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Journal articles on the topic 'Fish mineral constituents'
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1
Ojetayo, Teslim Asefa, Abiola Fadilat Durojaiye, Nathanel Akinsafe Bamidele, Odunayo Rukayat Ibitunde, and Oluwaseun Abigail Sofowote. "Phytochemical Constituents of Cnestis ferruginea and Its Toxicity in Fish." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 24, no. 1 (2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.69651.
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The study explored the potentials of C. ferruginea as a nutritional supplement while also testing its possible toxicity to fish. Standard proximate and mineral analysis procedures were used to estimate nutritional composition, while Lorke's and Tainter and Miller's methods were used to determine LD50 of C. ferruginea. Results were presented as means±SD, and analysis of variance was used to test for differences in means. The values obtained for each parameter measured were significantly different (p<0.05) across all the samples. The analyzed ash contents for the crude powder, aqueous, ethanolic extracts were 1.47±0.02, 1.06±0.01, and 0.85±0.01,respectively. A low protein concentration of less than 5% was recorded across the samples. A decreasing trend (75.05±0.25 < 52.09±0.19 < 31.21±0.61) was observed in the carbohydrate values in the crude powder, aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively. The mineral composition of C. ferruginea across the samples was significantly different (p<0.05). The crude powder sample had the highest values recorded for all the minerals analyzed, followed by the aqueous and then ethanolic extract except for iron and copper, where ethanolic extract had higher values than aqueous extract. The values obtained for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannin, phenolic compounds, and oxalates showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the crude powder sample, aqueous extract, and ethanolic extract, respectively. However, the ethanolic extract had higher values than the aqueous extract for glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids. Of the phytochemical components analyzed, oxalate had the highest value (16.11±0.01) followed by saponin (12.31±0.19), alkaloids (8.12±0.00), and tannin (6.43±0.17). The lowest values were recorded in steroids (0.11±0.00), terpenoids (0.29±0.01), and glycosides (0.34±0.01). LD50 was calculated to be 223.61 mg/kg for aqueous extract of C. ferruginea and 170.29 mg/kg for ethanolic extract (Lorke's method), while 124.82 mg/kg was obtained for aqueous extract and 128.63 mg/kg for ethanolic extract of C. ferruginea (Miller and Tainter method). The behavioural responses observed include weakness, hanging within the water column, and slow response to feeding. Mortality was recorded in some doses. The results indicate that C. ferruginea is a potential source of energy and minerals when incorporated into the fish diet. Its phytochemical constituent is wealthy and could be used in fish health management. However, the plant is toxic and cautiously applied with an LD50 value lower than 2.500 mg/kg.
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Safronova, Tatiana, Viktor Vorobyov, Natalia Kildeeva, et al. "Inorganic Powders Prepared from Fish Scales." Ceramics 5, no. 3 (2022): 484–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics5030037.
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A mixture of abramis brama (freshwater bream), carassius carassius (crucian carp), and sander lucioperca (pike perch) scales was used for the preparation of fish scale powder containing constituents of organic and inorganic nature. The mixture of the mentioned fish scales was washed, dried, and ground for the preparation of fish scale powder. Vibration sieving was used to prepare fish scale powder enriched with inorganic components. According to thermal analysis data, this fish scale powder enriched with inorganic components included about 36.5 wt.% components removed when heating, primarily those of organic nature, and 63.5 wt.% mineral components. Inorganic powders consisting of hydroxyapatite and magnesium whitlockite were obtained via heat treatment of this fish scale powder at 800–1000 °C. Particles of these inorganic powders consisted of sintered grains with dimensions less than 100 nm after heat treatment at 800 °C, less than 200 nm after heat treatment at 900 °C, and 100–1000 nm after heat treatment at 1000 °C. Fish scale powder enriched with inorganic components as well as heat-treated inorganic powders consisting of hydroxyapatite and magnesium whitlockite can be recommended for the production of different materials, such as ceramics or composites.
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N. Ajonina, Gordon, Coleen Mumbang, Jacqueline Therese Ngo Oum, Fani Momo Dogmo, Minette Tomedi Eyango, and Francois Tchoumbougnang. "Comparing Smoked Fish Quality of Traditional and Improved Modern Ovens Using Dendro-Energy from Mangrove and Tropical Forest Woods and Implications for Conservation in Central African Atlantic Coast, Cameroon." Energy and Earth Science 6, no. 1 (2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ees.v6n1p1.
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Smoked fish qualitative organoleptic parameters (color, smell, texture and taste) and quantitative proximate parameters (protein and ash content and salt mineral: Ca, Iron, Mg, Zn content in ash) of two species (Ethmalosa fimbriata and Pseudotolithus elongatus) smoked in traditional and modern ovens with wood from mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) and two tropical forest (Sacoglottis gabonensis and Albizia glaberrina) species in Douala-Edea Atlantic coast, Cameroon are presented. Women processors significantly spend more time, consume more wood and consequently release significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the environment with traditional smoking system. Organoleptic characteristics were significantly different with ovens types but not with different wood species except color (black and marron from inland forest wood species and preferred brownish and golden brown colored smoked fish from mangrove wood). Fish food constituents yielded for improved smoked oven: Protein content (65.52%; 69.45%), ash content (6.21%; 5.57%) and traditional oven: Protein content (70.65%; 75.00%), ash content (5.73%; 6.33%) for Ethmalosa fimbriata and Pseudotolithus elongatus respectively. Results also confirmed good dietary quality of fish samples (source of calcium, iron and magnesium). Some energy efficient management techniques and conservation implications were proposed regarding qualitative and quantitative improvement of smoked fish.
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Moursy, M. A. M., Amro Negm, H. G. Ghanem, and Kamal I. Wasfy. "Enhancing Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Pomegranate Crop by Using Fish Drainage Water with Bio-Fertilizer under Drip Irrigation System." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (2022): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091376.
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Fish drainage water is a non-conventional water resource that can be exploited for irrigation due to its constituents of beneficial nutrients, signifying it as environment-friendly bio-fertilizers. Limited water resources, the elevated cost of mineral fertilizers hazards as well as attaining healthy food are of paramount significance in the agriculture sector in Egypt. The utilization of bio-fertilizers is an avenue to fulfil agricultural sustainability, production of clean crops and preservation of the soil from the accumulation of heavy metals and chemicals. Hence, this study aims to find non-conventional alternative water resources to be used for irrigation of pomegranate fruit yield. Two resources of water were utilized, and three types of bio-fertilizers were applied. Results showed that, fish drainage water increased the total yield (kg/fed) by 25.2% as compared to freshwater. Chicken manure increased the total yield (kg/fed) by 22.37 and 11.89% in comparison with cattle and compost organic fertilizer under fish drainage water, respectively. The use of chicken manure yielded the highest net return (2420.79US $/fed), while compost and cattle dung were found to be (2123.52US $/fed) and (1721.66US $/fed), respectively, under using fish drainage water. The study showed that the use of fish drainage water as an organic resource would be an alternative to commercial fertilizers, which could reduce the total cost and thus increase the net profit and yield. Less dependency of commercial fertilizer would have an impact on reducing the emissions of CO2 mitigating global warming.
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Arola, D., S. Ghods, C. Son, S. Murcia, and E. A. Ossa. "Interfibril hydrogen bonding improves the strain-rate response of natural armour." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 150 (2019): 20180775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0775.
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Fish scales are laminated composites that consist of plies of unidirectional collagen fibrils with twisted-plywood stacking arrangement. Owing to their composition, the toughness of scales is dependent on the intermolecular bonding within and between the collagen fibrils. Adjusting the extent of this bonding with an appropriate stimulus has implications for the design of next-generation bioinspired flexible armours. In this investigation, scales were exposed to environments of water or a polar solvent (i.e. ethanol) to influence the extent of intermolecular bonding, and their mechanical behaviour was evaluated in uniaxial tension and transverse puncture. Results showed that the resistance to failure of the scales increased with loading rate in both tension and puncture and that the polar solvent treatment increased both the strength and toughness through interpeptide bonding; the largest increase occurred in the puncture resistance of scales from the tail region (a factor of nearly 7×). The increase in strength and damage tolerance with stronger intermolecular bonding is uncommon for structural materials and is a unique characteristic of the low mineral content. Scales from regions of the body with higher mineral content underwent less strengthening, which is most likely the result of interference posed by the mineral crystals to intermolecular bonding. Overall, the results showed that flexible bioinspired composite materials for puncture resistance should enrol constituents and complementary processing that capitalize on interfibril bonds.
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SOCKALINGAM, KANAGESWARY, Mohd Azha Yahya, and Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah. "Preparations of Hydroxyapatite from Tilapia Scales." Advanced Materials Research 1087 (February 2015): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.30.
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Hydroxyapatite (HAp), classified as bioceramic materials is the major mineral constituent of vertebrate bones and teeth. In this study, the effect of temperature on isolation and characterization of HAp from tilapia fish scales have been investigated. Scales were subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures (800°C and 1000°C) and microstructure of both raw and calcined scales were observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) results have revealed the best calcination temperature of tilapia scales to be 800°C due to the calculated calcium to phosphorous weight ratio (Ca/P). The Ca/P ratio for scales treated at 800°C and 1000°C were 1.598 and 1.939 respectively. The phase purity and crystallinity of produced HAp was further confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Based on the study, it can be concluded that tilapia fish scale is a good natural source of HAp with 800°C as the optimum calcination temperature in HAp production.
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Rajan, Muthuswami Ruby, Manjula Devi Mangalaraj, and Suganya Dhandapani. "Impact of Different Quantity of Green Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Enzymatic, Biochemical Changes and Hematology of Zebrafish Danio rerio." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 14, no. 5 (2021): 5603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2021.14.5.4.
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 Nanoparticles such as Fe, FeO, CuO, Zn, ZnO, and Se play an important role in aquaculture. These compounds are essential minerals to increase fish growth and supplemen-tation in feeds because practical feedstuffs contain low levels of these microminerals. Dietary supplementation of nanoparticles produces greater survival, growth, antioxidant levels and immunity of aquatic organisms including fishes. The present study deals with the impact of different quantity of green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on growth, enzymatic, biochemical changes, and hematology of Zebrafish Danio rerio. Anisomeles malabarica leaf extract was used for the synthesis of iron oxide nano-particles and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDAX, and FT-IR. Six feeds were prepared with different quantity of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (F1 - Control, F2 -10 mg, F3 – 20mg, F4 – 30mg and F5 – 50mg) and feed ingredients are fish meal, groundnut oilcake, wheat flour, and tapioca flour. Growth, digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, and lipase), biochemical constituents (total protein, carbohydrate and lipid) and hematological parameters were estimated after 30 days. ‘t’ test and One-way ANOVA was used for the analysis. The feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, weight gain, percentage growth, relative growth rate, assimilation, metabolism, gross and net growth efficiency were higher in F5 containing 40mg of green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (1.98 ± 0.29, 0.19 ± 0.02, 0.85 ± 0.32, 2.88 ± 0.74, 2.21 ± 0.70, 1.61 ± 0.11, 44.31 ± 10.58 and 42.11 ± 9.46). 40mg of iron oxide nanoparticles supplemented feed enhanced the digestive enzymes and biochemical constituents of Zebrafish. The results conclude that 40 mg iron oxide nanoparticles supplemented feed enhanced the growth, digestive enzymes, biochemical constituents, and hematology of Zebrafish.
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Prüter, Julia, Sebastian Marcus Strauch, Lisa Carolina Wenzel, Wantana Klysubun, Harry Wilhelm Palm, and Peter Leinweber. "Organic Matter Composition and Phosphorus Speciation of Solid Waste from an African Catfish Recirculating Aquaculture System." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (2020): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100466.
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Recycling of phosphorus (P) from feed input in aquaculture systems gains increasing importance, especially relating to sustainable agriculture and food production. In order to find possible areas of application of African catfish solid waste, the purpose of this study was to characterize the elemental and organic matter composition and P speciation in the aquaculture fish waste. Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) was used to investigate the composition of organic matter and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to describe the occurring P-containing compounds in African catfish solid waste from an intensive recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). The solid fish waste was mainly composed of sterols, free fatty acids and alkylaromatics, as it is common for digestive systems of animals. Ingredients such as the phytosterol beta-sitosterin confirm plant-based feed ingredients and some recalcitrance against digestion in the African catfish gut. The P in the solid fish waste was exclusively bound as calcium-phosphates. These calcium-phosphate minerals as major constituents of African catfish waste may have beneficial effects when applied to soils, suggesting the use of this waste as possible soil amendment in the future.
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Jawale, Ratnamala S. "Nutritional and Health Benefits of Seafood for Human: A Review." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 17, no. 6 (2025): 74–83. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2025/v17i61741.
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Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, especially fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of molluscs (gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods), crustaceans, and echinoderms. It also includes edible sea plants such as some seaweed and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in Asia. Seafood is a popular part of the chilled product range and more people are turning to fish as a healthy alternative to meat. Seafood is an important source of (animal) protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. Seafood consumption is significant for human health, offering various benefits, particularly for heart health, intellectual development, and overall well-being. It's a good source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, including omega-3 fatty acids, which are crucial for improved heart health, better brain function, potential weight management, and reduced risk of certain diseases. The present review compiles the recent information from the available literature relating to the nutritional and health benefits of seafood to humans concerning biochemical constituents, health benefits, and nutritional benefits. It is recommended that seafood intake for an adult is 225g per week, whereas for those who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or children, about 225 to 340g of seafood intake is recommended per week.
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Jaziri, Abdul Aziz, Rossita Shapawi, Ruzaidi Azli Mohd Mokhtar, Wan Norhana Md Noordin, and Nurul Huda. "Chemical Composition of Lizardfish Surimi By-Product: Focus on Macro and Micro-Minerals Contents." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 1 (2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.1.06.
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Surimi processing industries generated over 60% of fish by-products, including head, skin, viscera, trimming, bone, scale, and fin. Hence, an effort converting these by-products into valuable compounds and constituents is necessary for optimizing the resources. In order to implement this, the information on the chemical composition of the by-products is helpful. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, particularly minerals of lizardfish surimi by-products. The protein, fat, ash, moisture, and carbohydrate values of by-products differed significantly (p < 0.05). Protein content was highest in the skin and scale (29.63% and 29.62%, respectively), and ash content was predominantly found in the scale (28.43%), fin (26.01%), and bone (23.58). Calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium content were significantly varied respectively from 0.25% to 6.88%, 0.06% to 0.37%, 0.01% to 0.09%, and 0.01% to 0.32%. Calcium is highest in scale, whereas zinc, manganese, and iron were most abundance in all parts of the by-products sample. Zinc is mostly detected in the fin (76.75 µg/g), bone (48.67 µg/g) and scale (46.01 µg/g) parts. On the other hand, copper, chromium, selenium, cadmium and lead were detected at lower concentration (less than 2 µg/g), and complied with the safety levels set by the Malaysian Food and Regulations. These findings suggest that, by-products generated from lizardfish surimi processing may be used as ingredients to enrich nutritional value of other food products.
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Chime, Anthonia Odinita. "Phytochemical and Proximate Evaluation of Fresh and Spoilt Fruits of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Sold in Five Major Markets in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria." African Scientist 24, no. 2 (2023): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26538/africanscientist.24.2.202306015.
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Tomatoes contribute to healthy, well-balanced diet. They are rich in minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, sugar and dietary fibres. It contains much vitamin B and C, iron and phosphorus. Tomato fruits are consumed fresh in salads or cooked in sauces, soup and meat or fish dishes. Phytochemical compounds are desirable compounds in our food because of their antioxidant properties. The study of phytochemical and proximate evaluation of fresh and spoilt tomatoes fruits obtained from five markets in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria was carried out. This aim to investigate the phytochemical and proximate constituents of both fresh and spoilt tomatoes fruit. A total of 400 tomatoes were randomly purchased from the five markets in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. In each market, 40 fresh (firm and undamaged) and 40 spoilt (damaged and spoilt) tomatoes were purchased from 10 different sellers. Samples were separately packaged into different sterile containers, labelled, and transported to the laboratory immediately for phytochemical and proximate analysis. The phytochemical and proximate composition analyses were carried out using the official methods of analysis of analytical chemists laboratory procedures. The result shows a significant difference in value of phytochemical and proximate composition in both fresh and spoilt tomato fruits. The value of crude carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat, saponin, flavonoids and alkaloids were higher in fresh tomato fruits than spoilt fruit while moisture, crude ash, crude fibre, tannins and polyphenols were higher in spoilt tomato fruits than in fresh fruits. This study has shown that spoilage reduces some important phytochemical and proximate constituents of tomato fruits
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Kaliniak-Dziura, Agnieszka, Piotr Skałecki, Mariusz Florek, Monika Kędzierska-Matysek, and Paweł Sobczak. "Chemical Composition and Elements Concentration of Fillet, Spine and Bones of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Relation to Nutrient Requirements for Minerals." Animals 14, no. 9 (2024): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14091311.
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The aim of the study was to compare the content of major components, selected elements and heavy metals in the fillet, spine and bones of a carp (Cyprinus carpio). Moreover, the extent to which a prepared portion of carp tissue (100 g of fillet and 10 g of carp spine or bones) met the requirements for analyzed elements in adults (women and men) and children was calculated. The proximate composition (total protein, total lipid, ash, moisture) and mineral content of the fish samples were determined. The nutrient composition presented fluctuations among the different tissues. Moisture was the main constituent in the fillet and in the spine with 77.8% and 56.0%, respectively, whereas in bones, the main ingredient was ash (36.2%). All carp tissues were good sources of protein, with 16.5%, 21.0% and 17.0% in spine, bones and fillet, respectively. The most abundant main elements were the potassium in the fillet (4005 mg kg−1) and calcium in the bones (116,463 mg kg−1). The most abundant trace elements were iron in fillet and zinc in bones and spine. Carp meat can be considered a safe foodstuff in terms of concentrations of Hg, Pb and Cd, as the levels of these contaminants were less than FAO and European Commission maximum guidelines.
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Abdel-All, Sherif R., Zeinab T. Abdel Shakour, Dalia M. N. Abouhussein, et al. "Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of a Newly Designed Nutraceutical Self-Nanoemulsifying Self-Nanosuspension for Protection and Treatment of Cisplatin Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Rats." Molecules 26, no. 2 (2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020408.
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The incorporation of cisplatin (CP) as a cytotoxic antineoplastic agent in most chemotherapeutic protocols is a challenge due to its toxic effect on testicular tissues. Natural compounds present a promising trend in research, so a new nutraceutical formulation (NCF) was designed to diminish CP spermatotoxicity. A combination of three nutraceutical materials, 250 mg Spirulina platensis powder (SP), 25 mg Tribulus terrestris L. extract (TT), and 100 mg fish oil (FO) were formulated in self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension (SNESNS). SP was loaded into the optimized self-nanoemulsifying system (30% FO, 50% span 80/cremophor EL and 20% isopropanol) and mixed with TT aqueous solution to form SNESNS. For the SP, phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of valuable amounts of fatty acids (FAs), amino acids, flavonoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analysis confirmed the formation of nanoemulsion-based nanosuspension upon dilution. Method validation of the phytochemical constituents in NCF has been developed. Furthermore, NCF was biologically evaluated on male Wistar rats and revealed the improvement of spermatozoa, histopathological features, and biochemical markers over the CP and each ingredient group. Our findings suggest the potential of NCF with SNESNS as a delivery system against CP-induced testicular toxicity in male rats.
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Bland, John M., Casey C. Grimm, Peter J. Bechtel, Uttam Deb, and Madan M. Dey. "Proximate Composition and Nutritional Attributes of Ready-to-Cook Catfish Products." Foods 10, no. 11 (2021): 2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112716.
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To increase the demand for U.S. farm-raised catfish, five healthy, convenient ready-to-cook products were developed to expand consumers’ options beyond basic fresh or frozen fillets. Five new catfish products were produced, consisting of one hundred samples of each, including three size-types of Panko-breaded fish products (strips, center cuts of regular fillets, and center cuts from Delacata fillets) and two marinated products (sriracha and sesame-ginger). The breaded products were to be prepared by baking for convenience over traditional frying methods, while the marinated products were to be microwaved as healthy and convenient products. The nutrient content of the samples was analyzed, including protein, moisture, fat, fiber, ash, and carbohydrate, as well as minerals, amino acid, and fatty acid constituent content, with associated atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI), showing unique differences between the Panko-breaded and marinated products. In addition, a trend was observed showing an increase in moisture, protein, ash, and carbohydrate percentages, and a decrease in lipid content related to the volume-to-surface-area ratio, having the order of strips < standard fillets < Delacata fillets.
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Safonov, Andrey Alexandrovich. "PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR EAST IN THE LIGHT OF THE EASTERN ECONOMIC FORUM." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 13, no. 5 (2023): 710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2023-13-5-710-720.
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The paper examines the prospects and problems of the development of the Far East within the framework of the Eastern Economic Forum, held in Vladivostok in September 2023. The article provides a certain SWOT analysis (showing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities of the Far East, as well as probabilistic threats to it). The solutions to the demographic problems of the Far East, the problems of providing Russia with its own fish products, and the features of the digital economy are considered. The article lists the main causes (threats) of the sparsely populated Far East and its permanent demographic crisis; It was also noted that administrative measures are the most effective for a significant increase in its population. Measures are proposed to increase the demographic potential of the Far East and it is noted that the enormous prospects for its development can be realized only with the development of mineral resources and the competent integration of the constituent parts of Russian society. The article reflects that the extraction of fish products (70% of the total catch) and its export (40% of the volume) is one of the main functions of the Far East, and therefore it is concluded that Russia can completely switch to self-sufficiency in fish products.The problems that may interfere with the implementation of this aspect of the country's food independence and ways to solve these problems, one of which can be attributed to digitalization, are considered.The positive and negative trends in the development of digitalization, as well as special cases of its manifestation, are analyzed. The article notes that the problems of digitalization in Russia lie in the absence of its most necessary components, several solutions are proposed and the risks and consequences of their application are analyzed.The publication emphasizes that the accelerated digitalization of the economy of the whole country contains emergence risks that can cause problems. The article suggests the onset of the third world (digital financial) war and indicates that its main cause may be the problems of the US Federal Reserve. The conclusions and suggestions made in the article can be useful to politicians, scientists, economists, specialists and journalists in the field of fisheries, demography and digitalization of the economy.
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A. Voropaev, Sergey, Vyacheslav S. Sevastyanov, Nikitha V. Dushenko, Elena A. Tkachenko, and Irina N. Gromyak. "Weathering of volcanic eruption products and rivers contamination in Kamchatka." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 22, no. 1 (2025): 33. https://doi.org/10.36922/ajwep.8113.
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We investigated the biochemical weathering of unaltered lava and scoria samples from Tolbachik volcanic field (Kamchatka). An experimental study on leaching of main (Si, Fe, Mg, Al, and Ca) and trace element constituents (Li, Sr, Ba, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ti, and other trace metals) was conducted. We used 0.01 M (pH 2) solutions of oxalic and acetic acids as analogs of natural bioorganic solvents. Meanwhile, a constant mass ratio of solid and liquid phases was maintained. The results suggested that the mobilization of trace elements occurs mainly as a result of the destruction of the crystalline structures of rock-forming minerals. In the case of oxalic acid solution, Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxyhydroxides are reduced to soluble Fe(II) and Mn(II) compounds. The formation of organic complexes increases the stability of metals in solution and makes it possible to achieve significantly higher concentrations of dissolved forms than in the absence of organic ligands. For example, water that has passed through an old lava field covered with lichen may contain 2.5 times more Co than the maximum permissible concentration for fish reproduction. This study demonstrated that the spikes in concentrations of heavy metals in the Kamchatka River, observed during the 2015 &ndash; 2016 period, can be explained by the leaching of fresh products from the Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (2012 &ndash; 2013).
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Caruso, Gabriella, Rosanna Floris, Claudio Serangeli, and Luisa Di Paola. "Fishery Wastes as a Yet Undiscovered Treasure from the Sea: Biomolecules Sources, Extraction Methods and Valorization." Marine Drugs 18, no. 12 (2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18120622.
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The search for new biological sources of commercial value is a major goal for the sustainable management of natural resources. The huge amount of fishery by-catch or processing by-products continuously produced needs to be managed to avoid environmental problems and keep resource sustainability. Fishery by-products can represent an interesting source of high added value bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, collagen, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chitin, polyphenolic constituents, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, toxins; nevertheless, their biotechnological potential is still largely underutilized. Depending on their structural and functional characteristics, marine-derived biomolecules can find several applications in food industry, agriculture, biotechnological (chemical, industrial or environmental) fields. Fish internal organs are a rich and underexplored source of bioactive compounds; the fish gut microbiota biosynthesizes essential or short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals or enzymes and is also a source of probiotic candidates, in turn producing bioactive compounds with antibiotic and biosurfactant/bioemulsifier activities. Chemical, enzymatic and/or microbial processing of fishery by-catch or processing by-products allows the production of different valuable bioactive compounds; to date, however, the lack of cost-effective extraction strategies so far has prevented their exploitation on a large scale. Standardization and optimization of extraction procedures are urgently required, as processing conditions can affect the qualitative and quantitative properties of these biomolecules. Valorization routes for such raw materials can provide a great additional value for companies involved in the field of bioprospecting. The present review aims at collecting current knowledge on fishery by-catch or by-products, exploring the valorization of their active biomolecules, in application of the circular economy paradigm applied to the fishery field. It will address specific issues from a biorefinery perspective: (i) fish tissues and organs as potential sources of metabolites, antibiotics and probiotics; (ii) screening for bioactive compounds; (iii) extraction processes and innovative technologies for purification and chemical characterization; (iv) energy production technologies for the exhausted biomass. We provide a general perspective on the techno-economic feasibility and the environmental footprint of the production process, as well as on the definition of legal constraints for the new products production and commercial use.
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Hazarika, Tridip Kumar, Basik Tayeng, Rody Ngurthankhumi, Esther Lalruatsangi, Kalidas Upadhyaya, and Nicolee Lyngdoh. "Unlocking Wild Edible Fruits of Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hot Spot, Arunachal Pradesh, India, to Support Food Security and Sustainable Rural Livelihood." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 16088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316088.
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Forests inhabit a large number of trees, shrubs, climbers, non-timber forest products and a number of wild edible fruits. These wild edible fruits are an indispensable constituent of human life and rich in vitamins, minerals, fibres, antioxidants, alkaloids, and phenolics. Many of them are good source of medicines. The present study was undertaken to document wild edible fruits of Arunachal Pradesh, India, and their socioeconomic importance in the sustainable rural economy. The study revealed that altogether 50 wild edible fruits belonging to 31 families are used against a number of ailments. They have a number of uses in the socioeconomic life of rural people such as constructional timbers, firewood, charcoal, fodder, fish poisoning, dyes, oils, etc. Although these fruits play an important role in the life of tribal people, these valuable species have been vanishing at a very fast rate. Therefore, promoting their sustainable use and increasing their abundance in different landscapes through the agroforestry system must immediately be undertaken. The claimed therapeutic values are to be critically studied and dynamic conservation of associated indigenous knowledge among local tribal communities should be carried out through policy interventions, implementation of farmer’s rights, and generation of awareness among the local people. Policy makers should immediately undertake strategic plans for both in situ and ex situ conservation of wild edible fruits that have ethno-medicinal values. In addition, the orally transmitted therapeutic values of wild edible fruits should be urgently documented to safeguard these valuable species from further extinction.
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Kasumov, V. A., and K. J. Alieva. "Optimization of hyperspectral systems of fluorescent testing of food products." Problems of Informatization and Management 1, no. 69 (2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2073-4751.69.16813.
Full textAbstract:
Spectral analysis – based on the study of the emission spectra of various substances. Samples of the analyzed substance are “burned” under certain conditions, the substance evaporates and dissonates into atoms, which, when excited, give a spectrum. The light emitted in this case, passing through the glass prism of the spectroscope, is decomposed into its constituent parts (different light) and the experimenter observes a number of different lines (linear spectrum). The lines judge the presence of a particular element in the analyzed product.
 The higher the intensity of the lines, the higher the concentration of the substance. With the help of spectrographs, it is possible to photograph the radiation and, by the degree of blackening of the lines on the photographic plate, determine the concentration of a substance. The method is highly sensitive; impurities of substances determine up to 0.0001% – decimal fractions of a percent. The method is used to determine the mineral composition of products of plant and animal origin.
 Luminescence is the glow of atoms, ions, molecules, and more complex particles of matter, which occurs as a result of the transition of electrons in them upon returning from an excited state to a normal one. To transfer particles to an excited state, the definition of the amount of energy is summed up. Glow or part of the energy is released in the form of luminescence quanta. This method is used to determine vitamins, proteins, and fats in milk, to determine the freshness of meat and fish and various spoilage of vegetables, fruits, to detect preservatives, drugs, carcinogens, pesticides in food products.
 When assessing the quality of food products, great importance is given to their consistency. There are rheological methods for assessing consistency – the primary assessment of food products. Rheology studies the structural and mechanical properties of materials (deformation). Rheological properties include viscosity, elasticity, elasticity, and strength.
 Perhaps the emergence of new, more advanced methods that will become widespread, i.e., each consumer will have the opportunity to determine the quality of the product with the help of a mini device (such as a radioactive background meter, etc.) when buying.
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Ángel, González, Márquez Arístide, Senior William, and Martínez Gregorio. "CONSTITUYENTES MINERALES DEL MOROCOTO Piaractus brachypomus EN EL ORINOCO MEDIO DE VENEZUELA." December 14, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.160415.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of the concentrations of some mineral as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron was made in the muscular tissue of the morocoto Piaractus brachypomus from the middle Orinoco River in Venezuela, captured in some flood lagoons with gillnet. The concentration of these minerals was analyzed by Atomic Absorption with flame of air-acetylene and correction of deuterium, using a team Perkin Elmer 3100 coupled with an autosampler Perkin-Elmer ACE-51. An average of 45.32 ± 0.52 μg/g was determined in the iron concentration, 3497.48 ± 107.06 μg/g in the concentration of calcium, 1528.95 ± 29.25 μg/g in the concentration of magnesium, 3529.66 ± 65.24 μg/g in the concentration of sodium and 16488.90 ± 264.69 μg/g in the concentration of potassium. A variance analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan test later, demonstrated that these concentrations presented significant differences, with a bigger concentration of potassium, followed by the sodium and the calcium, and then the magnesium and the iron. Among these minerals the concentrations of calcium and potassium presented correlation statistically significant. The results constitute a contribution to the knowledge of the chemical composition of P. brachypomus, one of the freshwater fish most important in the country from the commercial point of view and in the aquaculture.
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"Production of feed protein from animal waste by earthworms." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 310, no. 1144 (1985): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1985.0120.
Full textAbstract:
The 84 Mt of cattle waste, 9 Mt of pig waste and 4-5 M t of poultry waste produced annually in the U.K. create serious disposal problems. Research at Rothamsted since 1980 has shown that the earthworm Eisenia foetida and other species can break down these wastes rapidly under controlled conditions to provide valuable horticultural composts and high-grade protein suitable for animal feed. The conversion of animal wastes into earthworm tissue is very efficient, a tonne of suitable animal wastes producing up to 100 kg of worms, equivalent on a dry-mass basis to a conversion efficiency of the order of 10 %. Earthworm dry matter is 60-70 % protein with a higher content of essential amino acids, such as lysine and methionine, than either meat or fish meal. The other constituents of worms are 6-11 % fat, 5-21 % carbohydrate, 2-3 % minerals and a range of vitamins, of which niacin and vitamin B12 are of particular value. Thus worms are a valuable potential source of animal feed if they can be produced economically. Machinery for harvesting worms, methods of processing them into animal feed and successful feeding trials with fish and chickens are described.
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Manolis, Antonis S., Theodora A. Manolis, Antonis A. Manolis, and Helen Melita. "Diet and Sudden Death: How to Reduce the Risk." Current Vascular Pharmacology 20 (June 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161120666220621090343.
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Abstract: In addition to the association of dietary patterns, and specific foods and nutrients with several diseases, including cardiovascular disease and mortality, there is also strong emerging evidence of an association of dietary patterns with risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). In this comprehensive review, data are presented, analyzed and discussed about foods and diets which mitigate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and SCD, but also about arrhythmogenic nutritional elements and patterns that seem to enhance or facilitate potentially malignant VAs and SCD. The antiarrhythmic or protective group comprises fish, nuts and other foods enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the Mediterranean and other healthy diets, vitamins E, A and D and certain minerals (magnesium, potassium, selenium). The arrhythmogenic-food group includes saturated fat, trans fats, ketogenic and liquid protein diets, the Southern and other unhealthy diets, energy drinks and excessive caffeine intake, as well as heavy alcohol drinking. Relevant antiarrhythmic mechanisms include modification of cell membrane structure by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, their direct effect on calcium channels and cardiomyocytes and their important role in eicosanoid metabolism, enhancing myocyte electric stability, reducing vulnerability to VAs, lowering heart rate, and improving heart rate variability, each of which is a risk factor for SCD. Contrarily, saturated fat causes calcium handling abnormalities and calcium overload in cardiomyocytes, while high-fat diet causes mitochondrial dysfunction that dysregulates a variety of ion channels promoting VAs and SCD. Free fatty acids have been considered proarrhythmic and implicated in facilitating SCD; thus, diets increasing free fatty acids, e.g., ketogenic diets, should be discouraged and replaced with diets enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can also reduce free fatty acids. All available relevant data on this important topic are herein reviewed, large studies and meta-analyses and pertinent advisories are tabulated, while protective (antiarrhythmic) and arrhythmogenic specific diet constituents are pictorially illustrated.
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Holvik, Kristin, Per Ole Iversen, Arild Vaktskjold, et al. "Risk Assessment of "Other Substances" – L-Histidine." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, August 5, 2020, 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2020/v12i830266.
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The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet; NFSA), assessed the risk of "other substances" in food supplements and energy drinks sold in Norway. VKM has assessed the risk of doses given by NFSA. These risk assessments will provide NFSA with the scientific basis for regulating "other substances" in food supplements.
 "Other substances" are described in the food supplement directive 2002/46/EC as substances other than vitamins or minerals that have a nutritional and / or physiological effect. It is added mainly to food supplements, but also to energy drinks and other foods. In this series of risk assessments of "other substances" VKM has not evaluated any claimed beneficial effects from these substances, only possible adverse effects.
 The present report is a risk assessment of specified doses of L-histidine in food supplements, and it is based on previous risk assessments and articles retrieved from a literature search.Histidine; food supplement
 According to information from NFSA, L-histidine is an ingredient in food supplements and energy drinks sold in Norway. NSFA has requested a risk assessment of 550 and 600 mg/day of L-histidine from food supplements. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for adults of L-histidine is 14 mg/kg body weight/day (IOM, 2005), which corresponds to 980 mg/day for a 70 kg person. Oral doses has a bioavailiability of 80% or higher. Foods rich in histidine are generally protein rich foods such as meat, dairy products, legumes, fish, nuts, seeds, eggs and whole grains. Based on NHANES III (1988-1994), the overall mean intake of Lhistidine from food and food supplements in the United States was 2.2 g/day.
 L-histidine is a conditionally essential amino acid which is a normal constituent of most body proteins. L-histidine is also a part of many plasma proteins. It has anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Moreover, L-histidine is also a precursor of histamine and is necessary for the regulation and metabolism of trace elements such as metal ions. The human body has a large pool of L-histidine in plasma proteins, but also as carnosine in skeletal muscles and in haemoglobin.
 Due to the lack of adequate scientific information, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) have not been identified, and a tolerable upper intake level for histidine has not been established. Effects of histidin supplementation have been studied in trials with duration of up to 3-4 months. Previous risk assessments concluded that supplementation with 4.0 to 4.5 g/day of L-histidine above the dietary content does not have adverse effects in human beings, and new data retrieved in the present literature search were in accordance with these conclusions. No particular population groups have been identified as particularly susceptible to adverse effects of consuming histidine supplements. We have not identified any studies in children or adolescents. 
 VKM concludes that:
 
 In adults (≥18 years), the specified doses 550 and 600 mg/day L-histidine in food supplements are unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
 In adolescents (14 to <18 years), the specified doses 550 and 600 mg/day L-histidine in food supplements are unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
 In children (10 to <14 years), the specified doses 550 and 600 mg/day L-histidine in food supplements are unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
 
 Children younger than 10 years were not within the scope of the present risk assessment.