Dissertations / Theses: 'Fish market'

1

Singh, Smakshi. "Water Urbanism: Fish Market Design Proposal." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74989.

Full text

Abstract:

The first civilizations we have ever heard of were along the banks of mighty rivers like Nile, Euphrates, Indus and Huang. These civilizations developed along rivers as riverfronts provided opportunities for tradeand transportation, fertile land to grow crops, water for drinking, washing, livestock and other domestic uses and food in the form of fish. Gradually, they came to define cities, became a part of identities of people, such as "India" from "Indus," while, providing a sense of place and connecting the populace to nature. Yet rivers have often ended up being abused and neglected in our course towards urbanization. It is this "neglect" that needs to be shunned. The relationship with the rivers needs to be re-forged. To develop a strategy for this shift in attitude, this research has chosen the case of Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Bay is an estuary lying inland from the Atlantic Ocean. It has mainland North America to its west and Delmarva Peninsula on the east. It is the largest Estuary in the United States. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the Chesapeake Bay. The estuary provides habitat to several species of wildlife and aquatic life. Today, this bay faces many issues such as nutrient and sediment pollution, Storm water runoff, lowering of shellfish species etc. One of the major causes of the polluted bay is storm water runoff. Storm water washes pollution off the roads and other surfaces and takes them to the water. Stormwater is generally more polluted in urban areas than rural areas. This thesis, attempts to demonstrate what can be done with a typical pixel in the whole mosaic of the bay . The Maine Avenue Fish Market, sitting just upstream to the now being developed Southwest Waterfront, seems a perfect choice for this endeavor. This market, a small urban waterfront space, is ideal for exploring ideas and solutions to avoid water pollution by stormwater, cleaning the quality of water and also, in the process, develop the area in relation to the city and its surroundings. This thesis aims to establish an ecological and social relationship between the natural resource and the urban life.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Nelson, Madeleine. "Som fisken i vattnet." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170347.

Full text

Abstract:

Som fisken i vattnet, ett projekt som tagit sin utgångspunkt i att återigen skapa liv på Skeppsbrokajen. Förhoppningen med projektet har varit att skapa en fiskmarknad som inte bara är en mötesplats utan en attraktionskraft. Från tidig morgon till sen kväll sker ett skådespel av fiskaktiviteter. Projektnamnet Som fisken i vattnet har en historisk referens till fiskeköparnas sumpar, vilka fanns på platsen under början av 1900-talet. Marknaden har tack vare denna referens delvis placeras under befintlig kajnivå för att frigöra yta och skapa en lämplig miljö för livsmedel. Känsla av närhet till havet förtydligas genom en helglasad vägg, vilken är enda skyddet mellan Saltsjön och besökaren. Marknaden ligger i liv med kajen precis emellan två av Gamla stans gränder. Marknadens två våningsplan är anpassade för två typer av besökare; den snabbare förbipasserande kunden samt de kunder som vill uppleva marknaden till fullo. Visionen är att besökaren ska kunna följa fiskens rörelse och process bakom glasade väggar, från det att den kommer in till marknaden till förädling och försäljning.
Baltic fish tank is a project generated with the aim to recreate vivacity at Skeppsbrokajen by adding a fish market that is not only a venue but also an attractive force within itself. From early mornings to late evenings the market will offer a scene of fishing activities. The project name Baltic fish tank has a historical reference to the fish buyers sumps, which existed on the site during the early 1900s. The market is therefore placed under the existing quay level to free space on the embankment as well as create a suitable environment for seafood. A glass wall is the only thing separating the Baltic sea from the visitor and heightens the feeling of closeness to the ocean. The marketplace is situated in between two of the Old Town's alleys. The floors of the building are designed for two types of visitors; the client passing by and the consumer who wants the full fish market experience. The vision is to enhance the visitors’ experience, allowing the consumer to follow the fish from the fisherman’s hand to the cold ice display out in the marketplace. The entire process including the gutting of the fish is easily followed through the glass walls adding to a full transparency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Omar, I. H. "Market power, vertical linkages and government policy : The Malaysian fish industry." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382857.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

McGinley, Susan. "Market Grade Fish with a Side of Basil: Sustainable Aquaculture and Hydroponics." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622136.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Stefanus, Titania Vaida. "A case study of factors impacting on marketing of South African fish oil in the animal feed market." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1020.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2002
The growing and declining demand of the different fish oil application markets. The price of heavy furnace oil compared to fish oil selling price. (Heavy furnace oil is used to generate energy) . The research also investigated the impact of low price fish oil substitutes on the South African fish oil producers. The most important substitute in the current South African majority market, the animal feed market, is vegetable oils. The research finding is that the South African fish oil producers must follow the vegetable oil selling price trend. The most important finding of the research is the high priority the fish oil quality achieves in all the fish oil market segments. The South African domestic market is limited in that it is only the animal feed market and the refinery. export market. The alternative market to sell to is the However, the international fish oil market perceives the South African fish oil to be of low quality. A mindset regarding the importance of fish oil quality has to start at the South African fish oil producers. It is vital that the South African fish oil producers institute quality systems to improve their fish oil quality. The South African fish oil producers must gear themselves to become globally competitive.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Šáchová, Lucie. "Analýza trhu ryb a mořských produktů v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16802.

Full text

Abstract:

Diploma thesis describes the composition of fish meat and its inventions in the diet, shows the development of global fish consumption and the development of fish consumption in the country. Examines the current product portfolio and provides an overview of entities operating in the CR market. Based on the questionnaire provides a forecast likely future trends and anticipated developments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Mahieu, Alain. "Fish-farming in South Africa : a study of the market environment and the suitable species." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96760.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Emerging global trends towards sustainable development have placed emphasis on the need to create sustainable food value chains. Many food value chains are becoming weakened through their reliance on eco-systems that are deteriorating. Furthermore, while food systems are under threat, global food consumption is on the rise. The conundrum seems inescapable. Humanity’s food supply methods have moved on from hunter-gatherer characteristics apart from the exception of the fishing industry. The current generation may be the last to witness the wide-spread practice of fishing. Aquaculture, and in particular fish-farming, has begun to show much potential as a method of producing sustainable sources of protein. Whether this can be utilized in the South African context is a challenge that needs to be verified. This research, presented as two articles, explores the potential for the development of the fish-farming sector in South Africa, and recommends suitable species. Although there is some literature on how fish-farming may have a place in South Africa’s sustainability quest, it is scarce. This research aims to enhance the literature base on fish-farming in South Africa, as well as provide further evidence on what the true potential is for fish-farming in South Africa. This was done through a series of primary and secondary data collection methods that allow for a thorough analysis of fish-farming in South Africa and the species involved. The analysis revealed that the fish-farming sector and the cultivatable species in South Africa are met with an array of opportunities and challenges. Overcoming these challenges will open the doors to exploit the opportunities available.
AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Opkomende globale tendense weerspieël dat dit noodsaaklik is dat klem gelê moet word op volhoubare ontwikkeling en dat dit van uitterste belang is om volhoubare voedsel waardekettings te skep. Verskeie voedsel waardekettings raak verswak deur hul afhanklikheid van eko-stelsels wat vernietig word. Verder, terwyl voedsel stelsels bedreig word, is globale verbruik van voedsel besig om te verhoog. Dié raaisel lyk onvermydelik. Mensdom se huidige voedselvoorraad metodes het aansienlik ontwikkel van dié van die jagter-versamelaars, met die uitsondering van die visbedryf. Die huidige generasie mag die laaste wees, wat die wyd verspreide praktyk van visvang beoefen, om daarvan te getuig. Akwakultuur, in besonder vis-boerdery, het begin om potensiaal te wys as 'n volhoubare bron in die vervaardiging van proteïen. Of dit in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks gebruik kan word, is 'n uitdaging wat geverifieer moet word. Hierdie navorsing, wat aangebied word as twee tydskrifartikels, ondersoek die potensiaal vir die ontwikkeling van vis-boerdery in Suid-Afrika, en beveel ook gepaste spesies aan. Alhoewel daar sommige artikels is oor hoe vis-boerdery kan in pas in Suid-Afrika se soeke na volhoubaarheid, is dit skaars te vinde. Die navorsing beoog om die literatuur basis van vis-boerdery in Suid-Afrika op te skerp, en ter selfde tyd verdere bewys te gee oor die ware potensiaal van vis-boerdery in Suid-Afrika. Dit was gedoen deur 'n reeks van primêre en sekondêre data-insameling metodes wat voorsiening maak vir 'n deeglike ontleding van visboerdery in Suid -Afrika en die spesies betrokke. Die ontleding het getoon dat die vis-boerdery bedryf en die aankweek spesies in Suid-Afrika verskeie geleenthede en uitdagings in die gesig staar. Oorwinning van hierdie uitdagings sal dit moontlik maak om die beskikbare geleenthede te ontgin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Kaval, Pamela. "Public values for restoring natural ecosystems investigation into non-market values of anadromous fish and wildfire management /." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 4.96 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131573.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wilde, James D. "Analysis of a niche market for farm-raised black sea bass Centropristis striata in North Carolina." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/wildej/jameswilde.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Cardwell, Emma Jayne. "It's not fish you're buying, it's our rights : a case study of the UK's market-based fisheries management system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:adffcd93-ad2b-4f74-9d3d-a1b3d49fc264.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis, submitted for the Doctor of Philosophy in Geography and Environment, presents a case study of the development of the UK's market-based management system for oceanic fisheries. Implemented gradually in the years since 1984, the informal nature of the UK's fisheries management system, which has developed through a number of incremental changes and government-industry "gentlemen’s agreements" rather than clear legislative moves, means that few official policy documents (and perhaps consequently, little academic literature) on the subject currently exist. This thesis traces the material and political processes of market formation, looking at the origin of market-based policies in the theories of bioeconomics and wider economic history. It asks what the implicit assumptions of the economic discipline can – and can't – tell us about the impacts and outcomes of market creation, and using a Foucauldian inspired approach to economic performativity, discusses the role of ostensibly descriptive theories in shaping the world around them. Finally, it calls for a greater geographical engagement with marine issues, and proposes an action-research role for geographers in the politics of the sea.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Nobrega, Laura Carolina Oliveira. "O couro de peixe e seus benefícios na indústria têxtil e de confecção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-08092015-131941/.

Full text

Abstract:

O presente estudo teve como foco principal a observação dos benefícios do couro de peixe no mercado têxtil e de confecção. Foram comparadas amostras do couro obtido da pele de peixe com o couro bovino principalmente e também com couros oriundos de outros animais. O couro de peixe apresenta resistência superior à dos outros couros, especialmente à do couro bovino, sendo, neste caso, três vezes mais resistente. É também o único couro obtido posteriormente ao abate do animal. No caso específico do peixe, após o animal ser abatido para fins alimentícios, todo o resto da peça é reaproveitado. A pele vira couro, e o esqueleto vira revestimento automotivo e combustível para veículos automotores. Há, portanto, diversas opções de utilização. Ademais, essa utilidade traz benefícios também para o meio ambiente, não somente em decorrência de técnicas de reaproveitamento socioambientais, mas principalmente porque evita-se a poluição de rios e mares com o descarte, sem que sejam gerados entupimentos, poluição, intoxicações e inutilização da água
The main focus of this study is the observation of the benefits brought about by fish leather, specially when it comes to the textile and apparel market. Fish leather samples were compared to bovine leather mainly and to other kinds of leather. Fish leather shows stronger resistance, and it proved to be much stronger than bovine leather specifically, three times stronger. Fish leather is also the only leather to be obtained after the animal is slaughtered. In the specific case of the fish, everything that remains from the leftovers is used after the edible parts of the animal are set apart. Its skin becomes leather; its bones become fuel and coatings for automobiles. Therefore, there are plenty of usage options to be considered. Furthermore, such options are eco-friendly, not only because of the social and environmental reprocessing techniques involved, but also because they prevent the pollution of rivers and seas brought about by irresponsible disposal which may cause clogged drains, pollution, poisoning, and all sorts of contamination of the water

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Cawthorn, Donna-Maree. "Establishment of a genetic database and molecular methods for the identification of fish species available on the South African market." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18045.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (PhD (Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Consumers have the right to accurate information on the fish products they purchase to enable them to make educated seafood selections that will not endanger their own wellbeing or the wellbeing of the environment. Unfortunately, marine resource scarcity, financial incentives and inadequate or poorly enforced regulations have all promoted the mislabelling of fish species on global markets, the results of which may hold economic, conservation and health consequences. The primary aims of this study were to determine the most commonly available fish species on the South African market, to establish and compare DNA-based methods for the unambiguous identification of these species and to utilise the most applicable methods to evaluate the extent of mislabelling on the local fisheries market. The results from surveys of n = 215 restaurants and n = 200 retail outlets in four South African provinces (Western Cape, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Eastern Cape and Gauteng) indicated that 34 and 70 nominal fish types were available in restaurants and retail outlets, respectively, the most common of which were kingklip, salmon and hake. Over 30% of the fish species being sold were of conservation concern, while several outlets marketed specially-protected, illegal-to-sell species in South Africa. Fish purveyors were poorly equipped to provide information on the identity, origin, production method (farmed/wild) and sustainability of the fish they were selling and the labelling of many packaged fish products was in contravention with South African regulations. Data were published for the first time comparing the efficiency of five methods (urea-SDS-proteinase K, phenol-chloroform, salt extraction, SureFood PREP kit and Wizard Genomic DNA Purification kit) for the extraction of DNA from the muscle tissue of fish species available in South Africa. The SureFood kit was identified as the most suitable method for DNA extraction from fish muscle, extracting significantly (P < 0.05) higher DNA yields than all other methods evaluated and being simple and safe to use. A comprehensive reference library of genetic information was compiled for the first time that contains sufficient DNA sequence data from different mitochondrial DNA loci (16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 12S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes, as well as the control region) to allow the explicit identification of 53 fish species in South Africa. Although 16S and 12S rRNA gene sequencing allowed the identification of most fish to the genus level, the discrimination of closely-related, congeneric species was problematic when based on these gene regions. Conversely, the vast majority (98%) of fish examined could be readily differentiated by their COI sequences, with only members of the genus Thunnus requiring supplementary control region sequencing for species confirmation. Lastly, sequencing of the COI region was used to show that 9% of fish samples collected from local seafood wholesalers and 31% of samples from retail outlets were mislabelled. This study has established that fish mislabelling is a reality on the South African market and that DNA-based methods should be applied by both industry and regulatory bodies to deter illegal activities and to promote transparency on the domestic fisheries market.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verbruikers het die reg tot akkurate informasie rakende die visprodukte wat hulle aankoop. Hierdie inligting sal hulle bemagtig om ingeligte seekos keuses te maak wat voordelig sal wees vir beide die verbruiker se eie, sowel as die omgewing, se voortbestaan. Ongelukkig het 'n gebrek aan seelewebronne, geldelike aansporings en onvanpaste of swak geïmplimenteerde regulasies gelei tot die verkeerde etikettering van visspesies op die wêreldmarkte. Dit mag ekonomiese-, bewarings- en gesondheidsgevolge inhou. Die primêre doelwitte van hierdie studie was om te bepaal watter visspesies die algemeenste beskikbaar is in die Suid-Afrikaanse mark, om DNS-gebaseerde metodes vir die duidelike identifisering van hierdie spesies te vind en te vergelyk, en om die mees gepaste metodes te gebruik om die omvang van verkeerde etikettering in die plaaslike vismarkte te evalueer. Die resultate van opnames van n = 215 restaurante en n = 200 winkels in vier Suid-Afrikaanse provinsies (Wes-Kaap, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Oos-Kaap en Gauteng) het gewys dat 34 en 70 nominale visspesies in onderskeidelik restaurante en kleinhandelaars beskikbaar was. Koningklip, salm en stokvis was die mees algemene spesies. Meer as 30% van die visspesies wat te koop was is van bewaringsbelang, terwyl verskeie winkels spesiaal-beskermde, onwettig-om-te-verkoop spesies in Suid-Afrika bemark het. Visverkopers was swak bemagtig om informasie oor die identiteit, oorsprong, produksiemetode (teel/wild) en volhoubaarheid van die vis wat hulle verkoop het te kon gee. Verder was die etikettering van baie verpakte visprodukte in stryd met Suid-Afrikaanse regulasies. Vir die eerste keer is data gepubliseer wat vyf metodes (ureum-SDS-proteïenase K, fenolchloroform, sout-ekstraksie, SureFood PREP stel en Wizard Genomic DNS suiwering stel) vergelyk in hul doeltreffendheid om DNS vanuit die spierweefsel van visspesies wat in Suid-Afrika beskikbaar is te ekstraheer. Die SureFood stel is as die mees geskikte metode vir DNS ekstraksie vanuit visweefsel geïdentifiseer aangesien die DNS opbrengs betekenisvol (P < 0.05) hoër was met hierdie metode, en dit ook 'n eenvoudige en veilige metode is om te gebruik. 'n Omvattende verwysingsbiblioteek van genetiese informasie wat voldoende DNS volgordebepalingsdata van verskillende mitokondriale DNS lokusse (16S ribosomale RNS (rRNS), 12S rRNS en sitochroom c oksidase I (COI) gene, sowel as die kontrolegebiede) bevat, is vir die eerste keer opgestel om die besliste identifisering van 53 visspesies in Suid-Afrika toe te laat. Alhoewel 16S en 12S rRNS geenvolgordebepaling die identifisering van meeste visse op genusvlak toegelaat het, was die diskriminasie van naby-verwante, gelyksoorting spesies problematies wanneer hierdie geengebiede gebruik is. Die oorgrote meerderheid (98%) vis wat ondersoek is geredelik onderskei op grond van hul COI volgordebepalings, met slegs lede van die genus Thunnus wat addisionele kontrolegebied volgordebepaling vir spesies bevestiging vereis het. Laastens, is volgordebepaling van die COI-gebied gebruik om te wys dat 9% van die vismonsters van plaaslike seekosgroothandelaars en 31% van die monsters van kleinhandelaars verkeerd geëtiketteer is. Hierdie studie het bevestig dat die verkeerde etikettering van vis in Suid-Afrika 'n realiteit is, en dat DNS-gebaseerde metodes gebruik moet word deur die industrie sowel as die regulerende liggame om onwettige aktiwiteite teen te werk en om deursigtigheid in plaaslike vismarkte te bevorder.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Hallström, Gustav. "Som fisken i vattnet på torra land." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168579.

Full text

Abstract:

Vad gör en fiskmarknad i Stockholm? Projektet, som utgår från idén om en fiskmarknad på Skeppsbron i Gamla stan, har fokuserats på en alternativ lösning där fisk och grönsaker odlas i ett slutet system – akvaponi. Anledning till den alternativa ingången är Östersjöns dåliga hälsotillstånd, som är en följd av en lång tids ogenerade föroreningar. Östersjöfisken är i dag förbjuden att sälja som matfisk inom EU, men svenska politiker har aktivt sökt, och fått, dispens för en inhemsk försäljning av den förgiftade fisken. Kvinnor och barn avråds i dag från att äta östersjöfisk mer än tre gånger per år. Är det då hållbart att viga en så central plats som Skeppsbron åt en romantiserad fiskhall som bär färre än hundra ”lokala” fiskare under armarna, och som riktar sig till ett smalt, i huvudsak manligt kundsegment? En strategi formas för att kunna tillgodose en fiskmarknad med enbart fisk odlad på plats, samtidigt som den inre organisation och stadsrummet tas i beaktan.
What is a fish market doing in Stockholm? The project, based on the idea of a fish market on Skeppsbron in the old town of Stockholm (Gamla stan), has its focus on an alternative solution where fish and vegetables are grown in a closed system – aquaponics. The reason for the alternative solution is the bad health situation for the Baltic sea, which is the outcome of a long period of unashamed polluting. The fish from the Baltic sea is illegal to sell as food within the EU, but Swedish politicians have actively sought, and received, exemption for a regional trade with the poisoned fish. Women and children are advised to refrain from eating fish from the Baltic sea more than three times per year. Is it then sustainable to use such a central place as Skeppsbron for a romanticized fish market that pays for less than a hundred “local” fishermen, and that addresses a narrow, mainly male segment? A strategy is formed to provide for a fish market with only fish bred on location, at the same time taking in consideration the inner organization and the cityscape.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Planello, Débora Rosche Ferreira. "Estudo exploratório do mercado da tilápia no estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74134/tde-05102015-093142/.

Full text

Abstract:

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um estudo exploratório sobre o mercado da tilápia no estado de São Paulo, identificando os tipos de produtos oferecidos, estimando as quantidades comercializadas e consumidas, analisando os preços dos produtos e propondo melhorias no processo de comercialização. Para tanto, os determinantes de oferta e demanda foram levantados por meio de duas abordagens, uma exploratória e outra descritiva, baseadas em dados primários e secundários. Além das consultas feitas às referências disponíveis na literatura, pesquisas a campo, entrevistas e aplicação de questionário junto a consumidores foram realizadas. Para a análise dos resultados obtidos, a teoria da organização industrial (OI) foi utilizada para auxiliar nas conclusões de como os processos de mercado estão orientando os produtores a atenderem a demanda por tilápia, o que parece está falhando, e o que poderia ser ajustado para atingir um padrão satisfatório. Em suma, o estado de São Paulo produz aproximadamente 50.000 t de tilápia anualmente e, os seus consumidores consomem menos de 100 g de tilápia por semana. O estado é o quarto maior consumidor desta espécie de peixe, segundo dados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar de 2008-2009 e o maior consumo está concentrado nas classes com renda abaixo de R$ 2.490,00. O produto mais comercializado e consumido é a tilápia inteira e o motivo mais apontado por consumidores como sendo a causa de não consumirem mais foi \"não ter o hábito de comprar\". Além dessas conclusões, verificou-se que o país ainda não participa de forma significativa do mercado exportador de tilápia, apesar de uma demanda internacional grande e crescente, principalmente pelos Estados Unidos. Considerando que a carne desta espécie de peixe é bem aceita pelos consumidores devido suas características nutricionais, sensoriais e ausência de espinhas em \"Y\", e considerando as perspectivas do varejo, conclui-se que a demanda interna deve aumentar nos próximos anos. Há oportunidade de reduzir o custo de produção, elevar a rentabilidade da indústria via aproveitamento dos subprodutos e investir em processamento e inovação para atender às exigências do consumidor. Para tanto, é preciso que mais dados e estatísticas sejam gerados, com maior periodicidade, para que pesquisas e análises de viabilidade de negócios e investimentos sejam possíveis de serem realizadas, refletindo a realidade e permitindo projeções mais plausíveis.
This study aimed to develop an exploratory study on the tilapia market in the state of Sao Paulo, identifying the types of products offered, estimating the quantities sold and consumed, analyzing the product´s prices and proposing improvements in the commercialization process. Therefore the supply and demand determinants were raised through two approaches, exploratory and other descriptive, based on primary and secondary data. In addition to the research on the references available in the literature, field research, interviews, and an application of questionnaires to end-consumers were carried out. From the analysis of the results obtained, the industrial organization theory was used to aid the findings of how market processes are driving producers to meet the demand for tilapia, what seems to be failing, and what should be adjusted to an ideal standard. In short, the state of Sao Paulo produces about 50.000t tilapia annually and the population consumes, generally less than 100g of tilapia per week. The state is the fourth largest consumer of this kind of fish, according to the Household Budget Survey of 2008-2009, and the highest consumption is concentrated in the classes with income below R$ 2,490.00. The product most marketed and consumed is the whole tilapia, and the reason most mentioned by consumers as being the cause of not consuming more was \"not have the habit of buying\". In addition to these conclusions, it was found that the country still does not participate significantly in the tilapia exporter market, despite a large and growing international demand, especially by the United States. Whereas the meat of this fish species is well accepted by consumers because of its nutritional characteristics, sensory and absence of spines on \"Y\" and, considering the retail perspective, it is concluded that the domestic demand for this fish shall increase in the coming years. There is an opportunity to reduce production costs, increase profitability via the use of industrial by-products and investments in processing and innovation to meet consumer demands. Therefore, it is necessary that more data and statistics are generated with greater frequency, so that the research and business feasibility analysis and investment in this sector are able to be made, reflecting the reality and allowing projections more plausible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kelling, Ingrid. "Knowledge is power? : a market orientation approach to the global value chain analysis of aquaculture : two cases linking Southeast Asia and the EU." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12941.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis adds the market orientation approach to a global value chain analysis of four farmed seafood value chains from two Asian countries to the EU. The overall aim of the research is to critically evaluate whether, and to what extent, access to market information is the key to unlocking the potential of developing countries to create greater value: whether knowledge is power. The objectives of the thesis are therefore to explore the process of generating market information in seafood value chains from Asia to the EU; understand under what conditions market information is, is not or is only partially disseminated; and, evaluate the role of market information in responses by chain agents that create value. In order to achieve these objectives, fieldwork was conducted along the length of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from Bangladesh, and shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Thailand to the EU. The EU is the world’s largest single market for imported fish and fishery products. France, Germany and the UK were selected for fieldwork as they are primary importers of the species from the selected countries. The research found that although increased knowledge is necessary, it is not a sufficient condition for increased value creation. Instead, the research advances existing understanding of seafood value chains by revealing that successful integration of developing country producers into global markets is partly dependent on governance and industry development in the exporting country. Weaknesses in these structures and relationships undermine supplier power by reducing access to market information, lessening incentives for sharing information, and restricting response capabilities. A number of methods for overcoming these constraints were found in the chains examined, focusing on direct links between market and value chain agents. Importantly, the research found that integration is also dependent on the willingness of those with a market presence in importing countries to share knowledge and power. Critically, the research has led to the conclusion that the possession of market information is one way for value chain agents, particularly those downstream, to guard knowledge and power for themselves. A better understanding of seafood markets and an improved analysis of aquaculture value chains from Asian countries to the EU revealed through the research will facilitate public and private responses that focus on the competitive advantage of the whole chain as a means to more sustainable development. This may well promote new chain configurations that place a premium on stronger and more collaborative linkages, increasing coordination between weak and strong suppliers and contribute to private sector development assistance. Only when knowledge is shared and suppliers gain power, will the market orientation of seafood value chains be improved, if not optimised.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Yabaki, Tamarisi, and n/a. "WOMEN�S LIFE IN A FIJIAN VILLAGE." University of Canberra. School of Education and Community Studies, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070525.122849.

Full text

Abstract:

The impact of the market economy is a significant challenge facing Fijian rural communities. It is especially challenging for indigenous rural women who are managing the shift from a subsistence way of living to engagement in money generating activities. The challenge is more acute amongst disadvantaged populations such as women in rural communities who lack the resources and the political power to manage these challenges. The thesis provides a critical ethnographic, action-research study of the daily socioeconomic experiences of a group of Fijian village women, at this time of significant change. It provides and in-depth case study of a rural Fijian village located in the upper reaches of the Sigatoka Valley. The case study focuses on the women�s perspectives about their daily lived experiences and actions that followed from reflection on these, drawing out from these implications for indigenous Fijian women�s social progress and development. Herself, a member of the community, the researcher gathered data by a combination of participant observation, survey, diaries, focus groups and interviews. The researcher�s observations and understandings were fed back to the participants in the form of a workshop with the intention of confirmation and to provide and opportunity for action based on this reflection. It is argued that the success of managing the influence of the market economy on the villagers is to create social and political spaces and opportunities to hear and understand local epistemologies and daily lived experiences, reflexively. As an indigenous scholar, the researcher interrogates and deconstructs her own academic epistemologies and positions as a knowledge broker in order to co-construct new practices with her people. The research promises to make public Fijian village women�s knowledge, values, practices and experiences so that they can be understood by local scholars and local government development officers. Privileging the village women�s knowledge and bringing it to the core is a significant political act that might form the basis of proceeding political encounters that women will face in the development process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Asmah, Ruby. "Development potential and financial viability of fish farming in Ghana." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/461.

Full text

Abstract:

The potential for aquaculture development to make up for an annual 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish supply was investigated. This involved an overview of the sector to determine its trends and operations and identifying strengths and constraints, a financial viability assessment of the sector, based on mode and levels of operation of existing farms, an assessment of the market and trade for cultured fish with a focus on Oreochromis niloticus, and finally, a GIS approach to update and reassess the potential for aquaculture development in Ghana. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources, the former, via fish farmer, dealers and consumer questionnaire surveys. Results of the study showed that interests in fish farming continue to grow with an overall annual average growth rate of 16% since 2000. The existing farms, 1300 in number were however very small with a mean farm size of 0.36ha and a median 0.06ha of which commercial farms accounted for less than 3%. Based on sizes, mode of operation and levels of input and output, five subsistence farm types were identified. Mean production from these pond-based farms ranged from 1436kg/ha/yr- to 4,423kg/ha/yr while that of a medium sized intensive commercial pond farm was 45,999kg/ha/yr. Commercial farming accounted for about 75% of 2006 aquaculture production. The main strength identified was the growing interest in both commercial and non-commercial fish farming and the main constraints were lack of quality seed, low levels of technical support and of knowledge in fish farming practices among non-commercial farmers. Net profits of commercial farms ranged from GH¢ 3,341 (US$3480)/ha/yr to GH¢ 51,444 (US$ 53,587)/ha/yr with payback from 1 to 4yrs, IRR at 35% to 105% and NPV from GH¢ 5,898 to GH¢ 236,412. By contrast, only two of the five non-commercial farm types made positive net returns ranging, from GH¢158 to GH¢1100/ha/yr, with minimum payback period of 14yrs, NPVs of less than 1 and the best IRR being just 4%, when initial capital requirements are full costed. Uncosted family labour inputs and negligible land opportunity costs improved viabilities for two farm types, where net returns/ha/yr increased by more than 50%, minimum payback dropped to 2 years, NPV from GH¢ 4839 to GH¢ 9330 and minimum IRR of 45%. Main constraints identified as affecting the profitability of subsistence farming were the relatively low prices of fish and the low levels of output which could be improved through better farming practices. From the market survey, a huge market potential for tilapia was identified with a current supply deficit of 41,000mt. The most preferred sizes by consumers and with potentially good market price for traders were those weighing at least 200g. For dealers, trading in cultured fish was found to be more profitable than trading wild capture tilapia because of lower wholesaler prices, gross profit margins were GH¢ 0.49/kg and GH¢ 0.25/kg respectively. Preference for tilapia was influenced by taste, availability, and its perceived health benefit. A key constraint to the sector was poor post-harvest handling and preservation of the fish resulting in shorter shelf life. From the GIS study, 2% (3,692 km2) of available land area was identified as very suitable for subsistence and about 0.2% (313.8km2) for commercial farming. A further 97.4% and 84.0% were identified as suitable for subsistence and commercial farming respectively. Areas with potential for cage culture were also identified, which were largely in the southern and mid-sections of the country. The overall conclusions are that based on natural resource requirements, market potential and financial viability, Ghana has the potential to totally make up the shortfall in domestic fish supply through aquaculture production. The current 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish production can be achieved by 2020 by increasing overall aquaculture production by 60% per annum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Fored, Simon. "Skeppsbrohallen." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168756.

Full text

Abstract:

Mitt projekt bygger på den traditionella saluhallen med ljus ovanifrån. Tunga väggar av tegel och en hög takhöjd skapar en upplevelse som förknippas med en myllrande marknadsplats. Samtidigt bidrar det böjda taket av trä till att lätta upp den strikta formen. I taket ligger dessutom ett lager akustikdämpning som förhindrar att ljudnivån blir för hög, vilket annars är en risk i det stora rummet och de hårda väggytorna. Den centrala gången framhävs genom en ökad rymd. Byggnaden tar upp stor plats längst kajen, men är tänkt som en förlängning av gatan med sina breda entréer. Platsen på Skeppsbron tillåter ett stort tillägg och är tvärtom i behov av en destination. Byggnaden är framför allt planerad i ett plan för att minska takhöjden och inte bryta siktlinjerna från intilliggande hus och kajkanten. Där Tullhus 3 tidigare endast lämnade en smal gång för fotgängare och cyklister finns nu en bred väg under tak. Marknaden är mestadels introvert för att skapa rummet där allt händer på en gång. Fisk säljs över disk samtidigt som restaurangen med det öppna köket ligger några meter därifrån. Under sommaren, då borden flyttats ut i solen, kan man cykla hela vägen fram till fiskdisken. Mot vägen, i västlig riktning, ligger marknadens egna renseri där de passerande kan följa fiskhanteringen, och på så sett se den gå från nyfångad till tillagad. Från kontorets balkong bevittnas hela spektaklet.
My project is built on the traditional hall with light from above. Heavy brick walls and a raised ceiling create the feeling associated with a crowded marketplace. At the same time, the flowing wooden ceiling loosens the strict boundaries. Furthermore, the ceiling contains a layer of acoustic absorbers with the purpose of restraining the level of noise in the hall. The central walkway is highlighted through an increased volume and raised ceiling. The Ship’s Bridge is in need of a destination, hence the markets big impact on the site. However, the passing pedestrians and cyclists are now reserved a wider passage than before. The Ship’s Bridge Market is an introvert building to promote the meeting place where everything happens at once. Fish is being sold over the counters while the restaurant, with its open kitchen, is just a few steps away. During the summer, when the tables has been moved outside, you can bring your bike all the way in. The fish is being delivered and handled and from the office on the second floor you are able to watch the entire spectacle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Sonoda, Daniel Yokoyama. "Demanda por pescados no Brasil entre 2002 e 2003." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-28022007-151841/.

Full text

Abstract:

O consumo per capita de pescados no Brasil é relativamente baixo quando comparado com as outras proteínas de origem animais. Do lado da oferta, este fenômeno está relacionado com diversos fatores como, por exemplo, a sobre pesca, a baixa produção nacional, a distância entre centros produtores e consumidores etc. Este trabalho aborda os fatores que estão ligados à sua demanda, tais como: a influência dos preços e da renda da população no seu consumo. Inicialmente, caracterizou-se o problema da oferta de pescados no Brasil. Em seguida, foi feita uma revisão sobre a teoria econômica e o método de cálculo da função e de suas elasticidades para a forma funcional conhecida por Almost Ideal Demand System - AIDS. A partir dos microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar - POF 2002-2003, fez-se uma análise descritiva da demanda por pescados no Brasil. Finalmente, foram estimadas as funções demanda e calcularam-se as elasticidades para dois tipos de agrupamentos: um que considerou 5 grupos de proteínas animais e o outro com 7 grupos de alimentos. Estas funções foram estimadas para o Brasil e para duas macro-regiões: Norte-Nordeste e Centro-Sul. Os principais resultados são: o consumo per capita de pescados é baixo porque poucos domicílios consomem pescados. O consumo de pescado da Região Norte-Nordeste é significativamente diferente do padrão observado na Região Centro-Sul do país. Os principais produtos substitutos aos pescados no país são as proteínas mais elaboradas e não as carnes mais tradicionais como a de aves e as vermelhas. Os supermercados são os pontos de vendas mais utilizados pelos consumidores de pescados de renda mais elevada, principalmente na Região Centro-Sul, mas os pequenos estabelecimentos comerciais também possuem grande importância na comercialização de pescados para o consumidor final, principalmente, na Região Norte-Nordeste.
Per capita consumption of fish in Brazil is relatively small as compared to other animal proteins. On the supply side, this phenomenon can be explained by several factors such as: low national fish production, the distance between fish supply regions and the main consumptions centers etc. This study analyses the influence of prices and population income on the demand of fish in Brazil. First, the problem of fish supply in Brazil is characterized. It is followed by reviews of the relevant economic theory and the methods of the function and the elasticity calculations for a functional form known by Almost Ideal Demand System - AIDS. A descriptive analysis of fish demand in Brazil using the microdata called the Familiar Budget Research - POF 2002-2003 is presented. Finally, demand functions and their elasticities are calculated for two different cases: one considering 5 groups of animal proteins and other with 7 groups of food categories. These functions are estimated for Brazil as a whole and two macro-regions: Northnortheast and Center-South. The main results are: per capita consumption of fish is low in Brazil because few households consume fish. The pattern of fish consumption in the North-Northeast Region is different as compared to the Center-South. The main substitutes for fish are the processed proteins and not the traditional types of meat as chicken and red meat. For high income households located mainly in Center-South Region, fish are mainly purchased in supermarkets. However, small commercial establishments are still important in the fish retail market, especially in the North-Northeast.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Brandberg, Corinne. "Rökeriet." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168937.

Full text

Abstract:

mat är en del av dagarna vi lever. fisk är en del av staden vi bor i. nu som då möts vi där - vid bordet, över disken, i hamnen.på skeppsbron är avstånden små och stora. den sociala scenen och hamnens råhet är båda en del av karraktären. så har platsen alltid fungerat och spåren finns i var gatsten. genom renseriet, rökeriet och bistron får gästerna ta del av hela fiskens förädlingsprocess. från den ocensurerade rensningen, beredningen i rökeriet till den tillagade måltiden i bistron.de tullhus i funkisstil som idag ses på kajen talar om skeppsbron i alla dess lager. paul hedqvists enkla bruksarkitektur är beviset på insikter vi kan lära av. genom att bevara tullhuset och låta bistron ta rum i det slitna skalet rycks inga lager bort.min byggnad består av två volymer - renseriet och rökeriet. precis som tullhusen är de varierande i skala och interiöra material. besökaren ska kunna läsa av processen i arkitekturen. rensieriets kala betong mot rökeriets kakelbeklädnad, till bistrons varma träbeklädnad.mitt förslag undersöker tiden som var och tiden som är. fast mest den tid som ännu inte finns. om mötena vid bordet, över disken, i hamnen som ännu inte hänt. skeppsbron kan vara en plats för det, igen.
food is a part of the days we live. fish is a part of the city we live in. we meet at the table, at the counter, in the harbour. like we always have done, like we always will. the distances at skeppsbron are both small and large. the social scene and the harbours rawness are both a part of the character. skeppsbron has always been like that, and the traces are to be found in every cobblestone. through the cleanery, smokery and the bistro the guests take part of the whole process of the fish. from the uncensored cleaning, the preparation in the smokery to the cooked meal in the bistro. the customs house on the site are build in an functionalistic architectural tradition designed by paul hedqvist. the simple construction says something about the place, that we can learn from. by keeping the building all the layers of the place are kept. my building consists of two volumes - the cleanery and smokery. like the costums house they are varying in scale and interior materials. the guest should be able to read the process in the architecture. the cleanery’s naked concreteagainst the smokery’s tile covering, to the bistro’s warm plywood interior. my proposition investigates the time that was and the time that is, but above all the time that is yet to come. about the meetings at the table, at the counter and and in the harbour that has not happened. skeppsbron might be a place for that, again.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Hellmann, Jennifer K. "Neighbor Effects: The Influence of Colony-level Social Structure on Within-group Dynamics in a Social Fish." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1464129648.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Dias, Rodrigo Carlos Jorge. "Aplicação do PACE : avaliação e comparação das condições higio-sanitárias dos talhos e peixarias abrangidos pelo PACE no município de Santarém." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2810.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Com o crescimento da procura de alimentos mais seguros e mais controlados por parte de um consumidor cada vez mais ciente dos problemas relacionados com a falta de segurança e higiene dos alimentos, surgiu nos tempos recentes um aumento denunciado dos requisitos técnicos e oficiais, assim como um aumento dos controlos baseados em planos de boas práticas de higiene ou de controlo de pontos críticos (HACCP) obrigatórios para as empresas da restauração alimentar. Aliado a estes controlos foi criada, ao longo das últimas décadas, legislação para defender a salubridade na produção, preparação, distribuição, armazenagem e apresentação dos géneros alimentícios. Em Portugal, a autoridade competente por excelência para o controlo dos estabelecimentos, ligados ao ramo alimentar, é a Direcção Geral de Veterinária (DGV). Esta elaborou um plano oficial para aprovação e controlo dos estabelecimentos, PACE, cuja execução cabe aos médicos veterinários municipais sob a supervisão da Direcção de Serviços Veterinários Regional (DSVR). O presente trabalho integra os controlos oficiais, ao abrigo do PACE, efectuados nos anos 2008/2009 e 2009/2010 aos estabelecimentos de comércio a retalho de carne e de peixe incluídos no pequeno e grande comércio do município de Santarém e a sua classificação. São também analisados quais os requisitos que os estabelecimentos apresentam maior dificuldade em cumprir e quais as suas possíveis causas.
ABSTRACT - The application of PACE: Evaluation and comparison of hygienic-sanitary conditions of butcher´s shops and fish markets covered by PACE in the city of Santarém - The growing demand for safer and more controlled products by a consumer increasingly aware of the problems related to lack of safety and hygiene of the consumed food, have produced, in recent times, an increase in the technical and official requirements as well as an increase in the number of quality controls, based on plans of good hygiene practices or critical control points (HACCP), needed for the Food industry. To assure the legal purpose of these controls legislation has been created, over the past decades, to ensure the food safety along the food chain steps, such as production, preparation, distribution, storage and presentation. In Portugal, the competent authority for the control of establishments linked to the food sector, is the General Division of Veterinary Services (DGV). As such it has elaborated, through its departments, a formal plan for approval and supervision of establishments, PACE, whose enforcement rests with municipal veterinarians under the supervision of the Regional Directorate of Veterinary Services (DSVR). This work includes the official controls, made with PACE, in the years 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 to the butcher´s shops and fish markets, belonging both to the traditional market and to large distribution companies in the city of Santarém and its classification. It also examined wich requirements are more difficult to meet and its possible causes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Sonoda, Daniel Yokoyama. "Análise econômica de sistemas alternativos de produção de tilápias em tanques rede para diferentes mercados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-03022003-144416/.

Full text

Abstract:

Os dados referentes ao setor pesqueiro no Brasil e no mundo mostram que tal recurso natural está bem próximo do limite máximo de exploração. A produção mundial de peixes, no entanto, continua apresentando contínuo crescimento. Este aumento tem sido obtido graças ao crescimento da aqüicultura que vem se mostrando a melhor alternativa para suprir a estagnação da produção pesqueira de captura. No Brasil, o quadro é bastante semelhante, pois nos últimos 20 anos a produção pesqueira nacional reduz sensivelmente. A redução só não é maior, graças ao crescimento gradativo da aqüicultura no País. Atualmente ela é responsável por 19% da produção nacional de pescados. A Região Sul e o Estado de São Paulo respondem por 71% dessa produção. Nestes Estados a criação de peixes de água doce, desenvolveu-se em função de uma atividade de lazer relacionada à pesca esportiva denominada pesque pague. Nos últimos anos, porém, a concorrência entre os piscicultores tem trazido dificuldades na comercialização junto a estes estabelecimentos. Dentre as principais dificuldades estão a redução dos preços pagos aos peixes e excessiva demora na colocação do produto no mercado. Estes fatos estão fazendo com que os piscicultores busquem alternativas para a colocação de seus peixes. Uma alternativa de mercado para este caso seria o mercados de peixes para alimentação. Porém nesse mercado existe a concorrência com os peixes da pesca extrativa. Ele é predominantemente dominado pela pesca extrativa que além de possuir maior dimensão, possui um número muito maior de espécies e já possui mercado cativo. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral estudar a viabilidade econômica, do sistema atual de produção da tilápia, visando mercados alternativos à comercialização junto a pesque-pagues e de produtos processados. A partir dos resultados obtidos, são analisadas algumas alternativas tecnológicas no sistema de produção atual, buscando identificar aquela que proporciona maior rentabilidade. Além das adaptações dentro do sistema produtivo atual, o trabalho estuda o no sistema agroindustrial (SAG) da tilápia em um novo conceito de sistema de produção. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a biomassa econômica para a densidade de 236,3 peixes/m 3 foi de 173,66 kg/m 3 o que equivale a uma média de peso de 735 g/peixe. Observou-se também o peso inicial que maximiza a rentabilidade é de 280g ao preço de R$2,00/kg. Em seguida foram feitas análises de risco para três situações distintas: venda de peixes com peso médio superior ao indicado pela biomassa econômica; pesos de alevinos/juvenis distintos; e, simulação de uma situação de exportação. No primeiro caso verificou-se que, ao se trabalhar com uma biomassa superior a da econômica, os riscos de insucesso do projeto se elevam mais do que quando se trabalha com uma biomassa inferior à econômica. No segundo, ao se iniciar o ciclo de produção com peixes de 280 g, a probabilidade de se elevar a rentabilidade do projeto são superiores aos de se iniciar com peixes de 10 g. Finalmente, o estudo indica que no mercado internacional os riscos de insucesso são bastante semelhantes ao do mercado interno.
Recent data about the situation of fisheries in the World and in Brazil indicate some evidences that this resource is near to its maximum level of extraction capacity. However, the World fish production is in continuously increasing. Its growth has been supported by the increasing by aquaculture production, which seems to be the best alternative to the stagnation of fishery production. In Brazil, in the last 20 year, the situation has been very similar. The increase in aquaculture has compensated the reduction of fishery production, which is now responsible for 20% of the national fish production. The South Region and São Paulo State concentrate 71% of the national aquatic organisms production. The fresh water aquaculture in these States developed to attend the demand of live fish from the sportive fishing activity denominated "catch-and-pay". Recently, the increase in production and the competition between the fish farmers created some commercial troubles. Low prices and lack of demand are some of them. These kinds of obstacles have motivated the fish farmer to look for other market alternatives. The first one is the food market. However, the competition here is very hard from commercial fishing industry. They have large volumes and number of species and the consumers are used to them. Thus, this studies objectives is to economically evaluate the production of tilápia for market alternatives like the "catch-and-pay" and the processing industry. Also, analyze it some technological alternatives to the actual system of tilapia production looking for one that gives the highest profit. The proposal of the study is to suggest news concepts of tilapias production systems. The results show that for the system that uses 236,3 fish/m 3 , the economic biomass was 176,66 kg/m 3, with a medium weight of 735 g per fish. After that, different sizes of fingerlings were analyzed. It was found that the size that maximized the profit is 280 g per fish. The risk was estimated for 3 different cases: production until the biomass higher than highest profit; start the production with different sizes of fingerlings; and finally tilapias for exportation. In the first case, if the production is kept until biomass becomes higher than the economic one, the risk of loses is higher than if the farmer sell the fish at biomass lower than the economic. The probability of obtain higher profits is greater if the production starts with larger fingerlings (280 g versus 10 g). And, the probabilities of losses in the international market are similar to the domestic "catch-and-pay" market.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Arvidsson, Jesper. "The Farm : A new urban condition." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96699.

Full text

Abstract:

The Farm is a speculative proposal for a self sustainable city block where as much food is produces as is consumed by it’s inhabitants. It is utilising the potential that arise when the greenery of farming is brought in to the cities in creating a new hybrid that blends with the city fabric with the aim of contributing to the areas multiplicity and vibrant life. The aim of the project has been that through architecture design; study the possibility to go from a throughput society, where everything we consume is produced outside of the community, to a society that produces what it consumes within the community in a cyclical integrated sustainable way. Can we produce what we consume with in a city and what happens when the production, which in this case is the cultivation of crops and plants, merge with the existing city fabric? What happens if the cultivation is combined with a traditional apartment program and what does it become? Can the programs thrive together in symbiosis or will one of the programs become a parasite of the other? How does the vast open spaces required for farming relate to the small intimate spaces suitable for living spaces? What is their interrelationship, how do they effect each other?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Lai, Chung-yin Stephanie, and 賴仲賢. "Fish markets in Lei Yue Mun: a means of waterfront development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085635.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Lai, Chung-yin Stephanie. "Fish markets in Lei Yue Mun a means of waterfront development /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085635.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Larish, Penny Mae. "An analysis of fish consumption in Winnipeg with identification of potential niche markets for freshwater fish species native to Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/MQ41661.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ribeiro, André Francisco Gomes. "Objetivos dos FIAH : teoria e prática." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6527.

Full text

Abstract:

Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação Imobiliária
Os Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário de Arrendamento Habitacional (FIIAH) surgiram em 2009 em Portugal como resposta ao rápido aumento do crédito mal parado na habitação, à necessidade de dinamizar o mercado de arrendamento habitacional e ainda como apoio às famílias que se encontravam em dificuldades para cumprir as suas obrigações financeiras no que respeita aos empréstimos à habitação. Assim, este trabalho tem como propósito principal aferir o modo como os três objetivos propostos para os FIIAH estão a ser alcançados, e perceber quais as melhorias a implementar de modo a melhorar o cumprimento dos respetivos objetivos. Para tal, foram efetuados dois questionários às sociedades gestoras e diversos especialistas no sector, analisados os Relatórios e Contas dos diversos FIIAHs existentes ao longo de 4 anos (2009 – 2012) e foi ainda estudada diversa bibliografia relevante sobre o tema bem como artigos publicados em jornais e revistas do sector. Constata-se que, dos objetivos que os FIIAH pretendem alcançar, apenas um - a limpeza dos ativos imobiliários residenciais do balanço dos bancos - está a ser cumprido de forma eficaz, ficando os dois restantes objetivos aquém do esperado. O estudo deste tema destaca-se, uma vez que o período para a constituição dos FIIAH termina a 31 de dezembro de 2013 e pelo facto de terem sido constituídos poucos fundos deste tipo, estando praticamente todos os existentes associados à banca.
The Residential Real Estate Investment Funds - Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário de Arrendamento Habitacional (FIIAH) came out in 2009 as a response to the prompt increase of the bad credit, to the necessity to dinamyze the rental residential market and also as to support the families struggling to pay their finantial obligations and housefunding credits towards bank institutions. Therefore, this work’s main purpose is to assess to what degree are the three proposed objectives for the FIIAH being achieved and suggest changes to implement as to improve the performance of its respective goals. To this end, two questionnaires were made to real estate management companies and various experts in the sector, annual reports and accounts of the various existing FIIAHs - over 4 years (2009-2012) - analyzed and studied diverse yet relevant literature on the subject, as well as articles published in newspapers and magazines of the sector. It appears that from the goals the FIIAH’s aim to achieve, only one - the cleaning of residential real estate assets from banks' balance sheets - is being met effectively, leaving the remaining two goals far from the expected results. This theme’s study stands out, since the time to form the FIIAH ends December 31, 2013 and for the fact that few funds of this type have been constituted so far, with almost all of the being existing associated with banking.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Maddock, Sarah. "Fresh fish distribution in the UK : the function and future of inland wholesale markets." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294110.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Laus, Ana Carolina. "Caracterização citogenética molecular de cromossomos marcadores extranumerários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-06042009-143340/.

Full text

Abstract:

Rearranjos cromossômicos envolvendo a presença de cromossomos marcadores extranumerário são achados citogenéticos freqüentes em pacientes que apresentam deficiência mental, alterações de crescimento, dismorfias e/ou malformações. A presença desse material é responsável por trissomia ou tetrassomia parcial de determinadas regiões cromossômicas, causando quadros clínicos distintos e inespecíficos. A variabilidade fenotípica está relacionada principalmente com os diferentes graus de mosaicismo, os genes presentes na região adicional, o cromossomo de origem, entre outros fatores. Sendo assim, a caracterização desse material cromossômico é de importância fundamental para a determinação do prognóstico e do aconselhamento genético dos pacientes e suas famílias. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise de cromossomos marcadores extranumerários por meio de técnicas de citogenética convencional e molecular. Foram selecionados onze pacientes que são acompanhados pelo o Serviço de Genética Médica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto USP, todos com diagnóstico citogenético convencional por bandeamentos GTG de cromossomo marcador extranumerário. Para determinação da origem e caracterização dos cromossomos marcadores foram aplicadas as técnicas de Cariótipo Espectral (SKY) e de Hibridação in situ Fluorescente (FISH). Em dez pacientes foi possível determinar a origem e composição dos marcadores. Dois pacientes apresentam cromossomos marcadores identificados como duplicações invertidas do cromossomo 15, com cariótipos definidos, respectivamente, como 47,XY,+idic(15)(pterq15::q15pter) e 47,XX,+idic(15)(pterq21::q21p11.2), um paciente possui cromossomo marcador derivativo do cromossomo 15, com cariótipo 47,XX,+der(15)(pterq21) e dois pacientes, sendo uma menina e seu pai, possuem cromossomos marcadores derivativos do cromossomo 15 com cariótipos, respectivamente, 48,XX,+2der(15)(pterq12) e 48,XY,+2der(15)(pterq12). Dois pacientes possuem cromossomos marcadores derivativos do cromossomo 9, com cariótipos definidos, respectivamente, como 47,XX,+der(9)(pterq21) e 47,XX,+der(9)(pterq32) e um paciente apresenta cromossomo derivativo do cromossomo 4 [47,XX,+der(4)(p16q21)[9]/48,XX,+der(4)(p16q21),+mar[91]]. Um paciente possui um cromossomo marcador translocado derivativo do cromossomo 22 [47,XY,+der(22)t(11;22)(q25:q11.2)] e outro paciente, um cromossomo translocado derivativo do cromossomo 15 [47,XY,+der(15)t(15;16)(q13;q13)], ambos herdados de mães portadoras de translocações aparente balanceadas. Em um caso, não foi possível a caracterização dos cromossomos marcadores por meio das técnicas aplicadas. Há uma grande variação fenotípica associada à presença de cromossomos marcadores e muitas vezes o prognóstico e o aconselhamento genético são difíceis de determinar. As técnicas de citogenética molecular são ferramentas importantes para a caracterização dos cromossomos marcadores, tanto durante o pré-natal, como para uma família que já possui um membro afetado, auxiliando no mapeamento gênico de cada região envolvida para futura correlação cariótipo-genótipo-fenótipo.
Chromosomal rearrangements involving supernumerary marker chromosomes are frequently found in patients with mental retardation, growth defects and malformations. The genetic materials presented in trisomy/tetrasomy are responsible by distinct and unspecific clinical symptoms. The phenotypic variation is related mainly to different mosaicismo degrees, genetic content and chromosomal origin. Thus, the characterization of marker chromosomes is important to determine the prognosis and genetic counseling to the patients and their families. The aim of this study was to analyze supernumerary marker chromosomes using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques. Eleven patients were included in this study, all assisted in Medical Genetic Division of Clinical Hospital of School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto USP. They all presented supernumerary marker chromosomes detected by GTG band. The origin and composition were determined using Spectral Karyotype (SKY) and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) techniques. To ten patients, the origin and composition were determined. Two patients presented inverted duplications of chromosome 15, and their karyotype were defined as 47,XY,+idic(15)(pterq15::q15pter) and 47,XX,+idic(15)(pterq21::q21p11.2), one patient had a derivative chromosome 15, with karyotype 47,XX,+der(15)(pterq21), and two patients, a girl and her father, had two derivatives chromosomes 15, with karyotypes 48,XX,+2der(15)(pterq12) e 48,XY,+2der(15)(pterq12), respectively. Two patients presented derivative chromosomes 9 and their karyotype were defined as 47,XX,+der(9)(pterq21) and 47,XX,+der(9)(pterq32), and one patient had a derivative chromosome 4, with karyotype 47,XX,+der(4)(p16q21)[9]/48,XX,+der(4)(p16q21),+mar[91]. One patient had a translocated marker chromosome, derivative 22, [47,XY,+der(22)t(11;22)(q25:q11.2)] and another patient had a translocated marker chromosome, derivative 15 [47,XY,+der(15)t(15;16)(q13;q13)]. In one case, was not possible to define the origin and composition of the marker chromosome using SKY and FISH techniques. A large phenotypic variation is associated with supernumerary marker chromosomes and many times, the prognosis and genetic counseling is difficult to determine. The molecular cytogenetic techniques are important tools to its characterization, during prenatal diagnosis or to a family with an affected person, helping the genetic mapping of each region to a future correlation karyotype-genotype-phenotype.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

DAVIS, RACHEL ANN HAUSER. "PROTEOMIC ASPECTS AND TRACE-ELEMENT ACCUMULATION IN FISH BILE: POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL MARKER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19596@1.

Full text

Abstract:

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A bílis de peixe é um fluido biológico com grande potencial como biomarcador de exposição ambiental a metais e misturas complexas. Este trabalho verificou o potencial desta matriz em situações de contaminação ambiental por metais e analisou aspectos proteômicos. Duas espécies de peixe (Mugil liza – Tainhas, e Tilapia rendalli – Tilápias) foram coletadas de diferentes locais. Indivíduos de tilápia foram expostos a concentrações sub-letais de Cu em laboratório. A bílis foi analisada com relação ao seu conteúdo de elementos-traço (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn), e testes estatísticos demonstram que esta matriz pode ser utilizada para biomonitoramento de exposição de metais ao invés do fígado, sendo mais vantajosa que esta última por ser uma matriz menos complexa, o que facilita o seu pré-tratamento, além de não haver necessidade de sacrificar o animal. Diferentes protocolos de clean-up foram testados com objetivo de analisar a bílis por eletroforese 1D e 2D e zimografias para a detecção de enzimas. O protocolo final de clean-up inclui sonicação, centrifugação, deslipidificação e dessalinização. A presença de metalotioneínas foi analisada nesta matriz, através de eletroforeses 1D, 2D, espectrofotometria e SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS, e foi verificada que existe realmente expressão destas proteínas na bílis, inclusive com o mesmo comportamento reportado no fígado, de expressão aumentada em situações de contaminação ambiental. Também foi verificada a existência de metaloproteases de matriz na bílis através de zimografias gelatinolíticas, que também apresentaram potencial biomarcador de contaminação ambiental, pois algumas bandas gelatinolíticas estiveram presentes apenas em um local contaminado quando comparado a um lugar controle. Este trabalho verificou a existência de dois biomarcadores protéicos em bílis de peixe, um específico à contaminação por metais (metalotioneínas) e um não-específico (metaloproteases de matriz), além da possibilidade de uso da bílis de peixe como biomarcador à exposição a metais pela determinação das concentrações de elementos-traço nesta matriz.
Fish bile is a biological fluid with great potential as a biomarker of environmental exposure to metals and complex mixtures. This study verified the potential of this matrix in environmental contamination situations by metals and analysed proteomic aspects. Two fish species (Mugil liza – mullets, and Tilapia rendalli – tilapias) were sampled from different locations. Tilapia individuals were exposed to sub-lethal Cu concentrations in the laboratory. Bile was analyzed regarding trace-element concentrations (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn), and statistical techniques indicate that this matrix can be used in biomonitoring for metal exposure instead of liver, being more advantageous than the latter, since this is a less complex matrix, leading to easier pre-treatment, besides the possibility of not having to sacrifice the animal. Different clean-up protocols were tested with the aim of analysing bile by 1D and 2D electrophoresis and zymographies for protein and enzyme detection. The final clean-up protocol consists of sonication, centrifugation, delipidation and desalting. The presence of metallothioneins was analyzed in this matrix by 1D and 2D electrophoresis, spectrophotometry and SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS, and it was verified that there really is metallothionenin expression in bile, showing similar behaviour to that reported in liver, of increased expression in environmental contamination situations. We also verified the existence of matrix metalloproteases in bile by gelatinolinic zymographies, and these also showed potential as biomarkers for environmental contamination, since some gelatinolinic bands were present only in a contaminated site in comparison to a reference location. This study verified the existence of two protein biomarkers in fish bile, one specific to metal contamination (metallothioneins) and one non-specific (matrix metalloproteinases), besides the possibility of utilizing fish bile as a biomarker to metal exposure by the determination of trace-elements in this matrix.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Stott, Wendylee. "Genetic variation within and among Ontario hatchery stocks of lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) as measured by three molecular marker systems : applications to rehabilitation and hatchery management /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/NQ42882.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Vasconcellos, Juliana Parreira. "Determinantes do consumo de pescado na população que freqüenta feiras livres do município de Santo André, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-04022011-164223/.

Full text

Abstract:

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os determinantes de consumo de peixe na população que freqüenta feiras livres do município de Santo André, SP. Foram entrevistadas 482 pessoas em 49 feiras-livres. Aplicou-se um questionário constituído de questões abertas, semi abertas e fechadas destinadas a identificação e avaliação das características sócio-econômicas, fatores que facilitam e dificultam o consumo de peixe e os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do produto. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados e posteriormente foram aplicados testes para verificar associação e linearidade entre as variáveis com o consumo, com nível de significância de 5%. Os fatores que facilitam o consumo de peixe foram: renda, escolaridade completa, forma de apresentação do produto, aquisição em feiras livres, sabor, aparência, firmeza da carne e presença de crianças na família. Já os fatores que limitam o consumo foram: preço e espinhos. A perecibilidade, odor, etnia, proximidade dos pontos de venda da residência e do trabalho, sexo, idade, número de pessoas no lar e aquisição em supermercado não foram características que influenciaram a decisão de compra e consumo de peixe. Os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do peixe foram predominantemente visuais.
The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of fish consumption in the population that frequents the street markets of the Santo André municipality, State of São Paulo, by interviewing a total of 482 persons in 49 markets. A questionnaire constituted of open, semi-open and closed questions was applied in order to identify and evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of the population, factors that make easy or difficult the fish consumption, and the aspects considered for the evaluation of the freshness of the products. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out and subsequently statistical tests were applied to check the existence of association and linearity between the variables and the consumption, using a level of significance of 5 %. The factors that make easy the consumption of fish were: income, complete schooling, and presentation of the product, acquisition in free markets, taste, appearance, firmness of the flesh, and the presence of children in the families. On the other side, the factors that limit the consumption were the price and the fish thorns. The fact of being easily perishable, odor, ethnic, proximity of the points of sale from the residence and of the work, sex, age, number of persons in the home, and acquisition in supermarkets were not characteristics influencing the decision of purchase and consumption of fish. The aspects considered to evaluate the freshness of the fish were predominantly visual.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Ghanawi, Joly Karim. "Direct and indirect ecological interactions between aquaculture activities and marine fish communities in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27258.

Full text

Abstract:

Presence of coastal aquaculture activities in marine landscapes is growing. However, there is insufficient knowledge on the subsequent ecological interactions between these activities and marine fish communities. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the direct and indirect ecological effects of aquaculture activities on marine fish communities in Scotland. A combination of empirical and modelling approaches was employed to collect evidence of how aquaculture activities affect marine fish communities at the individual, population and ecosystem levels around coastal sea cages. The two fish farms evaluated in this research provided the wild fish sampled near the sea cages with a habitat rich in food resources which is reflected in an overall better biological condition. Results of the stomach content analysis indicated that mackerel (Scomber scombrus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and saithe (Pollachius virens) sampled near sea cages consumed wasted feed which was also reflected in their modified FA profiles. The overall effects of the two fish farms were more pronounced in young whiting and saithe than in mixed aged mackerel sampled near the sea cages. The phase space modelling approach indicated that the overall potential for fish farms to act at the extremes as either population sources (a habitat that is rich in resources and leads to an overall improved fitness) or ecological traps (a habitat that appears to be rich in resources but is not and leads to an overall poor fitness) are higher for juvenile whiting than for mackerel. Based on the empirical evidence and literature the two fish farms are more likely to be a population source for wild fishes. Using an ecosystem modelling approach indicated that fish farming impacts the food web in a sea loch via nutrient loading. Mussel farming relies on the natural food resources and has the potential to affect the food web in a sea loch via competing with zooplankton for resources which can affect higher trophic levels. The presence of both activities can balance the overall impact in a sea loch as compared to the impact induced if each of these activities were present on their own. Both activities have the potential do induce direct and indirect effects on the wild fish and the entire sea loch system. The results of this PhD identified several gaps in data and thus could be used to improve future sampling designs. It is important to evaluate the cumulative effect of the presence of aquaculture activities in terms of nutrient loading and physical structure in the environment. Using a combination of empirical and modelling approaches is recommended to gain further insight into the ecological impacts of aquaculture activities on wild fish communities. Results of this PhD study could lead to more informed decisions in managing the coastal aquaculture activities. Establishing coastal fish farms as aquatic sanctuaries can be of an advantage to increase fish production and conserve species that are endangered provided that no commercial and recreational fishing is allowed nearby. It would be useful to have long term monitoring of the fish stocks around the cages and if there is any production at the regional level. Additionally, information on behaviour, migration patterns should be collected to understand the impacts of aquaculture activities on fish stocks. From an aquaculture perspective, ecologically engineered fish farms in addition to careful site selection in new aquaculture developments may improve nutrient loading into the ecosystem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Monaghan, Sean J. "Approaches to DIVA vaccination for fish using infectious salmon anaemia and koi herpesvirus disease as models." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17261.

Full text

Abstract:

The expanding aquaculture industry continues to encounter major challenges in the form of highly contagious aquatic viruses. Control and eradication measures targeting the most lethal and economically damaging virus-induced diseases, some of which are notifiable, currently involve ‘stamping out’ policies and surveillance strategies. These approaches to disease control are performed through mass-culling followed by restriction in the movement of fish and fish products, resulting in considerable impacts on trade. Although effective, these expensive, ethically complex measures threaten the sustainability and reputation of the aquatic food sector, and could possibly be reduced by emulating innovative vaccination strategies that have proved pivotal in maintaining the success of the terrestrial livestock industry. DIVA ‘differentiating infected from vaccinated animal’ strategies provide a basis to vaccinate and contain disease outbreaks without compromising ‘disease-free’ status, as antibodies induced specifically to infection can be distinguished from those induced in vaccinated animals. Various approaches were carried out in this study to assess the feasibility of marker/DIVA vaccination for two of the most important disease threats to the global Atlantic salmon and common carp/koi industries, i.e. infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) and koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD), respectively. Antibody responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), following immunisation with an ISA vaccine, administered with foreign immunogenic marker antigens (tetanus toxoid (TT), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)) were assessed by antigen-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Although antibodies were induced to some markers, these were unreliable and may have been affected by temperature and smoltification. Detectable antibodies to ISAV antigen were also largely inconsistent despite low serum dilutions of 1/20 being employed for serological analysis. The poor antibody responses of salmon to the inactivated ISA vaccine suggested that DIVA vaccination is not feasible for ISA. A similar approach for KHV, utilising green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the marker, similarly failed to induce sufficiently detectable antibody responses in vaccinated carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). However, as high anti-KHV antibody titres were obtained with an inactivated KHV vaccine (≥1/3200), alternative approaches were carried out to assess the feasibility of DIVA vaccination for carp. Investigations of early KHV pathogenesis in vivo and antigen expression kinetics in vitro (0-10 days post infection (dpi)) provided valuable data for the diagnostics necessary for DIVA surveillance strategies. Following viral infection, molecular methods were shown to be the most effective approach for early detection of KHV infected fish prior to sero-conversion, during which time antibodies are not detectable. An experimental immersion challenge with KHV, however, revealed complications in molecular detection during early infection. The KHV DNA was detected in external biopsies of skin and gills, but also internally in gut and peripheral blood leukocytes ≤ 6 hours post infection (hpi), suggesting rapid virus uptake by the host. The gills and gut appeared to be possible portals of entry, supported by detection of DNA in cells by in situ hybridisation (ISH). However, many false negative results using organ biopsies occurred during the first 4 dpi. The gills were the most reliable lethal biopsy for KHV detection by various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, with a PCR targeting a glycoprotein-gene (ORF56) and a real-time PCR assay being the most sensitive of the 7 methods investigated. Importantly, non-lethal mucus samples reduced the number of false negative results obtained by all KHV PCR assays during the earliest infection stages with large levels of viral DNA being detected in mucus (up to 80,000 KHV DNA genomic equivalents 200 μL-1). KHV DNA was consistently detected in the mucus as a consequence of virus being shed from the skin. Determining the expression kinetics of different viral structural proteins can be useful for DIVA serological tests. Analysis of KHV antigen expression in tissues by immunohistochemistry and indirect fluorescent antibody test was inconclusive, therefore 2 novel semi-quantitative immunofluorescence techniques were developed for determining KHV antigen expression kinetics in susceptible cell lines. During the course of KHV infection in vitro, a greater abundance of capsid antigen was produced in infected cells compared to a glycoprotein antigen (ORF56), as determined by detection with antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The capsid antigen was characterised as a ~100 kDa protein by SDS-PAGE and identified as a product of KHV ORF84 by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). This antigen was subsequently detected in the serum of >25% of KHV infected/exposed carp (6/17), as well as in carp vaccinated with a live attenuated vaccine (3/4), but not with an inactivated vaccine (0/7), by Western blot making it a potential DIVA target for an inactivated vaccine. Attempts were made to improve the sensitivity of KHV serological testing by taking advantage of recombinant proteins specific for KHV (CyHV-3), rORF62 and rORF68 and eliminating any interference by cross-reacting antibodies to carp pox (CyHV-1). These proteins successfully reacted with anti-KHV antibodies. The feasibility of DIVA strategies for KHVD was determined using these recombinant antigens to coat ELISA plates. Differential antibody responses were detected from carp sera to an internal virus tegument protein (rORF62) and external region of a transmembrane protein (rORF68). Fish vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine produced significantly lower antibody responses to rORF62 than to rORF68, whereas infected, exposed and live attenuated vaccinated fish recognised both proteins allowing differentiation between vaccinated and infected carp. However, the sensitivity of the assay was limited, possibly by high levels of natural antibodies detected at the relatively low serum dilutions (1/200) used. As the capsid antigen (ORF84) and tegument protein (ORF62) are derived from internal KHV structural proteins, they induce non-neutralising antibodies, which may be useful for DIVA strategies. Such antibodies are longer lasting than neutralising antibodies and often comprise the majority of fish anti-viral antibodies. This was noted in a fish surviving experimental challenge, which had an antibody titre of 1/10,000, but neutralising titre of 1/45. Such antigens may therefore hold potential for developing effective serological diagnostic tests for KHV and provide the potential for DIVA strategies against KHVD. Natural antibodies will, however, continue to present a challenge to the development of sensitive and reliable KHV serological tests, and hence the application of DIVA strategies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Larsson, Lena C. "Disentangling small genetic differences in large Atlantic herring populations: comparing genetic markers and statistical power." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8338.

Full text

Abstract:

Genes are the foundation of evolution and biodiversity. The genetic structure of natural populations needs to be understood to maintain exploited resources rationally. This thesis focuses on genetic variability and methods to determine spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneities. Intense human exploitation generates particular challenges to conserve genetic diversity of fishes since it has genetic effects. My research concerns one of our most valuable fish species: the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). I analyzed Atlantic herring samples from the North and Baltic Seas. The objectives were to determine: 1) spatial genetic structure, 2) whether allozymes and microsatellites provide similar descriptions of the differentiation pattern, or 3) if they are influenced by selection, 4) factors affecting statistical power when testing for genetic differentiation, and 5) the temporal stability of the genetic structure. The results show: 1) very low levels of spatial genetic differentiation in Atlantic herring; a major component is a difference between the Baltic and North Seas, 2) a concordant pattern with allozymes and microsatellites, 3) that selection influences a microsatellite locus, which can be a low salinity adaptation, 4) that statistical power is substantial for frequently used sample sizes and markers; the difference in power between organelle and nuclear loci is partly dependent on the populations’ stage of divergence, and 5) no changes in amount of genetic variation or spatial genetic structure over a 24-year period; the selection pattern in one microsatellite locus remained. The notion that the large population sizes make herring unlikely to lose genetic diversity may be disputed. I found small local effective population sizes, and the evidence of selection hints of a distinct evolutionary lineage in the Baltic. When Atlantic herring is managed as very large units, there can be detrimental genetic effects if certain population segments are excessively harvested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Esser, Michael [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwentner. "Untersuchungen zur diagnostischen Wertigkeit der urinbasierten Marker Zytologie, FISH, NMP22 und ImmunoCyt in Urinproben aus dem oberen Harntrakt zur Detektion von Urothelkarzinomen des oberen Harntraktes / Michael Esser ; Betreuer: Christian Schwentner." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1163282774/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Dietzel, Brigitte [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Jackisch. "Topoisomerase IIα als prädiktiver Marker (FISH-Analyse) und der klinische Verlauf beim Mammakarzinom. Eine retrospektive Analyse an 128 Frauen mit Mammakarzinom aus den Jahren 2003 und 2004 / Brigitte Dietzel. Betreuer: Christian Jackisch." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095766082/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Boda, Judith. "Her-2/neu-, Topoisomerase II-Alpha- und ErbB1-Genaberrationen als prädiktive Marker beim fortgeschrittenen Ovarialkarzinom : umfassende retrospektive Analyse mit Hilfe der Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH) und der Immunhistochemie (IHC) an Tissue-Microarrays." kostenfrei, 2009. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10199/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Rubert, Marceléia. "Estudos citogenéticos em espécies das tribos Hypostomini e Ancistrini (Loricariidae, Hypostominae)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5389.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3847.pdf: 8121609 bytes, checksum: d085371b9ccbfe0c2017a1ee27231b28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-02
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Conventional and molecular cytogenetic analysis were performed on 15 species of the subfamily Hypostominae, comprising 12 species of the Hypostomini tribe, genus Hypostomus, and three of the Ancistrini tribe, genera Ancistrus and Hemiancistrus. The chromosome number of 2n=52 was observed for Ancistrus multispinis (14m+14sm+24st-a), A. brevipinnis (14m+14sm+24st-a) and Hemiancistrus punctulatus (14m+26sm+12st-a). The nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) and 18S rDNA sites are simple and terminal for species, A. brevipinnis, A. multispinis and H. punctulatus. In these species, it can be seen that the NORs are also CMA3+/DAPI-. As for the heterochromatin, H. punctulatus showed a small amount of this chromosome component, while A. multispinis and A. brevipinnis showed a larger amount, with large blocks on the long arm of some st-a pairs. In turn, the different species of Hypostomus showed a variation from 64 to 82 chromosomes, exhibiting differences in the karyotype formula between species. The NORs were multiple for most species analyzed, with different phenotypes observed in the number and position, which was also confirmed by FISH analysis, showing an interindividual and interspecific variability. In all species, the NORs were also CMA3+/DAPI _. The heterochromatin pattern distribution was different in each species, being another important chromosome marker. Cytogenetic, molecular, and morphometry analysis were performed in the species Hypostomus albopunctatus (Piracicaba river, SP) and H. heraldoi (Pirapitinga river, GO), including those morphologically similar samples present in the Mogi Guaçu river (SP). All individuals had 2n=74, whereas H. albopunctatus showed 10m+20sm+44st-a and H. heraldoi 8m+20sm+46st-a. These two karyotype formulae were found in the Mogi Guaçu river population. Distinct Ag-NOR phenotypes were observed among the three populations and confirmed by FISH. Regarding the heterochromatin pattern, H. albopunctatus presented terminal bands and an interstitial block. In H. heraldoi, the heterochromatin was found widely distributed in the terminal and interstitial regions of some st-a chromosomes. In these species, the NORs were also CMA3+/DAPI _. RAPD analysis and sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were carried out in these two species, in the Mogi Guaçu population and in three more species, H. regani, H. margaritifer, and H. hermanni, obtaining the same dendrogram pattern. All species could be differentiated by their COI sequences, resulting in a total of 16 haplotypes. These analyses, combined with the morphometric data, showed that H. heraldoi and H. albopunctatus are two valid species and the specimens from the Mogi Guaçu river still retain some characteristics of H. albopunctatus, and were provisionally designated as Hypostomus aff. albopunctatus. Due to the large number of species currently included in the Hypostomus genus, along with both the intra and interspecific variability in morphology and color pattern, there are often problems in the taxonomy of this group, which can be assisted by cytogenetic data. This study provided new chromosomal data for Loricariidae, being a valuable cytotaxonomic tool for the Hypostomini tribe. The joint analysis of different characters, such as cytogenetic, molecular, and morphometric, allowed a more precise characterization of different populations of Hypostomus species, helping to clarify their validity as distinct evolutionary units.
Análises citogenéticas convencionais e moleculares foram realizadas em 15 espécies da subfamília Hypostominae, compreendendo 12 espécies da tribo Hypostomini, gênero Hypostomus e três da tribo Ancistrini, gêneros Ancistrus e Hemiancistrus. Foi observado 2n=52 para Ancistrus multispinis (14m+14sm+24st-a), A. brevipinnis (14m+14sm+24st-a) e Hemiancistrus punctulatus (14m+26sm+12st-a). As regiões organizadoras de nucléolos (Ag- RONs) e sítios de DNAr 18S são simples e terminais para as espécies A. brevipinnis, A. multispinis e H. punctulatus. Nestas epécies pode-se constatar que as RONs são também CMA3 +/DAPI-. Quanto à heterocromatina, H. punctulatus apresentou pouca quantidade desse componente cromossômico, enquanto que A. multispinis e A. brevipinnis evidenciaram uma maior quantidade, com grandes blocos no braço longo de alguns pares st-a. Por sua vez, as diferentes espécies de Hypostomus mostraram uma variação de 64 a 82 cromossomos, com diferença na fórmula cariotípica entre as espécies. As RONs foram múltiplas para a maioria das espécies analisadas, sendo observados diferentes fenótipos quanto ao número e posição, o que foi também confirmado pela análise de FISH, evidenciando uma variabilidade interindividual e interespecífica. Em todas as espécies as RONs mostraram-se também CMA3 +/DAPI _. O padrão de distribuição da heterocromatina foi diferente em cada espécie, sendo outro importante marcador cromossômico. Análises citogenéticas, moleculares e de morfometria foram realizadas nas espécies Hypostomus albopunctatus (rio Piracicaba, SP) e H. heraldoi (rio Pirapitinga, GO), assim como em exemplares morfologicamente semelhantes presentes no rio Mogi Guaçu (SP). Todos os indivíduos apresentaram 2n=74, sendo que, H. albopunctatus apresentou 10m+20sm+44st-a e H. heraldoi 8m+20sm+46st-a. As duas fórmulas cariotípicas foram encontradas na população do rio Mogi Guaçu. Fenótipos distintos de Ag-RONs foram observados entre as três populações, confirmadas pela FISH. Quanto ao padrão heterocromático, H. albopunctatus apresentou bandas terminais e um bloco intersticial. Em H. heraldoi, a heterocromatina encontrou-se mais amplamente distribuída, nas regiões terminais e intersticiais de alguns cromossomos st-a. Nessas espécies as RONs mostraram-se também CMA3 +/DAPI _. Análises de RAPD e sequenciamento do gene de Citocromo Oxidase subunidade I (COI) foram realizadas nessas duas espécies, na população do rio Mogi Guacu e em mais três espécies, H. regani, H. margaritifer e H. hermanni, obtendo-se o mesmo padrão de dendrograma. Todas as espécies puderam ser diferenciadas por suas sequências COI, resultando num total de 16 haplótipos. Estas análises, aliadas aos dados de morfometria, evidenciaram que H. heraldoi e H. albopunctatus são duas espécies válidas e que os exemplares do rio Mogi Guaçu ainda conservam algumas características de H. albopunctatus, sendo provisoriamente denominados como Hypostomus aff. albopunctatus. Devido ao elevado número de espécies atualmente incluídas no gênero Hypostomus, juntamente com a variabilidade na morfologia e padrão de coloração tanto intra quanto interespecífica, muitas vezes ocorrem problemas na taxonomia desse grupo, a qual pode ser auxiliada pelos dados citogenéticos. Este estudo forneceu novos dados cromossômicos para os Loricariidae, mostrando-se uma boa ferramenta citotaxonômica para a tribo Hypostomini. A análise conjunta de diferentes caracteres, como citogenéticos, moleculares e morfométricos, possibilitou uma caracterização mais precisa de diferentes populações de espécies de Hypostomus, contribuindo para esclarecer sua validade como unidades evolutivas distintas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Peoples, Brandon Kevin. "Applying ecological models to positive interactions among lotic fishes: implications for population and community regulation at multiple spatial scales." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73340.

Full text

Abstract:

Positive biotic interactions such as mutualism, commensalism and facilitation are ubiquitous in nature, but historically have received considerably less research attention than negative interactions such as competition, predation and parasitism. The paucity of research on positive interactions is particularly evident in stream ecosystems and in vertebrate communities. Stream fishes clearly provide an ideal system for advancing research on positive interactions. Many minnows (Cyprinidae) of eastern North America engage in a potentially mutualistic reproductive interaction known as nest association, in which individuals of one species (nest associates) spawn in nests constructed by host species. In nest association, hosts provide unsilted gravel substrate for spawning nest associates, and increased parental care to associate broods. High associate: host egg ratios can create a dilution effect, reducing the probability that host eggs will be preyed upon by egg predators. Nest associative interactions are common, but are relatively understudied compared to other interactions among stream fishes. The goals of this study were to apply general ecological models to this novel system to (a) gain new insight into the mechanisms structuring nest associative stream fish communities, and (b) to use inference from stream fish communities to potentially expand and improve the general ecological models. These goals required completion of three objectives, including (1) examining the influence of abiotic and biotic contexts on reproductive behavior and fitness outcomes between a cyprinid host and associate, using the biological markets model to generate predictions; (2) examining the utility of the nest web framework (previously only used for cavity nesting vertebrate communities) and the stress gradient hypothesis (previously applied almost exclusively to plant communities) for predicting which associate species spawn on nests built by various nest building species, and the consequences of these choices, respectively; and (3) using two-species occupancy modeling to determine the relative influence of biotic interactions and habitat covariates on the co-occurrence of a host and two nest associates. To accomplish these goals, I conducted a large-scale experiment to manipulate presence of mutualists (Nocomis leptocephalus, host; Chrosomus oreas, associate), egg predators (biotic context) and habitat quality (abiotic context). I conducted behavioral nest observations and conducted repeated stream fish stream fish community surveys to collect demographic data. I constructed a nest web from observational data, and implemented structural equation modeling through an information-theoretic framework to identify nest web plausibility across a large spatial extent. I tested some predictions of the stress gradient hypothesis by regressing juveniles-per-nest and a metric of cyprinid community structure on a composite measure of physical stress (scaled gradients of catchment-scale agricultural land use and catchment area). I used two-species occupancy modeling to model co-occurrence of N. leptocephalus hosts and two associates, C. oreas and Clinostomus funduloides, and used an information-theoretic framework to compare hypotheses representing the importance of biotic interactions, habitat covariates or both at determining species co-occurrence. Results corroborated some (but not all) model predictions, and identified room for improvement in each of the general models. Nest associative spawning by C. oreas was not context dependent; C. oreas did not spawn in the absence of a reproductively active male N. leptocephalus at any treatment level. However, the net fitness outcome of host and associate species was mutualistic, and the interaction outcome switched from commensalistic to mutualistic with abiotic context. N. leptocephalus reproductive success was improved by C. oreas presence in less-silted habitats, but not in heavily-silted habitats. This is most likely because broods were subject to predation in both habitat types, but were also negatively affected by siltation in silted habitats. Accordingly, egg dilution by associates was not sufficient to support a mutualistic relationship in less favorable habitats. Results suggest that the biological markets model may be a useful tool for predicting fitness outcomes of nest associative mutualism, but may not be as useful for predicting the behavioral outcomes of obligate mutualisms. Future applications of the biological markets model should carefully consider species traits, specifically the degree to which trading behavior is obligate for participants. Future work with this model will yield more insight by considering highly facultative associates. Nest webs constructed from nest observational data suggested an interaction topology in which strong (nearly-obligate) associates relied most frequently on N. leptocephalus nests, and less frequently on nests constructed by Campostoma anomalum. Weak (facultative) associates were seldom associated with nests constructed by either species, and probably spawned before hosts began nesting activity. Structural equation models corroborated this topology throughout the New River basin, although some less-supported model evidence specified some nest association by weak associates. Juveniles-per-nest of strong associates responded positively to physical stress, while this metric for other cyprinid reproductive groups showed no relationship. Proportional representation of Nocomis and strong associates also increased predictably with physical stress. This study suggests that the nest web framework can be informative to systems outside the ones for which it was developed; future studies may be able to use this framework to better understand the role of habitat-modifying species in communities other than cavity nesting terrestrial vertebrates and nest associative stream fishes. This work extended the nest web framework by (a) modeling the outcomes of interactions instead of the interactions themselves, and (b) by using structural equation modeling to test nest web predictions with an information-theoretic framework. This study also suggests that the stress gradient hypothesis can be useful for understanding interaction dynamics in vertebrate communities; this represents the first direct evidence that this model can be used in vertebrate communities. Further, I demonstrate that the stress gradient hypothesis may be extended to predict community structure. However, more research in a diversity of systems will be needed to determine the extent to which this can be applied. This study provides some of the first evidence of large-scale positive co-occurrence patterns in vertebrates. However, the precise roles of habitat covariates and biotic interactions were species-specific. Occupancy results suggest that co-occurrence between N. leptocephalus and nest associate C. funduloides is driven only by reproductive behavioral interactions. Alternatively, evidence suggests that co-occurrence between N. leptocephalus and C. oreas is driven by both nest association and habitat covariates. That two-species occupancy modeling can be a useful tool for comparing difficult-to-test hypotheses involving biotic interactions at large spatial scales. This study represents the first quantitative, multi-scale treatment of positive interactions in stream ecosystems. This study demonstrates that applying general ecological models to stream fish communities can yield new insights about both the study system and the models themselves. While models of negative interactions, food webs and dispersal have been applied to stream fishes, we stand to gain much ground by also considering positive biotic interactions. In doing so, stream fish ecologists will also be able to contribute to the advancement of general ecology, and thus raise awareness for these understudied ecosystems and taxa.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Calvó, Perxas Laia. "A study on the phylogeny and the ecology of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria using a new molecular marker based on the gene amoB." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7866.

Full text

Abstract:

L'agricultura i la industrialització han causat un augment significatiu del nombre d'ambients rics en amoni. La presència de compostos nitrogenats redueix la qualitat de l'aigua, causant problemes de toxicitat, deteriorant el medi ambient i fins i tot afectant la salut humana. En conseqüència, la nitrificació s'ha convertit en un procés global que afecta al cicle del nitrogen a la biosfera. Els bacteris oxidadors d'amoni (AOB) són els responsables de l'oxidació de l'amoni a nitrit, i juguen un paper essencial en el cicle del nitrogen.
Els primers oxidadors d'amoni foren aïllats a finals del segle XIX, però la lentitud del seu creixement i les dificultats per cultivar-los feren que fins als anys 80, amb els primers estudis emprant el gen 16SrDNA, no s'assolís un coneixement complert d'aquest grup bacterià. Actualment les bases de dades contenen multitud d'entrades amb seqüències corresponents a AOB.
L'objectiu d'aquest treball era trobar, desenvolupar i avaluar eines útils i fiables per a l'estudi dels AOB en mostres ambientals.
En aquest treball primer descrivim la utilització de la hibridació in situ amb fluorescència (FISH), mitjançant l'aplicació de sondes amb diana en el 16SrRNA dels AOB. La FISH ens va permetre detectar i recomptar aquest grup bacterià; no obstant, aquest mètode no permetia la detecció de noves seqüències, pel que es necessitava una nova eina.
Amb aquesta intenció vam aplicar la seqüència de la sonda Nso1225 en una PCR. El fet d'amplificar específicament un fragment del 16SrDNA dels AOB va suposar el desenvolupament d'una nova eina molecular que permetia detectar la presència i diversitat d'aquests bacteris en ambients naturals. Malgrat tot, algunes seqüències pertanyents a bacteris no oxidadors d'amoni del subgrup β dels proteobacteris, eren també obtingudes amb aquesta tècnica. Així mateix, un dels inconvenients de l'ús del 16SrDNA com a marcador és la impossibilitat de detectar simultàniament els AOB que pertanyen als subgrups β i γ dels proteobacteris.
El gen amoA, que codifica per la subunitat A de l'enzim amoni monooxigenasa (AMO), era aleshores àmpliament utilitzat com a marcador per a la detecció dels AOB. En aquest treball també descrivim la utilització d'aquest marcador en mostres procedents d'un reactor SBR. Aquest marcador ens va permetre identificar seqüències de AOB en la mostra, però la necessitat de detectar amoA mitjançant clonatge fa que l'ús d'aquest marcador requereixi massa temps per a la seva utilització com a eina en estudis d'ecologia microbiana amb moltes mostres. Per altra banda, alguns autors han assenyalat l'obtenció de seqüències de no AOB en utilitzar amoA en un protocol de PCR-DGGE.
Amb la finalitat d'obtenir una eina ràpida i rigorosa per detectar i identificar els AOB, vam desenvolupar un joc nou d'oligonucleòtids amb diana en el gen amoB, que codifica per a la subunitat transmembrana de l'enzim AMO. Aquest gen ha demostrat ser un bon marcador molecular pels AOB, oferint, sense tenir en compte afiliacions filogenètiques, una elevada especificitat, sensibilitat i fiabilitat.
En aquest treball també presentem una anàlisi de RT-PCR basada en la detecció del gen amoB per a la quantificació del gènere Nitrosococcus. El nou joc d'oligonucleòtids dissenyat permet una enumeració altament específica i sensible de tots els γ-Nitrosococcus coneguts.
Finalment, vam realitzar un estudi poligènic, comparant i avaluant els marcadors amoA, amoB i 16SrDNA, i vàrem construir un arbre filogenètic combinat.
Com a resultat concloem que amoB és un marcador adequat per a la detecció i identificació dels AOB en mostres ambientals, proporcionant alhora agrupacions consistents en fer inferències filogenètiques. Per altra banda, la seqüència sencera del gen 16S rDNA és indicada com a marcador en estudis amb finalitats taxonòmiques i filogenètiques en treballar amb cultius purs de AOB.
Human activities such as farming and industrialization have produced a significant increase in the number of ammonium-rich environments. The presence of nitrogenated compounds reduces water quality causing toxicity problems, deteriorating the environment and even affecting human health. Consequently, nitrification has recently become a widespread process involving the cycling of nitrogen in the biosphere, which is mainly due to microbial activities. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are an essential component of the global cycling of nitrogen, being responsible for the aerobic oxidation of ammonium to nitrite.
Although the first ammonia oxidizers were isolated by the end of the XIX century, the slowness of their growth and the difficulties in culturing hindered achieving a full knowledge of this bacterial group until the 80s, when the first studies based on the gene 16S rDNA where performed. Nowadays, the databases contain huge numbers of entries of 16SrDNA sequences belonging to AOB.
The aim of this work was to find, develop, and evaluate useful and reliable tools for the study of ammonia oxidizers in environmental samples.
In this work we describe the use of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), based on the use of DNA probes specifically targeting the ammonia-oxidizers 16SrRNA molecule. AOB were detected and enumerated by using this technique. However, unknown sequences are hardly detectable by using this method, and therefore, new tools were needed.
For this purpose we tried applying the sequence of the probe Nso1225 in a PCR reaction. The possibility of specifically amplifying a 16S rDNA gene fragment resulted in a new fingerprinting tool to assess the presence and diversity of ammonia-oxidizers in natural environments. Even so, some β-Proteobacterial non-AOB sequences were also retrieved by using this technique. Moreover, one of the main disadvantages of using 16S rDNA as a molecular marker is the impossibility of simultaneously detecting both the β and the γ-Proteobacterial ammonia oxidizers.
The gene amoA, which encodes for the subunit A of the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase, was then being extensively used as a marker for the detection of AOB in environmental samples. We describe the use of this marker for the identification of several ammonia oxidizing sequences in sludge samples from a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Although useful, the use of amoA as a marker requires cloning, which is a tedious and time-consuming technique when dealing with large number of samples in microbial ecology studies. Besides, detection of non-AOB sequences has been reported by other authors when using amoA in a PCR-DGGE approach.
Aiming at obtaining a fast and rigorous analytical tool allowing AOB detection and identification, we developed a new set of primers targeting the gene amoB, which encodes for the transmembrane domain of the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase. This gene has been shown to be a good molecular marker for AOB, since it can be used for easy detection and identification of ammonia oxidizers, providing high specificity, sensitivity and reliability regardless of phylogenetic affiliations.
A real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of the γ-proteobacterial genus Nitrosococcus based on the amoB gene sequence is also presented. This newly designed primer set allows a highly sensitive and specific enumeration of all known Nitrosococci.
We finally performed a comparison and evaluation of the markers amoA, amoB and 16S rDNA, and built a polygenic based tree.
As a result we conclude that amoB is a suitable molecular tool for detecting and identifying AOB in environmental samples, yielding consistent grouping when performing phylogenetic inferences. In turn, the whole sequence of the gene 16S rDNA is indicated for taxonomical and phylogenetic purposes when working with ammonia oxidizing isolates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Oliveira, Rafael de Sousa. "Avaliação de procedimentos e práticas de higiene das mãos e de superfícies que contactam com alimentos : estudo transversal observacional em estabelecimentos de venda a retalho de produtos da pesca frescos nos Mercados Municipais de Lisboa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21730.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
O setor da pesca, desde a captura ao consumo de pescado, apresenta uma influência relevante na cultura portuguesa. Os operadores de estabelecimentos de venda a retalho de produtos da pesca frescos possuem uma função fulcral, já que têm a responsabilidade de garantir que estes alimentos, muito perecíveis, mantêm as características desejadas até à entrega ao consumidor ou ao operador a jusante na cadeia alimentar. Para isso, a aplicação de boas práticas higiénicas é fundamental. Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação dos procedimentos e práticas de higiene das mãos e de superfícies que contactam com géneros alimentícios em estabelecimentos de venda a retalho de produtos da pesca frescos nos mercados municipais de Lisboa. Para isso, 74 estabelecimentos foram avaliados em 18 mercados. Os titulares das empresas foram entrevistados utilizando um inquérito para caracterização demográfica, e realizou-se auditoria para verificação de requisitos associados a procedimentos e práticas de higiene das mãos e de superfícies em contacto direto com alimentos. Os dados obtidos nas entrevistas revelaram que 68% dos inquiridos tinham 50 ou mais anos de idade, sendo que 15% tinham mais de 70 anos. A maioria (74%) possuía nível de ensino básico e 7% eram analfabetos. Relativamente à formação profissional em higiene e segurança alimentar, 80% dos titulares tinha frequentado este tipo de formação. Ainda assim, notou-se a necessidade de uma atualização dos conhecimentos dos trabalhadores. Verificou-se que 15% dos participantes apresentavam um sistema documental de gestão da segurança alimentar. Os procedimentos de higienização das mãos não foram realizados de forma correta. Cerca de 40% dos manipuladores usava luvas de borracha reutilizáveis, contudo observaram-se falhas na manutenção higiénica das mesmas. A maioria dos estabelecimentos (73%) não tinha sistema de água quente instalado. Em relação ao procedimento de higienização das superfícies que contactam com géneros alimentícios, nalguns estabelecimentos os métodos de higienização observados foram incompletos e/ou incorretamente aplicados, todavia em 13,5% dos casos executaram-se todas as etapas previstas corretamente. Os resultados evidenciaram a necessidade de investimento na sensibilização e formação dos trabalhadores relativamente às práticas de higiene e aos sistemas de gestão de segurança alimentar.
ABSTRACT - Assessment of hygiene procedures in fresh fishery products retailers of Lisbon's traditional food markets - Fresh fishery products consumption has a long tradition in Portugal. Fresh fish retailers represent an important link in the food chain continuum, as these food business operators have the responsibility of assuring that perishable fresh fish will get to the consumer as fresh as possible, which relies greatly on the prevailing hygienic conditions e practices. This study aimed to assess the compliance of hygiene procedures by fresh fish retailers in Lisbon’s traditional food markets. For that, 74 operators were assessed in 18 food markets. Business owners were interviewed for demographic data collection and an audit was performed, using a checklist considering specific hygiene requirements. Business owners’ interviews revealed that 68% of the participants were aged 50 or plus e 15% were over 70 years old; while 7% were illiterate, the majority (74%) had basic education level. Additionally, most of the participants (80%) had basic training in food hygiene e safety, but were in need of an update. Audit results demonstrated that only 15% of the establishments presented food safety management system related documents, such as the ones contemplated in the hygiene program. Most of the establishments (73%) lacked hot water for hand-washing purposes. Even though some operators wore reusable rubber gloves, hand-washing procedures were in most cases incomplete, and gloves were not considered in the regular hygiene practices. Regarding food-contact surfaces hygiene procedures, most of the observed cases did not use a proper cleaning method, however in 13,5% all planned steps were performed correctly. Taken together, our results emphasize the need for a thorough training and update on hygiene practices and of the food safety management system among fresh fish retailers in traditional food markets.
N/A

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Rivoal, Solène. "La Materia del pesce : structures, gestion et organisation des approvisionnements de Venise en produits de la mer au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0093.

Full text

Abstract:

La thèse étudie les modalités d’approvisionnement de la ville de Venise en produits de la mer (poissons, crustacés et coquillages) au XVIIIe siècle. Il s'agit de comprendre un système qui concerne à la fois des acteurs, des pratiques, des espaces et des modes de gouvernement. L’analyse prend comme point de départ les espèces, puis leur exploitation, faisant du poisson une ressource alimentaire pour la ville. À Venise, l’ensemble des habitants, des patriciens aux membres du popolo les plus fragiles, consomme du poisson sous toutes ces formes. Cette consommation quotidienne a entraîné chez les acteurs impliqués dans ce système, pêcheurs, marchands et gouvernants, d’intenses réflexions autour de la propriété, de la gestion, de l’exploitation et de la protection des espèces. L’étude se situe ainsi à la croisée de plusieurs champs historiques (histoire environnementale, histoire sociale et histoire des institutions) et emprunte certaines de ses approches à l’histoire économique et à l’histoire urbaine. L’enjeu est donc de comprendre comment se crée et se négocie un système de gestion et d’exploitation d’une ressource, impliquant des savoirs politiques, des savoirs techniques et des usages particuliers élaborés dans des milieux lagunaires et maritimes. Cette interaction est en pleine évolution au XVIIIe siècle, à une période où les mécanismes marchands et économiques sont soumis à des évolutions de conception profondes. Les ressources de la mer n’échappent pas à ces questionnements et la materia del pesce, expression utilisée par les magistrats vénitiens, devient un espace de négociation entre les acteurs du système et les gouvernants dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle
This study analyses how the city of Venice managed to supply its fish markets in the 18th century, an organization system that involved actors, practices, spaces, and government strategies. The analyze focuses initially on the fish, which means to start by specifying the specimens that were captured to assess the production rhythms. All the mentioned aspects defined the exploitation system of this product, which became a crucial food resource for the city. In Venice, everybody ate seafood in their everyday life, from nobles to popolani. Such a remarkable place of the fish as basic food resulted in intensive reflections by the government and by the actors involved in the markets (merchants, fishermen, or fishmongers). They were particularly concerned about the management, the exploitation, and also the protection of these resources. Therefore, this study is related to historiography in several manners: Environmental history, Social history, and the History of the institutions; and it uses some approaches from Urban history and Economical history as well.The aim of this research is to determine how a management system of a capital resource for the city could be created and negotiated, a complex plan that involved political knowledge, technical skills, and particular uses of the exploitation of the lagoon. This interaction between politics and technique evolved during the 18th century, a period in which the economic life changed deeply. The materia del pesce, an expression used by the Venetian government, became a subject of negotiation between the authorities and the fish market actors

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Adamsonová, Kristína. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215646.

Full text

Abstract:

ARCHITECTURE The centre and entrance point for atrection a relx is terace with pool, with corridor to cafe and skylights that leads to reception. Around this atrium, there is a ramp, rising up. Pools are not see n ko the screens are individual attractions, atmosphere. The height change of each pool, sauna and whether this involves physical effort is rewarded with open views to the surroundings and relax themselves. Entering the building through a covered, but bright bay, passage is a continuation of the street fishing. Thus the very end of the reception side. Thus eliminate the problem of a parcel which is like a scene out of town. Layout In the passages suggest leaving the car park, Kafe-bar with a simple menu and fresh multifunctional workshop, creative playground. It is known fact, that in the old spa locations to find valuable pieces of pottery, small painting and sculpture and other artifacts that speak of links with the vivacious work, relax, relax with a manual and spiritual. This room will also serve as a nursery for parents resting in the spa, in the specified date and time. Upon entering the spa itself, the reception with high ceilings and skylights from the terrace, the visitor to the issue of changing rooms with bathroom facilities. Consequently, the choice whether to receive the attractions, or go down to the fitness center or gym. Another option is to move the spa itself. In the direction from the top down it is pliable dough, the blood will get the opposite route, in which the visitor shall issue a physical effort. 2np In addition to coffee for guests only and exit to the terrace, and massage booths are located. Much of the area occupied by the technical room, spa bath as well as administration. On the next floor guest vystkytne a larger foyer, drinking KURO room and swimming and first aid. Glass facades can be glanced only in forests of the Riviera, but the atrium, with an outdoor terrace and heated swimming pool at all times. Foyer is the actual beginning of the journey. The first ramp is rising just from my father. All the dark hallway, followed by a bright and translucent glass facades. The key is just a wall bordering the ramps and a few additional columns for the perimeter of the building. About half a meter above (and always rises only about 500 mm, the gradient of 1:16 to 8 meters length), the visitor gets to the first pool. Sunny southern facade is designed as a double, at this point is the greenhouse, it is no wonder that the first two pools are linked to breathing, inhalation, nature herbs. The hall (+7400) is glass mat glass sanitary unit consisting of two toilets, toilets for disabled people and installation bay. On one front wall of the shower. This element is repeated, the cabin is only 2.6 meters high (sv room is 3.65 meters), it was acting to hinder lightweight and transparent. On the left side counterclockwise overcomes next ramp stages. Pools are right to counter a výrivý. In this part of the facade facing the street catchment area, the intersection of fishing and of 8 m of pools have already seen the two interface Brno: Petrov and Špilberk. There is also a visitor gets to escape-connecting staircase. Possibility of shortening the path to the sauna is right here. The following pool of options in turn draws the double facade. Studenúuvodu make cold, shielded, north-facing environment. Hot pool at a height level of hygiene cab ...

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Chang, Yih-Farn, and 張翼帆. "Maguro Price at Tsukiji Fish Market." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41027202643296474170.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
99
The purpose of this article is to discuss how the price of bluefin tuna is affected, and discuss how to estimate price elasticity of bluefin tuna. Take the world biggest fish market -- Tsukiji Fish Market as an example, we used the data sets from Tokyo Central Wholesale Market and combined with current literature to interpret how price and volume of bluefin tuna changed. We found holidays have significant impact on daily volume of fresh bluefin tuna.While the volume of trading days before the holidays had increased to response the demand of the holidays, the volume of trading days after holidays had increased to reflect the stock consumption of bluefin tuna. Compared with monthly elasticity, daily elasticity is relatively small. To sum up, the data sets of fresh and freeze bluefin tuna have shown different characteristics, and these two categories of bluefin tuna are sold separate auction markets at Tsukiji Fish Market. This implies fresh and freeze bluefin tunas are not substitution goods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Li, Kuan-Shih, and 李冠世. "Treatment of Fish Market Wastes by Electroflotation." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89633656730472561327.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程研究所
82
The electroflotation process utilizing four different kinds of anodes, including sacrificed iron, and aluminum, inert graphite and lead dioxide-coated titanium (PbO2/Ti),was used to treat fish market wastes. The objective of this study aims to determine the effect of operating parameters, including initial pH , electrode gap , current density , and specific applied electricity , on the efficiency of electroflotation and its specific energy consumption. The experimental resultsfrom batch reactors of electro- flotation reveals that: (1) The electroflotation utilizing the sacrificed anode of aluminum has a better efficiency than that utilizing the sacrificed anode of iron.When the current density of 1.0 amp/dm2 and the specific applied electricity of 19.2amp. min/l were controlled in electroflotation utilizing the sacrificed anode of aluminum, the removal efficiencies of CODt and SS were 82.3 and 81.4%,respectively.(2)The electroflotation utilizing the inert anode of PbO2 /Ti had a better efficiency for the removal of pollutants.When the current density of 1.5 amp/dm2 and specific applied electricity of 115.4 amp.min/l were controlled, the removal efficiencies of CODt, SS, and NH3-N were 90.3, 87.2, and 100%,respectively. In the continuous-flow reactor of electroflotation utilizing the sacrificed anode of aluminum, when the current density of 2.0 amp/dm2 and specific applied electricity of 44.2 amp.min/l were controlled, the removal efficiencies of CODt and SS were 79.5 % and 76.4%, respectively. In the continuous-flow reactor of electroflotation utilizing the inert anode of PbO2 /Ti, when the current density of 2.0 amp/dm2 and specific applied electricity of 118.5 amp.min/l were controlled, the removal efficiencies of CODt, SS and NH3-N were 87.1 %, 85.9 % and 100 %,respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Shou-Yao, Chao, and 趙守堯. "An Analysis of Operation and Improvement Strategies of the Fish Wholesale Market in Taiwan－Focusing on Taichung Fish Market." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53771282365299515422.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立海洋大學
應用經濟研究所
91
The wholesale market has always been the traditional trading place for domestic agricultural and aquatic products. It brings together supply and demand with a high efficiency of price determination. It provides the important functions of concentration, equalization and dispersion for these products. There are 18 urban wholesale fish markets in Taiwan. Due to the change of socio-economic situation, technological improvement of production and marketing, and the raising of consumer’s consciousness, as well as a stronger competition of market since Taiwan join WTO, they face with numerous difficulties in operation. How to take strategies for the problems solution and the rising of operation efficiency become very important issues. Aiming at the above-mentioned purpose, this research, focusing on Taichung fish market, utilizes a secondary data and some investigational data together with theoretical approach in management economics and then carries by a SWOT analysis. After a detail analysis in internal and external environment, and the evaluation of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of fish market, this thesis study some practicable strategies and measures. Through out this research, several suggestions are made for Taichung Fish Market as follows: 1.Diversified operation of business: such as the set up of distribution center of seafood, holiday fish market, the business of packing and processing and on-line sales etc. 2.Development of knowledge-economics: such as the utilization of information technology, enhance of innovation, and enforcement of knowledge-capital. 3.Organizational rebuilding: including the reformation of structure, profit sharing of employees, and employee’s training programs. 4.Enstrengthening of business quality: such as the issue of quality assurance certificates, dispute-arbitrating apparatus, strategically alliance of business.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Hsieh, Ko-Jung, and 謝可蓉. "Analyzing Evaluation System of The Fish Wholesale Market." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52683091153935215298.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
100
Fish wholesale markets are the main trading facilities in Taiwan, accounting for 40% of the total domestic demand for fish. Their functions are market information, supply and demand adjustment, hygiene management, fishery products distribution, and price settlements. These functions gradually decline in recent years. The operation of fish wholesale markets has an enormous impact on the domestic fishery production and sales channels, so its existence is of importance. However, there is currently no comprehensive fish market evaluation mechanism in Taiwan. The purposes of this study are to analyze the evaluation system of the fish wholesale markets, and by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to comprehend viewpoints from all parties including government agencies, fish market managers, and academics. From the evaluation system, we can obtain a more objective importance ranking, and to serve as a reference for future evaluations. These markets can function with higher efficiency and improvement in all aspects. Basing on existing regulations and the relevant literature, this study finds out the evaluation factors, using experts’ opinion to make adjustments, and the AHP to structure various factors. Then, within this framework, this study forms the questionnaire, analyzes the expert opinion, and calculates the weights of various items. This study finds that level two importance rankings are in the orders of trading process management, safety management of fishery products, market administrative management, market environment and hygiene management, and equipment maintenance and management. Trading process management and safety management of fishery products are the top two important factors, because these are the main functions of fish wholesale markets. Fish wholesale markets are the legal market place for fishery products, and their trading processes should be strictly monitored in order to pursue the fairness. Fish wholesale markets should also ensure safety of fishery products and protect the consumers from illness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Chung, Lin-Lin, and 鐘鈴鈴. "Identifying Critical Factors of Purchasing Fish Products–An Authorized Wholesaler in Taichung Fish Market." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/maacqm.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
企業管理學系國際企業經營管理(IMBA)
104
This study is based on an authorized wholesaler of Taichung Fish Market to identify critical factors when fishmongers purchase fish products by using expert interviews and the questionnaire survey. Five key factors are found, including adequate supply of goods, high-quality goods, geography, price, and convenience, to be used by decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method in order to further assist fish suppliers to improve the operations. The results show that adequate supply of goods is the most important factor followed by convenience and high-quality goods. From cause and effect viewpoints, price is not the critical factor but geography is the most critical factor in this study followed by adequate supply of goods and convenience.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fish market'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles