Dissertations / Theses: 'Fish scale'

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Taylor, Ryan James. "Applications of fish scale analysis to understand growth dynamics of fish populations." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5771.

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The use of hard structures to derive ecological information about fish populations is a fundamental tool in fisheries assessment, specifically the back-calculation of fish lengths. This study highlights the potential errors associated with correction factors (c) because of poor sampling and provides a validation of (c) values. In addition, classical fisheries assumptions about the relationship between scale radius and fish body length were tested. As a result, variability or error of correction factors can be reduced by having a minimum of 30 samples with at least 4 age classes represented. Alternatively the (c) provided can be used as a standard (c) factor for each species, eliminating the variance caused by poor sampling. Finally, the development of standard intercept values (based on observation of juvenile fish) should be promoted to replace or validate mathematically derived (c). The ability to accurately determine the age and growth of fish is an important tool in fishery biology and therefore it is fundamental to this work that all steps should be taken to increase the accuracy of back-calculated length-at-age data and account for size when fish lay down scales. To account for potential error associated with a correction factor, larval fish were routinely sampled to identify patterns of squamation, providing preliminary reference data for correction factors used in back-calculation of fish length-at-age. Determination of the length at squamation for more specimens will allow for the derivation of standard correction factors for each species that can be used across the species’ distribution. Geometric morphometric (GM) analysis of fish scales has been shown to be a good discriminator of genera using a fixed landmark approach. However, freshwater fish scales are often irregular in shape; therefore it is not possible to identify identical locations on all individuals. This study provides evidence that scale morphology can be used to discriminate riverine fish species. The analysis of fish scale morphology is inexpensive, quick, non-destructive, and informative and could easily be added to existing monitoring programmes. This study highlights the potentially important and opportunistic information that can be gained from the GM analysis of fish scales. It is therefore anticipated that this study will be fundamental in shaping future fish population assessments. It is recognised amongst scientists that fish growth rates vary across a catchment, with species typically achieving greater growth rates in their ‘preferred’ habitats. Similarly, previous authors have identified that growth variation exists for different species and populations. This study has found that the geographic location of a river/region influences the growth rates of freshwater fishes commonly found in England. The method of constructing regional growth curves and subsequent statistical analysis discussed in this study should be adopted by fisheries scientists, because current national growth rates may be unachievable in specific regions. Furthermore, current national curves are inappropriate for growth and population analysis because they may be biased by an individual river and/or region. This study is one of the few studies to examine the differences between regional recruitment success, and found similarities and differences at both the regional and national level. With recruitment success a key requirement of monitoring fish populations under the WFD, it is hoped the information provided here will aid fisheries scientists to understand the factors affecting regional and national recruitment success. Studies on the impact of climate change on fish populations have typically focused on suggesting, rather than predicting, the effects on lentic species rather than lotic species. Furthermore, these studies often deal with American rather than European ecosystems. To address this, predicted changes in the climate of the UK were used to model likely influences on fish populations, expressed as the length of young of year (YOY) fish achieved by the end of the first growth period (May-September), juvenile and adult growth (annual growth increment, AGI) and recruitment success (year class strength, YCS), for three cyprinid fish. This study found that climate change is likely to increase the propensity for cyprinid fish to thrive, although the exact mechanism will depend on inter-annual variability in temperature rises and the timing of flow events. Notwithstanding the limitations of this study, it provides ecologists with a greater understanding of climate change and its potential impact on European, lotic fish populations.

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Hense, Zina. "Stream fish populations in a watershed scale context for fish community dynamics in central Appalachian watersheds." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5259.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 97 p. : ill., maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Ensign, William E. "Multiple-scale habitat models of benthic fish abundance in riffles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38204.

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This dissertation examines the relationship between abundances of Roanoke darter, Roanoke logperch, and black jump rock and availability of stream habitat features at three spatial scales in two reaches of the Roanoke River, Virginia. The utility of underwater observation as a method of estimating benthic fish densities is also assessed. Distributions of perpendicular sighting distances indicate models assuming equal sighting probability are not appropriate for benthic species but distance sampling models assuming decreased sighting probability with increased distance from observers provide reasonable alternatives. Abundances estimated using two distance sampling models, a strip transect model, and a backpack electroshocker were strongly correlated. At the microhabitat scale (45 m² cells), differential use of depth, velocity, substrate, and siltation level by all three species during summer low flows was evident. Habitat use characteristics were not transferable, as depths and velocities associated with high fish densities varied between reaches. Univariate and multivariate habitat suitability indices gave similar rankings for combinations of the four habitat variables, but site suitabilities based on these indices were poor predictors of fish abundance. Habitat cells were not selected independently of surrounding habitat characteristics, as fish densities were highest in target cells adjacent to cells with preferred microhabitat characteristics. Roanoke darter and black jumprock abundances were highest at sites where preferred microhabitat patches were non-contiguous while contiguity had no effect on logperch abundance. Multiple regressions showed area of suitable habitat and patch contiguity accounted for 42 %, 34 %, and 33 % of variation in darter, logperch, and jumprock abundances, respectively. Estimates of area of target riffles, area of pools and riffles upstream and downstream of target riffles, and depth, velocity, and substrate characteristics of pools and riffles immediately upstream and downstream of target riffles were obtained. Fish densities were correlated with at least one measure of proximal habitat for all three species. Significant multiple regression models relating fish density to adjacent habitat unit characteristics were also obtained, but the explanatory power of adjacent unit variables varied among small, medium and large riffles and among species. In summary, fish abundance was related to habitat at all spatial scales but explanatory power was limited.
Ph. D.

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Duarte, Gonçalo Filipe Fernandes. "Ghost of diadromous fish past: streamlining research on diadromous fish species using historical data at european scale." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18329.

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Doutoramento em Restauro e Gestão Fluviais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Arquitetura / Instituto Superior Técnico
The decline of diadromous fish species has been occurring at least since the beginning of the 20th century. In this thesis, multiple European databases on the historical distribution of diadromous fish were consulted and, acknowledging the lack of data for Portugal, the first database of Portuguese historical data for freshwater fish was created. The existence of multiple databases with distinct geographical coverage and data at different spatial scales lead to the development of an historical data framework able to deal with the limitations of historical data. Its output is a reliable and geographically broad dataset of diadromous species occurrence at the beginning of the 20th century at three spatial scales: basin, sub-basin and segment. Also, a software was developed to facilitate the acquisition of environmental and riverscape variables that can be linked with the data at the three scales. Longitudinal connectivity impairment, climate change and land use alterations are some of the most significant threats to diadromous fish species. The influence of these threats was studied performing a spatial and temporal analysis of the longitudinal connectivity impairment by large dams and, modelling the distribution of diadromous fish at the beginning of the 20th century using climate and land use variables. The longitudinal connectivity impairment of the European freshwater networks became widespread in the second half of the 20th century, and is currently more impactful for populations from basins in southern Europe. The distribution of diadromous fish species is mainly affected by climate, though the effects of land use close to river mouths may be relevant since these are critical passage and entry points for the remaining network. The framework and the software developed were key to achieve the scientific knowledge presented, and more importantly, these can be established as the structural basis for future research on diadromous fish species
N/A

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Akhter, Jubaida Nasreen. "Scale and impacts of fish stock enhancement activities in three regions." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402717.

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Wall, Carrie Christy. "Shelf-scale Mapping of Fish Distribution Using Active and Passive Acoustics." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4251.

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Fish sound production has been associated with courtship and spawning behavior. Acoustic recordings of fish sounds can be used to identify distribution and behavior. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can record large amounts of acoustic data in a specific area for days to years. These data can be collected in remote locations under potentially unsafe seas throughout a 24-hour period providing datasets unattainable using observer-based methods. However, the instruments must withstand the caustic ocean environment and be retrieved to obtain the recorded data. This can prove difficult due to the risk of PAMs being lost, stolen or damaged, especially in highly active areas. In addition, point-source sound recordings are only one aspect of fish biogeography. Passive acoustic platforms that produce low self-generated noise, have high retrieval rates, and are equipped with a suite of environmental sensors are needed to relate patterns in fish sound production to concurrently collected oceanographic conditions on large, synoptic scales. The association of sound with reproduction further invokes the need for such non-invasive, near-real time datasets that can be used to enhance current management methods limited by survey bias, inaccurate fisher reports, and extensive delays between fisheries data collection and population assessment. Red grouper (Epinephelus morio) exhibit the distinctive behavior of digging holes and producing a unique sound during courtship. These behaviors can be used to identify red grouper distribution and potential spawning habitat over large spatial scales. The goal of this research was to provide a greater understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of red grouper sound production and holes on the central West Florida Shelf (WFS) using active sonar and passive acoustic recorders. The technology demonstrated here establishes the necessary methods to map shelf-scale fish sound production. The results of this work could aid resource managers in determining critical spawning times and areas. Over 403,000 acoustic recordings were made across an approximately 39,000 km2 area on the WFS during periods throughout 2008 to 2011 using stationary passive acoustic recorders and hydrophone-integrated gliders. A custom MySQL database with a portal to MATLAB was developed to catalogue and process the large acoustic dataset stored on a server. Analyses of these data determined the daily, seasonal and spatial patterns of red grouper as well as toadfish and several unconfirmed fish species termed: 100 Hz Pulsing, 6 kHz Sound, 300 Hz FM Harmonic, and 365 Hz Harmonic. Red grouper sound production was correlated to sunrise and sunset, and was primarily recorded in water 15 to 93 m deep, with increased calling within known hard bottom areas and in Steamboat Lumps Marine Reserve. Analyses of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry collected in a portion of the reserve in 2006 and 2009 allowed detailed documentation and characterization of holes excavated by red grouper. Comparisons of the spatially overlapping datasets suggested holes are constructed and maintained over time, and provided evidence towards an increase in spawning habitat usage. High rates of sound production recorded from stationary recorders and a glider deployment were correlated to high hole density in Steamboat Lumps. This research demonstrates the utility of coupling passive acoustic data with high-resolution bathymetric data to verify the occupation of suspected male territory (holes) and to provide a more complete understanding of effective spawning habitat. Annual peaks in calling (July and August, and November and December) did not correspond to spawning peaks (March - May); however, passive acoustic monitoring was established as an effective tool to identify areas of potential spawning activity by recording the presence of red grouper. Sounds produced by other species of fish were recorded in the passive acoustic dataset. The distribution of toadfish calls suggests two species (Opsanus beta and O. pardus) were recorded; the latter had not been previously described. The call characteristics and spatial distribution of the four unknown fish-related sounds can be used to help confirm the sources. Long-term PAM studies that provide systematic monitoring can be a valuable assessment tool for all soniferous species. Glider technology, due to a high rate of successful retrieval and low self-generated noise, was proven to be a reliable and relatively inexpensive method to collect fisheries acoustic data in the field. The implementation of regular deployments of hydrophone-integrated gliders and fixed location passive acoustic monitoring stations is suggested to enhance fisheries management.

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Schell, Chad Eric. "Advanced tracking algorithms for the study of fine scale fish behavior /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3076346.

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Symonds, Deanelle T. "Fish population and behavior revealed by instantaneous continental-shelf scale imaging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46492.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 221-229).
The application of a technique to instantaneously image and continuously monitor the abundance, spatial distribution, and behavior of fish populations over thousands of square kilometers using Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) is demonstrated with data from its first implementation in a 2003 field experiment off the US Continental Shelf south of Long Island, NY. Conventional methods for monitoring fish populations rely on highly-localized, point measurements made from slow-moving research vessels that survey along widely spaced line transects to cover the vast ocean environments that fish inhabit and so significantly under-sample fish populations in time and space. This leads to incomplete, ambiguous and highly-aliased records of fish abundance and behavior. In contrast, OAWRS surveys at a rate roughly one million times greater than that of conventional fish-finding methods. Within a minute and a half, OAWRS images the ocean environment over more than ten thousand square kilometers, an area similar to the state of Massachusetts. This is possible because OAWRS exploits the natural capacity of the continental-shelf environment to act as a waveguide where sound waves are efficiently propagated over long ranges (tens of kilometers) via trapped modes that suffer only cylindrical spreading loss rather than the spherical spreading loss suffered in the short-range (hundreds of meters), waterborne propagation paths employed by conventional fish-finding sonar (CFFS). In this thesis, a method is developed for estimating the instantaneous population density and abundance of fish populations from wide-area OAWRS imagery.
The OAWRS population density estimates are calibrated with simultaneous local CFFS measurements, and are used to estimate the expected scattering cross section of an individual fish at OAWRS frequencies so that population density may be estimated in regions where CFFS measurements were not made. It is shown that the OAWRS population density estimates have uncertainties of less than 25% at each pixel or spatial resolution cell, for statistically stationary populations. Instantaneous abundance estimates then have much lower uncertainties when OAWRS population density is integrated over tens to hundreds of independent spatial resolution cells by the law of large numbers. A number of discoveries are also documented about the instantaneous horizontal structural characteristics, temporal evolution, short-term volatile behavior and propagation of information in very large fish shoals containing tens of millions of fish and spanning several kilometers in spatial extent. The OAWRS approach should enable new abilities in the study and assessment of fish populations and their behavioral dynamics.
by Deanelle T. Symonds.
Ph.D.

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9

Porter, Spencer. "A prototype of a centimeter-scale biomimetic fish using buckypaper composite actuators." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/2181954.

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Thesis (Honors paper)--Florida State University, 2010.
Advisor: Dr. Richard Liang, Florida State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Industrial Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

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Wood, Robert J. "Synoptic scale climatic forcing of multispecies fish recruitment patterns in Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. http://web.vims.edu/library/Theses/Wood2000.pdf.

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Ertong, Berke, and Oskar Vilhelmson. "Small Fish in a Big Pond : A Strategy For Small-Scale Sustainable Fishing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297618.

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Cathcart, Charles Nathan. "Multi-scale distributions and movements of fish communities in tributaries to the San Juan River." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18227.

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Master of Science
Department of Biology
Keith B. Gido
Recognizing habitat needs of fishes across space and time is increasingly important for managing altered stream networks, such as in the Colorado River basin. Recent work on warm-water fishes suggest they might benefit from access to tributaries and their confluences. Fish movements or distributions within tributaries relative to distance from mainstem confluences in two streams with different network types (linear versus dendritic) were investigated in the San Juan River basin, USA. Upstream distance from the San Juan River resulted in species declines (Chaco Wash, linear network) or turnover (McElmo Creek, dendritic network). McElmo Creek movement patterns were likely attributed to spring spawning migrations of flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), spawning aggregations of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), foraging or refuge seeking by Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), and monsoon-related movements for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and razorback sucker. Razorback sucker and Colorado pikeminnow dominated movements at Chaco Wash, suggesting this backwater-like tributary supplied thermal or current refuge, foraging habitat, or both. Within McElmo Creek, a second study explored the importance of confluences by characterizing habitat use and movements of fishes at the junction of McElmo and Yellow Jacket creeks. Native fish dominated the confluence community composition. The reach downstream of the confluence had consistently higher abundances, species richness, and more frequent detections of tagged fishes relative to upstream reaches. Movement behaviors inferred by detection frequency of tagged fish among reaches surrounding the confluence differed among species. Small flannelmouth sucker (< 300 mm) and roundtail chub (Gila robusta) were commonly detected in Yellow Jacket Creek whereas large flannelmouth sucker (> 300 mm), bluehead sucker (C. discobolus), and channel catfish used McElmo Creek reaches. Monsoons increased McElmo Creek discharge which triggered upstream movements of channel catfish and displaced large flannelmouth sucker and bluehead sucker. Monsoons increased movements between McElmo and Yellow Jacket creeks by roundtail chub, small flannelmouth sucker, and black bullhead (Ameiurus melas). Combined, these two field studies emphasized using links between patterns and processes of tributary fish communities. Conservation, rehabilitation, and maintenance of connectivity and habitat heterogeneity at confluence zones likely can be a localized management strategy with expansive ecosystem effects.

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Yi, Dong Hoon. "Investigating group behavioral quantization of oceanic fish with Continental-shelf scale ocean-acoustic sensing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115671.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 177-194).
The recent fish population decline due to increased human presence has led to calls for predictive methods to help reverse or stabilize the situation. It has been difficult, however, to establish such methods primarily due to the technical obstacles in observing fish populations in natural habitats. Here we use acoustics to observe the ocean environment and study fish behavior during the critical spawning period over continental-shelf scales. Fish are known to be one of the main sources of strong natural returns in the continental-shelf environment, and so identified as a major source of clutter for wide-area undersea surveillance. The first continental-shelf scale acoustic measurements of Atlantic cod over thousands of square kilometers using towed source and receiver arrays were made by an international, multi-disciplinary team led by MIT researchers including myself in the historic Lofoten cod spawning ground in Norway during the peak spawning period in Winter 2014, where extensive but spatially discrete groups of spawning cod were successfully imaged. These initial instantaneous wide-area observations of cod aggregations suggest that these observed spawning groups have quantifiable properties that are linked to essential collective behavioral functions. We find that the mean group population per annual spawning season of Northeast Arctic cod over the entire spawning ground in Lofoten Norway is remarkably invariant across the available 30 years of line-transect survey data. The marked stability of the annual mean spawning group size in contrast to the large variations in total spawning population across years supports the interpretation of the expected spawning group size over the 30-year data set as the group behavioral quantum empirically expected for reliable spawning. Time series of the total Atlantic cod spawning population for major spawning regions across the North Atlantic show that once the total spawning population declined below a quantum, recovery to preindustrial levels did not occur in that region even after decades, which is an apparent consequence of large difference between the pre-industrial level and one quantum level. Quantized group behavior during spawning is also investigated for the Atlantic herring species. We find that the daily herring spawning group population is stable over the peak annual spawning period from wide-area acoustic measurements of spawning herring in the Gulf of Maine in Fall 2006. This supports the quantum concept that the mean spawning group population has evolved to a stable optimal size to fulfill the essential behavioral function of reliable spawning for Atlantic herring. As with cod, time series of the Atlantic herring spawning population for major spawning grounds across the North Atlantic show that when total spawning population declined below the empirically determined quantum level, return to pre-industrial levels required decades. Our findings show that to be sustained at pre-industrial levels the total spawning population must greatly exceed the mean spawning group size found at pre-industrial levels for any oceanic fish population we investigated, and likely many others. The migration of extensive social groups towards specific spawning grounds in vast and diverse ocean environments is an integral part of the regular spawning process of many oceanic fish species. Oceanic fish in such migrations typically seek locations with environmental parameters that maximize the probability of successful spawning and egg/larval survival. The 3D spatio-temporal dynamics of these behavioral processes are largely unknown due to technical difficulties in sensing the ocean environment over wide areas. Here we use ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (OAWRS) to instantaneously image immense herring groups over continental-shelf-scale areas at the Georges Bank spawning ground. Via multi-spectral OAWRS measurements, we capture a shift in swimbladder resonance peak correlated with the herring groups' up-slope spawning migration, enabling 3D spatial behavioral dynamics to be instantaneously inferred over thousands of square kilometers. We show that herring groups maintain near-bottom vertical distributions with negative buoyancy throughout the migration. We find a spatial correlation greater than 0.9 between the average herring group depth and corresponding seafloor depth for migratory paths along the bathymetric gradient. This is consistent with herring groups maintaining near-seafloor paths to both search for optimal spawning conditions and reduce the risk of predator attacks during the migration to shallower waters where near-surface predators are more dangerous. This analysis shows that multi-spectral resonance sensing with OAWRS can be used as an effective tool to instantaneously image and continuously monitor the behavioral dynamics of swimbladder-bearing fish group behavior in 3 spatial dimensions over continental-shelf scales. Recent research has found a high spatial and temporal correlation between certain baleen whale vocalizations and peak annual spawning processes of Atlantic herring in the Gulf of Maine. These vocalizations are apparently related to feeding activities of baleen whales with suggested functions that include communication, prey manipulation, and echolocation. Here the feasibility of the echolocation function is investigated. Physical limitations on the ability to detect large herring shoals and the seafloor by acoustic remote sensing are determined with ocean acoustic propagation, scattering, and statistical theories given baleen whale auditory parameters. Detection is found to be highly dependent on ambient noise conditions, herring shoal distributions, baleen whale time-frequency vocalization spectra, and geophysical parameters of the ocean waveguide. Detections of large herring shoals are found to be physically feasible in common Gulf of Maine herring spawning scenarios at up to 10 ± 6 km in range for humpback parameters and 1 ± 1 km for minke parameters but not for blue and fin parameters even at zero horizontal range. Detections of the seafloor are found to be feasible up to 2 ± 1 km for blue and humpback parameters and roughly 1 km for fin and minke parameters, suggesting that the whales share a common acoustic sensation of rudimentary features of the geophysical environment. No effect of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal vocalization behavior was found during our measurements. Some published statistical tests assessing the impact of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal behavior were found to have 98-100% false positive biases with no true positive confirmation, and so lack statistical significance.
by Dong Hoon Yi.
Ph. D.

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Bey, Clarissa Rachel. "Scale-Dependent Environmental Influences on Linked Mussel-Fish Assemblages in Big Darby Creek, OH." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376918254.

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Lehrter, Richard J. II. "Large-scale drivers of fish biodiversity differ across an environmentally variable Great Plains watershed." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38661.

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Master of Science
Department of Biology
Martha E. Mather
Understanding the empirical relationships between biotic diversity and components of the environment is crucial for effective research and management, particularly in highly disturbed watersheds. The Smoky Hill River is a semi-arid prairie stream with a historic native fish community that is adapted to the extreme and highly variable climatic and hydrological conditions characteristic of the Great Plains streams. Following a literature review on environmental variables, diversity responses, and analysis methods, I evaluated the importance of land use, flow, discontinuities (dams, confluences), and stream type (mainstem-tributary) variables in explaining fish richness using AICc model selection with multiple linear, Poisson and negative-binomial regressions. I then compared these results from 48 sites across three watershed regions to those from a long-term monitoring dataset (ST) using the same candidate variables. Finally, I examined phylogenetic patterns of the fish community using ordination analyses. Patterns and drivers of biodiversity differed with watershed region, land use, stream type, and flow. Fish species richness in the Smoky Hill watershed was negatively correlated with percent developed land in the Lower region of the watershed, but positively correlated with percent herbaceous grassland, the reference prairie condition, in the Upper region of the watershed. Summer mean flow was consistently and positively related to species richness in the Middle and Upper regions of the watershed where flow was limited. In the Lower region of the watershed, species richness was higher in the more flow-moderate tributaries relative to high-flow mainstem sites. In the Middle and Upper flow-limited regions, species richness was lower in the low-flow tributaries than main stem sites. Families of fish species were also related to region and stream type (mainstem vs. tributary). A comparison of two databases showed how different goals, questions, and methods result in different insights, emphasizing the need for establishing a priori goals before sampling.

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Chittaro, Paul M. "The effects of spatial scale on the structure of coral reef fish populations and assemblages." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0008/MQ52527.pdf.

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Robson, Andrea Lauren. "Implications of small-scale run-of-river hydropower schemes on fish populations in Scottish streams." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7183.

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In the past few years there has been a resurgence of interest in hydropower as a direct consequence of the UK government’s commitment to renewable energy and associated financial incentives. The majority of new schemes are run-of-river, which have no significant storage of water, the turbine only making use of the available flow at the site. Hydropower is often presented as a clean and renewable energy, and thus portrayed as having no negative impacts on the environment. However this description has been challenged by numerous authors who consider the impacts on fish and other biota as significant, particularly on salmonid fish populations in relation to migration. This study investigated the implications of small-scale run-of-river hydropower schemes on fish populations in Scottish streams. In these schemes, water is abstracted from an intake above a mall weir to drive a turbine before the water is returned to the watercourse at a downstream location. Abstracted water is channelled down a pipeline to the turbines in a powerhouse before release at the outfall position; this results in a depleted reach. The term “depleted reach” refers to the stretch of river between the intake and outfall of high-head run-of-river hydropower schemes that experiences reduced flow due to abstraction. The main impact in the depleted reach is a reduction in the amount of water, leading to associated changes in habitat including important spawning/nursery areas. The main impact upstream of the intake is reduced access because of the intake weir, which may be exacerbated by the reduction in the amount of water downstream. Therefore, impacts can be observed upstream of an intake (barrier effect), upstream and downstream of an intake (barrier and abstraction effect) and downstream of an intake (abstraction effect). In total, ten schemes were included within this study; five with extensive pre-and post-monitoring and a further five that were considered to have less extensive data. At Kinnaird Burn, Keltney Burn and Innerhadden Burn, salmonid populations varied over the study period. Densities of fish varied both within and outside the depleted reaches, therefore, the inter annual variations in salmonid densities made it difficult to detect any impacts, specifically in response to commissioning of the hydropower schemes, when comparing before/after and control/impact data, despite having extensive pre- and post-commissioning data. It was difficult to detect any impacts of the Ardvorlich Burn, Douglas Water, Camserney Burn and Allt Gleann Da-Eig hydropower schemes on fish densities due to the limitations of the data sets, including a lack of baseline and post-commissioning data and control sites to account for temporal and spatial variations in the fish populations. Consequently, confident conclusions could not be drawn. In the River Callop, 0+ salmonid densities declined at several sites in the depleted reach post hydropower commissioning. However, a lack of spatial and temporal data made it difficult to conclude whether the decline was in response to the hydropower scheme or natural variability. At Rottal Burn and Inverhaggernie Burn, a reduction in ≥1+ and 0+ salmon density respectively, was observed in the depleted reach, post hydropower commissioning. These declines were not reflected in the fish densities at the control site downstream of the depleted reach and thus suggest an impact of flow regulation. The meta-analysis of historical data and subsequent monitoring raised issues about the Environmental Impact Assessment strategies on some of the schemes. Therefore the concerns that existing sampling protocols and impact assessments are inadequate to provide robust, defensible information about the impact of small-scale run-of-river hydropower schemes on fisheries, was upheld. A proposed survey protocol was developed using Before After Control Impact analysis that is intended to answer this need and to be used in conjunction with appropriate guidance documents provided by the regulatory agencies, such as the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (2010) “Guidance for developers of run-of-river hydropower schemes” and the Environment Agency (2009a) “Good practice guidelines to the Environment Agency hydropower handbook”.

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Schuchert, Pia Christiane. "Modelling Large Scale Coral Reef Fish and Benthic Community Structures in a Subsistence Fishing Environment." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519443.

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Webb, David. "A geography of small-scale capture fishing and aquaculture in Limbon-Limbon and Pipindan, two fishing villages on Laguna de Bay, Philippines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240070.

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Plath, Martin, Bernd Hermann, Christine Schröder, Rüdiger Riesch, Michael Tobler, de León Francisco J. García, Ingo Schlupp, and Ralph Tiedemann. "Locally adapted fish populations maintain small-scale genetic differentiation despite perturbation by a catastrophic flood event." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4859/.

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Background: Local adaptation to divergent environmental conditions can promote population genetic differentiation even in the absence of geographic barriers and hence, lead to speciation. Perturbations by catastrophic events, however, can distort such parapatric ecological speciation processes. Here, we asked whether an exceptionally strong flood led to homogenization of gene pools among locally adapted populations of the Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae) in the Cueva del Azufre system in southern Mexico, where two strong environmental selection factors (darkness within caves and/or presence of toxic H2S in sulfidic springs) drive the diversification of P. mexicana. Nine nuclear microsatellites as well as heritable female life history traits (both as a proxy for quantitative genetics and for trait divergence) were used as markers to compare genetic differentiation, genetic diversity, and especially population mixing (immigration and emigration) before and after the flood. Results: Habitat type (i.e., non-sulfidic surface, sulfidic surface, or sulfidic cave), but not geographic distance was the major predictor of genetic differentiation. Before and after the flood, each habitat type harbored a genetically distinct population. Only a weak signal of individual dislocation among ecologically divergent habitat types was uncovered (with the exception of slightly increased dislocation from the Cueva del Azufre into the sulfidic creek, El Azufre). By contrast, several lines of evidence are indicative of increased flood-induced dislocation within the same habitat type, e.g., between different cave chambers of the Cueva del Azufre. Conclusions: The virtual absence of individual dislocation among ecologically different habitat types indicates strong natural selection against migrants. Thus, our current study exemplifies that ecological speciation in this and other systems, in which extreme environmental factors drive speciation, may be little affected by temporary perturbations, as adaptations to physico-chemical stressors may directly affect the survival probability in divergent habitat types.

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21

Mitchell, Rebecca E. "Large scale influence of fishing, fish and habitat on sea urchin abundance on Fijian coral reefs." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401620.

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22

Phosa, Moatladi Jacob. "Contribution of small scale fish farming subsector to rural income generation in Thulamela Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2423.

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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2018
The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of small-scale fish farming sub-sector to rural income generation in Thulamela Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa.The study applied a qualitative method to collect data from individual respondents of same characteristics using the semi-structured interview involving 15 small scale fish farmers. The findings from the study revealed that in terms of gender, more men were participating in the fish farming sector than women. About 73 percent of the total participants were men as compared to 27 percent of women participating in fish farming. In terms of age, a large proportion of farmers were men and women within the age range of 41-50 years and above 50 years who participated more actively in fish farming than other age groups. The results revealed some challenges and constraints characterised by theft of fish by community members, fish-eating birds or predators, poor access to funding, expensive fish feed, unavailability of fish feed, shortage of land, lack of proper infrastructure, and insufficient water supply during the drought period. As part of recommendations, some interventions should be developed to address the constraints and challenges revealed in the study. Small-scale fish farmers should be assisted to have access to proper infrastructure, boreholes to supplement available water during the dry season, fish feed, the agricultural market, land and other resources for fish farming.

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23

Lange, Marc. "Abundance And Diversity Of Fish In Relation To Littoral And Shoreline Features." Thesis, University of Guelph, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71522.

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The effects of small-scale shoreline residential development on littoral fish abundance and species richness was examined at three different scales of observation (within 122, 244, and 488 meters) in Lake Simcoe (Ontario, Canada). A mixed model regression was used to test for effects of development after accounting for seasonal and spatial variation in environmental variables known to affect distribution and abundance of fish. Fish were aggregated near single development structures, such as permanent docks, and repelled from other single structures, such as bank stabilisation. Shoreline developed with multiple features, such as docks combined with break walls, tended to be positively correlated with fish abundance but negatively correlated with species richness. Features such as docks and break walls combined with boathouses were generally associated with a decrease in both abundance and richness. Cluster analysis detected no consistent pattern of association between specific fish assemblages and residential development across the three scales of observation. Increased density and diversity of shoreline residential development tended to be associated with reduced fish abundance and species richness. The specific development features associated with these patterns change with the scale of observation, indicating that fish responded to proximally and distantly located habitat alterations.

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24

Ciannelli, Lorenzo. "Cross-scale analysis of the Pribilof Archipelago, southeast Bering Sea, with a focus on age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5292.

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25

Winkelmann, Carola. "Predation effects of benthivorous fish on stream food webs – a large scale and long term field experiment." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1219311896723-68232.

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It is a widely accepted assumption that fish predation controls structure and functioning of aquatic food webs. In the past, however, a large part of effort was concentrated on lakes and reservoirs. Thus, the knowledge about stream ecosystems is much more rudimentary than that for lakes in this respect. The aim of this thesis, therefore, was to describe and assess the effects of fish predation in natural stream ecosystems. For that purpose a reach scale field experiment was set up using an experimental stretch with benthivorous fish and a fishless reference stretch. A wide range of effects of the fish predators on their stream invertebrates prey was studied. To discriminate between lethal and sublethal predation effects, measuring the physiological status of the organisms seemed promising. However, before it was possible to decide whether or not environmental stress, such as predation, might affect the physiological status, the internal control as well as the seasonal and species-specific variability of the energy amount stored had to be assessed. Thus, the concentration and seasonal dynamics of the major energy storage components triglycerides and glycogen were measured in two species of mayflies (Rhithrogena semicolorata and Ephemera danica) with contrasting life cycle strategies. E. danica is a burrowing, semivoltine collector-gatherer, R. semicolorata is univoltine and scrapes periphyton from stones. Although triglycerides are the major energy reserve in both species throughout the whole larval development (> 84 % of total energy storage) their seasonal dynamic differed considerably. In R. semicolorata the triglyceride concentration declined during the last weeks prior to emergence in both sexes. The same pattern was found in female larvae of E. danica, but not in male E. danica. It is suggested that females use triglycerides in the last larval stages for egg maturation, which is completed in the last larval instar. In male E. danica the triglyceride concentrations remained high until emergence, presumably due to their high energy demands as adults for their swarming flights and mating. The difference in seasonal variation of triglycerides between E. danica and R. semicolorata shows the influence of environmental factors on the dynamics of storage components. E. danica lived in a very stable environment (within the substratum). Therefore the dynamic of energy storage components was optimised with respect to maximal reproduction. R. semicolorata on the other hand, suffered from hostile environmental factors such as predation or food limitation due to low periphyton biomass after leaf sprout and following light limitation in spring. Consequently, the concentration of storage components decreased during spring. One conclusion from this study was that the measurement of storage components might reveal sublethal predation effects. However, season and sex of the organisms are important factors as well and have to be considered in the sampling design. To analyse sublethal predation effects behavioural changes due to the presence of benthivorous fish were measured. Drift as a low-energy cost means of migration may enable stream invertebrates to leave risky habitats or may even be a direct escape reaction after a predator encounter. While the control of drift activity by predators has received considerable interest from many researchers, it remains still unclear whether predators reduce or increase drift activity. Drift activity of stream invertebrates was influenced significantly by the presence or absence the two benthivorous fish species gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and stone loach (Barbatula barbatula). Contrary to previous studies gudgeon and stone loach reduced invertebrate drift density and drift activity of Baetis rhodani rather than inducing higher night-time drift. Further, species composition of the invertebrate drift differed significantly between the two stretches. A further conclusion from this study is therefore that drift is not generally a mechanism of active escape from benthos-feeding fish, as previously assumed. In addition, the reduced drift activity in the fish stretch might result in a compensation of the consumptive losses due to fish predation. Thus, in this study design the effects of fish predation on invertebrate community might be underestimated. To detect predation effects on the food web structure the reactions of the grazing mayfly Rhithrogena semicolorata and the shredding amphipod Gammarus pulex to strong predation by benthivorous fish were compared. It has been hypothesised that shredders are generally less vulnerable to fish predation and therefore less likely to be predation-controlled than grazers, because the latter are visible to the predators during their feeding on stone surfaces, while shredders may hide between leaves during foraging. Biomass of G. pulex was significantly reduced in the fish stretch while that of R. semicolorata was not. Since approximately 91 % of the annual production of G. pulex but only 12 % of R. semicolorata production was consumed by benthivorous gudgeon, the observed difference of G. pulex biomass between the fish and reference reach is likely due to a lethal predation effect. However, no sublethal predation effects such as reduced concentration of storage components (triglycerides, glycogen) or reduced reproductive success were observed for both species. Hence, in contrast to the initial hypothesis, in the studied stream the shredder was top-down-controlled, while the grazer was not. It is concluded that top-down control depends on the ecological characteristics of a specific predator-prey pair rather than on trophic guild of the prey. To assess the predation effects on the life history of merolimnic insects and its consequences on fecundity the larval development and emergence of R. semicolorata was studied. It was possible to show lethal and sublethal effects of predation by benthivorous fish (Gobio gobio, Barbatula barbatula). Predation consequently resulted in changes of larval development and population fitness. The presence of two benthivorous fish species (gudgeon and stone loach) led to slower larval development and a delayed emergence. However, no differences in the adult size and fecundity between the fish reach and the reference were observed. Nevertheless, the longer time spent in the larval phase resulted in a higher mortality and therefore in a lower mean population fitness. The presence of gudgeon alone, however, did not seem to influence larval development, growth or time of emergence and consequently fecundity. Further, strong lethal impact of gudgeon could not be detected. Thus, the population fitness measured as the product of adult density and egg number was not reduced by gudgeon alone. It is assumed that the stronger lethal impact in the combined fish experiment is caused mainly by stone loach because the proportion of mayfly consumption by stone loach to mayfly production shortly before emergence was higher than the proportion related to gudgeon. Thus another conclusion is that 1) the impact of predation seems to differ for the fish species and 2) lethal effects have a stronger impact on the population survival than life history changes. Combining the results mentioned above leads to the assumption that predation by benthivorous fish has the potential to shape invertebrate communities and food webs in streams. It was possible to show reductions of benthic densities and mean population fitness. The strength of trophic interactions seemed to be specific for the single predator-prey pairs here. Finally, it can be stated that contrary to previous assumptions consumption of the fish predators seemed to be more important for the prey populations than sublethal predation effects.

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26

Winkelmann, Carola. "Predation effects of benthivorous fish on stream food webs – a large scale and long term field experiment." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23819.

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It is a widely accepted assumption that fish predation controls structure and functioning of aquatic food webs. In the past, however, a large part of effort was concentrated on lakes and reservoirs. Thus, the knowledge about stream ecosystems is much more rudimentary than that for lakes in this respect. The aim of this thesis, therefore, was to describe and assess the effects of fish predation in natural stream ecosystems. For that purpose a reach scale field experiment was set up using an experimental stretch with benthivorous fish and a fishless reference stretch. A wide range of effects of the fish predators on their stream invertebrates prey was studied. To discriminate between lethal and sublethal predation effects, measuring the physiological status of the organisms seemed promising. However, before it was possible to decide whether or not environmental stress, such as predation, might affect the physiological status, the internal control as well as the seasonal and species-specific variability of the energy amount stored had to be assessed. Thus, the concentration and seasonal dynamics of the major energy storage components triglycerides and glycogen were measured in two species of mayflies (Rhithrogena semicolorata and Ephemera danica) with contrasting life cycle strategies. E. danica is a burrowing, semivoltine collector-gatherer, R. semicolorata is univoltine and scrapes periphyton from stones. Although triglycerides are the major energy reserve in both species throughout the whole larval development (> 84 % of total energy storage) their seasonal dynamic differed considerably. In R. semicolorata the triglyceride concentration declined during the last weeks prior to emergence in both sexes. The same pattern was found in female larvae of E. danica, but not in male E. danica. It is suggested that females use triglycerides in the last larval stages for egg maturation, which is completed in the last larval instar. In male E. danica the triglyceride concentrations remained high until emergence, presumably due to their high energy demands as adults for their swarming flights and mating. The difference in seasonal variation of triglycerides between E. danica and R. semicolorata shows the influence of environmental factors on the dynamics of storage components. E. danica lived in a very stable environment (within the substratum). Therefore the dynamic of energy storage components was optimised with respect to maximal reproduction. R. semicolorata on the other hand, suffered from hostile environmental factors such as predation or food limitation due to low periphyton biomass after leaf sprout and following light limitation in spring. Consequently, the concentration of storage components decreased during spring. One conclusion from this study was that the measurement of storage components might reveal sublethal predation effects. However, season and sex of the organisms are important factors as well and have to be considered in the sampling design. To analyse sublethal predation effects behavioural changes due to the presence of benthivorous fish were measured. Drift as a low-energy cost means of migration may enable stream invertebrates to leave risky habitats or may even be a direct escape reaction after a predator encounter. While the control of drift activity by predators has received considerable interest from many researchers, it remains still unclear whether predators reduce or increase drift activity. Drift activity of stream invertebrates was influenced significantly by the presence or absence the two benthivorous fish species gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and stone loach (Barbatula barbatula). Contrary to previous studies gudgeon and stone loach reduced invertebrate drift density and drift activity of Baetis rhodani rather than inducing higher night-time drift. Further, species composition of the invertebrate drift differed significantly between the two stretches. A further conclusion from this study is therefore that drift is not generally a mechanism of active escape from benthos-feeding fish, as previously assumed. In addition, the reduced drift activity in the fish stretch might result in a compensation of the consumptive losses due to fish predation. Thus, in this study design the effects of fish predation on invertebrate community might be underestimated. To detect predation effects on the food web structure the reactions of the grazing mayfly Rhithrogena semicolorata and the shredding amphipod Gammarus pulex to strong predation by benthivorous fish were compared. It has been hypothesised that shredders are generally less vulnerable to fish predation and therefore less likely to be predation-controlled than grazers, because the latter are visible to the predators during their feeding on stone surfaces, while shredders may hide between leaves during foraging. Biomass of G. pulex was significantly reduced in the fish stretch while that of R. semicolorata was not. Since approximately 91 % of the annual production of G. pulex but only 12 % of R. semicolorata production was consumed by benthivorous gudgeon, the observed difference of G. pulex biomass between the fish and reference reach is likely due to a lethal predation effect. However, no sublethal predation effects such as reduced concentration of storage components (triglycerides, glycogen) or reduced reproductive success were observed for both species. Hence, in contrast to the initial hypothesis, in the studied stream the shredder was top-down-controlled, while the grazer was not. It is concluded that top-down control depends on the ecological characteristics of a specific predator-prey pair rather than on trophic guild of the prey. To assess the predation effects on the life history of merolimnic insects and its consequences on fecundity the larval development and emergence of R. semicolorata was studied. It was possible to show lethal and sublethal effects of predation by benthivorous fish (Gobio gobio, Barbatula barbatula). Predation consequently resulted in changes of larval development and population fitness. The presence of two benthivorous fish species (gudgeon and stone loach) led to slower larval development and a delayed emergence. However, no differences in the adult size and fecundity between the fish reach and the reference were observed. Nevertheless, the longer time spent in the larval phase resulted in a higher mortality and therefore in a lower mean population fitness. The presence of gudgeon alone, however, did not seem to influence larval development, growth or time of emergence and consequently fecundity. Further, strong lethal impact of gudgeon could not be detected. Thus, the population fitness measured as the product of adult density and egg number was not reduced by gudgeon alone. It is assumed that the stronger lethal impact in the combined fish experiment is caused mainly by stone loach because the proportion of mayfly consumption by stone loach to mayfly production shortly before emergence was higher than the proportion related to gudgeon. Thus another conclusion is that 1) the impact of predation seems to differ for the fish species and 2) lethal effects have a stronger impact on the population survival than life history changes. Combining the results mentioned above leads to the assumption that predation by benthivorous fish has the potential to shape invertebrate communities and food webs in streams. It was possible to show reductions of benthic densities and mean population fitness. The strength of trophic interactions seemed to be specific for the single predator-prey pairs here. Finally, it can be stated that contrary to previous assumptions consumption of the fish predators seemed to be more important for the prey populations than sublethal predation effects.

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27

Cox-Rogers, Steven Frank. "Racial analysis of Skeena River steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) by scale pattern features." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24598.

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The feasibility of using freshwater and first marine year scale patterns to identify component stocks of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) in the Skeena River was investigated. Scale samples and sex and size data were attained from adult steelhead originating from five Skeena River tributaries (Zymoetz, Kispiox, Morice-Bulkley, Babine, Sustut) over a series of different years. Adult scale samples were also collected from the 1984 incidental steelhead catch in the Area 4 commercial salmon fishery for potential stock classification purposes. Significant differences in scale pattern growth, age composition, and sizes at age were found between the five Skeena River steelhead stocks. Linear discriminant function analysis indicated that the five stocks could be classified to correct river of origin with between 45% and 62% average classification accuracy (range Zymoetz 29%-60%, Kispiox 35%-60%, Morice-Bulkley 44%-76%, Babine 54%-64%, Sustut 56%-72%) depending upon the classification model used. Juvenile morphometric analysis for three of the stocks (Kispiox, Morice-Bulkley, Zymoetz) indicated the presence of significant between stock differences in standardized body form. These results support the notion that Skeena River steelhead exist as quantifiably discrete stocks. Classifying the 1984 mixed stock commercial fishery catches to probable stock of origin indicated that distinct peaks of stock abundance and run-timing occur through the fishery. In general, Morice-Bulkley and Sustut River steelhead were predicted to be most abundant with run-timings during the earlier portions of the fishery. Kispiox, Babine, and Zymoetz River steelhead were predicted to be less abundant with later run-timings through the fishery. Potential commercial fishery impacts to steelhead are briefly discussed. These observations suggest that the technique of scale patterns is a feasible method for stock separation in Skeena River steelhead. Further study is required to clarify yearly variance in the technique and to better establish stock specific differences.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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28

Henebry, Michael Lee. "Biological and Ecological Trait Associations and Analysis of Spatial and Intraspecific Variation in Fish Traits." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33894.

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Traits provide an informative approach to examine species-environment interactions. Often, species-by-species approaches are inefficient to generate generalizable ecological relationships and do not predict species responses to environmental changes based on specific traits species possess. Multiple lines of inquiry and multi-scale approaches are best for assessing environment-trait responses. This thesis examines important questions not specifically addressed before in traits-based research. Chapter one explores biological and ecological trait associations incorporating ontogenetic diet shifts for New River fishes. Niche shift analysis as a chapter one sub-objective quantitatively support where species-specific diet shifts likely occur. Strong biological-ecological trait associations, some intuitive and others not so intuitive, were found that relate biological structure to ecological function. Improved understanding of trait associations, including what factors influence others, supports inference of ecology of fishes. Chapters two and three examine spatial and intraspecific trait variability. Chapter two specifically examines large-scale life history trait variability along latitudinal gradients for twelve widely distributed fish species, including directionality of trait variation, and hypothesizing how optimal traits change with large-scale environmental factors. Strong positive and negative patterns found include average total length of newly hatched larvae, average total length at maturation, average spawning temperature, average egg diameter, and maximum length. These five traits are correlated with other adaptive attributes (i.e. growth rate, reproductive output, and longevity/population turnover rate). In contrast to latitudinal scale, Chapter three examines trait variability of white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) and fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare) as a function of small-watershed scale spatial factors and anthropogenic disturbance. Toms Creek and Chestnut Creek white sucker and fantail darter displayed positive response to disturbance, contrary to past studies. Lower resource competition, and / or competitive exclusion of fishes with similar niche requirements are possible mechanisms. All three objectives support understanding of trait association and variability as a useful foundation in ecological applications and for formulating plans for conservation and management of species.
Master of Science

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29

Schmidt, Nicholas C. "The effect of bait on fine-scale habitat associations of reef fish investigated with remote underwater video systems." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68380.

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Establishing the associations between fish and their habitats can aid in the monitoring of fish stocks and the design of effective marine protected areas (MPAs). Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs) are now commonly used to asses fish populations. The habitats seen in the video footage of stereo-BRUVs can be used to link fish fauna to preferred habitat types. However, the application of bait potentially attracts fish from surrounding habitats, and might result in a biased understanding of fish–habitat associations. A field study was conducted in the Tsitsikamma National Park MPA to determine the effect of bait on fine-scale fish–habitat associations, using remote photographic and video methods. The study was conducted over the summer season of 2015 and 2016. Data were collected within a 1x1 km shallow (9–44 m) reef complex. Within the sampling area, 944 photo-quadrats of the macrobenthos were taken 30 m apart by means of a drop camera. By separating the macrobenthos into broad taxonomic groups, five habitat types were identified, namely Shallow Sand, Shallow Reef, Deep Reef, Deep Sand and Patch Reef. The results show that even on a fine scale, depth is an important predictor of macrobenthic distribution and assemblage structure. Baited (stereo-BRUVs) and unbaited (stereo-RUVs) surveys were then conducted to sample the fish community in the same area during the period under study. Higher abundances of fish were observed in reef than in sandy habitats, and bait was seen to have a positive effect on species richness and fish abundance. When comparing habitats, fish abundance and composition on reef habitats were significantly different from sand habitats. This was observed in both the stereo-RUVs and stereo-BRUVs methods. High counts of roman (Chrysoblephus laticeps), fransmadam (Boopsoidea inornata) and steentjie (Spondyliosoma emarginatum) in reef habitats were contrasted by high counts of white sea catfish (Galeichthys feliceps), evil-eye puffer (Amblyrhynchotes honckenii) and lesser guitarfish (Rhinecanthus annulatus) in sandy habitats. Overall, the underlying patterns in fish diversity recorded with the two video methods were generally comparable. However, stereo-RUVs appeared to be unable to detect species that were present in sand habitats, while stereo-BRUVs increased the number and abundance of species recorded in all habitat types. In the stereo-RUVs footage, differences between reef habitats were dampened by the presence of highly abundant fish species. In the stereo-BRUVs footage, although bait appeared to have an effect on the observed fish assemblage, this manifested in an increase in species richness, higher fish abundances and a better overall ability to detect fish–habitat relationships. As such, stereo-BRUVs are considered a robust, effective and recommended method for detecting fish–habitat relationships, even over a fine scale.

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30

Takagi, Junichi. "Development and application of a fine-scale positioning method for the observation of movement behaviour of fish schools." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235114.

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31

McCollum, Donna s. "LANDSCAPE AND LOCAL INFLUENCES ON THE BIOTIC INTEGRITY OF FISH COMMUNITIES IN OHIO HEADWATER STREAMS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1091819607.

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32

Kautza, Adam Robert. "Ecological and management implications of multi-scale environmental influences on stream fish assemblages: evidence from Ohio and Idaho, USA." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306782461.

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33

Aver, Maximiliano. "Análise do uso de chapas de aço baixo carbono produzidas via aciaria elétrica para indústria da esmaltação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180326.

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Apesar da esmaltação de aços ser uma técnica de recobrimento inorgânico amplamente conhecida a aparentemente bem dominada, não são poucos os desafios técnicos que se apresentam tanto para os siderurgistas como para os esmaltadores para se produzir um produto final de qualidade aceitável. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de recobrimento da superfície de dois aços baixo carbono, um aço do tipo I e outro do tipo II de acordo com a norma americana ASTM A424/424M. O aço do tipo I, amplamente conhecido e utilizado pela indústria esmaltadora, foi produzido por aciaria convencional do tipo BOF, laminado a frio em cadeira de laminação do tipo tandem e descarburizado. Enquanto que o aço do tipo II foi produzido por aciaria elétrica do tipo EAF, laminado a frio em cadeira de laminação duo reverso e recozido. Neste trabalho, a performance do recobrimento do substrato metálico do aço do tipo II é focada nos parâmetros qualitativos da camada esmaltada tais como sua espessura, rugosidade, aderência ao metal base e evolução gasosa resultante do processo de cura do esmalte (“firing”). Os testes de esmaltação das amostras foram realizados em uma unidade industrial esmaltadora independente utilizando-se o processo de deposição via úmido e via seco, com a aplicação de dois esmaltes comerciais distintos. As variáveis e práticas do processo de esmaltação utilizadas foram as mesmas estabelecidas para um processo produtivo normal, da preparação superficial e técnica de aplicação de esmalte ao processo de cura do esmalte num tradicional forno elétrico de passagem to tipo “U”. Para a determinação da qualidade do esmalte aderido utilizou-se o teste de queda e para a determinação da evolução gasosa utilizou-se a verificação macroscópica de dois defeitos conhecidos como “outgassing” e “fish scale”. Os resultados obtidos são avaliados em função dos parâmetros e requisitos de qualidade atribuídos pelo esmaltador.
Although enameling steel is a well-known inorganic technique which has been used for many years, there are still several technical challenges faced by both steel making industry and enamelers professionals on producing high quality enameled parts. This work presents the enameling performance evaluation of two low carbon steel grades, one categorized as type I and the other one as type II as per American standard ASTM A424/424M. The type I steel grade, which has been successfully used by enamelers for years, it has been produced through a BOF operation, being cold reduced through a tanden mill and open coil annealed. The type II steel grade has been produced by an EAF operation, being cold reduced through a duo reversing mill stand being batch annealled. On this work, the performance of the coating layer applied over the type II steel substrate has been evaluated focusing on the enamel quality parameters such as its thickness, roughness, adhesion and gassing generated along the glass cure process (firing). The enameling trials have been made at an independent enameler facility where two distinct types of commercial glasses have been selected being applied in both wet and dry methods of deposition. The enameling process variables and operational practices used for the trials were similar to those used for a regular enameling production line, from the cleaning and glass deposition techniques to the glass firing process using an open U-type electrical furnace. The quality of glass adhesion has been determined by the standard impact test and for the evolving gases determination a macroscopic analysis of “outgassing” and “fish scale” as surface defects have been considered. The achieved results are taken under the quality premises required by the enameler.

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34

Venu, Vrinda [Verfasser], and Felicity [Akademischer Betreuer] Jones. "Genomic insights into fine-scale recombination variation in adaptively diverging threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) / Vrinda Venu ; Betreuer: Felicity Jones." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/120783114X/34.

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35

Cockrell, Marcy Lynn. "Spatial Dynamics and Productivity of a Gulf of Mexico Commercial Reef Fish Fishery Following Large Scale Disturbance and Management Change." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7611.

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The Gulf of Mexico commercial reef fish fishery has experienced significant management changes and disturbance in recent years, including transitioning two major fisheries from a traditional open access system into a limited entry individual fishing quota (IFQ) system in 2007 and 2010. Also in 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH) released an estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf (~206 million U.S. gallons), and is still the largest U.S. environmental disaster to date. Emergency fishing closures initiated shortly after the oil spill began were successful in keeping tainted seafood from reaching markets. However, effects of DWH closures on fisher decision making, fishery productivity, and distribution of fishing effort all remain poorly understood. Understanding the range and magnitude of fishers’ responses to perturbations — including regulatory change and human-induced environmental disasters — is critical for designing effective management and disaster response policies that can meet biological, ecological, economic, social, and sustainability objectives. This work characterized the spatial and temporal patterns of productivity and fishing effort for the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) commercial reef fish fishery. Patterns of productivity and effort distribution were used to examine the response of fishers to management change and large-scale disturbance, namely the DWH fishing closures. Fisheries-dependent logbook trip reports were used to quantify revenue and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) patterns from 2000-2014. Novel to fisheries work in the GoM, complementary vessel monitoring systems (VMS) satellite tracking data were used to quantify high-resolution spatial distribution patterns over time, relative to the DWH fishing closures. A general linear modeling (GLM) approach was also used to examine which variables may have contributed to resilience of fishers after DWH closures. Results suggested that this fishery was largely resilient to the DWH fishing closures in 2010, although exact outcomes varied by region. Overall fleet-level productivity steadily increased over time, but regional patterns were based on major species in catch. Productivity in the western GoM was consistently highest over time, and trips in the west and central GoM were dominated by Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) and Vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens). Trips in the east were dominated by Red grouper (Epinephelus morio) and Gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis). Shifts in spatial distribution to new productive fishing grounds or reduced competition via fewer vessels or trips may explain the increases in productivity observed over the study period. Consolidation in the fleet was apparent, with fewer individual vessels and fewer total trips over time. However, the rate of vessel drop out after DWH (5%) was far below the annual background attrition rate of ~14-20%. Relative productivity patterns inside vs. outside the boundaries of fishing closures did not change over time, and there were even some increases in productivity observed during and after DWH in the eastern GoM. Yet, vessels that dropped out after DWH were concentrated in the north-central and eastern GoM. Distribution of fishing grounds before and after DWH were highly similar, and there were increases in effort along the outer West Florida Shelf. Variability in revenue and CPUE, CPUE magnitude, and magnitude of grouper landings were significant predictors of dropping out of the fishery in the GLMs. Synergies with the Red snapper or Grouper-Tilefish IFQs may have “primed” the fishery for resilience by eliminating inconsistent or marginal fishers before the oil spill, and may further explain some of the spatially varying patterns of productivity and attrition after 2010. Resilience was likely also enhanced by the more than $2 billion in emergency compensation payments made to captains, crew, and vessel owners for lost fishing income and assistance with oil remediation efforts. This work stands to make a significant contribution to our understanding of how the DWH oil spill impacted fisheries and communities in the GoM. The results add to a growing body of literature suggesting that the acute population- and ecosystem-level impacts of the DWH oil spill were not as strong or severe as initially anticipated. This work also stands to make contributions to the broader understanding of how this fishery has performed in the wake of recent management change and major environmental disturbance.

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Alford, John Brian. "Development of a multi-scale management perspective for wadeable stream fisheries in Mississippi." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06032008-164744.

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Odom, Jennifer Fletcher. "Fine-scale geographic variation of stable isotope and fatty acid signatures of three fish species in the Indian River Lagoon, FL." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5358.

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The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, is a unique closed “bar built” estuary system that has little interchange with the Atlantic Ocean and which is home to many resident species. Three fish species were investigated to see if their isotopic and fatty acid signatures differed based on geographic location. The goal was to assess the degree of resolution of spatial variation that is possible when using stable isotope and fatty acid signature analysis to interpret feeding habits and potential linkages between feeding habits and health status. Spotted seatrout (n=40), pinfish (n=60) and white mullet (n=60) were collected over a 4 week period at sites 30 km apart in two distinct biogeographic regions of the IRL. Fish were analyzed for stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty acid composition. All three species were significantly different from each other in both isotopic and fatty acid signatures. In the North Indian River segment, spotted seatrout, white mullet and pinfish had mean values (± SE) for δ13C of -18.00 ± 0.08, -14.59 ± 0.07 and -16.88 ± 0.04 respectively and for δ15N, mean values were 14.43 ± 0.05, 8.30 ± 0.04 and 10.43 ± 0.03 respectively. For the North-Central Indian River segment, spotted seatrout, white mullet and pinfish had mean values for δ13C of -18.98 ± 0.02, -16.25 ±0.06 and -16.94 ± 0.04 respectively and for δ15N, mean values were 14.21 ± 0.02, 8.07 ± 0.03 and 10.64 ±0.03 respectively. When species and location interactions were examined using ANCOVA, a post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test showed that δ13C was significantly affected by sampling segment only for spotted seatrout and that there was no significant effect of location on δ15N values. Spotted seatrout was the only species that differed between segments for δ13C. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was then performed on the “extended dietary fatty acids” for each individual species and collection location. In this analysis, all three species were correctly identified to segment (white mullet - MR 2/53 p~ 0.03; spotted seatrout (MR 0/40), and pinfish (MR 0/56) indicating that individual species were exhibiting significant differences in their fatty acid signature over distances of 30 km. The ability to discern fine-scale differences in potential prey allows for the possibility of better resolution of dolphin feeding habits and hence a better understanding of both habitat utilization and health impacts. Due to limited exchange of clean salt water, contaminants can theoretically become a problem and there are indications that the health of the resident population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) has been declining over recent years.
ID: 031001322; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Graham Worthy.; Title from PDF title page (viewed April 1, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-53).
M.S.
Masters
Biology
Sciences
Biology

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Aung, Yee Mon [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Zeller. "An economic analysis of fish demand and livelihood outcomes of small-scale aquaculture in Myanmar / Yee Mon Aung ; Betreuer: Manfred Zeller." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235068617/34.

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Santos, Rolando O. "Linkage Between Mangrove Fish Community and Nearshore Benthic Habitats in Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA: A Seascape Approach." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/214.

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The role of mangroves as essential fish habitat has been a focus of extensive research. However, recent evidence has shown that this role should not be evaluated in isolation from surrounding habitats such as seagrass beds and hard-bottom communities. For example, submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) communities provide potential sources of food and shelter for fish species that may reside in the mangroves, but may also undergo ontogenetic migrations and daily home-range movements into neighboring habitats. The connectivity between the mangrove fish community and the surrounding seascape may be influenced by the level of patchiness, fragmentation, and spatial heterogeneity of adjacent SAV habitats (i.e., SAV seascape structure). The spatial patterns and heterogeneity of SAV seascape structures are driven by internal and external regulatory mechanisms operating at different spatial and temporal scales. In addition, it is likely that many fish species inhabiting the mangrove zones have different home ranges, and foraging and migratory patterns; therefore, different mangrove fish species may respond to seascape heterogeneity at different scales. There are few studies that have assessed the influence and connectivity of benthic habitats adjacent to mangroves for estuarine fish populations at multiple scales. The present research used an exploratory seascape approach in Biscayne Bay (Florida, USA) to evaluate patterns in the patch composition and configuration of SAV communities, and to examine relationships between seascape structural metrics and the abundance, diversity, and distribution of fishes that utilize the adjacent mangrove shoreline as nursery and/or adult habitat. This seascape approach consisted of: a) the multi-scale characterization of the SAV distribution across the seascape with metrics developed in Landscape Ecology, Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing; b) multivariate analyses to identify groups with significantly distinct SAV seascape structures within the most heterogeneous scale, and identify possible mechanisms driving the observed SAV seascape structures; and c) an assessment of the mangrove fish community responses to SAV seascape structures. By applying a set of multivariate analyses (e.g., ANOSIM, MDS plots, hierarchical clustering), the buffer within 200 m from shore was identified as the scale with the highest structural heterogeneity. At this scale, two major SAV seascape structures (i.e., areas with similar SAV spatial arrangement and composition) were identified: a fragmented SAV seascape (FSS) structure and a continuous SAV seascape (CSS) structure. Areas with CSS were characterized by large, uniform SAV patches. In contrast, areas with FSS were characterized by a higher density of smaller, more complex SAV patches. Furthermore, the areas with CSS and FSS structures clustered in zones of the bay with distinct salinity properties. The areas with CSS structures were mostly located in zones characterized by high and stable salinity. However, the areas with FSS concentrated in zones that are influenced by freshwater discharges from canals and with low and variable salinity. The responses of fish diversity metrics were not constrained to the scale at which the greatest spatial heterogeneity of SAV seascape structures was observed (i.e., the seascape composition and configuration within 200 m from shore), but was related to SAV seascape characteristics across different scales. The majority of the variability of the fish diversity metrics in the mangrove shoreline was explained by SAV seascape structures within the smaller scales (i.e., 100-400 m from shore), and SAV seascape structures that represented the level of fragmentation and/or the percent of suitable habitat. Different conceptual models were proposed to illustrate and understand the ecological dynamics behind the relationship between the diversity of the mangrove fish community and the structure of the adjacent SAV seascape. In general, the diversity and abundance of fishes is influenced by the type and level of fragmentation of the SAV seascape, which, in turn, influence the proportion of the seascape used for foraging and refuge by fish. In conclusion, this research quantified how the release of large pulses of freshwater into near-shore habitats of coastal lagoons can influence the seascape structure of SAV communities. Namely, freshwater inputs produce fragmentation in otherwise fairly homogeneous SAV meadows. The outcome of this research highlights the importance of seascape characteristics as indicators of ecosystem-level modifications and alterations affecting the spatial distribution, assemblage, and diversity of marine nearshore habitats in coastal regions heavily influenced by human activities. In addition, the results illustrated the cascading effects and synergistic influences of near-shore habitat spatial assemblages on the composition and diversity of estuarine fish communities. Lastly, and very importantly, the relationships established in this project provide quantitative and qualitative information on patterns of species-habitat associations needed for the improved synergistic management and protection of coastal habitats and fisheries resources.

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Martins, Maria Emanuella de Oliveira. "Extraction, characterization and application of gelatina obtained from nile tilapia scale, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14325.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), is one of the most cultivated species in our country. The fish processing industries generate large amounts of waste. In the tilapia processing waste materials represent more than 60%. Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue and is the most abundant protein in mammals, birds and fish. A commercial use of the collagen is gelatin, obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen. Edible coatings and films are types of protection that can be applied in a food. The proteins are among the major macromolecules found in edible films. Seafood is very susceptible to deterioration process mainly because there are some specific factors. Any skin as mechanically separated meat residues (CMS) tilapia have been used for the extraction of gelatin, as well the scale was also used for this allocation. Closing a production cycle with the full use of fish and product innovation. The objective of this work is to extract gelatin from the scales of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and applied as a coating on cold fish fillet to evaluate their performance as the deterioration process. For the extraction of gelatin were performed essentially five steps (demineralization, acid and alkali treatments alternately and extraction in distilled water under heating). The extracted gelatin was characterized as the chemical composition, minerals, water activity (Aw), pH, gel strength, color, extraction yield, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrophoresis. We were prepared two coating solutions of gelatin (1% and 1.5%) both with 0.2% (v / v) glycerol. The steaks were subjected to spray application of coating solution, placed in plastic bags and stored in refrigerator at temperature 2.6 Â C Â 0.8 for 18 days. Physical and chemical analysis (Determination of pH, volatile nitrogenous bases (TVB-N), Determination of reactive substances tiobabitÃrico acid) and microbiological (psychrotrophic bacteria) of fillets coated every three days during the 18 days of storage . The extraction of gelatin from this residue may be a new alternative, since it presents a favorable caracterisiticas gelatin quality, mainly due to good gel strength (461.640 g); low water activity (Aw 0.461); Low moisture and ash content (15.16% and 5.39%, respectively), high protein content (86.86%); next to the white color (L =; 88.711; a = -0.295 b = 2.851) and good thermal properties for uses up to 200 Â C. The application of gelatin as coating tilapia fillet to a possible inhibition in the deterioration process not proved to be completely effective. This result can probably be attributed to initial quality of the fillet which showed initial bacterial count of 6.0 log CFU / g.
A tilÃpia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus (LINNAEUS,1758), Ã uma das espÃcies mais cultivadas no nosso paÃs. As indÃstrias de beneficiamento de pescado geram grandes quantidades de resÃduos. No beneficiamento de tilÃpias seus resÃduos representam mais de 60%. O colÃgeno Ã a principal proteÃna do tecido conjuntivo, sendo a proteÃna mais abundante em mamÃferos, aves e peixes. Uma utilizaÃÃo comercial do colÃgeno Ã a gelatina, obtida pela hidrÃlise parcial do colÃgeno. Revestimentos e filmes comestÃveis sÃo tipos de proteÃÃo que podem ser aplicadas em um alimento. As proteÃnas estÃo entre as principais macromolÃculas encontradas em filmes comestÃveis. O pescado Ã muito susceptÃvel ao processo de deterioraÃÃo principalmente devido hÃ alguns fatores prÃprios. Tanto a pele como o resÃduo de carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) de tilÃpia jÃ foram utilizados para a extraÃÃo de gelatina, assim a escama tambÃm foi utilizada para essa destinaÃÃo. Fechando um ciclo de produÃÃo com o aproveitamento integral do pescado e inovaÃÃo de produtos. O objetivo desse trabalho Ã extrair gelatina a partir das escamas de tilÃpia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e aplicar como revestimento em filÃ de peixe resfriado para avaliar seu desempenho quanto ao processo de deterioraÃÃo. Para a extraÃÃo da gelatina foram realizadas basicamente cinco etapas (desmineralizaÃÃo, tratamentos Ãcidos e alcalinos alternadamente e extraÃÃo em Ãgua destilada sob aquecimento). A gelatina extraÃda foi caracterizada quanto a composiÃÃo centesimal, minerais, atividade de Ãgua (Aw), pH, forÃa de gel, cor, rendimento de extraÃÃo, calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), termogravimÃtrica (TGA), espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR) e eletroforese. Foram preparadas duas soluÃÃes de revestimento a base de gelatina (1% e 1,5%), ambas com 0,2% (v/v) de glicerol. Os filÃs foram submetidos Ã aplicaÃÃo da soluÃÃo de revestimento por aspersÃo, acondicionados em sacos plÃsticos e armazenados em refrigerador a temperatura 2,6ÂC Â 0,8 durante 18 dias. Foram realizadas anÃlises fÃsico-quÃmicas (DeterminaÃÃo do pH, Bases nitrogenadas volÃteis totais (BVT-N), DeterminaÃÃo de substÃncias reativas ao Ãcido tiobabitÃrico) e microbiolÃgicas (bactÃrias psicrotrÃficas) dos filÃs revestido a cada trÃs dias durante o perÃodo de 18 dias de armazenamento. A extraÃÃo de gelatina a partir desse resÃduo pode ser uma nova alternativa, jÃ que a mesma apresenta caracterisiticas favorÃveis a uma gelatina de boa qualidade, principalmente devido a boa forÃa de gel (461,640 g); baixa atividade de Ãgua (Aw 0,461); Baixos teores de umidade e cinzas (15,16% e 5,39%, respectivamente), alto teor de proteÃnas (86,86%); cor prÃxima ao branco (L =;88,711; a= -0,295; b= 2,851) e boas propriedades tÃrmicas para usos atÃ 200ÂC. A aplicaÃÃo da gelatina como revestimento em filÃ de tilÃpia para uma possÃvel inibiÃÃo no processo de deterioraÃÃo nÃo mostrou-se completamente efetiva. Esse resultado provavelmente pode-se atribuir a qualidade inicial do filÃ que apresentou contagem bacteriana inicial de 6,0 log UFC/g.

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41

Pockberger, Moritz [Verfasser]. "Abiotic and biotic impacts on fish in the Wadden Sea - evaluating the effect of large scale climate oscillations, local ecosystem characteristics and invasive species / Moritz Pockberger." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1094661953/34.

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42

Baudena, Alberto. "How do marine mid trophic levels respond to fine scale processes ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS136.

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La compréhension du couplage entre les processus biologiques et physiques est un élément fondamental pour évaluer l’état des océans afin de protéger les écosystèmes marins des effets du changement climatique, de l’exploitation humaine, de la pollution, ainsi que pour comprendre le rôle des océans dans le système climatique. En effet, comme les organismes marins vivent dans un environnement fluide et sont continument transportés par les courants, les phénomènes physiques et biologiques sont intimement liés. Ainsi, au contraire de ce qui se passe sur terre, où la topographie du paysage change sur des échelles de temps évolutionnaires (dans l’ordre de centaines ou millions d’années), dans l’océan le paysage évolue sur les mêmes échelles de temps que celles des processus écologiques. Dans cette thèse j’analyse, en particulier, le rôle des structures à fine échelle (désignées dans la suite de ce document comme les « fine échelles »), qui présentent un pic dans le spectre d’énergie océanique, et dont les échelles de temps (jours à semaines) se superposent avec d’importants processus écologiques tels que le développement des blooms phytoplanctoniques ou la durée des périodes de nourrissage des prédateurs supérieurs. Il a été déjà démontré que les fines échelles jouent un rôle central dans le conditionnement de la production primaire, dans l’abondance et la composition des niveaux trophiques inférieurs, et dans le comportement des prédateurs supérieurs. Cependant, leur influence sur les niveaux trophiques intermédiaires est moins connue, alors que ces échelons constituent une partie essentielle de la chaine trophique et sont sous une pression sans précédents de la part activités humaines. Ceci est principalement causé par la disponibilité limitée des données à grande échelle, et à des difficultés de mesures depuis les navires océanographiques. Cette thèse traite ce manque de connaissances sur deux problématiques. La première question concerne l’impossibilité de détecter les niveaux trophiques intermédiaires par satellite, ce qui nécessite le développement des nouvelles stratégies de surveillance ad hoc. La deuxième question irrésolue concerne l’interaction entre la capacité de nage du necton avec les dynamiques de fine échelle. Pour essayer de répondre à ces questions, dans ce travail j’adopte une approche Lagrangienne, en me focalisant donc sur les trajectoires des particules d’eau, et je l’intègre à des nouvelles méthodologies appliquées aux données acoustiques, à l’analyse des systèmes complexes ainsi qu’à la théorie des réseaux. Je me focalise sur la région de Kerguelen, à cause de son importance écologique et de la grande disponibilité d’information qui a permis de caractériser ses dynamiques écologiques relativement simples, basées principalement sur la limitation de la production primaire par le fer qui est fourni par le plateau. Je considère les myctophidés comme le poisson de référence de cette étude par leur abondance dans tous les bassins océaniques, et par l’intérêt qu’ils pourraient recevoir prochainement de la part de la pêche commerciale. (...)
The comprehension of the coupling between physical and biological dynamics is a pivotal step to assess the health of the oceans, in order to protect the ecosystems therein from the effects of global change, human exploitation and pollution as well as for understanding the role of the ocean in the climate system. Indeed, in the oceans, physical phenomena and biological processes are intimately linked, since marine organisms live in a fluid environment, continuously under the effect of the currents. Thus, contrary to what happens on land, where the landscape topography changes over evolutionary timescales (periods in the order of hundreds to millions of year) in the ocean the landscape ("seascape") evolves on the same timescales of ecological processes. In the present thesis I analyse in particular the role of the fine scales, which present a peak in the ocean energy spectrum, and whose time scales (of days to weeks) overlap important marine ecological processes like the development of planktonic blooms and the duration of foraging trips for top predators. The fine scale features have been already shown to play a central role into conditioning primary production, lower trophic levels abundance and composition, and apex predators behaviors. However, less is known on their influence on intermediate trophic levels, i.e. swimming organisms (such as fish), which however constitute an essential part of the trophic chain, and which are under unprecedented pressure by human activities. This is mainly due to the scarce availability of data on them at large scales, and to problems of ship-based measurements. Two knowledge gaps are addressed in this thesis. The first is the fact that intermediate trophic levels distributions cannot be detected by remote sensing, and thus require the development of novel, ad hoc sampling strategies. The second open challenge addressed by this thesis is how the swimming ability of the nekton can interact with the fine scale physical dynamics. In order to address the aforementioned questions, in this work I adopt a Lagrangian approach, therefore focusing on water parcel trajectories, and I integrate it with novel methodologies applied to acoustic data, complex system analysis and network theory. I focus on the Kerguelen region, because of its ecological importance and the large availability of informations, which permitted to characterize its relatively simple ecological dynamics, mainly based on iron limitation which is furnished by the plateau. I consider the myctophids as reference fish of the present study, for their worldwide abundance and for their importance for the ecology of the area, and because they may constitute a future target by commercial fishing. (...)

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Ferreira, Catarina Isabel Almeida. "Production and application of biowaste-based adsorbents for the removal of fish anaesthetics in recirculating aquaculture systems." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18042.

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Doutoramento em Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente
A partir de 1960 a atividade aquícola aumentou abruptamente, tornando-se o setor de produção de alimentos de maior crescimento. A implementação de sistemas de aquacultura intensiva contribuiu para esse acentuado desenvolvimento; contudo, a sua prática impõe elevados riscos relativos ao bem-estar dos peixes, tornando-os vulneráveis a doenças, stress e a condições ambientais adversas. Para o controlo do stress são utilizados anestésicos, sendo os mais comuns a tricaína, benzocaína e 2-fenoxietanol. Estes fármacos são administrados solubilizando-os na água dos tanques e, consequentemente, contaminando-a. Atualmente, as instalações de criação intensiva estão equipadas com sistemas de recirculação em aquacultura (SRA) onde a água é tratada e reciclada. Os SRAs típicos são eficazes na remoção de sólidos suspensos e no controlo do nível de carbono orgânico dissolvido e amónia mas não estão preparados para eliminar fármacos. O processo de adsorção, utilizando carvões ativados, é uma tecnologia bem documentada e eficaz na remoção de contaminantes orgânicos, incluindo fármacos, e tem sido proposta como processo de tratamento terciário em SRA; no entanto, os carvões ativados são dispendiosos. O projeto desta tese visa a produção de adsorventes alternativos, usando bioresíduos agrícolas e industriais como percursores, capazes de competir com os carvões ativados comerciais, recorrendo a técnicas simples, baratas e amigas do ambiente. O principal objetivo consiste na aplicação dos adsorventes produzidos na remoção de anestésicos veterinários em SRA. Relativamente à valorização dos resíduos testados, os resultados mostraram que os bioresíduos agrícolas (casca de Eucalipto, sementes de uva, caroços de pêssego, cascas de nozes, resíduos de azeitona e cascas de amendoim) podem competir com os carvões fósseis em aplicações de combustão (por exemplo, produção de combustível e energia). Por outro lado, os biocarvões produzidos por pirólise dos bioresíduos industriais (lamas primárias e biológicas da indústria papeleira) são adsorventes promissores, uma vez que os resultados revelaram elevadas capacidades de adsorção com bom desempenho em sistemas fechado e contínuo. Os adsorventes produzidos a partir das lamas biológicas podem ser aplicados no tratamento de águas de aquacultura intensiva com o mesmo desempenho independentemente das condições da água (temperatura, salinidade e presença de matéria orgânica e inorgânica). Sendo as lamas produzidas em larga escala, o custo associado aos percursores destes adsorventes é nulo, com a vantagem de eliminar os esforços de gestão destes resíduos. Além disso, contrariamente aos carvões ativados comerciais, o método de produção usado evita o uso de agentes químicos e permite a recuperação de energia, sendo considerado um processo amigo do ambiente. Estes factos aliados aos bons resultados obtidos na remoção de anestésicos veterinários indicam que o uso de adsorventes a partir de lamas da indústria papeleira poderá ser uma alternativa a aplicar em SRA.
The aquaculture activity has steeply increased since the 1960’s, being the fastest growing food production industry. The implementation of intensive aquaculture systems has contributed to this impressive development in the world food fish production; however, this practice imposes high risks on the welfare of fish, making them vulnerable to adverse impacts from disease, stress and also from environmental conditions. For the fishes’ stress control, anaesthetics are administered and the most commonly used are tricaine, benzocaine and 2-phenoxyethanol. These pharmaceuticals are administered by solubilization in the fish tank’s water, which, therefore, becomes contaminated. Nowadays, intensive aquaculture facilities are equipped with a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) where the water is treated and remains in a closed circuit. A typical RAS is planned to remove suspended solids and to control dissolved organic carbon and ammonia levels but the processes used are not prepared to eliminate pharmaceuticals. The adsorption process, using activated carbons, is a well-established technology for the removal of organic contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, and it has been proposed as tertiary treatment in RASs; however, activated carbons are very expensive. The project of this thesis aims at the production of alternative adsorbents, using agricultural or industrial biowastes as precursors, by means of a simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly production technique and capable to compete with the commercial activated carbons. The objective is the application of the produced adsorbents for the removal of fish anaesthetics from water in the RASs. A first evaluation about the valorisation of such residues showed that the agricultural biowastes (Eucalyptus bark, grape seeds, peach stones, walnut shells, olive waste and peanut shells) can compete with fossil coals in combustion applications (e.g., fuel and power generation). On the other hand, the biochars produced by the pyrolysis of the industrial biowastes (primary and biological paper mill sludge) have favourable properties to be used as adsorbents. The adsorption results revealed highest adsorption capacities using paper mill sludge-based adsorbents with good performance in both batch and continuous (fixed-bed column) systems. Also, it was observed that the biological sludge-based adsorbent can be employed in intensive aquaculture wastewater treatment with the same performance independently of the water characteristics (temperature, salinity and presence of organic and inorganic matter). Overall, these sludges are produced in large scale, therefore the cost associated with the precursor of these alternative adsorbents is null with the additional benefit of eliminating managing costs of such residues. Moreover, contrarily to commercial activated carbons, the production process used avoids the utilization of activating chemicals and allows the recovery of energy from these residues, so it may be considered an environmentally friendly process. For these reasons, and allied to the good results obtained for the removal of fish anaesthetics, the use of paper mill sludge-based adsorbents may be an alternative choice to be applied in RASs.

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44

Gatonye, Margaret. "Social Inclusivity and Equitable Development: Women in Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rural Communities of Kenya." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1586540674871228.

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Neves, Camila Vargas. "Avaliação da influência do eletrólito NaCl e surfactante Profiber na adsorção do corante reativo azul 5G pelas escamas de peixe." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3239.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The textile industry are responsible to generate a large volume of wastewater that are characterized by high coloration, electrolytes (NaCl, Na2CO3, NaOH), surfactants, softeners, etc. Thus, these wastewaters require previous treatment to its disposal in the receiving bodies of water. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of electrolyte (NaCl) and surfactant (Profiber) in adsorption of reactive blue 5G dye by fish scale (Oreochromis niloticus). The adsorbent was characterizated by N2 physisorption. The initial pH (2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 9,45) were elaluated for the systems: (i) RB5G-Adsorbent, (ii) RB5G-NaCl-Adsorbent, (iii) RB5G-Surfactant-Adsorbent e (iv) RB5G-NaCl-Surfactant-Adsorbent. The adsorption experiments were performed in closed and batch system (25°C). The effects of stirring speed (450, 700, 1000, 1400 rpm) and initial concentration (25, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg L-1) were evaluated in adsorption kinetics. The equilibrium data was determined based on kinetics tests. The kinetics data were modeled by external diffusion and adsorption in the adsorbent sites. The equilibrium data were modeling by Langmuir isotherm. The adsorbent characterization indicated that fish scale is a non-porous material. The best adsorption capacity occured in pH 2. The equilibrium was obtained in 72 hours. The effect best adsorption capacity occurred in 1000 rpm. The kinetics studies indicated that RB5G dye adsorption using fish scale was highly favorable. The kinetic data were best represented by adsorption in the adsorbent sites model. The electrolyte (NaCl) and surfactant (Profiber) the equilibrium adsorption in 10 and 7%, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity were 272, 299 and 291 mg g-1 for the systems (i), (ii) and (iii), respectively. This work indicated that fish scale is a great adsorbent with high adsorption capacity. The presence of the electrolyte (NaCl) and surfactant (Profiber) influenced favorably the adsorption of the dye RB5G by fish scales.
As indústrias têxteis geram grandes quantidades de águas residuais, as quais se caracterizam pela elevada coloração e presença de eletrólitos (NaCl, Na2CO3, NaOH), surfactantes, amaciantes, entre outros. Desta forma, estes efluentes precisam ser tratados antes de serem descartadas em corpos receptores. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência de agentes auxiliares, como eletrólitos (NaCl) e surfactantes (Profiber), na adsorção do corante reativo azul 5G (RB5G) pela escama de peixe do gênero tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). Para a caracterização do adsorvente foi realizado o método de fisissorção de N2. O efeito do pH inicial (2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 9,5) foi avaliado para os seguintes sistemas: (i) RB5G-Adsorvente, (ii) RB5G-NaCl-Adsorvente, (iii) RB5G-Surfactante-Adsorvente e (iv) RB5G-NaCl-Surfactante-Adsorvente. Os experimentos de adsorção foram realizados em sistema fechado e batelada e com controle de temperatura (25°C). Nos experimentos de cinética de adsorção foram avaliados os efeitos da velocidade de agitação (450, 700, 1000 e 1400 rpm) e da concentração inicial de RB5G (25, 100, 150) e os testes de equilíbrio foram realizados com base nos testes cinéticos. Para modelagem matemática dos dados cinéticos foram utilizados os modelos de difusão externa e adsorção na superfície e os dados de equilíbrio foram modelados pela isoterma de Langmuir. A caracterização da escama de peixe mostrou que o adsorvente é um material não poroso e com baixa área superficial. A maior capacidade de adsorção foi alcançada em pH 2. O tempo de equilíbrio obtido para processo de adsorção foi de 72 horas e a maior capacidade de adsorção foi alcançada na velocidade de agitação de 1000 rpm. O estudo cinético indicou que a adsorção do corante RB5G pela escama de peixe é extremamente favorável. O modelo cinético de adsorção na superfície foi o que melhor representou os dados experimentais. A presença do eletrólito (NaCl) e do surfactante (Profiber) favoreceram o equilíbrio de adsorção em 10 e 7%, respectivamente. A capacidade máxima de adsorção da escama de peixe foi de 272 e 299 e 291 mg g-1 para os sistemas (i), (ii) e (iii), respectivamente. Além disso, com o modelo cinético obtido neste trabalho foi possível predizer o comportamento da cinética dos sistemas (ii) e (iii). Este trabalho mostrou o potencial da escama de peixe na remoção de corante com elevada capacidade de adsorção. A presença dos agentes auxiliares, tais como eletrólito o (NaCl) e o surfactante (Profiber) influenciou de forma favorável o processo de adsorção do corante RB5G pela escama de peixe.

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Ben, Lamine Emna. "Méthodes et indicateurs de suivi de la pêche et des peuplements de poissons dans les Aires Marines Protégées en Tunisie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4097/document.

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Le suivi scientifique dans les AMPs est la clé pour le recueil information fiable dans les future AMPs de la Tunisie, où des restrictions d’usages et des plans de gestion sont en cours de mise en place. Cette étape cruciale le long des côtes tunisiennes viens avec le besoin en méthodes, métriques et indicateurs appropriés pour le suivi des paramètres utiles pour évaluer leurs efficacités. Le but de ce travail est de sélectionner, adapter, tester et proposer des méthodes et des indicateurs de suivi des assemblages de poissons et des activités de pêche, afin de proposer une stratégie de suivi pour quatre futures AMPs tunisiennes. La sélection des méthodes et des indicateurs de la bibliographie a été réalisée en fonction de leur faisabilité, de leur rentabilité et de leur adéquation avec les objectifs des futures des AMPs. Par conséquent, les données sur l'assemblage de poissons et les activités de pêche ont été recueillies en utilisant cinq méthodes : (1) Transects à largeur variable (TVW); (2) Fish Assemblage Sampling Technique (FAST); (3) Questionnaires et suivi des débarquements; (4) pêche expérimentale; (5) photo-surveillance. Les résultats des suivis réalisées entre 2014 et 2016, ont été pris en compte lors de proposition de la stratégie de suivi, notamment: (1) l'utilité d'adopter des modèles d'échantillonnage appropriés, BACI ("Before After Control Impact"), en utilisant la méthode standard des UVC, pour tester des hypothèses liées à l'efficacité des AMP futures, (2) les valeurs faibles de la biomasse dans toutes les AMPs étudiés par rapport à celles méditerranéennes (3) le potentiel des sciences participatives pour les suivi des assemblages de poissons en utilisant une méthode FAST, après avoir testé sa cohérence avec la méthode standard , (4) un pourcentage élevé de pratique de pêche illégale (pêcheurs récréatifs qui commercialisent leurs captures), (5) la compétition de la pêche récréative et illégale avec la pêche artisanale, sur les espèces vulnérables et de valeurs économiques élevées, et (6) des biomasses faibles, proportions de carnivores, grande proportion de poisson dans la capture des pêcheurs artisanaux, en utilisant la méthode de pêche expérimentale. Par conséquent, la dite stratégie proposée pour le suivi dans les futures AMPs tunisiennes repose sur la collaboration entre les scientifiques, les parties prenantes (pêcheurs, plongeurs récréatifs) et les gestionnaires, ce qui peut être utile pour assurer un certain niveau d'acceptation des AMPs, surtout quand il s’agit de créer un réseau tunisien d'AMPs
Scientific monitoring is the key to reliable information in Tunisian future MPAs, where management plans are being established. This crucial step comes with the need to choose appropriate methods, metrics and indicators for monitoring parameter that are important to assess MPAs effectivness. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript is to select, adapt, test and propose fish assemblage and fishing monitoring methods and indicators in order to propose a monitoring strategy for four Tunisian future MPAs (locations). Selection of methods and indicators from literature was made according to their feasibility, cost-effectiveness and suitability with future MPAs objectives. Therefore, data on fish assemblage and fishing activities were collected using five methods: (1) Transects with variable width (TVW); (2) Fish Assemblage Sampling Technique (FAST); (3) Questionnaires and landing catch monitoring; (4) Experimental fishing; (5) photo-surveillance method. Results shows some highlights that were considered for proposing the monitoring strategy: (1) the usefulness of adopting appropriate sampling models, BACI ("Before After Control Impact"), using standard TVW, to test hypotheses related to the effectiveness of the future MPAs, (2) the relatively low values of biomass in all studied locations in comparison with other Mediterranean MPAs (3) the high potential of citizen science for fish monitoring in Tunisia using easy-to-use FAST method, after testing its coherence with standard TVW method, (4) a high percentage of illegal fishing practice (recreational fishers that commercialize their catch), in the studied locations, (5) the competition of recreational and illegal fishing with commercial-small scale (CSS) one, on vulnerable and high economic value species, and (6) low biomasses, carnivores proportions, large fish proportion in catch of CSS using experimental fishing method. Therefore, the proposed strategy for fish and fishing monitoring for Tunisian future MPAs is based on the collaboration between scientists, stakeholders (fishermen, recreational divers) and managers, which can be useful to implement high compliance and MPAs acceptance levels, especially when it comes to creating a future MPAs network

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Seti, Simpiwe. "Small-scale fisheries as a vehicle for rural development : a case study of two villages in the former Ciskei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006016.

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This thesis examines small-scale rural fisheries which were initiated in two villages by the Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries in conjunction with the Institute of Social and Economic Research in 1997. The main objective for undertaking the study was to determine the potential of the fisheries to serve as viable and sustainable options that could contribute towards rural development in the area of study. To examine the contribution made by the small-scale fisheries towards rural development in the villages, it is imperative to have an understanding of the context in which they were established as well as the prospects for sustainable development. It is argued in this study that despite the significant contribution made by inland rural fisheries in improving rural livelihoods they are still accorded minimal support and attention in South Africa. As an illustration of the important role played by rural fisheries, case studies from Malawi and Zimbabwe have been drawn into the study with a view to providing lessons for rural areas of South Africa. The study took place at a time when natural resources in the villages were significantly declining and environmental degradation reaching uncontrollable proportions, so there is an urgent need to secure an alternative mode of subsistence for the population in the villages. Development interventions by the state and non-governmental organisations in the study area have not been sustainable and they collapsed within a short period of time. A case in point is the Tyefu irrigation scheme, which was initiated in the villages but, owing to various factors, it failed leaving the villagers with a diminished mode of subsistence, thus providing the impetus for the implementation of small-scale rural fisheries. In order for small-scale fisheries to be sustainable it is essential to adopt models that are aimed at sound natural resource use and management. This study has raised various issues pertinent to natural resource use and management in the study area. A model for management of natural resources that involves and aims to empower local communities in the management of the fisheries is presented in the study. It has also been demonstrated that rural fisheries in the study area comply with the model. Finally, the study draws the conclusion that small-scale fisheries in the villages contribute towards rural development, however, there are constraints that need to be eradicated.

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Sauls, Beverly J. "Relative Survival of Gags Mycteroperca microlepis Released Within a Recreational Hook-and-Line Fishery: Application of the Cox Regression Model to Control for Heterogeneity in a Large-Scale Mark-Recapture Study." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4940.

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The objectives of this study were to measure injuries and impairments directly observed from gags Mycteroperca microlepis caught and released within a large-scale recreational fishery, develop methods that may be used to rapidly assess the condition of reef fish discards, and estimate the total portion of discards in the fishery that suffer latent mortality. Fishery observers were placed on for-hire charter and headboat vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico from June 2009 through December 2012 to directly observe reef fishes as they were caught by recreational anglers fishing with hook-and-line gear. Fish that were not retained by anglers were inspected and marked with conventional tags prior to release. Fish were released in multiple regions over a large geographic area throughout the year and over multiple years. The majority of recaptured fish were reported by recreational and commercial fishers, and fishing effort fluctuated both spatially and temporally over the course of this study in response to changes in recreational harvest restrictions and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Therefore, it could not be assumed that encounter probabilities were equal for all individual tagged fish in the population. Fish size and capture depth when fish were initially caught-and-released also varied among individuals in the study and potentially influenced recapture reporting probabilities. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to control for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture reporting events so that relative survival among fish released in various conditions could be compared. A total of 3,954 gags were observed in this study, and the majority (77.26%) were released in good condition (condition category 1), defined as fish that immediately submerged without assistance from venting and had not suffered internal injuries from embedded hooks or visible damage to the gills. However, compared to gags caught in shallower depths, a greater proportion of gags caught and released from depths deeper than 30 meters were in fair or poor condition. Relative survival was significantly reduced (alpha (underline)<(/underline)0.05) for gags released in fair and poor condition after controlling for variable mark-recapture reporting rates for different sized discards among regions and across months and years when individual fish were initially captured, tagged and released. Gags released within the recreational fishery in fair and poor condition were 66.4% (95% C.I. 46.9 to 94.0%) and 50.6% (26.2 to 97.8%) as likely to be recaptured, respectively, as gags released in good condition. Overall discard mortality was calculated for gags released in all condition categories at ten meter depth intervals. There was a significant linear increase in estimated mortality from less than 15% (range of uncertainty, 0.1-25.2%) in shallow depths up to 30 meters, to 35.6% (5.6-55.7%) at depths greater than 70 meters (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.917). This analysis demonstrated the utility of the proportional hazards regression model for controlling for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture events in a large-scale mark-recapture study and for detecting significant differences in the relative survival of fish released in various conditions measured under highly variable conditions within a large-scale fishery.

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Ström, Marcus. "Småskalig vattenkraft : Dagsläge och framtidsplaner." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100668.

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This study focuses on small scale hydropower in Sweden. This means plants with a capacity of up to 10 MW. The study has a special focus on plants with a capacity up to 2 MW. The study has three aims. It strives to describe the small-scale hydroelectric industry in Sweden. It lists some of the challenges of positive and negative character that owners of small hydro are facing today. The last is to find out the owners' plans for their business for the future.The basis for the analysis is a literature review, visits to hydropower plants and interviews with owners and a questionnaire. The questionnaire was answered in the spring of 2011. 128 hydropower owners with together 165 plants participated. This represents about 9 % of the total amount of small scale hydropower plants. The owners rank economy, new environmental ruling, requirements for fish ways and lack of time as the biggest challenges. The owners' concern about the new environmental ruling ispreceded by a debate on the subject in which some County Boards (Länsstyrelser) raised theissue. 38 % of plants in the survey have fish ways and another 7 % plan to get it in within a period of 10 years.Small hydropower produces about 4.3 TWh per year. Calculations made on the respondents' answers show that 80% of plants have the potential to increase its effect. 55% plan to do so within 10 years. If the plants in the survey are representative for the industry as a whole, small scale hydropower in the range of 0 - 2 MW, has a potential to increase its production by 6.1 TWh per year.
I detta arbete studeras den småskaliga vattenkraften i Sverige med ett fokus på de mindre verkenmed en effekt upp till 2 MW. Studien har tre syften. Den skall beskriva den småskaliga vattenkraftverksbranschen i Sverige. Den skall redogöra för några av de utmaningar av positiv och negativ karaktär som ägare av småskalig vattenkraft står inför idag. Det tredje är att ta reda på ägarnas planer för framtiden. Som underlag för analysen ligger en litteraturstudie, besök i kraftverk och intervjuer med ägare samt en enkät. Enkäten besvarades under våren 2011 av 128 vattenkraftsägare med tillsammans 165 verk. Detta utgör ungefär 9 % av det totala antalet småskaliga vattenkraftverk. Ägarna rankar ekonomi, krav på nytt miljötillstånd, krav på fiskväg och brist på tid som de största utmaningarna. Ägarnas oro för krav på nya miljötilltsånd har föregåtts av en debatt i ämnet där ett antal länsstyrelser krävt detta. 38 % av verken i undersökningen har fiskväg och ytterligare 7 % planerar att skaffa det inom 10 år. Det finns en stor spridning i ägarnas bakgrund, utbildning och hur man kom in i branschen. Generellt har ägarna ett stort teknikintresse. De vanligaste utbildningarna är inom teknik, lantbruk eller elektriker. En tredjedel av ägarna är i pensionsåldern. Den småskaliga vattenkraften producerar ungefär 4,3 TWh per år. Beräkningar som har gjorts på respondenternas svar visar att 80 % av verken har en potential att öka sin effekt. 55 % planerar att göra det inom 10 år. Om de verk som deltog i enkäten är representativa för branschen i sin helhet skulle den småskaliga vattenkraften i spannet 0-2 MW kunna öka sin produktion med 6,1 TWh.

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Gisen, David Christoph [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Malcherek, Andreas [Gutachter] Malcherek, Volker [Gutachter] Grimm, and Christoph [Gutachter] Heinzelmann. "Modeling upstream fish migration in small-scale using the Eulerian-Lagrangian-agent method (ELAM) / David Christoph Gisen ; Gutachter: Andreas Malcherek, Volker Grimm, Christoph Heinzelmann ; Akademischer Betreuer: Andreas Malcherek ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen und Umweltwissenschaften." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1182946011/34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fish scale'

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