Journal articles: 'Fish scale'

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Rocha Bispo, Aline Simões da, Jéssica Ferreira Mafra, Paulo Sérgio Pedroso Costa Júnior, Thiago Alves Santos de Oliveira, Elizabeth Amélia Alves Duarte, and Norma Suely Evangelista Barreto. "Formulation of culture media using fish scale bioconversion." SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences & Environmental Studies 4, no. 1 (2018): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jeses.4.1.ra.433.

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Chiou, Faye Y., and Jaime A. Tschen. "Fish scale-induced dermatitis." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 28, no. 6 (June 1993): 962–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(93)70138-j.

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Sharpe, Paul T. "Fish scale development: Hair today, teeth and scales yesterday?" Current Biology 11, no. 18 (September 2001): R751—R752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00438-9.

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Olatunji, Ololade, Chima C. Igwe, Aroke S. Ahmed, Dewale O. A. Alhassan, GGodfrey O. Asieba, and Bhusan Das Diganta. "Microneedles from fish scale biopolymer." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 12 (January 22, 2014): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40377.

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Bereiter-Hahn, J., and L. Zylberberg. "Regeneration of teleost fish scale." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 105, no. 4 (August 1993): 625–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(93)90262-3.

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Salvatteci, Renato, David B. Field, Timothy Baumgartner, Vicente Ferreira, and Dimitri Gutierrez. "Evaluating fish scale preservation in sediment records from the oxygen minimum zone off Peru." Paleobiology 38, no. 1 (2012): 52–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300000403.

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Fish scales accumulating in marine laminated sediments can provide a record of population variability of small pelagic fishes. Although some studies have noted signs of scale degradation that could affect estimates of population variability, there are presently no well-developed means to evaluate degradation. We developed several indices as indicators of fish scale preservation in two box-cores that we collected off Pisco (14°S), one at 301 m near the center of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), and the other at 201 m near the upper limit of the OMZ. These indices include (1) an index of fish scale integrity (estimate of scale wholeness relative to fragmentation), (2) the fungi-free area of fish scales and vertebrae, (3) the ratio of fish scales to vertebrae (as well as fish scales to vertebrae and bones), and (4) the ratio of whole scales to fragments. We address whether lower numbers of anchovy scales occurring in association with reduced total organic carbon fluxes and higher bottom-water oxygen concentrations are due entirely to lower abundances of anchovy or whether differential preservation of the fish scales in the sediments plays an important role in reduced scale abundances. Comparison of temporal sequences between the two cores provides the means to assess whether there are differences in the preservation of fish scales. The combined indices indicate that the lower numbers of fish scales in the earliest period have been affected by degradation, and to a greater degree in the box-core from 201 meters, which can be subject to higher oxygen concentrations. On the other hand, decadal-scale variations in fish scale abundance within the period of better preservation are unlikely to be caused by degradation. We discuss the utility and drawbacks of different indices of preservation for reconstructing past changes in fish population sizes with fluxes of fish debris and also briefly discuss the utility of these indices to other paleobiological systems.

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Ablazo, Michael Dave B., Richelle O. Ampuan, Rommel P. Noble, and Benjamin D. Varela. "FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A SEMI-MANUALLY OPERATED FISH SCALE REMOVER." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 4, no. 5 (October 22, 2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v4.i5.2020.119.

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Commercial fish scale removers are very expensive. This study was conducted in order to fabricate and test the performance of a low cost, stand-alone semi-manually operated fish scale remover. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) quasi-experiment was used to test the capacity and efficiency of the semi-manually operated fish scale remover. Three (3) different kinds of fish in Northern Samar (Bangus, Sagision and Kirawan) with three (3) different sizes of scales (Large, Medium and Small) were used in the testing of the fabricated fish scale remover at three (3) different speeds of the scaling drum (High, Medium and Low). The results revealed that the higher the speed of the scaling drum, the higher is the scaling capacity of the manually-operated fish scale remover. Likewise, the bigger the scales of fish being descaled, the higher is the scaling capacity of the manually-operated fish scale remover. The average scaling capacity of the fish scale remover is higher than the average scaling capacity of an experienced fish vendors for kirawan and sagision but is lower than that of the experienced fish vendors for bangus. On the other hand, the average scaling efficiencies of the machine for all the fish used in testing the machine were highest at medium speed setting of the scaling drum. The cost and return analysis on the operation of the semi-manually operated fish scale remover revealed that it will have an annual net income of P 48,724.37, a payback period of 50 days, and a rate of return of 3.82. The actual cost of constructing the semi-manually operated fish scale remover is ₱ 12,756.00.

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Richter, C. J. J. "Fish culture for small-scale farmers." Aquaculture 46, no. 1 (May 1985): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(85)90181-4.

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McCallum, William G. B., and Robert E. Fromm. "Fish scale: An unusual foreign body." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 13, no. 4 (July 1995): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90128-0.

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Sari, Dea Kurnia. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Hasil Perikanan: Lem Ikan Berbahan Baku Sisik Ikan yang Berbeda." Jurnal Ilmu Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian 1, no. 2 (January 28, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/jiphp.v1i2.1913.

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Fishery processing industry such as fillet fish and boneless milkfish which are increasing rapidly raises new problem, that is industrial waste which one of them is fish scales. Fish scales in the know contain collagen which can be used as adhesive or glue and can be one of the innovations for waste processing of scales. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different fish scales on quality of fish glue from three different types of fish scales. The material used in this study is the scales of fish Seabass (Lates calcarifer), nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and milkfish (Chanos chanos Forks), acetic acid, NaOH, and aquadest. The research method used is experimental laboratories using Completely Randomized Design with treatment of three different types of fish scales with three repetitions each. The results obtained were analyzed using the analysis of variance, stickiness value, wood surface damage, viscosity, pH and water content of fish glue. To know the difference between treatments, the data were analyzed with real honest difference analysis. The results of this study showed that fish scales differed significantly (P <0.05) on all analysis, but not pH of fish glue. Based on the results of this study that meets the Indonesian National Standard no. 06-6049-1999 on Quality Requirements of Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion For Wood Working Adhesives, Seabass fish scales is the best fish glue with quality: stickiness value 8.64 N/mm2, 40.47 % wood surface damage, viscosity 7.68 poise, pH 4.80, and water content of 59.92 %. Keywords: Fish glue; Milkfish Scale; Nile Tilapia Scale; Seabass Scale

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Shackleton, L. Y. "Scale shedding: An important factor in fossil fish scale studies." ICES Journal of Marine Science 44, no. 3 (January 1, 1988): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/44.3.259.

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Mansouri, Nikta, Hamidreza Fattahian, Kimia Mansouri, Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi, and Abdolmohammad Kajbafzadeh. "The role of fish scale derived scaffold and platelet rich plasma in healing of rabbit tibial defect: an experimental study." Acta Veterinaria Brno 87, no. 4 (2018): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201887040363.

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Fish scale is rich in collagen type I and hydroxyapatite, resembling bone structure. It is readily available, cost effective and can compensate for the limitations of grafting methods such as unavailability, zoonotic disease transmission, and high cost. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the fish scale potential and the possible synergistic effect of platelet rich plasma (PRP) with this scaffold in bone regeneration. Fifteen male white New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into six groups, each involving 5 limbs. Full thickness bicortical defects were created in the proximal tibia of both pelvic limbs of rabbits. The defect was left untreated in the negative control group. In experimental groups the defect was filled with PRP (group 1), cellular fish scale (group 2), combination of cellular fish scale and PRP (group 3), acellular fish scale (group 4), and a combination of acellular fish scale and PRP (group 5). Fresh fish scales were decellularized to increase biocompatibility and reduce immunity reactions. Decellularization was confirmed by DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. The microstructure and surface characteristics of fish scales were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Histopathological evaluation of bone healing was performed on day 56. Although there was no significant difference in the bone union among experimental groups, the union was superior in all experimental groups compared to control. Spongiosa and cortex formation were superior in the acellular groups. Furthermore, PRP promoted bone marrow formation. We concluded that fish scale is a biocompatible scaffold with a high regenerative potential.

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Chen, Ailin, Komal Thind, Kahraman G. Demir, and Grace X. Gu. "Modeling Bioinspired Fish Scale Designs via a Geometric and Numerical Approach." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185378.

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Fish scales serve as a natural dermal armor with remarkable flexibility and puncture resistance. Through studying fish scales, researchers can replicate these properties and tune them by adjusting their design parameters to create biomimetic scales. Overlapping scales, as seen in elasmoid scales, can lead to complex interactions between each scale. These interactions are able to maintain the stiffness of the fish’s structure with improved flexibility. Hence, it is important to understand these interactions in order to design biomimetic fish scales. Modeling the flexibility of fish scales, when subject to shear loading across a substrate, requires accounting for nonlinear relations. Current studies focus on characterizing these kinematic linear and nonlinear regions but fall short in modeling the kinematic phase shift. Here, we propose an approach that will predict when the linear-to-nonlinear transition will occur, allowing for more control of the overall behavior of the fish scale structure. Using a geometric analysis of the interacting scales, we can model the flexibility at the transition point where the scales start to engage in a nonlinear manner. The validity of these geometric predictions is investigated through finite element analysis. This investigation will allow for efficient optimization of scale-like designs and can be applied to various applications.

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Červenka, Rostislav, Antonín Bednařík, Josef Komárek, Markéta Ondračková, Pavel Jurajda, Tomáš Vítek, and Petr Spurný. "The relationship between the mercury concentration in fish muscles and scales/fins and its significance." Open Chemistry 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 1109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0105-8.

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AbstractThe determination of mercury in fish typically involves analysis of muscles. For predicting the concentration of mercury in fish muscle on the basis of the analysis of fish scales or fins, the relationship between total mercury concentrations in fish muscles and in fish scales and fins was studied. Mercury content in fish muscles, scales and fins was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with thermal decomposition of the sample in a flow of oxygen. A number of scale treatments were applied in order to remove impurities and to enhance the prediction quality. For scale treatment, 40 min of washing with DI water in an ultrasonic bath is recommended. A coefficient of determination r2= 0.93 for the relationship between Hg concentrations in muscles and scales was achieved for 40 fish among the different fish species tested (European bream, perch, roach) from the Hamry Reservoir, Czech Republic. With respect to fin sampling, the coefficient of determination r2 for these fish was 0.86. The analysis of fish scales and caudal fins is a useful screening tool for assessing the relative mercury contamination of monitored fish. The method of sampling scales is not suitable for fish species with small scales such as brown trout.

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Ibáñez, Ana L. "Fish traceability: Guessing the origin of fish from a seafood market using fish scale shape." Fisheries Research 170 (October 2015): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2015.05.016.

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Kostecki, Paul T., Patricia Clifford, Steven P. Gloss, and James C. Carlisle. "Scale Loss and Survival in Smolts of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) after Turbin Passage." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-028.

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Field data obtained from smolts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) passed through an Ossberger crossflow turbine indicated that scale loss was greater (24% of the total scaled surface area) in fish that died during the first 48 h after passage than in fish that survived longer than 48 h (16% scale loss) or in controls (15%). Histopathoiogy of selected tissues from turbine-passed fish revealed an incidence of lesions in brain and muscle greater than that detected by gross necropsy. The sensitivity of histologic examination approximately doubled the detection of damage among fish that survived longer than 48 h. Laboratory experiments indicated that an average scale loss of 27% increased mortality in fish held in freshwater. This increased mortality occurred after longer periods (8 d) than in the field, and we suggest that physical damage other than scale loss contributed to earlier mortality in turbine-passed fish.

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S. Fu, B. Liu, G. Zhang, B. Lu, and Z. Ye. "Fish-Scale Pits Reduce Runoff and Sediment." Transactions of the ASABE 53, no. 1 (2010): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29508.

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Nagai, Takeshi, Masami Izumi, and Masahide Ishii. "Fish scale collagen. Preparation and partial characterization." International Journal of Food Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (March 2004): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00777.x.

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Tshai, Kim Yeow, Mei Hua Chin, Siew Shee Lim, Hwei San Loh, Ernest Hsin Nam Yong, and Tamrin Nuge. "Fish Scale Collagen Functionalized Thermo-Responsive Nanofibres." Key Engineering Materials 846 (June 2020): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.846.189.

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Smart thermosensitive polymer such as poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) and dominant fibrous protein of connective tissue such as collagen (CLG) possess great potential in biomedical and tissue engineering applications. The objectives of current work aim to explore potential of PNIPAM and collagen by (i) establish a stable procedure to extract collagen from fresh water Tilapia fish scale (TFS) and (ii) fabricate PNIPAM and hybrid PNIPAM-CLG nanofibrous scaffolds through electrospinning technique and investigate their material-process-structure behaviour. Type I collagen was derived through acid hydrolysis of TFS. Electrospinning of PNIPAM was carried out with 16, 18 and 20 wt% PNIPAM concentration in methanol (MeOH) while PNIPAM-CLG was prepared through blending measured quantity of PNIPAM dissolved in water with collagen dissolved in acetic acid. Material properties, viscosity, morphology and thermo-physical behaviors of the derived collagen, electrospun PNIPAM and PNIPAM-CLG scaffolds were characterized. Results from SDS-PAGE and FTIR confirmed that the isolated TFS collagen is of type I. EDX revealed that demineralization eliminated the aluminium, magnesium, silicon and phosphorus while significantly reduced the sulfur elements from raw TFS. SEM observation of the collagen morphology shown a fluffy and fibrillary lamellae structure. Electrospun scaffolds were successfully fabricated with 16 and 18 wt% PNIPAM in MeOH. Both homogeneity and average fibre diameter (Davg) were greater in the 18 wt% PNIPAM scaffold, in which the Davg for 16 and 18 wt% were ~110 and ~131.7 nm respectively. However, PNIPAM at 20 wt% failed to be electrospun owing to its excessively high viscosity. On the other hand, SEM observation revealed that the electrospun hybrid PNIPAM-CLG scaffold has Davg of ~105.5 nm amid the presence of numerous elongated beads.

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Sun, Ziqi, Ting Liao, Wenxian Li, Yuhai Dou, Kesong Liu, Lei Jiang, Sang-Woo Kim, Jung Ho Kim, and Shi Xue Dou. "Fish-scale bio-inspired multifunctional ZnO nanostructures." NPG Asia Materials 7, no. 12 (December 2015): e232-e232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/am.2015.133.

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Zhang, Xueqian, Jianqiang Gu, Wei Cao, Jiaguang Han, Akhlesh Lakhtakia, and Weili Zhang. "Bilayer-fish-scale ultrabroad terahertz bandpass filter." Optics Letters 37, no. 5 (February 27, 2012): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.000906.

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Karlsson, J. O. G., Å. Nilsson, H. Sundgren, S. P. S. Svensson, H. Elwing, I. Lundström, and S. Ödman. "Fish-scale photometry and in vitro cytotoxicity." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 11, no. 1-3 (March 1993): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(93)85271-b.

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Ibáñez, A. L., E. Pacheco-Almanzar, and I. G. Cowx. "Does compensatory growth modify fish scale shape?" Environmental Biology of Fishes 94, no. 2 (November 16, 2011): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9962-4.

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Smolyar, Igor V., and Timothy G. Bromage. "Discrete model of fish scale incremental pattern: a formalization of the 2D anisotropic structure." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 6 (January 1, 2004): 992–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.07.013.

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Abstract The structure of growth patterns on fish scales is characteristically anisotropic: the number of circuli and their widths significantly vary with the direction of measurement. We show, however, that because of anisotropy, fish scale growth rate variability can be described in fuzzy terms. The index of structural anisotropy is introduced, which serves as a measure of the fuzziness of growth-rate quantification. A discrete model of fish scale incremental pattern is proposed, which takes into account the incremental structure in 2D. This model is based on a representation of the fish scale pattern as a relay network, taking anisotropy in the form of discontinuities and convergences of incremental structural elements into account, and the widths of growth increments in different directions. The model is used to formalize procedures necessary for the quantification of fish scale growth rate. The capability of the model for analysing objects with similar structural attributes as found in fish scale incremental patterns, such as those found in coral, otoliths, shells, and bones, is demonstrated.

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Sha, Xiao Mei, Zong Cai Tu, Hui Wang, Yan Shi, Guang Xian Liu, Ze Zhou Man, Tao Huang, and Lan Zhang. "Preparation and Properties on Gelatin from Fish Scale." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.352.

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The effect of solid-liquid ratio, pH, temperature, time on yield and gel strength of gelatin from fish scale was researched. The best process was obtained. That was solid-liquid ratio1:15, pH5.5, temperature 80°C, time 2h. In this condition, yield of gelatin was 55.782%, and gel strength was 571g. In addition, properties were compared between fish gelatin and mammalian gelatin. The results showed gel strength, foaming ability and water absorption of fish gelatin were better than mammalian gelatin. The emulsifying properties of fish gelatin were worse than mammalian gelatin. Foaming stability and water retention of fish gelatin were almost the same with mammalian gelatin.

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Karlsson, Jan Olof G., Nils Grundstrom, Hans Elwing, and Rolf G. G. Andersson. "The Fish Pigment Cell: An Alternative Model in Biomedical Research." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 18, no. 1_part_1 (November 1990): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299001800121.1.

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Receptor-mediated pigment aggregation within pigment cells (chromatophores) of an isolated fish scale is an ideal model system for functional receptor studies. The superficial layer of the scale contains both dermal chromatophores and postganglionic sympathetic nerves. By means of stimulation of the nerves, or by addition of appropriate receptor agonists, it is possible to elicit pigment aggregation within the chromatophores. A single fish can contribute hundreds of scales, various pharmacological and biochemical experiments are easily carried out and the physiological response, i.e. pigment aggregation, is readily evaluated by the aid of a light microscope or a simple scale photometer. A denervation model, based on isolated scales, permits studies of factors involved in the sensitivity change, which typically takes place after experimental or pathological denervation. By using isolated fish scales it is quite simple to illustrate many biomedically important concepts, like receptor theory and nerve-effector cell communication. This makes the scale a very useful preparation in biomedical education.

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Shu, Jing, Yuan Peng, Cong Dao Pan, Xian Zhong Cheng, and Li Deng. "The Removal of Mercury from Wasterwater by Using Fishwater Fish Scales." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 1977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1977.

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The adsorption of freshwater fish scales were used to remove Hg2+in industrial wastewater. The effects of pH, shaking time, initial concentration on the adsorption Hg2+onto freshwater fish scale were investigated. In these conditions, by varying the pH of the mercury (II) solutions from 2 to 8, the removal efficiency remained higher than 96%. Optimal adsorption capacity was 117.2 mg g-1at pH 6.0. Characterization of the biosorbent fish scales was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The mechanism for the adsorption was studied. The adsorption of Hg2+on to freshwater fish scale could be described by Langmuir isotherm model.

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Lee, M. E., A. Moller, P. S. O. Fouche, and I. G. Gaigher. "SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 744–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100124124.

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Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.

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Pollino, Carmel A., Pat Feehan, Michael R. Grace, and Barry T. Hart. "Reply to the comment by Crook and Koster (2006) 'Temporal change in fish assemblages in the lower Goulburn River, south-eastern Australia'." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05145.

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In an earlier paper, multivariate statistics were used on historic fisheries data sets to show spatial differences between fish communities in the Goulburn Catchment (Victoria, Australia). In this reply paper, some further statistical analyses are presented to provide evidence for the assertion that fish communities at each site were stable over the temporal scale of the data was valid. Indeed, evidence for the stabilisation and persistence of fish communities after a major disturbance has also been recognised in other studies. Furthermore, in making judgements about the stability and persistence of fish communities, the scale of a study is an important factor, with patterns at the catchment scale often not being the same as those at smaller spatial scales.

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Bousmar, Didier, Estelle Courtois, Loïc Van Audenhaege, and Xavier Rollin. "Performance of a fish pass for multiple species: Scale model investigation." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003010.

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Artificial fish passes are often the most effective solution to restore the ecological continuity of a dammed river. Such a pass can be built for specifically targeted fish species, based on the existing knowledge on its swimming capacity and behaviour. Usually, a wider range of possible species are present in the river and may use the fish pass. In the present study, a vertical slot fish pass has been designed for salmonid fish (namely Atlantic salmon Salmo Salar). This fish pass layout was initially tested using a scale model where juvenile fish were introduced. The study has now been extended to other species, some of them having weaker swimming capacity: bleak (Alburnus alburnus); chub (Squalius cephalus); and bullhead (Cottus gobio). Fish behaviour in the pass was observed using PIT-tag and video. PIT-tag tracking enabled to characterise the capability of the fish to cross the whole fish pass. Video recording was used to analyse in more details the behaviour of the fish in a specific pool.

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Ibáñez, Ana L., and Paul O’Higgins. "Identifying fish scales: The influence of allometry on scale shape and classification." Fisheries Research 109, no. 1 (April 2011): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.016.

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Scherz, Mark D., Juan D. Daza, Jörn Köhler, Miguel Vences, and Frank Glaw. "Off the scale: a new species of fish-scale gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Geckolepis) with exceptionally large scales." PeerJ 5 (February 7, 2017): e2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2955.

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The gecko genus Geckolepis, endemic to Madagascar and the Comoro archipelago, is taxonomically challenging. One reason is its members ability to autotomize a large portion of their scales when grasped or touched, most likely to escape predation. Based on an integrative taxonomic approach including external morphology, morphometrics, genetics, pholidosis, and osteology, we here describe the first new species from this genus in 75 years: Geckolepis megalepis sp. nov. from the limestone karst of Ankarana in northern Madagascar. The new species has the largest known body scales of any gecko (both relatively and absolutely), which come off with exceptional ease. We provide a detailed description of the skeleton of the genus Geckolepis based on micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) analysis of the new species, the holotype of G. maculata, the recently resurrected G. humbloti, and a specimen belonging to an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) recently suggested to represent G. maculata. Geckolepis is characterized by highly mineralized, imbricated scales, paired frontals, and unfused subolfactory processes of the frontals, among other features. We identify diagnostic characters in the osteology of these geckos that help define our new species and show that the OTU assigned to G. maculata is probably not conspecific with it, leaving the taxonomic identity of this species unclear. We discuss possible reasons for the extremely enlarged scales of G. megalepis in the context of an anti-predator defence mechanism, and the future of Geckolepis taxonomy.

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Lv, Songtao, Long Hu, Chengdong Xia, Milkos Borges Cabrera, Yanpeng Guo, Chaochao Liu, and Lingyun You. "Recycling fish scale powder in improving the performance of asphalt: A sustainable utilization of fish scale waste in asphalt." Journal of Cleaner Production 288 (March 2021): 125682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125682.

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Haraldstad, Tormod, Thrond Oddvar Haugen, Reidar Borgstrøm, and Bror Jonsson. "Increased precision of growth data gained by reading multiple scales from each individual of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Fauna norvegica 36 (February 24, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/fn.v36i0.1954.

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The precision of growth estimates based on fish scales often remains uncertain because of withinindividual variation in scale size and scale patterns, and also due to measurement errors. Based on scale readings of Atlantic salmon, we show that errors decreased with number of times and number of scales read per fish. The annual number of scale circuli was not constant, but positively correlated with annual specific growth rates. Number of circuli deposited after the last winter correlated positively with sampling date. There was no significant relationship between mean inter-circuli distance and the total circuli number during the first and second year at sea. For growth estimation in scientific studies, we recommend the use of 4-5 scales per fish. Consideration should be given to both circuli number and inter-circuli distances when estimating growth rate instead of relying on inter-circuli distances only.

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Bradbury, I. R., S. E. Campana, and P. Bentzen. "Low genetic connectivity in an estuarine fish with pelagic larvae." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-154.

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We evaluated the spatial scale of metapopulation structure and genetic connectivity in rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, using eight microsatellite loci at 22 spawning locations throughout Newfoundland and Labrador. Consistent with low gene flow and limited dispersal, significant genetic structuring (FST ≈ 0.11) was present at small spatial scales (<200 km). Moreover, strong isolation by distance (IBD, P < 0.001, r2 = 0.47) was observed, which was linear at small scales and nonlinear at large distances (>200 km). We hypothesized that despite high dispersal potential associated with a pelagic larval stage, behaviours restricting gene flow may result in structuring at the estuary scale. Multidimensional scaling and neighbour-joining of multilocus genotypes indicate some bay-scale associations. However, a comparison of FST values and IBD residuals at both estuary and bay scales indicated low structure within and elevated structure among estuaries. Estuarine structuring was further supported by the presence of significant small-scale IBD within several coastal embayments (50–100 km), as well as Bayesian clustering consistent with estuarine-scale independence. Finally, estimates of dispersal based on the IBD relationship are consistent with local estuarine recruitment (<1.5 km·generation–1). We conclude that the unexpectedly high genetic structure observed is consistent with behavioral influences reducing dispersal, supporting previous work implicating active larval retention.

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Cavalcante, Davi de Holanda, Suzete Roberta da Silva, Paloma Damasceno Pinheiro, Ádila da Cunha Martins, and Marcelo Vinícius do Carmo e. Sá. "Lab-scale periphyton-based system for fish culture." Ciência Rural 41, no. 12 (November 21, 2011): 2177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782011005000146.

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The present research aimed to assess a lab-scale model to study periphyton-based systems for fish culture. Twenty-five liters plastic aquaria were stocked with three Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, juveniles (0.77±0.09g; 12 fish m-2) for 6 weeks in a 2x2 factorial design. Small plastic bottles were placed in some aquaria for periphyton development. Two feeding regimes were employed: "full-fed" (standard feeding rates were fully adopted) and "half-fed" (50% of standard feeding rates). Growth performance and limnological variables were observed in each aquarium. There werefive replicates per treatment. Fish have fed actively on periphyton, especially in the half-fed aquaria. The placement of periphyton bottles had no significant effects on the water quality variables, except by the gross primary productivity which became lower. Half-fed aquaria presented lower concentrations of ammonia (0.28-0.29mg L-1), nitrite (0.33-0.37mg L-1) and phosphorus (0.42-0.43mg L-1) than full-fed aquaria (0.57-0.60mg L-1; 0.75-0.77mg L-1; 0.67-0.70mg L-1, respectively). The final body weight of fish in half-fed aquaria with periphyton bottles (6.22±0.64g) was significantly higher than in aquaria without bottles (4.65±0.36g). Although the growth rate of fish was lower in the half-fed aquaria (4.27-4.72 vs. 5.29-5.61% BW day-1), survival was significantly higher when compared to the full-fed aquaria (93.3-100.0 vs. 80.0-83.4%). Only in the aquaria with periphyton the feed conversation ratio was improved by the feeding restriction regime.

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Chinh, Nguyen Thuy, Vu Quoc Manh, Vu Quoc Trung, Tran Dai Lam, Mai Duc Huynh, Nguyen Quang Tung, Nguyen Duy Trinh, and Thai Hoang. "Characterization of Collagen Derived From Tropical Freshwater Carp Fish Scale Wastes and Its Amino Acid Sequence." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 7 (July 2019): 1934578X1986628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19866288.

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Collagen from fish scale waste is currently being studied as a promising biological material to replace collagen from animals because of advantages such as safe, fat-free, not suffering from communicable diseases, and easy absorption in human body solutions. Finding the suitable process of extracting fish scale collagen is necessary because extracting collagen from fish scales by chemical methods often requires a long time. Therefore, in this paper, some bases and acids at different concentrations were chosen to find the most suitable condition for extracting fish scale collagen from the wastage of different scale fishes belonging to the familiar Cyprinus genus. The characterizations of the extracted collagen including structure, morphology, element composition, relative molecular weight, amino acid composition, denaturation temperature, crystal structure, and thermal stability were investigated. In addition, the amino acid sequence of the extracted collagen was also determined and compared with the National Center for Biotechnology Information protein database.

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Ramadhani, Ajeng Ayu, and Nirmala Fitria Firdhausi. "Potensi Limbah Sisik Ikan Sebagai Kitosan dalam Pembuatan Bioplastik." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 6, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v6i2.782.

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Bioplastics are environmentally friendly plastics derived from natural materials. Bioplastics are easier to decompose when compared to commercial plastics. Bioplastics are generally made from starch contained in plants. But the use of starch as a base material has the disadvantage of producing bioplastics that are not waterproof. Therefore, it is necessary to add chitosan to improve bioplastic characteristics. Chitosan usually comes from the shell of crustacean animals, but it turns out that in fish scales waste, also contains chitosan. Fish scales are a by-product of the process of fish processing. Fish scales are only discarded and not utilized so that they become waste that can pollute the environment. Fish scales have a chitin content that can process into chitosan, which can be useful as an additional ingredient in the manufacture of bioplastics. This review aims to find out the potential of fish scales waste as chitosan in the manufacture of bioplastics. Based on the results of previous research, fish scales have a chitosan content that can use as an additional ingredient in the manufacture of bioplastics. Fish scale chitosan can form bioplastic film with characteristic brownish-yellow film. The addition of fish scale chitosan is also able to improve the water resistance of bioplastic film. Based on the results of the review can be concluded bring fish scales to have the potential as chitosan that can use in the manufacture of bioplastic.Keywords – Bioplastic, Chitosan, Fish Scales.

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Jawad, Laith A., Ana L. Ibáñez, Zahra Sadighzadeh, Joacim Näslund, and Erhan Ünlü. "Scale deformity descriptions for 23 species of fish, from various geographical areas and habitats." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 2 (2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17110.

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A renewed interest in fish scale anomalies prompted the present study, wherein we document a wide range of scale morphological abnormalities, including deformities in shape and structure, of a large number of species. In the present study, 63 cases of deformities were reported from 23 fish species collected from five countries. The abnormalities observed are discussed within the framework of contaminated aquatic environments, with a goal of recognising the cause of abnormality. Deformed scales exhibited different shapes, showing both slight (n=52 cases) and severe (n=9 cases) abnormalities. The scale deformations described in the present study should help direct future work on the relationships between environmental condition and fish health.

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Glenn, C. L., and J. A. Mathias. "Circuli development on body scales of young pond-reared walleye (Stizostedion vitreum)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-135.

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The development of circuli on the scales of young walleye were related to fish size and age. The species first develop scales in the caudal peduncle region of the body when the fish are approximately 30 mm in total body length and about 36 days old. Scale growth and circulus formation are directly related to body growth, with maximum deposition occurring in late July and early August. Seldom are circuli continuous ridges surrounding the scale focus; rather the number of lateral and central circuli are dependent on scale shape, body size, and time. The distances between respective circuli of all age groups examined were relatively constant except for a progressive increase in intercircular spaces between the first four circuli of fish aged 36–64 days. Within each age group the mean intercircular distances between the first 10 to 12 circuli tended to decrease with distance from scale focus. Cteni develop on caudal scales when scales have four to five circuli and when walleye are about 6 weeks of age.

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Fajari, Chairunnisa Nur Aulia, Muh Yusuf, and Nurrahman Nurrahman. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Sisik Ikan Bandeng Terhadap Kadar Kalsium, Daya Kembang dan Organoleptik Camilan Stick." Jurnal Pangan dan Gizi 9, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jpg.9.1.2019.65-73.

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Stick is snack which favoured by society but lack of nutrition content, especially mineral calcium, then needed an other materials to completed it with the addition of Chanos fish scales fluor. The general purposed of this research was to determined the effect of used Chanos fish scales to calcium levels, swell strength and organoleptic of stick snack. The method of this research is experiments methods used completely randomized design (RAL) monofaktorial by a factor variation of addition 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Statistical analysis showed an influence from the addition of fish scales fluor to calcium levels and organoleptic that showed from p value <0,05, but no influenced on the swell strength. The best treatment of this research are 3% additional of fish scales with calcium levels 0,38%, swell strength value 1,375%, quality scale value 3,675 and hedonic value 2,83. The conclution of this research are more higher percentage additional of Chanos fish scales will increase calcium level and hedonic value but degraded the quality scale value.

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Scheel, Hans J. "Tidal Energy and Large-Scale Fish Farming, Benefits of Novel Tsunami and Flooding Barriers." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 5, no. 5 (October 2014): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.532.

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Hohausová, Eva. "Exchange rate and small-scale movements of fish between a river and its backwater." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 147, no. 4 (February 11, 2000): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/147/2000/485.

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Nur, Rinto Muhammad, and Asy’ari Asy’ari. "The Utilitation of Fish Scale Waste as A Chitosan." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 13, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.13.2.269-273.

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Fish scales are fishery waste that can still be utilized because many contain chemical compounds such as organic proteins (41–84%), and the rest are mineral residues and inorganic salts. Fish scales are reported to contain proximate, calcium, and chitin. Chitin can be extracted into chitin by the deasetillation process. Chitosan is a biomaterial that can be used as a food preservative, a pharmaceutical ingredient. This research aims to extract chitin from fish scales and find out the comparison of chitin rendemen in different types of fish. The study was conducted from July to September 2020. Samples of fish scales Upeneus mullocensisi, Lethrinus sp., Caesio chrysozona, and Scarus rivulatus were obtained from the Traditional Market and Morotai Culinary Center. The process of making chitosan is carried out in the FPIK Laboratory of Universitas Pasifik Morotai. The extraction of chitosan from fish scales through three stages is deproteination, demineralization, and deasetilation. The results showed the protein and mineral content of fish scales vary, namely Upeneus mullocensisi (67.83% and 29.84%), Lethrinus sp. (36.80% and 15.99%), Caesio chrysozona (51.84% and 22.99%), and Scarus rivulatus (82.96% and 14.31%). The highest chitosan rendemen in Lethrinus sp. (13.22%), followed by Caesio chrysozona (7.74%), Upeneus mullocensisi (0.80%), and Scarus rivulatus (0.05%). Some chitosan characteristics, such as color, shape, and smell, meet commercial chitosan standards.

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Zou, Li, Meng Zhao, Fangfang Cao, Shiliang Zan, Xuezhen Cheng, and Xiaofeng Liu. "Fish Tracking Based on Feature Fusion and Scale Adaptation in a Real-World Underwater Environment." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.2.12.

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Abstract Fish tracking is an important component of analyzing fish behavior and estimating fish population density. Due to the high degree of freedom of fish motion as well as the complex natural underwater environment, most existing object tracking methods are not ideal for fish tracking. In this paper, a fish tracking method based on feature fusion and scale adaptation is proposed, which is built on a kernelized correlation filter (KCF) to achieve accurate and rapid tracking. The proposed method mainly focuses on feature selection and scale estimation in the KCF framework. In feature selection, the color-naming feature and the histogram of oriented gradients feature are fused to improve the fish appearance model and reduce the influence of the high degree of freedom of fish motion and the complex natural underwater environment. In the scale estimation, an adaptive scale estimation scheme is employed to adapt the fish scale variation by learning a 1-D scale correlation filter. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and accurate for fish tracking in real-world underwater environments.

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Guan, Lu, John F. Dower, and Pierre Pepin. "Characterizing spatial structures of larval fish assemblages at multiple scales in relation to environmental heterogeneity in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 11 (November 2018): 1902–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0194.

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Spatial structures of larval fish in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada) were quantified in the springs of 2009 and 2010 to investigate linkages to environmental heterogeneity at multiple scales. By applying a multiscale approach, principal coordinate neighborhood matrices, spatial variability was decomposed into three predefined scale categories: broad scale (>40 km), medium scale (20∼40 km), and fine scale (<20 km). Spatial variations in larval density of the three dominant fish taxa with different early life histories (Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), and northern smoothtongue (Leuroglossus schmidti)) were mainly structured at broad and medium scales, with scale-dependent associations with environmental descriptors varying interannually and among species. Larval distributions in the central-southern Strait were mainly associated with salinity, temperature, and vertical stability of the top 50 m of the water column on the medium scale. Our results emphasize the critical role of local estuarine circulation, especially at medium spatial scale, in structuring hierarchical spatial distributions of fish larvae in the Strait of Georgia and suggest the role of fundamental differences in life-history traits in influencing the formation and maintenance of larval spatial structures.

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Buchanan, Allison, Carla Morales, Stephen Looney, and Sajitha Kalathingal. "Fish scale artefact on an intraoral imaging receptor." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 46, no. 8 (December 2017): 20170224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20170224.

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Almeida, Silverio P., Roger W. Wygant, Ambrose Jearld, and Judith A. Penttila. "Optical Fourier transform characterization of fish scale age." Applied Optics 26, no. 12 (June 15, 1987): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.002299.

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Vorob’eva, E. I. "Processes of scale formation in fish and Agnatha." Biology Bulletin 39, no. 2 (March 27, 2012): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359012020112.

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Medhi, Pangkhi, Ololade Olatunji, Atul Nayak, Chandra Teja Uppuluri, Richard T. Olsson, Buchi N. Nalluri, and Diganta B. Das. "Lidocaine-loaded fish scale-nanocellulose biopolymer composite microneedles." AAPS PharmSciTech 18, no. 5 (March 28, 2017): 1488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-017-0758-5.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fish scale'

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