highly mobile and encountered in several morphological forms. Granulocytes, representing 5.6% of the leucocyte population, histochemically most resembled the mammalian neutrophil. Both large and small lymphocytes (40.8%), were encountered. Monocytes were rarely observed (1.6%). Thrombocytes and monocytes were phagocytic in vitro at 12oc and 22oc, showing increased phagocytic activity at the higher temperature. The thymus was paired and consisted of a well developed outer cortex and an inner meduallary region. The spleen was bounded by a fibrous tissue capsule and contained a large volume of blood. Diffuse areas of red and white pulp, ellipsoids and melanomacrophage centres were apparent. Lymphocytes, thrombocytes and mature erythrocytes made up the cellular components. The kidney, located beneath the vertebral column contained haemopoietic tissue throughout. Excretory tubules were evident posteriorly. Cellular elements included developing granulocytes, large and small lymphocytes and melanomacrophages. Investigation of ontogenic development of the lymphoid tissue, from 24h post-hatch to the completion of metamorphosis (Day 63) revealed thymic, splenic and kidney rudiments all present at Day 4 with the first lymphoid cells appearing in thymus and kidney by Day 8. Splenic lymphoid cells and the development of areas of white pulp were apparent by Day 28. Differentiation of the thymus had occurred and melanomacrophage centres were seen in the spleen, completing structural lymphoid development by Day 63. Critical stages of lymphoid ontogeny were correlated with easily recognisable external morphological features. A study of the kinetics of carbon clearance by the reticuloendothelial system, revealed a phagocytic capacity in the spleen, kidney and heart. Splenic carbon was seen at 20min post injection, accumulating around ellipsoids and rising to a maximum level at 24h. By Day 5 carbon levels within phagocytes, by now more distant from the ellipsoids, had begun to decrease and carbon was seen within melanomacrophages. Levels of kidney carbon, present within large macrophage-like cells which increased in size forming larger aggregations, increased to a maximum at Day 3. Clearance appeared more rapid in the posterior kidney. Low level uptake was seen within the epicardium. Carbon uptake was not observed in the liver or gill. Kidney leucocyte migration in vitro was examined to a range of chemoattractants using a number of assays. 24h bacterial culture supernatants of Vibrio alginolyticus induced significant cellular responses. The under agarose assay demonstrated migration inhibition to 100%, 50% and 40% supernatant dilutions. Enhanced migration was detected to dilutions of 5-50% in the microchemotaxis chamber, being optimal at 20%. The leucocyte polarisation assay demonstrated cell orientation in response to I 00% culture filtrate and the capillary tube migration assay revealed cellular inhibition at concentrations of 10% & SO%. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) also induced migration in the filter-based assay, being optimal at to-7M. Cellular migration and orientation were observed in filter and polarisation assays to turbot serum, with normal and activated serum inducing elevated responses in the filter based assay. No response was detected by any of the assay systems to n-formylmethionyl-leucyl- phenylalanine (FMLP) or casein at any concentration tested. Results are discussed in relation to the cellular defence mechanisms of fish.
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Ronga, Evangelia. "The ecology, pathology and treatment of Discocotyle sagittata (Leuckart, 1842) in an intensive aquaculture system." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281991.

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Books on the topic "Fish diseases"

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Schäperclaus, Wilhelm. Fish diseases. 5th ed. New Delhi: Published for the United States Department of the Interior and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., by Amerind, 1991.

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Schaeperclaus, Wilhelm. Fish diseases. New Delhi: Oxonian Press, 1991.

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C, Eiras J., ed. Fish diseases. Enfield, N.H: Science Publishers, 2008.

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Schäperclaus, Wilhelm. Fish diseases. Edited by Kulow H and Schreckenbach K. 5th ed. New Delhi: Published for the U.S. Dept. of the Interior and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., by Amerind Pub. Co., 1991.

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Schäperclaus, Wilhelm. Fish diseases. 5th ed. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1992.

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Fish viruses and fish viral diseases. Ithaca: Comstock Pub. Associates, 1988.

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K, Woo P. T., ed. Fish diseases and disorders. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: CABI Pub., 2006.

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Smith, Stephen A., ed. Fish Diseases and Medicine. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429195259.

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Egusa, Shūzō. Infectious diseases of fish. Brookfield, VT: A.A. Balkema, 1992.

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Warren, James W. Diseases of hatchery fish. 6th ed. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fish diseases"

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Roberts, R. J. "Miscellaneous Non-Infectious Diseases." In Fish Pathology, 425–38. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118222942.ch11.

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Poppe, Trygve T. "Cardiac Diseases." In Fish Diseases and Medicine, 192–99. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429195259-10.

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Frasca, Salvatore. "Neurological Diseases." In Fish Diseases and Medicine, 257–69. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429195259-15.

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Davies, Simon J., Tharangani K. Herath, and Peter Bowyer. "Nutritional Diseases." In Fish Diseases and Medicine, 270–82. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429195259-16.

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Smith, Stephen A. "Gill Diseases." In Fish Diseases and Medicine, 134–49. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429195259-6.

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Lumsden, John S. "Musculoskeletal Diseases." In Fish Diseases and Medicine, 150–72. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429195259-7.

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Patel, Sonal, and Audun H. Nerland. "Vaccination against Diseases Caused by Betanodavirus." In Fish Vaccination, 341–51. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118806913.ch29.

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Karreman, Grace A., Patricia S. Gaunt, Richard G. Endris, and Nick Saint-Erne. "Therapeutants for Fish." In Fish Diseases and Medicine, 321–48. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429195259-19.

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Whipps, Christopher M., David T. Gauthier, and Michael L. Kent. "Fish mycobacteriosis." In Climate change and infectious fish diseases, 265–79. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243277.0265.

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Sundell, Krister, Eva Högfors-Rönnholm, and Tom Wiklund. "Vaccination against Diseases Caused by Flavobacteriaceae Species." In Fish Vaccination, 273–88. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118806913.ch23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fish diseases"

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Waleed, Ahmed, Hadeer Medhat, Mariam Esmail, Kareem Osama, Radwa Samy, and Taraggy M. Ghanim. "Automatic Recognition of Fish Diseases in Fish Farms." In 2019 14th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icces48960.2019.9068141.

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Ranaweera, I. U., G. K. Weerakkody, B. M. Eranda Kasun Balasooriya, N. H. P. Ravi Supunya Swarnakantha, and U. U. Samantha Rajapaksha. "Image Processing and IoT-based Fish Diseases Identification and Fish Tank Monitoring System." In 2022 4th International Conference on Advancements in Computing (ICAC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icac57685.2022.10025327.

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I.V., Golovinov, Vorobeva A.V., Alimova A.Sh., Gaidamachenko V.N., and Nebesikhina N.A. "APPLICATIONS ENVIROMENTAL DNA (eDNA) IN AQUACULTURE." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.47-49.

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Early detection and control of fish diseases is critical for aquaculture. Traditional monitoring methods are time consuming and often ineffective. Environmental DNA (eDNA) can be used to monitor waterborne infections in fish. The present study examined the application of environmental DNA to the monitoring of infectious diseases in fish in aquaculture. Literature data on the use of eDNA in the diagnosis of pathogens using various methods of molecular biology are presented.
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Basankin, A. V., V. M. Basankina, and M. P. Semenenko. "The epizootic situation of fish aeromonosis in the Krasnodar region, the prospects for the prevention and elimination of infectious fish diseases in the region." In SPbVetScience. FSBEI HE St. Petersburg SUVM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/3006-2023-8-7-13.

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Sucipto, Kusrini, and Emha Luthfi Taufiq. "Classification method of multi-class on C4.5 algorithm for fish diseases." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Science in Information Technology (ICSITech). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsitech.2016.7852598.

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E.A., Baiduk, Popova S.N., Karaseva A. Yu., and Tkacheva I.V. "PROBIOTIC PREPARATIONS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.18-20.

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The article provides an overview of scientific research on probiotics in fish farming and aquaculture. Analysis of the data demonstrates that probiotic drugs are effective and environmentally safe, so they are suitable for the whole system of aquaculture, having a very positive effect on the health of cultured hydrobionts, as well as the health of consumers. The worthy application of probiotics in aquaculture for the dynamic development of fish farming, reducing the spread of resistance to antibiotics and chemical agents, as well as for the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish farms is revealed.
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Han, Shengju, Youyou Wang, and Shangyu Nie. "Research on Fish Diseases along Coastal Waters in China Based on Web GIS Database." In 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2011.254.

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Miao-Jun, Xu, Zhang Jian-Ke, and Li Hui. "A Method for Fish Diseases Diagnosis Based on Rough Set and FCM Clustering Algorithm." In 2013 Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdea.2012.31.

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Hameed, Nazia, Md Mahmudul Hassan, and Alamgir Hossain. "An Explainable Real-time Decision Support System for Identifying Fish Diseases and Analysing Water Quality." In 2022 14th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/skima57145.2022.10029415.

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Dhavamani, Sugasini, Papasani V. Subbaiah, and Poorna CR Yalagala. "Enrichment of brain DHA through dietary LPC EPA/ DHA- Potential application for the Alzheimer disease." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/kemo3939.

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DHA (docosahexaenoic acid,22:6, n-3) is uniquely concentrated in the brain and is critical for normal development and function of the brain. DHA deficiency contributes to several neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas high dietary intake of DHA is negatively associated with incidence of AD. However, clinical trials using fish oil for improving memory in AD patients and animal models were unsuccessful. We propose that this failure is due to inability of currently available supplements to enrich brain DHA because they are absorbed as triacylglycerol which cannot cross blood brain barrier (Fig. 1). We recently demonstrated that DHA content of the brain can be nearly doubled in normal adult mice, and that their brain function markedly improved, by gavaging low doses (0.04g/kg bw) of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA. This is because LPC escapes degradation by pancreatic enzymes, and is taken up by brain through the Mfsd2a pathway (Fig. 1). Here we tested the hypothesis that brain DHA in AD mice can be enriched by dietary LPC-EPA/DHA and thereby prevent or delay the development of AD. LPC-EPA/DHA was prepared by lipase treatment of krill oil and blended with rodent chow to yield the final EPA/DHA concentration of 0.35g/kg diet and fed to 5XFAD mice for 6 months, starting at the age of 1month.Control group was fed fish oil containing EPA/DHA at the same dose in the form of TAG. Our results showed that LPC DHA/EPA significantly increased brain DHA in both male (+118%) and female (+127%) 5XFAD mice as compared to TAG DHA/EPA. LPC DHA/EPA also increases significantly brain EPA in both male (40-fold) and female (50-fold) 5XFAD mice as compared to TAG DHA/EPA. These studies could provide a novel nutraceutical approach for enriching brain DHA and for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Reports on the topic "Fish diseases"

1

Noga, Edward J., Angelo Colorni, Michael G. Levy, and Ramy Avtalion. Importance of Endobiotics in Defense against Protozoan Ectoparasites of Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586463.bard.

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Infectious disease is one of the most serious causes of economic loss in all sectors of aquaculture. There is a critical need to understand the molecular basis for protection against infectious disease so that safer, more reliable and more cost-effective strategies can be designed for their control. As part of this effort, the major goal of our BARD project was to determine the importance of endobiotics as a defense against protozoan ectoparasites in fish. Endobiotics, or antimicrobial polypeptides, are peptides and small proteins that are increasingly recognized as having a vital role in the innate defense of virtually all animals. One objective of our BARD project was to determine the antiparasitic potency of one specific group of endobiotics that were isolated from hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M chrysops). We found that these endobiotics, which we had previously named histone-like proteins (HLPs), exhibited potent activity against Amyloodinium and that the putative levels of HLPs in the skin were well within the levels that we found to be lethal to the parasite in vitro. We also found evidence for the presence of similar antibiotics in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Mediterranean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We also examined the effect of chronic stress on the expression of HLP in fish and found that HLP levels were dramatically decreased after only one week of a crowding/high ammonia sublethal stress. We also began to explore the feasibility of upregulating endobiotics via immunostimulation. However, we did not pursue this objective as fully as we originally intended because we spent a much larger effort than originally anticipated on the last objective, the attempted isolation of novel endobiotics from hybrid striped bass. In this regard, we purified and identified four new peptide endobiotics. These endobiotics, which we have named piscidins (from "Pisces" meaning fish), have potent, broad-spectrum activity against a number of both fish and human pathogens. This includes not only parasites but also bacteria. We also demonstrated that these peptides are present in the mast cell. This was the first time that the mast cell, the most common tissue granulocyte in vertebrates, was shown to possess any type of endobiotic. This finding has important implications in explaining the possible function of mast cells in the immune response of vertebrates. In summary, the research we have accomplished in this BARD project has demonstrated that endobiotics in fish have potent activity against many serious pathogens in aquaculture and that there is considerable potential to use these compounds as stress indicators in aquaculture. There is also considerable potential to use some of these compounds in other areas of medicine, including treatment of serious infectious diseases of humans and animals.
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Kotler, Moshe, Larry Hanson, and Shane Burgess. Replication Defective Cyprinid Herpes Virus-3 (CyHV-3) as a Combined Prophylactic Vaccine in Carps. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697104.bard.

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Aquacultured koi and common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) are intensively bred as ornamental and food fish in many countries worldwide. Hatcheries of carp and koi have recently suffered massive financial damages due to two viral diseases caused by the Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3), previously designated as Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus (CNGV) and Koi herpesvirus (KHV), and by the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV). CyHV-3 is a large dsDNA virus, which is infectious mostly to koi and common carp, while SVCV is a rhabdovirus with a relatively broad host range. Both viruses induce contagious disease with mortality rate up to 90%. Strategies for the control of viral infection in fish are of limited use. While efforts to prevent introduction of infectious agents into culture facilities are desirable, such exclusion strategies are far from fail-safe. Extensive vaccination methods that are useful for use in aquaculture facilities produce weak immunity, when used with proteins or inactivated viruses. Methods to overcome this obstacle are to vaccinate the fish with large amounts of antigen and/or use adjuvant and immune modulators over a long period. These techniques usually require individual handling of the fish. On the other hand, live attenuated virus is efficient and economical when used as an immersionvaccine. However, this technique poses certain environmental risks and thus may be difficult to license and scale up. Another option is a vaccine based on the replication defective virus (RDV) (pseudovirus), which can infect cells, but is unable to produce infectious particles. This vaccine may circumvent many of the problems related to attenuated-live vaccine (e.g., inadvertent infection and reversion to the virulent strain).
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Bacharach, Eran, W. Ian Lipkin, and Avigdor Eldar. Identification of the etiological agent of tilapia disease in the Lake of Galillee. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597932.bard.

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Background to the topic. Tilapines serve as the second most important group of farmed fish worldwide. Massive mortality of wild and cultured tilapia has been observed recently in Israel but the pathogen of this disease has not been identified. We proposed to identify the agent responsible for disease.  Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We characterized the lesions in diseased fish and found that the brain was one of the affected organs. We found conditions to isolate from brains of diseased fish the etiological agent of the tilapia disease and to propagate it in cell culture. This led to the identification of the pathogen as a novel RNA virus, which we named Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV). Electron microscopy of TiLV revealed virion-like particles and ether/chloroform-sensitivity assays demonstrated that TiLV is enveloped. Low passage TiLV, injected intra-peritoneally to tilapia, induced a disease with over 80% mortality. Cohabitation of healthy with diseased fish demonstrated that the disease is contagious, and that mortalities occur within few days. Fish surviving initial mortality were immune to further TiLV infections, suggesting the mounting of protective immune response. Screening cDNA libraries and high throughput sequencing determined the sequence of TiLV genome. This demonstrated that TiLV is indeed a novel virus and allowed the design of a PCRbased diagnostic test.  Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The characterization of a novel, emerging RNA virus that imposes major threat to the tilapia industry, enables the specific identification of the virus in tilapines. This allows prompt screening and surveillance of TiLV, epidemiological studies, and disease containment. This also potentially opens the way for the development of vaccines against TiLV.
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Vakharia, Vikram, Shoshana Arad, Yonathan Zohar, Yacob Weinstein, Shamila Yusuff, and Arun Ammayappan. Development of Fish Edible Vaccines on the Yeast and Redmicroalgae Platforms. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699839.bard.

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Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Betanodavirus (BTN) genome is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules. The larger genomic segment, RNA1 (3.1 kb), encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the smaller genomic segment, RNA 2 (1.4kb), encodes the coat protein. This structural protein is the host-protective antigen of VNN which assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). BTNs are classified into four genotypes, designated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), based on phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein sequences. RGNNV type is quite important as it has a broad host-range, infecting warm-water fish species. At present, there is no commercial vaccine available to prevent VNN in fish. The general goal of this research was to develop oral fish vaccines in yeast and red microalgae (Porphyridium sp.) against the RGNNV genotype. To achieve this, we planned to clone and sequence the coat protein gene of RGNNV, express the coat protein gene of RGNNV in yeast and red microalgae and evaluate the immune response in fish fed with recombinantVLPs antigens produced in yeast and algae. The collaboration between the Israeli group and the US group, having wide experience in red microalgae biochemistry, molecular genetics and large-scale cultivation, and the development of viral vaccines and eukaryotic protein expression systems, respectively, was synergistic to produce a vaccine for fish that would be cost-effective and efficacious against the betanodavirus infection.
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Bercovier, Herve, and Ronald P. Hedrick. Diagnostic, eco-epidemiology and control of KHV, a new viral pathogen of koi and common carp. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695593.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions-The proposed research included these original objectives: field validation of diagnostic tests (PCR), the development and evaluation of new sensitive tools (LC-PCR/TaqManPCR, antibody detection by ELISA) including their use to study the ecology and the epidemiology of KHV (virus distribution in the environment and native cyprinids) and the carrier status of fish exposed experimentally or naturally to KHV (sites of virus replication and potential persistence or latency). In the course of the study we completed the genome sequence of KHV and developed a DNA array to study the expression of KHV genes in different conditions. Background to the topics-Mass mortality of koi or common carp has been observed in Israel, USA, Europe and Asia. These outbreaks have reduced exports of koi from Israel and have created fear about production, import, and movements of koi and have raised concerns about potential impacts on native cyprinid populations in the U.S.A. Major conclusions-A suite of new diagnostic tools was developed that included 3 PCR assays for detection of KHV DNA in cell culture and fish tissues and an ELISA assay capable of detecting anti-KHV antibodies in the serum of koi and common carp. The TKPCR assay developed during the grant has become an internationally accepted gold standard for detection of viral DNA. Additionally, the ELISA developed for detecting serum anti-KHV antibodies is now in wide use as a major nonlethal screening tool for evaluating virus status of koi and common carp populations. Real time PCR assays have been able to detect viral DNA in the internal organs of survivors of natural and wild type vaccine exposures at 1 and 10³ genome equivalents at 7 months after exposure. In addition, vaccinated fish were able to transmit the virus to naive fish. Potential control utilizing hybrids of goldfish and common carp for production demonstrated they were considerably more resistant than pure common carp or koi to both KHV (CyHV-3). There was no evidence that goldfish or other tested endemic cyprinids species were susceptible to KHV. The complete genomic sequencing of 3 strains from Japan, the USA, and Israel revealed a 295 kbp genome containing a 22 kbp terminal direct repeat encoding clear gene homologs to other fish herpesviruses in the family Herpesviridae. The genome encodes156 unique protein-coding genes, eight of which are duplicated in the terminal repeat. Four to seven genes are fragmented and the loss of these genes may be associated with the high virulence of the virus. Viral gene expression was studies by a newly developed chip which has allowed verification of transcription of most all hypothetical genes (ORFs) as well as their kinetics. Implications, both scientific and agricultural- The results from this study have immediate application for the control and management of KHV. The proposal provides elements key to disease management with improved diagnostic tools. Studies on the ecology of the virus also provide insights into management of the virus at the farms that farmers will be able to apply immediately to reduce risks of infections. Lastly, critical issues that surround present procedures used to create “resistant fish” must be be resolved (e.g. carriers, risks, etc.). Currently stamping out may be effective in eradicating the disease. The emerging disease caused by KHV continues to spread. With the economic importance of koi and carp and the vast international movements of koi for the hobby, this disease has the potential for even further spread. The results from our studies form a critical component of a comprehensive program to curtail this emerging pathogen at the local, regional and international levels.
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David, Lior, Yaniv Palti, Moshe Kotler, Gideon Hulata, and Eric M. Hallerman. Genetic Basis of Cyprinid Herpes Virus-3 Resistance in Common Carp. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592645.bard.

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The goal of this project was to provide scientific and technical basis for initiating the development of breeding protocols using marker assisted selection for viral disease resistance in common carp. The specific objectives were: 1) Establishing families and characterizing the phenotypic and genetic variation of viral resistance; 2) Measuring the dynamics of immune response and developing a method to measure the long term immune memory; 3) Developing markers and generating a new genetic linkage map, which will enable initial QTL mapping; and, 4) Identifying genetic linkage of markers and candidate genes (like MHC and TLRs) with resistance to CyHV-3. The common carp is an important farmed freshwater fish species in the world. Edible carp is second only to tilapia in Israeli aquaculture production and ornamental carp (koi) is an important product in both the US and Israel. Carp industries worldwide have recently suffered enormous economic damage due to a viral disease caused by Cyprinid herpes virus 3 (CyHV-3). Aside from preventative measures, a sustainable solution to this problem will be to establish a genetic improvement program of the resistance of fish to the pathogen. The aims of the project was to take the necessary first steps towards that. The differences in survival rates after infection with CyHV-3 virus among 20 families from six types of crosses between three carp lines (two commercial lines and one wild-type carp) revealed that the wild-type carp and its crosses had a much-improved survival over the crosses of the commercial lines themselves. These crosses set the starting point for breeding of commercial strains with improved resistance. Resistant fish had lower antibody titer against the virus suggesting that resistance might depend more on the innate immunity. A set of 500 microsateliite markers was developed and the markers are currently being used for generating a genetic linkage map for carp and for identifying disease resistance QTL. Fourteen candidate immune genes, some of which were duplicated, were cloned from the carp and SNP markers were identified in them. The expression of these genes varied between tissues and suggested functional divergence of some duplicated genes. Initial association between CyHV-3 resistance and one of the genes was found when SNP alleles in these genes were tested for their segregation between susceptible and resistant progeny. The results of this project have implications to the development of viral resistant commercial carp strains and effective immunization against this aggressive disease. The genetic and immunological knowledge accumulated in this project will not only promote carp and koi production but will also contribute to a broader understanding of fish immunogenetics.
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of plant development by polycomb group proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695858.bard.

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Our genetic and molecular studies have indicated that FIE a WD-repeat Polycomb group (PcG) protein takes part in multi-component protein complexes. We have shown that FIE PcG protein represses inappropriate programs of development during the reproductive and vegetative phases of the Arabidopsis life cycle. Moreover, we have shown that FIE represses the expression of key regulatory genes that promote flowering (AG and LFY), embryogenesis (LEC1), and shoot formation (KNAT1). These results suggest that the FIE PcG protein participates in the formation of distinct PcG complexes that repress inappropriate gene expression at different stages of plant development. PcG complexes modulate chromatin compactness by modifying histones and thereby regulate gene expression and imprinting. The main goals of our original project were to elucidate the biological functions of PcG proteins, and to understand the molecular mechanisms used by FIE PcG complexes to repress the expression of its gene targets. Our results show that the PcG complex acts within the central cell of the female gametophyte to maintain silencing of MEA paternal allele. Further more we uncovered a novel example of self-imprinting mechanism by the PgG complex. Based on results obtained in the cures of our research program we extended our proposed goals and elucidated the role of DME in regulating plant gene imprinting. We discovered that in addition to MEA,DME also imprints two other genes, FWA and FIS2. Activation of FWA and FIS2 coincides with a reduction in 5-methylcytosine in their respective promoters. Since endosperm is a terminally differentiated tissue, the methylation status in the FWA and FIS2 promoters does not need to be reestablished in the following generation. We proposed a “One-Way Control” model to highlight differences between plant and animal genomic imprinting. Thus we conclude that DEMETER is a master regulator of plant gene imprinting. Future studies of DME function will elucidate its role in processes and disease where DNA methylation has a key regulatory role both in plants and animals. Such information will provide valuable insight into developing novel strategies to control and improve agricultural traits and overcome particular human diseases.
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8

Marks, David R. Mute Swans. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208745.ws.

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Mute swans (Cygnus olor) are an invasive species originally brought to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for ornamental ponds and lakes, zoos and aviculture collections. Original populations were located in northeastern states along the Hudson Valley but have since expanded to several Midwestern states and portions of the western U.S. and Canada. Mute swan damage includes competing with native waterfowl, destroying native plants, spreading disease, and colliding with aircraft. They are also considered a nuisance in some areas due to their abundant fecal droppings and aggressiveness towards people. Some have questioned the status of mute swans as an introduced species, but multiple reviews by scientists and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service clearly support the conclusion that mute swans are not native to North America. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act, therefore, does not protect mute swans, and management authority falls under jurisdiction of the states and Tribes.
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9

Eldar, Avigdor, and Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.

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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.
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10

Fish oil supplements do not reduce cardiovascular deaths in people with diabetes without existing vascular disease. National Institute for Health Research, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000689.

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