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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fish processing'
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Maghaydah, Sofyan. "Utilization of fish processing by-products for nutritional formulation of fish feed." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003maghaydahs.pdf.
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Misimi, Ekrem. "Computer vision for quality grading in fish processing." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1957.
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High labour costs, due to the existing technology that still involves a high degree of manually based processing, incur overall high production costs in the fish processing industry. Therefore, a higher degree of automation of processing lines is often desirable, and this strategy has been adopted by the Norwegian fish processing industry to cut-down production costs. In fish processing, despite a slower uptake than in other domains of industry, the use of computer vision as a strategy for automation is beginning to gain the necessary maturity for online grading and evaluation of various attributes related to fish quality. This can enable lower production costs and simultaneously increase quality through more consistent and non-destructive evaluation of the fish products.
This thesis investigates the possibility for automation of fish processing operations by the application of computer vision. The thesis summarises research conducted towards the development of computer vision-based methods for evaluation of various attributes related to whole fish and flesh quality. A brief summary of the main findings is presented here.
By application of computer vision, a method for the inspection of the presence of residual blood in the body cavity of whole Atlantic salmon was developed to determine the adequacy of washing. Inadequate washing of fish after bleeding is quite common in commercial processing plants. By segmenting the body cavity and performing a colour analysis, it was shown that the degree of bleeding correlated well with colour parameters, resulting in correct classification of the fish with residual blood. The developed computer vision-based classifier showed a good agreement with the manual classification of the fish that needed re-washing. The proposed method has potential to automate this type of inspection in fish processing lines.
In addition, a computer vision-based classifier for quality grading of whole Atlantic salmon in different grading classes, as specified by the industrial standard, was developed. In the proposed solution, after segmentation of the salmon from the image scene, with the use of the computer vision techniques, it was possible to extract non-redundant geometrical features describing the size and shape of fish. Based on these features, a classifier was developed for classification of fish into respective grading classes. The average correct rate of classification was in good agreement with the manual labelling, and the method has a potential for grading of Atlantic salmon in fish processing lines.
Regarding fillet grading, a computer vision-based sorting method for Atlantic salmon fillets according to their colour score was developed. The method and classifier/matching algorithm was based on the present industrial standard NS 9402 for evaluation of fillets by colour according to Roche Cards. As a result, fillets or parts of fillets, could be classified into different colour grades. This is important for the industry since different markets tend to have different preferences for fillet colour. This classification method is suitable for online industrial purposes. In addition, the method gives colour evaluation of fresh and smoked fillets in the CIELab space, similar to the L, a, and b values generated by a Minolta Chromameter, for different parts of fillets as well as for the entire fillet. The advantage of the computer vision-based method derives from the flexibility in the choice of the size of the region of interest of the fillet for colour measurement, as opposed to the Chromameter, where the Minolta generated values are obtained by interrogating a very small area of the fillet (8 mm). The method can also be used for detection of colour non-uniformities (discoloration) in both fresh and smoked fillets.
A method for computer vision-based measurements and monitoring of transient 2D and 3D changes in the size and shape of fillets during the rigor process and ice storage was developed. The method successfully measured the size (length, width, area) and shape (roundness) of Atlantic salmon and cod fillets, and monitored changes to these during ice storage with high precision. This was demonstrated by comparison of the exhausted and anesthetized fillets. By laser scanning of the fillet, it was possible to obtain size changes in the height (mm) and area of the fillet in cross-section. The method can be used not only for size and shape analysis of fillets but also for other fish products, both in on-line, as well as off-line conditions as a tool for monitoring 2D/3D size and shape changes. The method can also be used for determination of fillet yield measured in thickness, which is an important parameter for the industry. Together with the colour grading ability, this method can also be used for full feature evaluation and classification of any fish or food product from a single image (colour, size and shape in 2D/3D).
If filleting of fish is done pre-rigor, care should be exercised during colour grading since transient colour changes occur in the post-mortem period. As these changes are more pronounced than those that occur during ice storage, incorrect colour grading can occur. The computer vision method developed for evaluation of colour changes in fillets during rigor, ice storage, and due to effects of perimortem handling stress was considered as the most suitable method for industrial purposes when compared to both the Minolta Chromamater and sensory analysis by a panel.
A computer vision-based method for evaluation of fresh and smoked fillets with respect to bleeding was developed. This form of evaluation is important for the industry as residual blood in fillets may lead to reduced visual acceptance of the product. The method was considered suitable for the purpose of this type of evaluation.
The developed computer vision methods have potential for automation of the mentioned grading operations in the commercial fish processing lines. Application of the proposed solutions would lower the production costs, while simultaneously increasing the quality of the products through a more consistent and non-destructive evaluation of these products.
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Lambropoulou, Kyriaki A. "The effects of varying extrinsic parameters and specific pretreatments in whole fish and prepared fish fillets." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342433.
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Douglas, James D. M. "Occupational asthma in automated salmon processing." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294202.
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The use of automated salmon processing equipment in a factory has been shown to cause occupational asthma in the workforce by the generation of respirable aerosol contaminated with salmon protein. The affected individuals develop asthmatic symptoms and signs three weeks to three months after exposure. The diagnosis is made by clinical history, pulmonary function tests and the detection of specific serological markers. Affected individuals should be removed from exposure to aerosol to prevent the development of chronic asthma. A cross sectional survey demonstrated a prevalence rate of 8% in the exposed workforce. A nested case control study described the attributes of the cases. The chances of becoming a case were greatly increased by being a smoker [OR = 10.9] and less by being atopic [OR = 1.9]. Environmental hygiene measures to reduce aerosol from the gutting machines will reduce the problem but continued health surveillance of an exposed workforce is recommended to detect clinical and serological markers of disease.
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Eliassen, Lars Moland. "Automatic Fish Classification : Using Image Processing and Case-Based Reasoning." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18457.
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Counting and classifying fish moving upstream in rivers to spawn is a useful way of monitoring the population of different species. Today, there exist some commercial solutions, along with some research that addresses the area. Case-based reasoning is a process that can be used to solve new problems based on previous problems. This thesis studies the possibilities of combining image processing techniques and case-based reasoning to classify species of fish which are similar to each other in both shape, size and color. Methods for image preprocessing are discussed, and tested. Methods for feature extraction and a case-based reasoning prototype are proposed, implemented and tested with promising results.
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Bari, Tanmoy. "Planning for establishment of fish factory processing plants in Kisumu, Kenya." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-132165.
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Sharapov, Sergei. "Compact design of fish processing equipment and implementation of lean tools." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140316.
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Following master thesis “Compact design of fish processing equipment and implementation of lean tools” contains description and technical information about newly developed fish processing equipment which includes 122 sub-assemblies and 626 parts. Completely new technical documentation was created and used to manufacture real and functional prototype. Main goal is to design new robust module, create correct and functional technical documentation, implementing new technical solution based on research and analysis of existing theoretical information and operational equipment. Additional goal is to bring fresh ideas, new conventional models on existing fish processing industry market. As well this thesis contains information about path which company SEAC AB chooses to implement lean manufacturing to its production. Following chapter will reveal steps SEAC AB selects to implement lean manufacturing, difficulties company faces and solutions. In the end of this chapter is presented new supply system which should in future simplify ordering and pricing. In the end of this thesis was developed and designed new robust module of fish processing machine. In this machine were implemented technical solutions based on research and analysis of existing theoretical information and comparisons made during development. As well was created and implemented new system of price comparison for parts and units manufactured by the company. Key words: SEAC AB, sea food, sea food equipment, fish morphology, fish processing equipment, robust design, supply chain, lean manufacturing, sustainable production.Detta exjobb med titeln “ Kompakt konstruktion av utrustning för fiskförädling och implementering av lean-verktyg” innehåller beskrivningar och teknisk information om nyligen utvecklade fiskförädlingsutrustningar vilka inkluderar 122 detaljsammansättningar och 626 delar. Helt ny teknisk dokumentation skapades och användes för att tillverka fysiska och väl fungerande prototyper. Målet har varit att konstruera en ny robust modul, skapa korrekt och funktionell teknisk dokumentation, implementera nya tekniska lösningar som är baserade på resultat inhämtade från forskning, existerande teoretisk information och använd arbetsutrustning. Utöver detta är målet att komma fram med färska idéer och presentera nya konventionella modeller på den nuvarande fiskindustrimarknaden. Detta examensarbete innehåller även information om vilket tillvägagångssätt företaget SEAC AB har valt för att implementera lean-tänkandet i sin produktion. I följande kapitel presenteras vilka åtgärder SEAC AB har vidtagit för att implementera lean-tänkandet på företaget, svårigheter man stött på och hur man angripit/löst dessa utmaningar. Ett nytt försörjningssystem visas vilket i framtiden kommer att förenkla orderhantering och prissättning. I slutet av detta examensarbete presenteras en ny robust modul för fiskförädling som har konstruerats och utvecklats. I denna maskin har tekniska lösningar implementerats som baserar sig på studier och analys av existerande teoretisk information samt jämförelser gjorda under utvecklingsarbetet. Ett system för prisjämförelser av delar och enheter tillverkade av företaget har också tagits fram och implementerats. Nyckelord: SEAC AB, skaldjur, skaldjursutrustning, fisk morfologi, fiskbearbetningsutrustning, robust konstruktion, supply chain, lean manufacturing, hållbar produktion.
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Strachan, N. J. C. "Automatic fish species grading using image processing and pattern recognition techniques." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU546342.
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Size and species grading of fish (eg on board a fishing vessel) might in future be done entirely automatically using image analysis and pattern recognition techniques. Three methods of discriminating between pictures of seven different species of fish have been compared: using invariant moments, optimisation of the mismatch, and shape descriptors. A novel method of obtaining the moments of a polygon is described. It was found that the shape descriptors gave the best results with a sorting reliability of 90&'37. Different methods of producing symmetry lines from the shape of fish have been studied in order to describe fish bending and deformations. The simple thinning algorithm was found to work best to provide a reference axis. This axis was then used as a basis for constructing a deformation independent position reference system. Using this reference system position specific colour measurements of fish could be taken. For this to be done the video digitising system was firstly calibrated in the CIELUV colour space using the Macbeth colour chart. Colour and shape measurements were then made on 18 species of demersal and 5 species of pelagic fish. The simple shape measurements of length/width and front area/back area ratios were used to do some introductory separation of the fish. Then the variables produced by the shape descriptors and colour measurements were analysed by discriminant analysis. It was found that all of the demersal fish were sorted correctly (sorting reliability of 100&'37) and all of the pelagic fish were sorted correctly except one (sorting reliability of 98&'37). A prototype machine is now being constructed based on the methods described in this work.
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Hua, Jianping. "Topics in genomic image processing." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3244.
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The image processing methodologies that have been actively studied and developed
now play a very significant role in the flourishing biotechnology research. This work
studies, develops and implements several image processing techniques for M-FISH and
cDNA microarray images. In particular, we focus on three important areas: M-FISH
image compression, microarray image processing and expression-based classification.
Two schemes, embedded M-FISH image coding (EMIC) and Microarray BASICA:
Background Adjustment, Segmentation, Image Compression and Analysis, have been
introduced for M-FISH image compression and microarray image processing, respectively.
In the expression-based classification area, we investigate the relationship
between optimal number of features and sample size, either analytically or through
simulation, for various classifiers.
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Öksüz, Abdullah. "Quality indices of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342432.
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Suparno. "Studies on improved methods for processing salted-boiled fish and changes in nutrients and quality during thermal processing." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382810.
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Lansdowne, Lancya. "Microbial survival after isoelectric solubilization and precipitation of fish protein." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10160.
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Power, Nicole G. "Women, processing industries and the environment, a sociological analysis of women fish and crab processing workers' local ecological knowledge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23168.pdf.
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Zare, Zahra. "High pressure processing of fresh tuna fish and its effects on shelf life." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18212.
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Tuna is highly perishable and has been implicated in histamine poisoning because of high histidine levels in the muscle. There is high demand for fresh tuna fillet and steaks for Japanese type foods, and as a grilled item in restaurants. Demand for fresh, additive-free and safe seafood products has stimulated efforts to discover novel methods to prolong the shelf life of fresh products with minimum loss of quality. High pressure processing was investigated for its effects on quality and useful shelf life of fresh tuna. Fresh tuna was subjected to various pressure treatments (220 MPa, 200 MPa, 150 MPa), holding times (30 min, 15 min) and temperature (below 20oC). The pressure treated and control (untreated) samples were analyzed for initial physicochemical properties and subsequent changes during chilled storage. Color parameters (L*, a* and b* values), texture, drip loss, pH, sensory attributes, endoprotease activity, TBA, TVB and histamine levels were all evaluated. All the pressure-treated samples lost their glossiness, and their redness decreased with pressure and holding time. Pressure treatment increased yellowness of the samples, and the ‘b’ values increased throughout storage. High pressure processing above 150 MPa resulted in firmer muscles with higher springiness. High pressure also resulted in increased drip loss for all pressure treated samples. However during chilled storage increase in drip loss was significantly faster in untreated samples than in pressure treated samples. Proteolytic activity did not change significantly during storage, unlike the TVB levels that increased during storage. Pressure treatments at 220 MPa/30 or 15 min, and 200 MPa/30 min reduced TVB values the most. None of applied pressure conditions induced major changes in initial pH values. Also no consistent pattern was observed for TBA levels, although the levels were low and indicative of high quality products. Histamine formation was inhibited by pressure treatmentLe thon est fortement périssable et a été impliqué dans l’empoisonnement de l’histamine à cause de niveau très élevé d’histidine dans la chair du poisson. Il y a un forte demande pour le filet de thon frais et de steaks de type japonais de même que les grillades. La demande pour les produits frais de mer, sans additifs et sûrs a stimulé le milieu scientifique afin de découvrir de nouvelles méthodes pour prolonger la durée de vie des produits frais avec la perte minimale de qualité. Le traitement à haute pression a été évalué pour ses effets sur la qualité et la durée de vie du thon frais. Le thon frais a été soumis aux divers traitements de pression (220 MPa, 200 MPa, 150 MPa), avec les temps de rétention de 30 minutes et 15 minutes, et une température sous 20ºC. Les échantillons pressurisés et non pressurisés ont été analysés pour leurs propriétés physicochimiques initiales ainsi que les changements associés au stockage. Les paramètres de couleur (CIE L*, a* et b*), la texture, l’exsudat, pH, les attributs sensoriels, l'activité endo-protéase, TBA, TVB et le niveau d’histamine ont été évalués. Tous les échantillons pressurisés ont perdu leur lustre, et leur rougeur a diminué avec la pression et le temps de rétention. La pressurisation a augmenté le jaune des échantillons et les valeurs de ‘b’ ont augmentés au cours du stockage. Le traitement à haute pression au-dessus de 150 MPa a augmenté la fermeté des muscles ainsi qu’une élasticité plus élevée. Par le fait même, le traitement à haute pression a causé l'augmentation de l’exsudat de tous les échantillons pressurisés. Cependant, l’exsudat était significativement plus rapide sur les échantillons non traités que sur les échantillons pressurisés. L'activité protéolytique n'a pas changé significativement durant le stockage, à la différence des niveaux de TVB qui ont augmenté durant le stockage. La pressurisation à 220 MPa/
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Knott, Christine. "Health, occupation and community: social-ecological restructuring and Prince Rupert fish processing workers/." Internet access available to MUN users only. Search for this title in:, 2009.
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Jesus, Bacelo Machado Sousa Joao Antonio. "Sensory processing in the Electrosensory Lobe of the weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066341.
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Esser, John R. "Assessment and reduction of insect infestation of cured fish in South East Asia, with laboratory studies on Chrysomya megacephala (Fab.), a principal causative agent." Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6592/.
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A survey of cured fish establishments in 5 countries of South East Asia, revealed that cured fish is a nutritionally and economically important commodity in the region and that insect infestation, in particular blowfly infestation during processing and dermestid beetle infestation during storage, are major causes of losses in cured fish. Many processors have responded by illegally applying household and agricultural insecticides to their fish. Field investigations in Indonesia and Thailand, identified Chrysomya megacephala (Fab.) as the most widespread cause of infestation during processing. Lucilia caprina (Wied.) was also a common cause of infestation. Dermestes maculatus (Degeer), D. carnivorus (Fab.), D. ater (Degeer) and Piophila casei (L.), were the most common causes of infestation during storage. These species were able to tolerate the relatively high salt concentrations of the processed fish. Field infestation reduction trials, demonstrated that salting the fish for an extended period failed to provide protection against insect infestation. Guarding the salting tank with a closely fitting lid, prevented blowfly infestation during salting. Flyscreens were found to reduce blowfly infestation during drying, but the design used, presented practical difficulties and was not acceptable to the processor. The pyrethroid insecticide Fastac (alphacypermethrin), prevented blowfly infestation during processing at concentrations as low as 0.00.3% and had a marked repellent effect against blowflies at a concentration of 0.001%. Fastac, applied at a concentration of 0.006%, protected fish against dermestid beetle infestation and damage. Fastac residues in fish treated with a 0.006% dip decreased to less than 2 rag/kg after drying and 1 week's storage. The pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin, prevented insect infestation during processing and storage, when applied as a 0.003% dip before drying. The FAO/WHO approved insecticide piriraiphos-methyl, reduced blowfly infestation and prevented damage during processing and reduced dermestid beetle infestation during storage, when applied as a 0.03% dip before drying. This treatment resulted in residues, after processing, that were within the FAO/WHO maximum residue limit of 10 mg/kg.Spray applications of pirimiphos-methyl, at dosages of 5-20 mg/kg and deltaraethrin, at dosages of 1-3 mg/kg, were effective in reducing dermestid beetle infestation of smoked fish during storage. Laboratory investigations demonstrated that C. megacephala produced similar numbers of male and female offspring and that there was no difference between the mortalities of the 2 sexes. Female flies greatly outnumbered male flies at the processing site. Mean lifespans of C. megacephala cage populations ranged from 47-54 days and the maximum survival time ranged from 80-98 days. C. megacephala eggs matured within 3 weeks of adult emergence and the mean egg count for the adult female flies was 221.The presence of C. megacephala eggs on fish, stimulated oviposition by C. megacephala and freshly laid eggs were found to have a higher stimulatory effect than eggs which had been previously boiled. Fish being salted exerted a marked, differential attractive effect on gravid, female flies. When presented with fish of a range of salt concentrations, C. megacephala preferentially oviposited on the fish with the lowest salt concentration. In the absence of choice, C. megacephala readily oviposited on fish with relatively high salt contents of 30-40% (dwb). A feeding medium salt content of 33.8% was necessary to significantly reduce larval growth rate and salt contents in excess of 39.5% were necessary to obtain high larval mortalities. Salt contents of up to 39.5% had no effect on pupal mortality.
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Goosen, Neill Jurgens. "Investigation of potential bio-active properties and effects on production performance of aquafeed ingredients derived from fish processing waste by way of enzymatic autolysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95907.
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Thesis (PhD) -- tellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is part of the continuing global research effort dedicated to finding alternative aquafeed ingredients, which not only replace fish meal and fish oil as sources of essential nutrients in aquafeeds, but also provide specialist functional properties when included in feeds. Due to constraints in supply of fish meal and fish oil originating from wild capture fisheries, the continually growing aquafeed industry requires new sources of raw materials for the production of high quality feeds. The aim of the study was to investigate the specialist functional properties of feed ingredients (with emphasis on immune-stimulation potential) derived from fish processing waste after enzymatic hydrolysis by endogenous proteolytic enzymes (autolysis). Further aims were to (i) quantify effects of these feed ingredients on production performance of two species relevant to the South African aquaculture industry, namely Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus and South African abalone Haliotis midae, (ii) compare performance to commercially available enzymatically produced feed ingredients, and (iii) separate the functional effects of these fish processing waste derived feed ingredients from the acid used to preserve them against bacterial spoilage during the autolysis process. Oil recovered after autolysis of rainbow trout viscera proved to be an attractive feed ingredient due to favourable effects on the non-specific cellular immune function of both Mozambique tilapia and South African abalone. However, in South African abalone, increased immune function due to inclusion of fish oil was accompanied by a significant decrease in production performance. The inclusion of hydrolysed proteins, obtained by autolysis of fish waste, in aquaculture feeds also improved non-specific immunity and survival of Mozambique tilapia significantly – independently of the preserving acid – although the same was not observed for South African abalone. Production performance was dependent on dietary hydrolysed protein inclusion levels in both species; excessive inclusion resulted in decreased production performance. The performance of dietary hydrolysed protein from autolysis and those from commercial production processes were significantly different, possibly as a result of different raw material origins and production processes. It is further shown that formic acid can contribute to improved water stability in abalone feeds, a novel mode of action not previously described. The study concludes that the simple autolysis process for processing of fish waste can provide aquafeed ingredients with immune stimulatory potential, which can contribute to improved production performance in the Mozambique tilapia and the South African abalone. The result can contribute to improved sustainability of the aquafeed industry, through substitution of fish meal and fish oil derived from capture fisheries with processed fish waste components.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie vorm deel van die voortdurende en wêreldwye soeke na nuwe akwakultuur voerbestanddele wat nie net vismeel en –olie kan vervang as bron van noodsaaklike voedingstowwe nie, maar wat ook gespesialiseerde funksionele eienskappe openbaar wanneer dit in akwavoere ingesluit word. As gevolg van beperkings in die voorsiening van vismeel en –olie afkomstig vanaf wilde visserye, word die voortdurend groeiende akwavoer bedryf genoodsaak om nuwe grondstowwe te benut vir die vervaardiging van hoë kwaliteit voere. Die doelwit van die studie was om moontlike gespesialiseerde funksionele eienskappe (met spesifieke klem op potensiële immuun-stimulasie) van voerbestanddele te ondersoek wat herwin is vanaf reënboogforel proseseringsafval, na ensiematiese hidrolise d.m.v. endogene ensieme teenwoordig in die afval (outolise). Verdere doelwitte was om (i) effekte op produksie prestasie van hierdie bestanddele te kwantifiseer in twee akwakultuur spesies relevant tot die Suid- Afrikaanse bedryf (naamlik die Mosambiekse kurper Oreochromis mossambicus en die Suid- Afrikaanse perlemoen Haliotis midae), (ii) om produksie prestasie te vergelyk met kommersieel beskikbare voerbestanddele voorberei d.m.v. ensiemtegnologie, en (iii) om die moontlike effekte van die voerbestanddele te skei van die van die sure gebruik om die bestanddele te preserveer tydens die outolitiese proses. Daar is bevind dat olie herwin na outolise van reënboogforel ingewande ‘n goeie voerbestanddeel is wat gunstige effekte op die nie-spesifieke, sellulêre immuniteit van beide Mosambiekse kurper en Suid-Afrikaanse perlemoen gehad het. In die Suid-Afrikaanse perlemoen het verbeterde immuunfunksie gepaard gegaan met ‘n verswakking in produksie prestasie. Die gehidroliseerde proteïen komponent van ge-outoliseerde prosesseringsafval het ook beduidende verbetering in nie spesifieke immuniteit en oorlewing van Mosambiekse kurper tot gevolg gehad - onafhanklik van die preserverende suur - maar dieselfde is nie in die Suid-Afrikaanse perlemoen waargeneem nie. Produksie prestasie was afhanklik van die insluitingsvlakke van gehidroliseerde proteïen in beide spesies en dit is bevind dat oormatige insluiting produksie nadelig beïnvloed. Prestasie van proteïen afkomstig van outolise en die van ‘n kommersiële produksieproses het beduidend verskil, moontlik as gevolg van verskillende grondstowwe en prosesseringstegnieke. Daar is verder vir die eerste keer getoon dat mieresuur ‘n beduidende verbetering in waterstabiliteit in sekere perlemoenvoere teweeg kan bring. Die studie kom tot die slotsom dat die eenvoudige outolise proses funksionele akwavoerbestanddele kan produseer wat kan bydra tot ‘n verbetering in produksie prestasie in die Mosambiekse kurper en Suid-Afrikaanse perlemoen. Die resultaat kan bydra tot verbeterde volhoubaarheid van die akwavoer bedryf, deur vismeel en –olie afkomstig van wilde visserye, te vervang.
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Sinaga, Hotnida. "Pigmentation of commercial cold-smoked Atlantic salmon during processing and retail display /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18387.pdf.
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Agmon, Eran. "A Computational Model of Adaptive Sensory Processing in the Electroreception of Mormyrid Electric Fish." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/291.
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Electroreception is a sensory modality found in some fish, which enables them to sense the environment through the detection of electric fields. Biological experimentation on this ability has built an intricate framework that has identified many of the components involved in electroreception's production, but lack the framework for bringing the details back together into a system-level model of how they operate together. This thesis builds and tests a computational model of the Electrosensory Lateral Line Lobe (ELL) in mormyrid electric fish in an attempt to bring some of electroreception's structural details together to help explain its function. The ELL is a brain region that functions as a primary processing area of electroreception. It acts as an adaptive filter that learns to predict reoccurring stimuli and removes them from its sensory stream, passing only novel inputs to other brain regions for further processing. By creating a model of the ELL, the relevant components which underlie the ELL's functional, electrophysiological patterns can be identified and scientific hypotheses regarding their behavior can be tested. Systems science's approach is adopted to identify the ELL's relevant components and bring them together into a unified conceptual framework. The methodological framework of computational neuroscience is used to create a computational model of this structure of relevant components and to simulate their interactions. Individual activation tendencies of the different included cell types are modeled with dynamical systems equations and are interconnected according to the connectivity of the real ELL. Several of the ELL's input patterns are modeled and incorporated in the model. The computational approach claims that if all of the relevant components of a system are captured and interconnected accurately in a computer program, then when provided with accurate representations of the inputs a simulation should produce functional patterns similar to those of the real system. These simulated patterns generated by the ELL model are compared to recordings from real mormyrid ELLs and their correspondences validate or nullify the model's integrity. By building a computation model that can capture the relevant components of the ELL's structure and through simulation reproduces its function, a systems-level understanding begins to emerge and leads to a description of how the ELL's structure, along with relevant inputs, generate its function. The model can be manipulated more easily than a biological ELL, and allows us to test hypotheses regarding how changes in the structures affect the function, and how different inputs propagate through the structure in a way that produces complex functional patterns.
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Varvarigos, Panagiotis. "Microcomputer based fish farm production planning : the development of a microcomputerised data recording and production decision support system for individual fish farmers and its implementation on a fresh water trout hatchery." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24822.
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In order to develop a system that could provide fish farmers with information to monitor stock performance and plan for a timely production, a computerised recording system was designed and tested on a trout hatchery in Scotland. It facilitated routine data capture on site with a small hand-held computer, programmed in BASIC language, which subsequently downloaded the data to a central desk-top microcomputer for further processing. Both direct and long-distance transmission via the telephone network using modems were possible. The LOTUS 1-2-3 general purpose software package, running on the microcomputer, was customised using 'macro' commands to accept the transmitted data and create files for storage on 'floppy' or 'hard' magnetic disks. Further information could be calculated and graphs and summary reports for stock control could be generated at will. Other customised LOTUS worksheets were developed to allow identification and access of specific historical data in order to calibrate regression equations and provide growth predictions for particular fish types. This information combined with cost and pricing details was further utilised by a linear programming package. Guidelines on optimum policies were formulated and sensitivity analyses could be performed. This production information system was implemented on the IBM-PC and the OLIVETTI M24 desk-top microcomputers and as field devices the SHARP PC 1500A and the HUSKY HUNTER were used. Since existing technology and 'off-the-shelf' software were utilised, the developed information system can be easily adjusted to suit the individual needs of different fish farms. However, the most important requirement for successful implementation would be the commitment and enthusiasm of the fish farm manager.
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Larson, Erik. "Serotonin modulates electrosensory processing via 5-HT2 receptors in the weakly electric fish «Apteronotus leptorhynchus»." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123302.
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Accurate sensory processing of the environment is a critical function for any organism to survive. In order to accomplish this function neurons must be specifically tuned to respond optimally to relevant stimuli in their environment. One effective way of efficiently encoding information is for neurons to adapt their responses to stimuli arising from different behavioral contexts. Neuromodulators such as serotonin (5-HT) are thought to help mediate such adaptations. The 5-HT system has been well conserved through evolution across vertebrates, suggesting that its function also been conserved. In the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, 5-HT has been previously shown to increase sensory pyramidal neurons responses located within the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) to stimuli caused by same-sex conspecifics by making them more excitable in vivo. Remarkably, application of 5-HT in vitro has been shown to also render these neurons more excitable through downregulation of both small-conductance calcium-activated (SK) and M-type potassium channels. However, the nature of the 5-HT receptors present in pyramidal neurons is unknown. By using occlusion experiments while recording from pyramidal neurons in vitro, we show that the selective 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin, was able to occlude the effects of 5-HT on pyramidal cells as quantified by changes in firing rate, burst fraction, afterhyperpolarization, and mutual information. Our results show that downregulation of both M and SK currents is most likely achieved through the same receptor family and pave the way for future molecular studies performing in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry to confirm that 5-HT2 receptors are indeed present in the ELL and solely mediate the effects of 5-HT observed both in vitro and in vivo.Traitement sensoriel précis de l'environnement est une fonction essentielle pour tout organisme de survivre. Afin d'accomplir ces neurones doivent être spécialement réglés pour répondre au mieux aux stimuli pertinents dans leur environnement. Un moyen efficace de coder efficacement l'information est pour les neurones à adapter leurs réponses à des stimuli provenant de différents contextes de comportement. Neuromodulateurs comme la sérotonine (5-HT) sont pensés pour aider à la médiation de ces adaptations. Le système 5 -HT a été bien conservé à travers l'évolution des vertébrés, ce qui suggère que sa fonction a également été conservée. En Apteronotus leptorhynchus, un des poissons électriques du genre gymnotiformes, 5-HT a déjà été démontré pour augmenter sensorielles pyramidales neurones réponses situées dans le lobe de la ligne-latérale électrosensoriel (LLE) aux stimuli provoqués par des congénères de même sexe en les rendant plus excitable in vivo. Remarquablement, l'application de la 5-HT in vitro a été démontré également de rendre ces neurones plus excitables à travers à la fois la régulation négative de courants potassiques sensibles au calcium (SK) et les courants potassique de type M. Cependant, la nature des récepteurs 5-HT présents dans les neurones pyramidaux est inconnue. En utilisant les expérimentés d'occlusion lors de l'enregistrement de neurones pyramidaux in vitro, nous montrons que l'antagoniste sélectif 5-HT2, ketanserin, a peut bloquer les effets de la 5-HT sur les cellules pyramidales quantifiées par des changements dans le taux de le potentiel d'action, fraction de le potentiel d'action dans une «bouffée», après-hyperpolarisation, et l'information mutuelle. Nos résultats montrent que la régulation négative des courants à la fois M et SK est probablement atteint par la même famille récepteur et ouvrir la voie à des études moléculaires futures comme l'hybridisation in situ ou l'immunohistochimie pour confirmer que les récepteurs 5-HT2 sont bien présents dans le LLE et permettent les effets de la 5-HT a observé à la fois in vitro et in vivo.
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Nusnbaum, Matthew. "Chemical Defenses of Aplysia Californica and Sensory Processing by Predatory Fishes." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/neurosci_diss/2.
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In predator-prey interactions, prey species have complex defensive behaviors to protect themselves from predators. Chemical defenses are one tool that is employed to protect against predators, especially for slow-moving or otherwise susceptible prey. Many of these chemical defenses have been studied and the effective compounds identified, but few studies were performed on their mechanisms of detection.
In my research, I used the sea hare, Aplysia californica, as chemically defended prey. This slow moving mollusk is soft-bodied with no external shell, but it has adapted a number of defenses including chemical defenses. Ink is a sticky mixture of the products of the ink gland and the opaline gland which are mixed in the mantle cavity and released toward an attacker. I show that this ink secretion protects the sea hare from predation by a fish predator.
Because many deterrent compounds taste bitter, bitter taste receptors are thought to protect predators from ingesting harmful compounds in prey. Studies of deterrent taste detection have commonly utilized bitter compounds from human hedonics to study the responses in animals, such as fruit flies, fishes, rats, and monkeys. In my dissertation, I argue that the study of chemical defenses allows us to ask more questions about detection of relevant deterrents and interactions between predators and prey at the individual and population levels. My results show that diet-derived pigments in Aplysia ink, aplysioviolin and phycoerythrobilin, are strongly deterrent to fish predators. Electrophysiological analyses of the gustatory system show that these compounds are equipotent and cross-adapt each others’ responses completely. Aplysioviolin and phycoerythrobilin produced incomplete reciprocal cross-adaptation with amino acids and adapted bile salt responses but were not significantly adapted by these latter stimuli. These results showed multiple pathways that are sensitive to aplysioviolin and phycoerythrobilin, which may have different effects on the physiology and behavior of the predatory fish. My findings demonstrate the value to the fields of chemical ecology and chemosensory biology of studying sensory processing of relevant deterrent compounds. This work lays the foundation for how a diet-derived photopigment is adapted by a species to protect itself from predators by stimulating their chemosensory systems.
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Aursand, Ida Grong. "Low-field NMR and MRI studies of fish muscle : Effects of raw material quality and processing." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bioteknologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5706.
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The present thesis aims at using non-invasive and non-destructive NMR techniques to contribute to a further understanding of fish tissue composition and its characteristics. Moreover, it aims at investigating the water dynamics and the distribution of fat and salt in fish as affected by species, raw material quality and processing from both the chemical and the physical angle at the same time. The applicability of low-field NMR as a tool for the fish processing industry was investigated. The bench top low-field NMR instrument was found suitable for fat and water determination in small Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) samples, whereas the portable low-field NMR surface scanner (ProFiler) was appropriate for rapid fat determination in minced muscle. Thus, low-field NMR was proven to be good measuring technique, and with the introduction of the NMR surface scanner concept, online quality control may become feasible in the future. Transversal (T2) NMR relaxometry has been demonstrated to contain valuable information about water dynamics in Atlantic salmon and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) tissue. The thesis contributes to a further understanding of the relationship between water distribution and microstructure of fish flesh. It has been established that the method is sensitive to fish species, ante-mortem handling, rigor status, freezing/thawing, heating, and brine salting. The tissue T2 relaxation characteristics have been linked to microstructure, salt distribution and salt uptake. It is shown that T2 relaxation components correlate well with water holding capacity during salting. It has been suggested that entrapped and free water, and fat when present, give rise to the main relaxation components in fish muscle tissue. The understanding of the tissue water distribution and dynamics has been improved. However, the clarification of the relaxation characteristics in fish flesh is still an active area of research. In fatty fish, both fat and water contributes to the T2 NMR relaxation signal. A two dimensional map of the diffusion versus T2 relaxation proved to be a good technique to increase the understanding of water and fat distribution in salmon muscle tissue, by clear separation of the NMR signals from water and fat components into different populations. MR imaging was probed for investigation of fat and salt distribution. 1H MRI was successfully applied to produce separate quantitative water and fat images. Combined 1H and 23Na imaging of brine salted Atlantic salmon revealed that the uptake and distribution of salt in the tissue was highly dependent on the spatial fat distribution. An evident relation was observed between T2 relaxation characteristics of salmon flesh and the sodium distribution in salted fillets. T2 relaxaometry and MR imaging gave further insight into the microstructure and water distribution of fish tissue of different quality and its effect on salt distribution. The combination of these NMR techniques is considered to be a useful tool to increase the understanding of the tissue water distribution and dynamics and for optimization of salting processes.
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Kyei, Mary Abena. "Digestive proteases from the stomachless cunner fish (Tautogolabrus adspersus) : preparation and use as food processing aid." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0015/MQ37309.pdf.
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Salinas, Ferreira Adi D. "Immigrant Labor in Fish Processing in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia and Current Undocumented Labor." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/130.
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The beginning of industrialized fish processing plants reveals themes of labor exploitation, racial and gender segregation, and antagonistic legislation that have continued well into the present. Today in the Pacific North West, the majority of workers are Latino and many among them are undocumented or DACAmented. Many aspects of the work conditions in salmon canneries back in the late 1800’s to the mid 1900’s and the work conditions in present day fish processing plants have not changed. Many jobs in a fish processing plant remain gendered, and when there is more than one race working in a single plant racial tensions as well as differences in the owners expectations of labor output by race may arise. The study interviews undocumented workers and documents their experience working in fish processing plants as well as provides historical context.
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Abbey, Lawrence D. "Improving the utilisation and quality of low value fish (Brachydeuterus auritus and Dactylopterus volitans) by processing." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843432/.
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Two pelagic underutilised fish species in Ghana, the Burrito (Brachydeuterus auritus) and the flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans) were selected for study. Proximate composition analysis indicated high protein content (18-22%), an excellent amino acid profile with high levels of lysine (7-8%) as well as poly unsaturated fatty acids predominantly 20:5co3 and 22:6co3 (omega 3 fatty acids), which constituted between 44 and 51% of the total fatty acids. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the myofibrillar extracts showed that both fish species may be distinguished from each other by protein bands with molecular weights estimated to be 18,400 and 14,300 daltons. Rheological methods, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), phase contrast microscopy and FT-Raman spectroscopy indicated a positive synergistic interaction between flying gurnard proteins and cowpea flour resulting in greater than expected elastic modulus values. The networks were compatible and stabilized by hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds as well as disulfide bonds. Optimum gels were formed with flying gurnard fish and cowpea flour mixed in the ratio of 5:5 (w/w) and Burrito fish mince to cowpea flour ratio (2:8 w/w). Interactions of the fish minces with cassava starch resulted in phase separation and weak non-covalent interactions. Infant weaning food formulations including flying gurnard mince and other food ingredients showed good nutritional and low viscous properties which compared favourably with commercial infant foods. The shelf life of the products was enhanced with the exclusion of oxygen in vacuum-packed foil packaging. High bloom (275 g) gelatin was produced from flying gurnard fish skin and compared favourably with gelatins from other sources. Using a low cost single screw food extruder built for developing countries, fish based extruded snack pellets incorporating minced burrito: cassava starch, were successfully developed at a barrel temperature of 120 °C. Extruded snack products stored in aluminium foil pouches were better protected in terms of chemical changes in free fatty acids and TBARS formation, than those packaged in polyethylene pouches. This development of fish-based extruded products will lead to new products of high nutritional quality and acceptability as shown by chemical and sensory evaluation results.
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Lubbe, Beatrix. "Characterisation and utilisation of microbes in the production of fish sauce and paste." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51649.
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Thesis (MSc Food Sc )--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fermented fish products are popular food products mainly consumed and produced in Southeast Asia. These products are not produced in South Africa, and those available to the public are imported. The main action during the production and fermentation of this sort of product, is that of proteolysis, either by the bacteria or enzymes naturally present in the fish. The prevalent microbes present in six fermented fish samples from Bangkok (Thailand) and seven from Khon Kaen (Thailand), were determined, and using numerical methods, clustered into similarity groups using the calculated dendrogram .distance (Do) technique to determine their relation to reference strains. Forty-seven different bacterial strains were isolated, but no yeasts, moulds or lactic acid bacteria were found. Five Gram-negative, oxidase-positive species, five different Staphylococcus species and nine different endospore-forming species of the genus Bacillus, were isolated and identified using the API systems. The data indicated that members of the genus Bacillus were the prevalent organisms in all the products examined. The isolates were also scanned for general enzyme activity using the API Zym technology, and the production of proteases was investigated using the Standard Methods Caseinate and the Universal Protease Substrate methods. It was found that most of the isolated organisms produced protease, which is of major importance in the production of fermented fish products. Proteolytic cultures from the fermented fish products, as well as lactic acid starters, were used in the production of a fermented fresh water fish product. Production parameters including: glucose, inoculum, moisture content and incubation time, were evaluated in order to select optimum fermentation conditions. Fermentation efficiency was determined by measuring the final pH, titratable acid and the free amino nitrogen content. Optimum efficiency was obtained with 5% (w/w) added glucose at a moisture level of 150 ml water per 100 g fish. A factorial design (3 x 3 x 3) was used to indicate viable trends to facilitate optimisation of the fermentation process. The main effects, two-factor and three-factor interactions were calculated. Optimum trends obtained were a glucose concentration of 5% (wlw) , inoculum concentration of 1x10⁸ kve.ml ̄ ¹, an incubation period of 15 days and temperature of 30°C. Three lactic acid starters (226 - Lactobacillus plantarum, 140 - Lactococcus diacetylactis and 407 - Pediococcus cerevisiae) were selected as they produced some of the best fermentation results and are safe to use in food. It was found that a combination of all three strains (226, 140 and 407) yielded the best results. By using the above parameters, an acceptable product was produced in terms of consistency, colour and aroma. Further studies need to be conducted to optimise the safety of the product as well as the flavour, both chemically and sensorically optimisation of the product.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gefermenteerde visprodukte is populere voedselprodukte in die lande van Suidoos-Asie. Die produkte word nie in Suid-Afrika geproduseer nie, maar slegs ingevoer. Die hoof aksie tydens die fermentasie proses is proteolise deur die bakteriee en ensieme wat natuurlik teenwoordig is in vis. Die oorheersende mikrobes teenwoordig in ses gefermenteerde vis produkte van Bangkok (Thailand) en sewe van Khon Kaen (Thailand), is bepaal. Numeriese metodes is gevolg om die isolate in groepe te sorteer en te groepeer deur gebruik te maak van die berekende dendrogram afstand (Do) tegniek om hul verwantskap ten opsigte van die verwysingsorganisme te bepaal. Sewe-en-veertig verskillende bakteriee is ge·isoleer, maar geen fungi of melksuurbakteriee is ge·identifiseer nie. Vyf Gram-negatiewe, oksidase-positiewe spesies, vyf verskillende Staphylococcus spesies en nege verskillende endospoorvormende spesies van die genus Bacillus, is geisoleer en ge·identifiseer deur gebruik te maak van die API CHB sisteme. Die data het getoon dat lede van die genus Bacillus die oorheersende organismes was. Die isolate is daarna ondersoek vir algehele ensiemaktiwiteit deur van die API Zym tegnologie gebruik te maak. Daar is veral klem gelê op die protease aktiwiteit en dit is gemeet deur van die "Standard Methods Caseinate Agar" metode asook die "Universal Protease Substrate" metodes gebruik te maak. Daar is gevind dat die oorgrote meerderheid organismes proteolitiese ensieme produseer wat belangrik is in die produksie van gefermenteerde visprodukte. Kulture wat ge·isoleer is uit gefermenteerde visprodukte asook melkssuurkulture is gebruik vir die produksie van 'n gefermenteerde varswater visproduk. Produksieparameters insluitende: glukose-, inokulum- en voginhoud asook inkubasie tyd is ondersoek om die optimum fermentasie kondisies te bepaal. Optimum effektiwiteit is gevind by 'n 5% glukose konsentrasie en vogvlakke van 150 ml water per 100 9 vis. 'n Faktoriale ontwerp (3 x 3 x 3) is gebruik om die optimum kondisies te bepaal. Die hoof effekte asook die twee faktor en drie faktor interaksies is bereken. Optimum neigings is gevind by 'n glukose konsentrasie van 5%, inokulum konsentrasie van 1x10⁸ kve.ml ̄ ¹, 'n inkubasie tydperk van 15 dae en temperatuur van 30°C. Drie melksuurbakteriee (226 - Lactobacillus plantarum, 140 - Lactococcus diacetylactis en 407 - Pediococcus cerevisiae) is gekies aangesien hulle die beste resultate gelewer het en veilig vir gebruik in voedselprodukte is. Daar is gevind dat die drie melksuurkulture saam in kombinasie die beste fermentasie resultate opgelewer het. Deur gebruik te maak van die bogenoemde fermentasie kondisies, kon 'n aanvaarbare produk, in terme van kleur en geur, gelewer word. Verdere studies moet gedoen word om die veiligheid asook die geur, chemies asook sensories, te optimiseer.
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Lipschitz, Steven. "Pollution control investment decisions and policy preferences of senior managers of the Southern African fish processing industry." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17268.
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Bibliography: pages 134-147.Pollution control regulations directed at the land-based factories of the Southern African fish processing industry do not appear to promote the required level of investment in pollution control systems. Two self-administered mail-questionnaires comprising undisguised fixed-alternative and open-ended questions were constructed to survey the opinions and viewpoints of a census consisting of twenty-seven senior managers responsible for making pollution control investments in the demersal and pelagic sectors of the fish processing industry. The first questionnaire was directed at establishing the relative importance of factors that influence waste and pollution control investment decisions as well as the perceptions and preferences of managers with regard to various pollution control policy options. Descriptive statistics such as the modal class were used to summarize the distribution of opinions and viewpoints within the research population. Rank ordered preference data was analyzed using a multidimensional unfolding computer algorithm. This structural multivariate statistical method is a special case of non-metric multidimensional scaling that generates perceptual maps which can aid in the discovery of the hidden structure underlying multidimensional decisions. Investments in waste and pollution control do not appear to have a high priority when compared to other strategic investments that the fish processing industry managers may make. The relative importance of factors that could influence the managers of the industry to invest in waste control equipment appear to be determined by the perceived financial returns that can be expected from such investments. Findings suggest that pollution control legislation is rendered ineffective due to inadequate enforcement. However, it appears that existing legislation needs to be rationalized in order to facilitate compliance. The most favoured pollution control instruments were those that lowered the cost of legally mandated expenses such as subsidies and income tax allowances. These were followed by permit systems which specified the allowable characteristics of discharges while allowing individual companies freedom of choice as to the method of achieving compliance. The second questionnaire was used to verify the researcher's interpretation of the findings and preliminary conclusions drawn from the replies to the first questionnaire.
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Hammond, Melissa D. "The Use of Chitosan to Preserve and Extend Atlantic Salmon Quality." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HammondMD2004.pdf.
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Owusu-Manu, Michael. "Economic feasibility of minimally processed pork and fish in Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ29760.pdf.
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Bueno, Raimundo João [UNESP]. "Silagem ácida de resíduos da filetagem de tilápias em dietas de alevinos de piauçu Leporinus macrocephalus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86725.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da silagem ácida de resíduos da filetagem de tilápias em dietas do piauçu Leporinus macrocephalus. Foram utilizados 300 alevinos de piauçu com três faixas de pesos (2,0-2,5g; 2,51- 3,0g; 3,01-3,5g), distribuídos em 30 aquários de 100 litros de volume útil. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com duas repetições por bloco. Os peixes foram alimentados até a saciedade sem que houvesse sobras, duas vezes ao dia com dietas isoproteicas (32% PB) e isoenergéticas (4150kcal/kg EB). Foram empregados cinco tratamentos sendo: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% e 8% de inclusão de silagem ácida de resíduos de filetagem de tilápias nas dietas. Durante todo o experimento a qualidade da água foi mantida em condições ideais para um bom desenvolvimento da espécie. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho, composição corporal, eficiência de utilização de nutrientes, índice hepato-somático e índice gordura-víscero-somático. Após 84 dias, os resultados mostraram que não ocorreram diferenças significativas sobre nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados (P>0,05), indicando que a inclusão de até 8% de silagem ácida de resíduos de filetagem de tilápias na dieta de alevinos de piauçu não causou prejuízo no crescimento, saúde e qualidade da carcaça.
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of acid ensilage of tilapia filleting residues on diets for piauçu Leporinus macrocephalus. It was used 300 piauçu fry with three weight ranges (2.0-2.5g; 2.51-3.0g; 3.01-3.5g), distributed in 30 aquaria with 100 liters of useful volume. The design used was randomized blocks with two replicates each block. Fish were fed until satiation with no leftovers, twice a day with isoproteic (32% CP) and isoenergetic (4150kcal/kg GE) diets. Five treatments were applied: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of tilapia filleting residues acid ensilage inclusion on the diets. During all the experiment, water quality was maintained under ideal conditions for the species good development. Parameters of performance, body composition, nutrient utilization efficiency, hepato-somatic index and mesenteric fat index were evaluated. After 84 days, results have shown no significant differences for any of the tested treatments (P>0.05), indicating that the inclusion of up to 8% of tilapia filleting residues acid ensilage on diets for piauçu fry has caused no damage on growth, health or carcass quality.
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Alfonso, Priscilla Delano. "Women and work in Chile : a case study of the fish-processing industry on the Island of Chiloé." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273125.
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Khem, Sarim. "Development of model fermented fish sausage from New Zealand marine species." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/807.
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Three New Zealand marine species, hoki (Macruronus novaezealandiae), kahawai (Arripis trutta) and trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex) were used to develop model fermented fish sausage. The formulation comprised fish mince, carbohydrate, minced garlic and salt in a mass ratio of 1 (fish): 0.15: 0.05: 0.03, respectively. The carbohydrate source was cooked rice or glucose. (Endogenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) failed to ferment rice). Folate was also added to the mixture as a factor. The mixtures were extruded into 50 mL plastic syringes, where the needle end of the barrel had been excised by lathe. The lubricated barrel was overfilled to 60 mL, capped with a layer of ParafilmTM and aluminium foil, sealed tightly by rubber band and incubated at 30°C. Over time the piston was progressively advanced to yield samples for microbiological, physical, and chemical analysis. Over 96 hours an increase in the LAB count was observed with a concomitant decrease in pH. After fermentation was complete, the samples contained around 8.77 log cfu LAB g-1 with the pH range from 4.38 to 5.08. The microbiological and pH behaviour of each species varied between preparations. Hardness, adhesiveness, springiness and cohesiveness of the treatments increased with fermentation, except for hoki. The treatments showed different colour characteristics with fermentation. The light reflectance (L* values) of the trevally and kahawai treatments increased, while the a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values decreased. Hoki exhibited smaller colour changes except for yellowness, which increased markedly. Proteolysis, measured colorimetrically by soluble peptide bonds, was greatest for trevally. Lipid oxidation, measured by the thiobarbituric acid method, was least for hoki, notably the species with the lowest fat content. Biogenic amines, which are a general quality indicator of fermented products, increased during fermentation. The trevally treatment generated the highest concentration of amines, but these values were lower than those reported for fermented fish sausage in Southeast Asia. Notably there were no important difference between folate treatments and those without folate. The results point to commercial opportunities and further research with New Zealand marine species, especially trevally. To improve the product quality and to show geographical exclusivity, further research could be done by using starter culture, and a New Zealand staple carbohydrate source such as kumara and potato, and spices and herbs which are commonly used in New Zealand, such as rosemary, thyme and sage or specific to New Zealand, such as horopito. In addition, sensory studies should also be performed before the products could be tested in the market.
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George, Dashwill Anton. "Validation and application of the ELISA technique for the detection of fish aero-antigens." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1484.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Peninsula Technikon, 2003Increased seafood consumption due to its nutrition and promotion of a healthy diet has lead to more frequent reports of allergic reactions. In the seafood industry, workers are exposed to the antigens through inhalation of the vapours created during the seafood processing and cooking. Most seafood allergens are stable molecules, which are resistant to the effect of cooking and processing. The prevalence of occupational asthma varies from 7-36% among different groups of workers including seafood processing and fishmeal workers, fishermen and restaurant cooks (Jeebhay et al 2001). Purpose of Study: The purpose of the study is to determine total protein and the specific fish antigen concentrations in the environment by means of personal air sampling filters obtained from various categories of workers in the seafood processing industry. Objectives: • To determine the correlation between total protein concentrations and specific fish (pilchard and anchovy) antigen concentrations on personal air sampling filters using the linear response model of the standard curve. • To determine the correlation between total protein concentrations and specific fish (pilchard and anchovy) antigen concentrations on personal air sampling filters using the sigmoidal response model with a variable slope of the standard curve. • To identify the most efficient standard curve response model for fish antigen detection by comparing the percentage recovery of the linear standard curve response model and the sigmoidal standard curve response model. Methodology: A sample population of 195 samples was taken from workers in the seafood industry at the St. Helena Bay Fisheries and West Point Processors using personal air sampling pumps.
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Hill, Evelyn June. "Applying statistical and syntactic pattern recognition techniques to the detection of fish in digital images." University of Western Australia. School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0070.
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This study is an attempt to simulate aspects of human visual perception by automating the detection of specific types of objects in digital images. The success of the methods attempted here was measured by how well results of experiments corresponded to what a typical human’s assessment of the data might be. The subject of the study was images of live fish taken underwater by digital video or digital still cameras. It is desirable to be able to automate the processing of such data for efficient stock assessment for fisheries management. In this study some well known statistical pattern classification techniques were tested and new syntactical/ structural pattern recognition techniques were developed. For testing of statistical pattern classification, the pixels belonging to fish were separated from the background pixels and the EM algorithm for Gaussian mixture models was used to locate clusters of pixels. The means and the covariance matrices for the components of the model were used to indicate the location, size and shape of the clusters. Because the number of components in the mixture is unknown, the EM algorithm has to be run a number of times with different numbers of components and then the best model chosen using a model selection criterion. The AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and the MDL (Minimum Description Length) were tested.The MDL was found to estimate the numbers of clusters of pixels more accurately than the AIC, which tended to overestimate cluster numbers. In order to reduce problems caused by initialisation of the EM algorithm (i.e. starting positions of mixtures and number of mixtures), the Dynamic Cluster Finding algorithm (DCF) was developed (based on the Dog-Rabbit strategy). This algorithm can produce an estimate of the locations and numbers of clusters of pixels. The Dog-Rabbit strategy is based on early studies of learning behaviour in neurons. The main difference between Dog-Rabbit and DCF is that DCF is based on a toroidal topology which removes the tendency of cluster locators to migrate to the centre of mass of the data set and miss clusters near the edges of the image. In the second approach to the problem, data was extracted from the image using an edge detector. The edges from a reference object were compared with the edges from a new image to determine if the object occurred in the new image. In order to compare edges, the edge pixels were first assembled into curves using an UpWrite procedure; then the curves were smoothed by fitting parametric cubic polynomials. Finally the curves were converted to arrays of numbers which represented the signed curvature of the curves at regular intervals. Sets of curves from different images can be compared by comparing the arrays of signed curvature values, as well as the relative orientations and locations of the curves. Discrepancy values were calculated to indicate how well curves and sets of curves matched the reference object. The total length of all matched curves was used to indicate what fraction of the reference object was found in the new image. The curve matching procedure gave results which corresponded well with what a human being being might observe.
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Du, Preez A. J. "A business plan for incorporating a bio-diesel refinery into the value chain of a pelagic fish-processing plant." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6447.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Through the continual pursuit to reduce wastage through converting unmarketable by-products into a form that can be sold or used, it was established that an opportunity was available to refine poor-quality fish oil into a fuel source for internal use by a company. By commissioning a biodiesel refinery at the pelagic fish-processing facility of Pioneer Fishing (Pty) Ltd, it will be possible to refine the fish oil into biodiesel and easily distribute the fuel to the fishing vessels or the trucks used for the catching and transportation of pelagic fish. South African legislation is promoting small-scale biodiesel plants by reducing the taxes and levies payable on biodiesel sold by those refineries. The aim of this research report is to provide Pioneer Fishing (Pty) Ltd with a business plan to motivate the commissioning of a small-scale biodiesel plant to process the waste fish oil into a useable energy source to fuel the fishing vessels and trucks.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die voortdurende strewe na minder vermorsing deur onbemarkbare neweprodukte in ʼn verhandelbare of bruikbare vorm om te sit, het die geleentheid uitgewys om visolie van ʼn swak gehalte tot ʼn brandstof vir interne gebruik deur ‟n maatskappy te raffineer. Deur ʼn biodieselraffinadery by die diepseevisverwerkingsfasiliteit van Pioneer Fishing (Edms) Bpk in gebruik te neem, sal die afvalvisolie van dié aanleg tot biodiesel geraffineer kan word. Die biodiesel sal betreklik maklik beskikbaar gestel kan word aan die vaartuie en die vragmotors wat vir die vangs en vervoer van die diepseevis gebruik word. Heersende Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing moedig juis kleinskaalse biodieselaanlegte aan deur ʼn korting toe te staan op die belasting en heffings op die biodiesel van sodanige raffinaderye. Hierdie navorsingsverslag het ten doel om Pioneer Fishing (Edms) Bpk van ʼn sakeplan te voorsien ter motivering van die ingebruikneming van ʼn kleinskaalse biodieselaanleg om die afvalvisolie tot ʼn bruikbare energiebron te verwerk waarmee die visvaartuie en -vragmotors aangedryf kan word.
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Haugh, Helen. "Organisational culture, management and strategy in the small and medium sized enterprise : the case of the fish processing industry in north east Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165725.
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This thesis explores the nature of organisational culture, management and strategy in the small and medium sized enterprise (SME). Empirically, the study of organisational culture reflects a diversity of definition, methodology and findings, with a large body of research which is either quantitative, or carried out in large organisations, and relatively few studies which specifically explore organisational culture in the SME. This study aims to further the current understanding of the internal operating environment of the SME, namely the relationships between organisational culture, management, strategy and manager behaviour in the independent firm. The methodology adopted consists of ethnographic research conducted in four SMEs using participant observation, informant and respondent interviewing, and analysis of a small amount of documentary material. In an attempt to draw boundaries around the SMEs studied, all four SMEs are located in the same period code area, operate in the same industry and each is independently owned. However, the operating strategy in unique to each SME studied and the four firms consist of two domestic operators and two explorers. The thesis makes three major contributions to research in this area. Firstly, the cultural analysis identifies shared values between the firms of survival and continuity, independence and control, and financial prudence. Secondly, the managerial paradigm in each SME articulates, the nature of management in the specific firm and in so doing demonstrates the critical role of the owner manager in shaping and maintaining the culture of the SME which he manages. Thirdly, the cultural analysis of strategy in each firm portrays a detailed analysis of the impact of basic assumptions in determining the values and surface artefacts of the SME.
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Napoli, Marlise Aparecida dos Santos de. "Consumo de água na industrialização da Tilápia: estudo de caso do oeste do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1505.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-01The fish industry is one of the economy sectors in great expansion and, together with the growth, generates numerous waste. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the water consumption in the production processes of tilapia industrialization, and the effluent generated from fish processing companies of western Paraná, aiming at reducing the environmental impacts of the activity. Semi-structured interviews with representatives of fifteen fish processing companies of Western Paraná were conducted. According to the results, the fish processing companies have an average of 14.98 L of water consumption for producing 1kg of processed fillet. In general, the effluents are not monitored, being necessary improvements in that target process and effluent treatment, preventing environmental impacts resulting from industrialization of tilapia
A indústria do pescado é um dos setores da economia em grande expansão, e, aliado ao crescimento, gera inúmeros resíduos. Nesse contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo da água nos processos produtivos da industrialização da tilápia, e da geração de efluentes dos frigoríficos de pescados da região oeste do Paraná, visando a redução dos impactos ambientais da atividade. Para a realização deste estudo, foram efetuadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com representes dos estabelecimentos em quinze frigoríficos da região oeste do Paraná que realizam o processamento do pescado. De acordo com os resultados, foram observados que os frigoríficos possuem um consumo médio de 14,98 L para a produção de 1kg de filé processado. Em geral os efluentes não são monitorados, sendo necessário melhorias nesse processo de destino e tratamento de efluentes prevenindo impactos ambientais decorrentes da industrialização da tilapia
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Gabbay, Igal. "Retrieving Definitions from Scientific Text in the Salmon Fish Domain by Lexical Pattern Matching." Thesis, University of Limerick, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71562.
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While an information retrieval system takes as input a user query and returns a list of relevant documents chosen from a large collection, a question answering system attempts to produce an exact answer. Recent research, motivated by the question answering track of the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) has focused mainly on answering ‘factoid’ questions concerned with names, places, dates etc. in the news domain. However, questions seeking definitions of terms are common in the logs of search engines. The objective of this project was therefore to investigate methods of retrieving definitions from scientific documents. The subject domain was salmon, and an appropriate test collection of articles was created, pre-processed and indexed. Relevant terms were obtained from salmon researchers and a fish database. A system was built which accepted a term as input, retrieved relevant documents from the collection using a search engine, identified definition phrases within them using a vocabulary of syntactic patterns and associated heuristics, and produced as output phrases explaining the term. Four experiments were carried out which progressively extended and refined the patterns. The performance of the system, measured using an appropriate form of precision, improved over the experiments from 8.6% to 63.6%. The main findings of the research were: (1) Definitions were diverse despite the documents’ homogeneity and found not only in the Introduction and Abstract sections but also in the Methods and References; (2) Nevertheless, syntactic patterns were a useful starting point in extracting them; (3) Three patterns accounted for 90% of candidate phrases; (4) Statistically, the ordinal number of the instance of the term in a document was a better indicator of the presence of a definition than either sentence position and length, or the number of sentences in the document. Next steps include classifying terms, using information extraction-like templates, resolving basic anaphors, ranking answers, exploiting the structure of scientific papers, and refining the evaluation process.
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Bueno, Raimundo João. "Silagem ácida de resíduos da filetagem de tilápias em dietas de alevinos de piauçu Leporinus macrocephalus /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86725.
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Orientador: João Batista Kochenborger FernandesBanca: Teresa Cristina Ribeiro Dias Koberstein
Banca: Carmino Hayashi
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da silagem ácida de resíduos da filetagem de tilápias em dietas do piauçu Leporinus macrocephalus. Foram utilizados 300 alevinos de piauçu com três faixas de pesos (2,0-2,5g; 2,51- 3,0g; 3,01-3,5g), distribuídos em 30 aquários de 100 litros de volume útil. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com duas repetições por bloco. Os peixes foram alimentados até a saciedade sem que houvesse sobras, duas vezes ao dia com dietas isoproteicas (32% PB) e isoenergéticas (4150kcal/kg EB). Foram empregados cinco tratamentos sendo: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% e 8% de inclusão de silagem ácida de resíduos de filetagem de tilápias nas dietas. Durante todo o experimento a qualidade da água foi mantida em condições ideais para um bom desenvolvimento da espécie. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho, composição corporal, eficiência de utilização de nutrientes, índice hepato-somático e índice gordura-víscero-somático. Após 84 dias, os resultados mostraram que não ocorreram diferenças significativas sobre nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados (P>0,05), indicando que a inclusão de até 8% de silagem ácida de resíduos de filetagem de tilápias na dieta de alevinos de piauçu não causou prejuízo no crescimento, saúde e qualidade da carcaça.
Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of acid ensilage of tilapia filleting residues on diets for piauçu Leporinus macrocephalus. It was used 300 piauçu fry with three weight ranges (2.0-2.5g; 2.51-3.0g; 3.01-3.5g), distributed in 30 aquaria with 100 liters of useful volume. The design used was randomized blocks with two replicates each block. Fish were fed until satiation with no leftovers, twice a day with isoproteic (32% CP) and isoenergetic (4150kcal/kg GE) diets. Five treatments were applied: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of tilapia filleting residues acid ensilage inclusion on the diets. During all the experiment, water quality was maintained under ideal conditions for the species good development. Parameters of performance, body composition, nutrient utilization efficiency, hepato-somatic index and mesenteric fat index were evaluated. After 84 days, results have shown no significant differences for any of the tested treatments (P>0.05), indicating that the inclusion of up to 8% of tilapia filleting residues acid ensilage on diets for piauçu fry has caused no damage on growth, health or carcass quality.
Mestre
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Nolte, Noreen Kathleen. "Protection of the long chain N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in hake head flour against oxidation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49781.
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Zhu, Songming 1961. "Phase transition studies in food systems during high pressure processing and its applications to pressure shift freezing and high pressure thawing." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84862.
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High-pressure (HP) depresses the phase-transition point of water especially in the case of ice-I (down to -21°C at about 210 MPa). This phenomenon has several potential advantages in food processing applications, such as pressure shift freezing (PSF) and HP thawing. However, scientific knowledge available in this area is still relatively limited. The main objectives of this research were to investigate the phase-transition behavior of foods under pressure processing in the context of PSF and HP thawing techniques and to evaluate their impact on product quality.Distilled water and fresh pork muscle were tested by a HP differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) using isothermal pressure scan (P-scan) and isobaric temperature scan (T-scan). P-scan tests showed that the phase-transition temperature (T) of pork was a function of the weighted-average pressure (P¯1--2): T = -1.17 - 0.102P¯1--2 - 0.00019 P&d1;21-2 (R2 = 0.99) that was much lower than that of pure ice. The phase-change latent heat of pork was estimated by P-scan. T-scan indicated the phase-transition point at a constant pressure, but it showed less accurate than P-scan. The ratio (Rice, %) of ice crystals formed by rapid release of pressure (P) was evaluated using the HP DSC: Rice-water = 0.115P + 0.00013P2 (R2 = 0.96) for water, and Rice-pork = 0.084P + 0.00012P2 (R2 = 0.95) for pork muscle. In the developed method, the pressure-dependent thermal properties of test materials are not required.
A preliminary study on ice-crystal formation was carried out using small gelatin gel samples frozen by conventional air freezing (CAF), liquid immersion freezing (LIF) and PSF at different pressures. The ovoid structure left from ice crystals was evaluated for area, equivalent diameter, roundness and elongation. The diameter (mean +/- S.D.) was 145 +/- 66, 84 +/- 26, 91 +/- 30, 73 +/- 29, and 44 +/- 16 mum for the treatments of CAF, LIF and PSF at 100, 150 and 200 MPa, respectively. Roundness and elongation did not show a clear trend with different freezing tests. Similar experiments using small-size Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) resulted in the diameter of 110 +/- 41, 17 +/- 8.4, 16 +/- 8.8, 8.2.5 and 5.0 +/- 2.1 mum for CAF, LIF and PSF at 100, 150 and 200 MPa, respectively. The roundness was 0.38 +/- 0.14, 0.55 +/- 0.21, 0.57 +/- 0.18, 0.63 +/- 0.14 and 0.71 +/- 0.14 for the above treatments, respectively. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Branco, Luciana da Conceição Castello 1985. "Efeito da etapa de fritura sobre os níveis residuais de enrofloxacina e ciprofloxacina em fisbúrgueres preparados com tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) exposta a enrofloxacina." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256319.
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Orientadores: Felix Guillermo Reyes Reyes, Marili Villa Nova RodriguesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Os antimicrobianos são aplicados mundialmente na tilapicultura para o tratamento de bacterioses, principais doenças que acometem esta espécie. Entre os antibióticos, a enrofloxacina (ENR), pertencente à família das quinolonas, é utilizada internacionalmente e tem demonstrado ser eficaz no tratamento de infecções bacterianas. No Brasil, seu uso na criação de peixes ainda não foi aprovado, mas o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) incluiu, em 2010, este fármaco no Plano Nacional de Controle de Resíduos e Contaminantes em Peixes (PNCRC). A ENR é biotransformada pelos animais à ciprofloxacina (CIP), composto este que apresenta atividade antimicrobiana e é utilizado na medicina humana. O processamento de alimentos tem mostrado ser um fator positivo para a segurança dos alimentos, devido à possível degradação de resíduos de antimicrobianos que poderiam causar o desenvolvimento de resistência em micro-organismos ou induzir efeitos adversos na saúde de seres humanos. Assim, é de grande importância, do ponto de vista da saúde pública e de conhecimento científico, conhecer o comportamento de resíduos de medicamentos veterinários nos alimentos quando submetidos ao processamento. O fishbúrguer, preparado com carne de tilápia, têm demonstrado elevada aceitação pelos consumidores. Isto reflete o novo estilo da vida em que os requisitos para a compra de um alimento incluem os benefícios nutricionais e também a conveniência de preparação. Para avaliar a diminuição dos níveis de resíduo de ENR e CIP presentes em filé de tilápia, durante processo de produção e fritura dos mesmos, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia analítica que apresentem precisão, exatidão e sensibilidade para determinar este composto e seu metabólito. Portanto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram em filé de tilápia, bem como em um produto derivado, fishbúrguer, para avaliar a estabilidade dessas substâncias durante o processo de produção e fritura. Para este fim, um método simples, rápido e de baixo custo, utilizando LC-MS, foi desenvolvido e validado para a determinação simultânea de ENF e CIP. O preparo de amostra foi baseado na precipitação de proteínas com ácido tricloroacético, extração com acetonitrila e limpeza do extrato com hexano. A separação cromatográfica foi realizada em uma coluna C18. Para ambos os compostos, as curvas de calibração na matriz demonstraram linearidade superior a 0,99. O método foi seletivo, exato (91-100% de recuperação) e preciso (coeficientes de variação abaixo de 5%). Limites de detecção e quantificação foram, respectivamente, 3,5 e 10,4 µg/kg para ambos os compostos. Os valores calculados CCa e CCß foram, respectivamente, 107 e 114 µg/kg para ENR e 105 e 110 µg/kg para CIP (LMR estabelecido pela Comissão da UE é de 100 µg/kg para a soma de ENR e CIP). O método foi empregado para a determinação de resíduos de ENR e CIP em amostras de filés de tilápia obtidos a partir de peixes expostos a ENR (dose única de 40 mg/kg de peso corpóreo - administrado via ração). Os animais foram sacrificados após 4, 8 e 12 h de exposição. Resíduos acima do LMR foram encontrados mesmo após 12 h de administração do fármaco. A fim de avaliar a influência do processo de produção e fritura sobre os níveis residuais de ENR e CIP, fishbúrgueres foram preparados com filé de tilápias expostas a ENR. O método analítico para determinação da ENR e CIP no filé de tilápia foi adaptado e validado para a análise de fishbúrgueres antes e após fritura. Os métodos adaptados foram validados e mostraram-se linear, com coeficiente de correlação maior que 0,99, precisos (coeficiente de variação abaixo de 6%) e exatos (recuperação média de 90 a 106%). Foram analisadas amostras de fishbúrgueres (antes e após fritura) utilizando os métodos validados. Não foi verificada redução significativa dos níveis residuais da soma de ENR e CIP durante o preparo dos fishbúrgueres. No entanto, redução (p<0,05) de, aproximadamente, 10% foi verificada como consequência da fritura. Porém, essa redução pode ser considerada baixa em termos de segurança dos consumidores
Abstract: Antimicrobials are used worldwide for the treatment of tilapicultura bacteriosis, main diseases that affect this species. Among the antibiotics, enrofloxacin (ENR), belonging to the quinolone family, is used internationally and has been shown to be effective in treating bacterial infections in fish. In Brazil, its use in fish farm is not yet approved, but the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) included, in 2010, this drug in the National Plan for Control of Residues and Contaminants in Fish (PNCRC). ENR is biotransformed in the body of animals being converted to ciprofloxacin (CIP), an active compound used in human medicine. Food processing has shown to be a positive factor for the food safety, due to the possible degradation of antimicrobial agents that could potentially cause development of resistance in microorganisms or induce adverse health effects in humans. Thus, it is of great importance, from the standpoint of public health and scientific knowledge, to know the behavior of veterinary drugs in foods when subjected to processing for consumption. The fishburger, prepared with meat from tilapia, have shown high acceptance by the consumers. This follows the new style of life in which the requirements for the purchase of a food include the nutritional benefits and the convenience of preparation. To evaluate the degradation of ENR present in meat processed as tilapia fishburger, it becomes necessary to develop and validate analytical methods that present precision, accuracy and sensitivity to determine this compound and CIP as well. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to develop and validate analytical method for the determination of ENR and CIP in tilapia fillet, as well as in a product derived from tilapia meat (fishburger) and to evaluate the stability of these substances during the frying of fishburgers prepared from tilapias exposed to ENR. For this purpose, a simple, fast and low cost LC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of ENR and CIP residues in tilapia fillet and fishburgers was developed and validated. Sample preparation was done by protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, acetonitrile extraction and extract clean up with hexane. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column. For both compounds, matrix matched calibration curves showed linearity higher than 0.99. The method was selective, accurate (91-100% recovery) and precise (coefficients of variation below 5%). Limits of detection and quantification were, respectively, 3.5 and 10.4 µg/kg for both compounds. The calculated CCa and CCß values were, respectively, 107 and 114 µg/kg for ENR and 105 and 110 µg/kg for CIP (MRL established by the EU Commission is 100 µg/kg for the sum of ENR and CIP). The method was employed for the determination of ENR and CIP residues in samples of tilapia fillets obtained from fishes exposed to ENR (single dose of 40 mg/kg b.w incorporated in the feed). The animals were killed after 4, 8 and 12 h of exposure. Sum of residues of ENR and CIP above the MRL were found, even after 12 h of ENR administration. In order to evaluate the influence of cooking (frying) on the residual levels of ENR and CIP, fishburgers were formulated with fillet of tilapias exposed to ENR. The analytical method for the determination of ENR and CIP in tilapia fillet was adapted and validated for the analysis of the fishburgers before and after frying. Adapted and validated methods showed linearity with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99, selectivity, precision (coefficient of variation below 6%) and accuracy (average recovery of 90 to 106%). Samples of fishburgers (before and after frying) were analyzed using the validated methods. A small reduction (approximately 10%) in the residual levels of ENR and CIP as a consequence of frying was verified, indicating that both compounds are stable to cooking conditions
Mestrado
Ciência de Alimentos
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
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Azevedo, Adriano Vitor. "Análise de rendimento industrial da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1500.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-02The objective was proportional an analysis in the processing of Nile tilapia in different weight ranges. A total of 200 tilapias were used, separated into four weight groups: P1 (180 to 220 g); P2 (280-320 g); P3 (380-420 g) and P4 (480-520 g), derived from a farmers association of fish in net-tank from the hydroelectric Governor José Richa-Salto Caxias, Pr. The fish were processed in an industrial environment . For statistical analysis, we used the analysis of variance, followed by F test at 5% significance level, and when significant Tukey test. The found average weights were P1 (206g), P2 (297g); P3 (382g) and P4 (491g). A clean trunk proceeds analysis was significant for P2 weight ranges (51.15%), P3 (51.36%) and P4 (53.01%). Proximate analysis for clean trunks were used, and the weight ranges P3 and P4 were significant for protein and fat. As the production cost and manufacturing proceeds for the clean trunk, the weight range is indicated P2
O objetivo do trabalho foi o de proporcionar uma análise no processamento da tilápia do Nilo em diferentes faixas de peso. Foram utilizados um total de 200 tilápias, separadas em quatro grupos de pesos: P1 (180 a 220 g); P2 (280 a 320 g); P3 (380 a 420 g) e P4 (480 a 520 g), oriundos de uma associação de aquicultores de peixes em tanques-rede do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica Governador José Richa-Salto Caxias, PR. Os peixes foram processados em um ambiente industrial. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizada a análise de variância, seguido do teste F em 5 % de significância, e o teste de Tukey quando significativo. Os pesos médios encontrados foram P1 (206g), P2 (297g); P3 (382g) e P4 (491g). A análise de rendimento de tronco limpo mostrou-se significativa para as faixas de peso P2 (51,15%), P3 (51,36%) e P4 (53,01%). Para análise centesimal foram utilizados os troncos limpos, e as faixas de peso P3 e P4 foram significativas para proteína e gordura. Quanto ao custo de produção e rendimento industrial para obter o tronco limpo, a faixa de peso indicada é o P2
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Scott, Karen Christine. "The effect of processing on the vitamin D?, vitamin E, pre-vitamin D?, and pro-vitamin D? content of menhaden fish meal, and on the lipid-soluble vitamin content of menhaden fish oil : and the selenium content of various tissues... /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487675687176151.
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Joginipelly, Arjun Kumar. "Efficient FPGA Architectures for Separable Filters and Logarithmic Multipliers and Automation of Fish Feature Extraction Using Gabor Filters." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1876.
Full textAbstract:
Convolution and multiplication operations in the filtering process can be optimized by minimizing the resource utilization using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and separable filter kernels. An FPGA architecture for separable convolution is proposed to achieve reduction of on-chip resource utilization and external memory bandwidth for a given processing rate of the convolution unit.
Multiplication in integer number system can be optimized in terms of resources, operation time and power consumption by converting to logarithmic domain. To achieve this, a method altering the filter weights is proposed and implemented for error reduction. The results obtained depict significant error reduction when compared to existing methods, thereby optimizing the multiplication in terms of the above mentioned metrics.
Underwater video and still images are used by many programs within National Oceanic Atmospheric and Administration (NOAA) fisheries with the objective of identifying, classifying and quantifying living marine resources. They use underwater cameras to get video recording data for manual analysis. This process of manual analysis is labour intensive, time consuming and error prone. An efficient solution for this problem is proposed which uses Gabor filters for feature extraction. The proposed method is implemented to identify two species of fish namely Epinephelus morio and Ocyurus chrysurus. The results show higher rate of detection with minimal rate of false alarms.
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Rodrigues, Vivian Carolina dos Santos. "Efeito da densidade de estocagem na sobrevivência e crescimento do pampo (Trachinotus carolinus) em tanques-rede marinhos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86727.
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Resumo: Com o intuito de conhecer o potencial zootécnico do pampo, foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes densidades de estocagem (100 e 200 peixes/m3) na sobrevivência e crescimento do pampo amarelo (Trachinotus carolinus), criado em tanque-rede instalado em ambiente marinho. Peixes com aproximadamente 1,0 a 2,0 g, capturados em arrastos nas praias rasas do município de Ubatuba, SP, foram transportados ao Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Litoral Norte - Agência Paulista Tecnológica do Agronegócio - Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento e mantidos durante 45 dias em tanques-rede de 5mm de malhagem. Após seleção manual, animais de 4,0 ± 0,17g foram estocados, nas densidades de 100 e 200 peixes/m3, em tanques-rede de multifilamento com 2 x 2 x 1,5m e 12 mm de malhagem, fixos a um "deck" flutuante (6,0 x 8,0 m), instalado diretamente no mar a profundidade de aproximadamente 3,5 ± 0,5 m. Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia até a saciação com ração de 40% de PB. Após 120 dias, as taxas de sobrevivência média observadas foram 77,23% e 73,11 %; pesos médios (52,79 ± 4.86 9 e 52,64 ± 5.64 g); Ganho de Peso (GP) (48,69 ± 4,05 9 e 48,73 ± 4,00 g); Taxa de Crescimento Especifico (TCE) (2,13 ± 1,24 e 2,16 ± 1,03) e Conversão Alimentar Aparente (CAA) (3,23 ± 1,52 e 2,66 ± 0,78), respectivamente para 100 e 200 peixes/m3. Estes dados não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P~0,05) entre os tratamentos testados. Entretanto os ganhos de peso do pampo, no presente experimento foram superiores a muitos trabalhos encontrados na literatura, o que nos leva a concluir que a densidade de 200 peixes/m3, utilizada neste estudo, pode ainda estar abaixo da capacidade de suporte para a espécie e pode ser o ponto de partida para futuros estudos, considerando o estágio de desenvolvimento dos animais.Abstract: Aiming to know the zoothecnic potential of pampo, it was evaluated the effect of stocking densities (100 and 200 fish/m3) in the survival and growth rates of Florida pampano (Trachinotus carolinus), reared in marine cage. Fish with approximately 1 - 2g captured by seine in flat beaches of the city of Ubatuba, S.P. were transferred to the Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Litoral Norte - Agencia Paulista Tecnologica do Agronegocio - Secretaria Agricultura e Abastecimento and kept during 45 days in cage of 5mm mesh size. After manual selection, animals of 4.0 ± 0.17g had been stored, in the studied densities, cage of multifilament with 2 x 2 x 1.5 m and 12 mm of mesh size fixed to a"deck" (6.0 8.0 m), installed directly in the sea at a depth of approximately 3.5 ± 0.5 m. The animals had been fed twice¬-a day until satiation with ration of 40% of PB. Soon after a 120 days experimental period, the average survival rate (77.23% and 73.11 %); average body-weight (52.79 ± 4.86 and 52.64 ± 5.64); weiht gain (48.69 ± 4.05 and 48.73 ± 4.00); daily growth increment (2.13 ± 1.24 and 2.16±1.03) and apparent feed conversion rate (3.23 ± 1.52 and 2.66 ± 0.78), respectively for 100 and 200 fish/m3,were recorded. These parameters didn't present significant differences (P>=0,05) between the tested treatments. However pampo weight gain, in this experiment have been superior to many works found in literature, what allows the conclusion that pampo can be reaise in sea cages in densities above 200 fish/m3, and this density could be the starting point for future studies.
Orientador: Newton Castagnolli
Coorientador: Sérgio Ostini
Banca: João Donato Scorvo Filho
Banca: João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes
Mestre
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Rodrigues, Vivian Carolina dos Santos [UNESP]. "Efeito da densidade de estocagem na sobrevivência e crescimento do pampo (Trachinotus carolinus) em tanques-rede marinhos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86727.
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rodrigues_vcs_me_jabo.pdf: 201320 bytes, checksum: 0b3a492d89a4de0571bff67b2f0754ed (MD5)Com o intuito de conhecer o potencial zootécnico do pampo, foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes densidades de estocagem (100 e 200 peixes/m3) na sobrevivência e crescimento do pampo amarelo (Trachinotus carolinus), criado em tanque-rede instalado em ambiente marinho. Peixes com aproximadamente 1,0 a 2,0 g, capturados em arrastos nas praias rasas do município de Ubatuba, SP, foram transportados ao Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Litoral Norte - Agência Paulista Tecnológica do Agronegócio - Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento e mantidos durante 45 dias em tanques-rede de 5mm de malhagem. Após seleção manual, animais de 4,0 ± 0,17g foram estocados, nas densidades de 100 e 200 peixes/m3, em tanques-rede de multifilamento com 2 x 2 x 1,5m e 12 mm de malhagem, fixos a um deck flutuante (6,0 x 8,0 m), instalado diretamente no mar a profundidade de aproximadamente 3,5 ± 0,5 m. Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia até a saciação com ração de 40% de PB. Após 120 dias, as taxas de sobrevivência média observadas foram 77,23% e 73,11 %; pesos médios (52,79 ± 4.86 9 e 52,64 ± 5.64 g); Ganho de Peso (GP) (48,69 ± 4,05 9 e 48,73 ± 4,00 g); Taxa de Crescimento Especifico (TCE) (2,13 ± 1,24 e 2,16 ± 1,03) e Conversão Alimentar Aparente (CAA) (3,23 ± 1,52 e 2,66 ± 0,78), respectivamente para 100 e 200 peixes/m3. Estes dados não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P~0,05) entre os tratamentos testados. Entretanto os ganhos de peso do pampo, no presente experimento foram superiores a muitos trabalhos encontrados na literatura, o que nos leva a concluir que a densidade de 200 peixes/m3, utilizada neste estudo, pode ainda estar abaixo da capacidade de suporte para a espécie e pode ser o ponto de partida para futuros estudos, considerando o estágio de desenvolvimento dos animais.
Aiming to know the zoothecnic potential of pampo, it was evaluated the effect of stocking densities (100 and 200 fish/m3) in the survival and growth rates of Florida pampano (Trachinotus carolinus), reared in marine cage. Fish with approximately 1 - 2g captured by seine in flat beaches of the city of Ubatuba, S.P. were transferred to the Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Litoral Norte - Agencia Paulista Tecnologica do Agronegocio - Secretaria Agricultura e Abastecimento and kept during 45 days in cage of 5mm mesh size. After manual selection, animals of 4.0 ± 0.17g had been stored, in the studied densities, cage of multifilament with 2 x 2 x 1.5 m and 12 mm of mesh size fixed to adeck (6.0 8.0 m), installed directly in the sea at a depth of approximately 3.5 ± 0.5 m. The animals had been fed twice¬-a day until satiation with ration of 40% of PB. Soon after a 120 days experimental period, the average survival rate (77.23% and 73.11 %); average body-weight (52.79 ± 4.86 and 52.64 ± 5.64); weiht gain (48.69 ± 4.05 and 48.73 ± 4.00); daily growth increment (2.13 ± 1.24 and 2.16±1.03) and apparent feed conversion rate (3.23 ± 1.52 and 2.66 ± 0.78), respectively for 100 and 200 fish/m3,were recorded. These parameters didn't present significant differences (P>=0,05) between the tested treatments. However pampo weight gain, in this experiment have been superior to many works found in literature, what allows the conclusion that pampo can be reaise in sea cages in densities above 200 fish/m3, and this density could be the starting point for future studies.
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Quadros, Diomar Augusto de 1976. "Desenvolvimento de alimento a base de pescado com teor reduzido de sal e qualidade sensorial para a alimentação escolar." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254252.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Helena Maria André BoliniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um produto (hambúrguer) a base de pescado proveniente da pesca artesanal, com teor reduzido de sódio, como uma alternativa de oferta do produto à alimentação escolar. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: de campo e laboratorial. Na pesquisa de campo foi aplicado formulário de marcadores do consumo alimentar para indivíduos maiores de cinco anos, adaptado do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - Ministério da Saúde, como forma de avaliar o padrão alimentar dos estudantes de escolas públicas municipais de Matinhos/PR. Além do padrão alimentar, foi analisado o consumo de pescado e o hábito de consumo da alimentação escolar por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. Na fase laboratorial, foram determinadas as características biométricas, composição centesimal e os rendimentos da filetagem da Sororoca (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) e a composição centesimal, microbiológica e sensorial do produto elaborado (hambúrguer de Sororoca). Os resultados na fase de campo indicam que há um grande percentual de crianças que consomem salada crua (37,43%), frutas (49,70%), feijão (64,97%) e leite (79,94%) todos os dias, que são alimentos marcadores de alimentação saudável. Em relação aos alimentos marcadores de uma alimentação não saudável o consumo é elevado. Além disso, as crianças têm o hábito de consumo de peixe, preferencialmente frito, e da merenda escolar. Em relação ao produto elaborado, a redução de sódio não influencia os parâmetros físico-químicos, microbiológicos e sensoriais. Para o teste de aceitação, identificou-se que as formulações mais aceitas pelos consumidores adultos são as produzidas com polpa integral com 1,5% e 0,75% de sal. Entre os escolares todas as amostras foram bem aceitas e não foi identificado diferença entre elas. A ADQ® revelou que as amostras preparadas com polpa integral obtiveram uma intensidade maior para todos os atributos de aparência, aroma e sabor. Os termos descritores que direcionaram a preferência dos consumidores e determinam a aceitação das amostras são o formato de peixe, os gostos salgado e umami e os sabores de peixe, ervas e residual de tempero industrializado, sendo que o atributo formato do peixe influenciou positivamente os resultados. A redução no teor de sal proporcionou produtos com perfil sensorial dinâmico semelhante aos preparados com maior teor de sal, sem diferença significativa em tempo total de duração e com intensidade significativamente inferior (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que é possível elaborar um produto para a alimentação escolar a base de pescado proveniente da pesca artesanal com redução de sal e com alta aceitação, promovendo a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional dos estudantes
Abstract: This study aimed to develop a low-sodium product (burger)based on fish from artisanal fisheries as an alternative food in school meals. The study was divided into two stages: laboratory and field study. In the field study, food consumption markers for individuals over five years were used, which were adapted from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System - Ministry of Health, in order to assess the dietary patterns of students from public schools in Matinhos / PR. In addition, fish consumption and the students¿ consumption habits were analyzed using a semi-structured questionnaire. In the laboratory study, the raw material (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) was evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics, while the processed product was characterized for its physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial properties. The results in the field study showed that despite a large percentage of children consumed raw salad, fruit, beans, and milk every day, a high rate of consumption of unhealthy foods was observed. In addition, it was observed that children have the habit of consuming fish and school meals. Regarding the processed product, sodium reduction did not affect the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory parameters. For the acceptance testing, the formulations produced with the whole fish pulp and 1.5% and 0.75% salt were more accepted by adult consumers; among students, all samples were very well accepted, with no significant differences between them. The ADQ® revealed that the samples prepared with the whole pulp had higher intensities for all appearance attributes, aroma, and flavor. The descriptors that guided the consumers¿ preference and determined the product acceptance were fish format, salty and umami taste, fish flavor, herbs, and residual industrialized seasoning, and the attribute fish format positively affected the results. The lower salt content provided products with dynamic sensory profile similar to those prepared with higher salt, with no significant difference in total duration time, and with significantly lower intensity (p < 0.05). It is possible to develop a product for school meals based on fish from artisanal fisheries with reduced salt and high acceptance, therefore promoting food and nutrition security for the students
Doutorado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição