Academic literature on the topic 'Fisheries – Africa, East'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fisheries – Africa, East"
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Jones, Benjamin L., and Richard K. F. Unsworth. "The perverse fisheries consequences of mosquito net malaria prophylaxis in East Africa." Ambio 49, no. 7 (2019): 1257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01280-0.
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Abstract Malaria is a serious global health issue, with around 200 million cases per year. As such, great effort has been put into the mass distribution of bed nets as a means of prophylaxis within Africa. Distributed mosquito nets are intended to be used for malaria protection, yet increasing evidence suggests that fishing is a primary use for these nets, providing fresh concerns for already stressed coastal ecosystems. While research documents the scale of mosquito net fisheries globally, no quantitative analysis of their landings exists. The effects of these fisheries on the wider ecosystem assemblages have not previously been examined. In this study, we present the first detailed analysis of the sustainability of these fisheries by examining the diversity, age class, trophic structure and magnitude of biomass removal. Dragnet landings, one of two gear types in which mosquito nets can be utilised, were recorded across ten sites in northern Mozambique where the use of Mosquito nets for fishing is common. Our results indicate a substantial removal of juveniles from coastal seagrass meadows, many of which are commercially important in the region or play important ecological roles. We conclude that the use of mosquito nets for fishing may contribute to food insecurity, greater poverty and the loss of ecosystem functioning.
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Lowe, Benjamin S., Susan K. Jacobson, Happiness Anold, Athanasio S. Mbonde, and Catherine M. O’Reilly. "Adapting to change in inland fisheries: analysis from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa." Regional Environmental Change 19, no. 6 (2019): 1765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01516-5.
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Conway, Declan, Edward Allison, Richard Felstead, and Marisa Goulden. "Rainfall variability in East Africa: implications for natural resources management and livelihoods." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1826 (2005): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1475.
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This note examines the effects of climate variability on natural–resources management in East Africa. The bimodal rainfall regime in much of East Africa brings rainy seasons from March to May and October to December with greater interannual variability from October to December. We discuss the impacts of rainfall extremes in 1961 and 1997 and explore three examples of natural–resources management in the context of rainfall variability: inland fisheries in East and southern Africa; fluctuations in the level of Lake Victoria; and lake–shore communities around Lake Kyoga in Uganda. The discussion reflects the complexity of linkages between climate, environment and society in the region and highlights implications for natural–resources management. These range from benefits due to improved seasonal rainfall forecasting to reduce the damage of extremes, to improved understanding of existing climate–society interactions to provide insights into the region's vulnerability and adaptive capacity in relation to future climate change.
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McClanahan, TR. "Coral reef fish communities, diversity, and their fisheries and biodiversity status in East Africa." Marine Ecology Progress Series 632 (December 12, 2019): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13153.
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Nielsen, Jesper Raakjær, Poul Degnbol, K. Kuperan Viswanathan, Mahfuzuddin Ahmed, Mafaniso Hara, and Nik Mustapha Raja Abdullah. "Fisheries co-management—an institutional innovation? Lessons from South East Asia and Southern Africa." Marine Policy 28, no. 2 (2004): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(03)00083-6.
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Mushagalusa, C. D., M. Nshombo, and M. Lushombo. "Littoral fisheries on Cichlidae (Pisces) from the northwestern part of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 17, no. 1 (2014): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2014.883893.
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García-Reyes, Marisol, and Shigalla B. Mahongo. "Present and future trends in winds and SST off central East Africa." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, no. 1/2020 (February 11, 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.si2020.1.6.
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The coast of central East Africa (CEA) is a dynamic region in terms of climate, in which fisheries and marine-related services impact a large portion of the population. The main driver of regional dynamics is the seasonal alternation of the Northeast (NE) and Southeast (SE) monsoons. Winds associated with these monsoons modulate the prevalent, remotely-forced East African Coastal Current (EACC). Here, present and future trends in winds and sea surface temperature (SST) of the CEA and adjacent regions are investigated using reanalysis and reconstructed data, and an ensemble of General Circulation Models. It was found that the winds and SST show unidirectional trends, with magnitude and spatial differences between the NE and SE monsoons. Winds show weakening trends during the NE monsoon, in the past and future, of the Somali region; with no significant trends during the SE monsoon. SST shows increasing trends in the entire region in the past and future, with stronger warming during the NE monsoon off Somalia; SST trends are smaller in the CEA. These trends could impact the CEA through increased water-column stability and decreased upwelling due to shifting of the EACC separation from the continent. However, given the coarse resolution of data analyzed, regional modeling is still necessary to understand the impacts on local dynamics and productivity in the CEA.
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Cepić, Dražen, and Fiona Nunan. "Justifying non-compliance: The morality of illegalities in small scale fisheries of Lake Victoria, East Africa." Marine Policy 86 (December 2017): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.09.018.
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McGlue, Michael M., Kevin M. Yeager, Michael J. Soreghan, et al. "Spatial variability in nearshore sediment pollution in Lake Tanganyika (East Africa) and implications for fisheries conservation." Anthropocene 33 (March 2021): 100281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2021.100281.
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Jurado-Ruzafa, Alba, Eva Hernández, Verónica Duque-Nogal, et al. "Life history parameters of the round sardinella Sardinella aurita in the Central East Atlantic off north-west Africa." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 6 (2020): 997–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531542000079x.
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AbstractSardinella aurita has become an important source of fish protein-intake in NW African countries, where one stock is considered from Morocco to south Senegal, performing seasonal reproductive migrations along the coast. Although data are limited for the fisheries involved and for life-history knowledge of the species in the area, a precautionary approach is recommended to avoid overexploitation. Commercial landings of round sardinella produced by the European freezer-pelagic trawlers operating in Mauritanian waters were analysed between May 2004 and February 2012. The length-weight relationships (LWRs) (N = 40,725) did not show significant differences between sexes. Ripening round sardinellas were present throughout the year, but spawning effort rose between June and December. The length at first maturity for males and females was estimated at 27.7 cm TL (2.1 years) and 28.1 cm TL (2.2 years), respectively. Ages were interpreted from otoliths, varying from 0 to 8 years. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters resulted in non-statistically significant differences between sexes (P = 0.28). Natural mortality was estimated at ~0.63 year–1. The results provide important biological information for fisheries assessment of a species that plays an important key role in the current climate change scenario and for the economies of the riparian countries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fisheries – Africa, East"
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Brouwer, Stephen Leonard. "An assessment of the South African east coast linefishery from Kei Mouth to Stil Bay." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005076.
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During the period April 1994 and February 1996 as part of an investigation into the national Iinefishery, the east coast shore fishery and the recreational and commercial ski-boat fisheries were surveyed, at eight sites between Kei Mouth in the East and Stil Bay in the West. Roving creel, access point and aerial surveys were used. A questionnaire was developed for each sector to gather data on catch and effort, fisher demographics, economics, fisher attitudes towards, and knowledge of, the current management regulations and assess the efficacy of the fisheries inspectorate. During the access point survey the catch of 3273 fishers was inspected and 1556 interviews were conducted. Questionnaires were conducted on 118 recreational ski-boaters and the catch of 165 boats was inspected. 96 commercial skippers were interviewed and 230 had their catch inspected. Three aerial surveys of the entire area were conducted during which a total of 1067 shore fishers were counted giving a shore fisher density of 0.39 fishers.km⁻¹. The majority (99%) of participants in all sectors of the linefishery were male. The greatest number of participants were white, shore fishery 77% recreational ski-boat 98% commercial skiboat 89%, followed by coloured, asian and black people. To a large extent this reflects the income of various racial groups. Most fishers supported the current linefish management plan. However, when tested on their knowledge of the size limits, bag limits and closed seasons of their target species many shore fishers (59%) did not know them and a high proportion of fishers in all sectors had disobeyed at least one of the regulations (shore 50%, recreational ski-boat 70%, commercial ski-boat 56%). When compared to historical data the present catch per unit effort (CPUE) in all sectors has decreased. Most interviewees in the various sectors did not accept responsibility for the decline in CPUE, but attributed it to three principal reasons vis their perceived direct competitors, trawling and pollution. Analysis of the catch revealed that all sectors were multispecies fisheries, with each sector being characterised by a small number of target species. Catch composition differed significantly between the shore and ski-boat sectors, but there was significant overlap between the two skiboat sectors. Analysis of the catch in comparison to that reported to the National Marine Linefish System (NMLS) revealed that there was a substantial degree of under-reporting. There was little seasonal difference in effort in the shore fishery while the recreational ski-boat effort was highest in the summer and the commercial ski-boat effort was high in the winter. Effort in the shore and recreational ski-boat fisheries was concentrated over weekends while the commercial ski-boat effort was highest during weekdays. Total effort for the entire area was estimated at 903 186 (±1913) fisher days per annum in the shore fishery, 24 357 (±685) recreational ski-boat fisher days and 64 266 (±1686) commercial ski-boat fisher days. Expenditure and capital investment in the various sectors was calculated, as were earnings of the participants in the commercial ski-boat sector. The linefishery in the Eastern Cape was estimated to have a minimum capital investment in excess of R210 million and more than R32 million is spent annually on running costs. The commercial ski-boat fishery directly employed an estimated 3184 people. The economic implications of changes in CPUE for the commercial ski-boat fishery are considered, as are the benefits of a recreational angling licence. Management of the linefishery is discussed in relation to the findings of this study.
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Dicken, Matthew Laurence. "Population dynamics of the raggedtooth shark (Carcharias taurus) along the east coast of South Africa." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/247/.
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de, la Torre-Castro Maricela. "Humans and Seagrasses in East Africa : A social-ecological systems approach." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Systems Ecology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1061.
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<p>The present study is one of the first attempts to analyze the societal importance of seagrasses (marine flowering plants) from a Natural Resource Management perspective, using a social-ecological systems (SES) approach. The interdisciplinary study takes place in East Africa (Western Indian Ocean, WIO) and includes in-depth studies in Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Natural and social sciences methods were used. The results are presented in six articles, showing that seagrass ecosystems are rich in seagrass species (13) and form an important part of the SES within the tropical seascape of the WIO. Seagrasses provide livelihoods opportunities and basic animal protein, in from of seagrass associated fish e.g. Siganidae and Scaridae. Research, management and education initiatives are, however, nearly non-existent. In Chwaka Bay, the goods and ecosystem services associated with the meadows and also appreciated by locals were fishing and collection grounds as well as substrate for seaweed cultivation. Seagrasses are used as medicines and fertilizers and associated with different beliefs and values. Dema (basket trap) fishery showed clear links to seagrass beds and provided the highest gross income per capita of all economic activities. All showing that the meadows provide social-ecological resilience. Drag-net fishery seems to damage the meadows. Two ecological studies show that artisanal seaweed farming of red algae, mainly done by women and pictured as sustainable in the WIO, has a thinning effect on seagrass beds, reduces associated macrofauna, affects sediments, changes fish catch composition and reduces diversity. Furthermore, it has a negative effect on i.a. women’s health. The two last papers are institutional analyses of the human-seagrass relationship. A broad approach was used to analyze regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive institutions. Cooperation and conflict take place between different institutions, interacting with their slow or fast moving characteristics, and are thus fundamental in directing the system into sustainable/unsustainable paths. Ecological knowledge was heterogeneous and situated. Due to the abundance of resources and high internal control, the SES seems to be entangled in a rigidity trap with the risk of falling into a poverty trap. Regulations were found insufficient to understand SES dynamics. “Well” designed organizational structures for management were found insufficient for “good” institutional performance. The dynamics between individuals embedded in different social and cultural structures showed to be crucial. Bwana Dikos, monitoring officials, placed in villages or landing sites in Zanzibar experienced four dilemmas – kinship, loyalty, poverty and control – which decrease efficiency and affect resilience. Mismatches between institutions themselves, and between institutions and cognitive capacities were identified. Some important practical implications are the need to include seagrass meadows in management and educational plans, addressing a seascape perspective, livelihood diversification, subsistence value, impacts, social-ecological resilience, and a broad institutional approach.</p>
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Kaminsky, Alexander. "Social capital and fisheries co-management in South Africa: the East Coast Rock Lobster Fishery in Tshani Mankozi, Wild Coast, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003110.
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It is evident that natural fish stocks are in rapid decline and that millions of people around the world rely on these resources for food and for securing a livelihood. This has brought many social scientists, biologists and fisheries experts to acknowledge that communities need to take more control in managing their natural resources. The paradigm shift in fisheries management from a top-down resource orientated control to a participatory people-centred control is now being advocated in many maritime nations in facilitating community-based natural resource management. At the heart of these projects is the establishment of institutions and social networks that allow for clear communication and information sharing, based on scientific data and traditional knowledge which ultimately allow empowered communities to collectively manage their resources in partnership with government, market actors and many other stakeholders. Central to the problem is the issue of access rights. In many situations where co-management of natural resources through community-government partnerships is advocated, the failure of coastal states to provide adequate legislature and regulatory frameworks has jeopardised such projects. A second issue is the failure of many states to provide adequate investments in social and human capital which will enable communities to become the primary stakeholder in the co-management of their natural resources. Whilst investments like capacity building, education, skills training and development, communications and institution building can initially require high financial investments, the regulatory costs for monitoring, controlling and surveying fish stocks along the coastline will go down as communities take ownership of their resources under sustainable awareness. The main unit of investment therefore is social capital which allows for the increase in trust, cooperativeness, assertiveness, collective action and general capabilities of natural resource governance. High levels of social capital require good social relations and interactions which ultimately create a social network of fishers, community members and leaders, government officials, market players, researchers and various other stakeholders. Co-management thus has an inherent network structure made up of social relations on a horizontal scale amongst community members as well as on a vertical scale with government and fisheries authorities. These bonding relations between people and the bridging relations with institutions provide the social capital currency that allows for a successful co-management solution to community-based natural resource governance. The South African coastline is home to thousands of people who harvest the marine resources for food security and securing a basic income. Fishing is a major cultural and historical component of the livelihoods of many people along the coastline, particularly along the Wild Coast of South Africa located on its South-eastern shoreline. Due to the geopolitical nature of South Africa’s apartheid past many people were located in former tribal lands called Bantustans. The Transkei, one of the biggest homelands, is home to some of South Africa’s poorest people, many of whom rely on the marine resources. By 1998 the government sought to acknowledge the previously unrecognised subsistence sector that lived along the South African coastline with the promulgation of the Marine Living Resources Act. The act sought to legalise access rights for fishers and provide opportunities for the development of commercial fisheries. The act and many subsequent policies largely called for co-management as a solution to the management of the subsistence sector. This thesis largely explains the administrative and legislative difficulties in transporting the participatory components of co-management to the ground level. As such co-management has largely remained in rhetoric whilst the government provides a contradictory policy regarding the management of subsistence and small-scale fishers. This thesis attempts to provide qualitative ethnographic research of the East Coast Rock Lobster fishery located in a small fishing village in the Transkei. The fishery falls somewhere on the spectrum between the small-scale and subsistence sector as there are a basket of high and low value resources being harvested. It will be argued that in order to economically and socially develop the fishery the social capital and social networks of the community and various stakeholders needs to be analysed in order to effectively create a co-management network that can create a successful collective management of natural resources thereby sustaining these communities in the future.
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Mwanja, Wilson Waiswa. "Genetic biodiversity and evolution of two principal fisheries species groups, the Labeine and Tilapiine, of Lake Victoria region, East Africa /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488194825666344.
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Nini, Nobuhle Aurelia. "Abalone poaching in the East london area, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006805.
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Abalone poaching is a major problem in South Africa. The South African abalone, Haliotis midae, rates as an extreme example of high levels of illegal harvesting. The research aimed at examining the role of the different role players in preventing poaching of the species in the East London area of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and determining the challenges the officers faced as there was an increase in poaching in the area. To achieve this aim, the research techniques including questionnaires, interviews and focus groups were used. Fisheries compliance and enforcement faces challenges of the illegal harvesting of abalone since 1994. In the past 18 years (1994-2012), and more specifically in the past nine years (2004-2012), poaching of abalone has increased at an alarming rate along the East London coastline. The failure of the state to issue fishing rights and conduct effective sea-based compliance, combined with the incentives to fish abalone created the conditions for rapid emergence of illegal harvesting. The uncontrolled fishing had a dramatic effect on the stock, and the average size of abalone decreased significantly. The Eastern Cape Province abalone cultivation industries were developed due to the decline in harvesting of abalone. Government departments such as the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; the Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism; the South African Police Services together with the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency have conducted joint operations to combat the illegal harvesting of abalone. These operations have led to many arrests of abalone poachers along the East London coastline. The quantity of confiscated abalone has increased from 2007 to 2011. The positive results achieved by the departments during joint operations showcase robust efforts to eradicate the environmental transgression in the East London Coastline. Joint operations are encouraged by all the departments to save the species for future generations. Workshops involving different stakeholders had to take place and the policies in place must have a bottom-up approach where communities are involved.
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Kemp, J. O. G. "Mariculture as a means to add value to the east coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus rubellus subsistence fishery : a physiological approach to define transport and growout protocols for wild caught juveniles." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005144.
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In a context of declining capture fisheries and public pressure for greater access to marine resources, marine aquaculture is receiving increasing interest from the South African government as a means to increase the diversity of economic activities in coastal regions, thereby providing employment and reducing poverty. The east coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus rubellus is currently harvested by subsistence fisherman along the former Transkei coastline of south-east South Africa and presents a possible opportunity for ongrowing wild juvenile lobsters in culture facilities. Lack of compliance coupled with poor enforcement of the minimum size limit (65 mm carapace length) has resulted in the ongoing harvest of undersize size lobsters by subsistence fishers. Generally, fishers either consume these undersize lobsters or sell them to tourists for low prices. In line with international trends in rock lobster aquaculture, interest has subsequently arisen in the possibilities of ongrowing these undersize lobsters as a means of adding value to the P. h rubellus resource for subsistence fishers. The aim of this physiological study was to assess the biological feasibility of harvesting, transporting and culturing wild caught juvenile lobsters, thereby provide empirical data to inform the development of suitable transport and culture protocols. The experimental objectives were to asses the effect of temperature on growth and survival of P. h. rubellus, as well as the effects of a suite of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption. Juvenile lobsters were collected by hand from near-shore reefs (2-15 m depth) off Mdumbi in the former Transkei, Eastern Cape Province and transported by road (7 hours) to the Port Alfred Marine Research Laboratory where they were held in a recirculating culture system. The effect of temperature over a range of 9.7 °C (18.9±0.7 to 28.6±1.5 °C) on the growth and survival of juvenile P. h. rubellus fed a diet of fresh mussel flesh was investigated. Specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly different between temperatures (p = 0.01), with the highest values recorded for the 24 °C and 28 °C treatments. There was no significant difference in moult increment (MI) between temperatures, however, intermoult period (IMP) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.0015) with mean IMP lowest at 24 °C, although not significantly different from the means of the 26 °C and 28 °C treatments. IMP was highest at 19 °C and 21 °C. Apparent feed intake was significantly different between treatments (p < 0.0001) and exhibited a strong positive correlation with increasing temperature. Food conversion ratio (FCR) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.02) with 24 °C exhibiting the most efficient FCR. The results for growth rate and food conversion efficiency suggested that 24 °C is optimal for the growout of juvenile P. h. rubellus. In the second study, the effect of body weight, emersion, daily rhythm, feeding and ambient ammonia on the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion rate was investigated. Body weight (n = 16, range of 16.8 – 322 g) was positively correlated to daytime TAN excretion rate (mg h⁻¹). Re-immersion after one hour emersion in a moist environment was characterized by a significant increase in TAN excretion rate for the first hour compared to pre-immersion levels. The amount of TAN excreted during this period was as expected if basal TAN excretion rates were maintained during emersion. TAN excretion rates returned to pre-emersion levels by the end of the second hour. There was no evidence of a daily rhythm in TAN excretion rate for P. h. rubellus. TAN excretion rates were elevated following feeding. An initial peak in TAN excretion rate after seven hours (7.58 times pre-feeding rate) was followed by a smaller peak after 13 hours (6.69 times pre-feeding rate). TAN excretion rate dropped to levels not significantly different from pre-feeding levels after 23 hours and consistently returned to pre-feeding levels after 42 hours. The TAN excretion rates of lobster exposed for two hours to an ambient TAN concentration of 1.02±0.10 mg l⁻¹ and 2.3± 0.2 mg l⁻¹ were not significantly different from TAN excretion rates recorded at low ambient water TAN prior to exposure. Exposure to an ambient TAN concentration of 4.45±0.78 mg l⁻¹ had a significant effect on the TAN excretion rate, with pronounced ammonia uptake occurring for all animals at this concentration. The third study investigated the effects of body weight, diurnal rhythm, feeding and emersion on lobster oxygen consumption. Body weight was positively correlated to both standard and active oxygen consumption (mg O2 h⁻¹) while body weight was negatively correlated to mass-specific standard oxygen uptake (mg O2 g⁻¹ h⁻¹). Diurnal rhythm exhibited a strong effect on the lobsters oxygen consumption, with average night time values 67% greater than those recorded during the day. This was related to activity driven by intrinsic nocturnal foraging behaviour. Feeding resulted in a classic specific dynamic action (SDA) response, with postprandial oxygen consumption increasing to a peak before decreasing gradually to preprandial levels. Emersion resulted in a significant increase in oxygen consumption, with lobsters rapidly recovering to pre-emersion levels after four hours. Results from these studies suggest that the capture, transport and culture of juvenile P. h. rubellus is biologically feasible. Empirical data generated were used to provide recommendations regarding species optimised transport and culture protocols. A purge time of 48 hours before transport is suggested to ensure that ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption are at basal levels. Furthermore, emersed transport for a period of one hour is characterised by rapid recovery upon re-immersion. In order to prevent the accumulation of stressors, it is suggested that consecutive periods of emersion are interjected with recovery periods (five hours) in water to allow the removal of accumulated ammonia and repayment of the oxygen debt incurred. The recorded ammonia rates indicate that a biological filter size of 4.8 m³ is recommended for 1000 kg of fed lobsters in a culture situation, although this can be reduced considerably if lobsters are being held without feeding (0.72 m³). A flow rate of 112 l kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ is required to meet the metabolic requirements of lobsters. Bottlenecks to the viable commercial culture of P. h. rubellus, and the ability of this practice to provide the socio-economic benefits that were envisioned, are discussed.
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Simonit, Silvip. "Ecological-economic modelling and implications of land use change and wetlands extent on freshwater fisheries : the case of Lake Victoria (East Africa)." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9948/.
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Watershed degradation and the conversion of wetlands to alternative uses affect water quality, having profound implications for the freshwater ecosystem and fisheries of Lake Victoria. Through dynamic simulations using the Ecopath approach we show that eutrophication may explain the sudden upsurge of the introduced Nile perch during the 1980s. During these years an important trigger of change was an abrupt shift in primary productivity due to an external shock, probably related to an El Nino-ENSO event. The Nile perch population explosion during the 1980s caused a profound transformation ofthe fishing industry leading to a dramatic increase in fishing effort. Our equilibrium analysis from the base values of an Ecopath mo~l for year 1989 depicts an overfishing situation. To quantify the combined effect of eutrophication and fishing effort on the-aggregate fish stock and fishery we specify and estimate a biomass dynamics model, which embeds a measure of phytoplankton biomass as an environmental variable. We found that in a eutrophic state, which for the Kenyan waters of Lake Victoria was above an estimated chlorophyll-a concentration threshold of 17.11 mg m-3 , a further increase in phytoplankton biomass would cause a decrease in aggregate fish stock biomass and landings respectively. We then model the relation between land use change and water quality, considering the nutrient retention function of wetlands. First, we identify catchment-based indicators, in particular price indicators and wetland extent, which may anticipate changes in ,. environmental variables driving stock assessment models. We then study both nutrient loading and wetland reclamation externalities to the fishery sector, focusing on the Yala swamp, one of the largest wetlands in the Kenyan basin of Lake Victoria. Finally we propose a spatially distributed land use tax as policy instrument for reaching the desired objective of changing farmers' behaviour and maximising the total economic benefit to society.
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Bodin, Örjan. "A network perspective on ecosystems, societies and natural resource management." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Systems Ecology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-844.
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<p>This thesis employs a network perspective in studying ecosystems and natural resource management. It explores the structural characteristics of social and/or ecological networks and their implications on societies’ and ecosystems’ ability to adapt to change and to cope with disturbances while still maintaining essential functions and structures (i.e. resilience).</p><p>Paper I introduces terminology from the network sciences and puts these into the context of ecology and natural resource management. Paper II and III focus on habitat fragmentation and how it affects an agricultural landscape in southern Madagascar. Two ecosystem services were addressed: (1) crop pollination by bees, and (2) seed dispersal by ring-tailed lemurs. It is shown that the fraction of the studied landscape presently covered by both crop pollination and seed dispersal is surprisingly high, but that further removal of the smallest habitat patches in the study area could have a severe negative impact on the landscape’s capacity to support these ecosystem services.</p><p>In Papers IV and V, the network approach is used to study social networks and the impact they may have on the management of natural resources. In Paper IV it is found that social networks of low- to moderate link densities (among managers) significantly increase the probability for relatively high and stable utility returns whereas high link densities cause occasional large-scale ecological crises between periods of stable and excessively high utility returns. In Paper V, social networks of a rural fishing community in eastern Africa were analyzed. The results indicate that patterns of communication partly explain the distribution of ecological knowledge among villagers, and that gear type used by small-scale coastal fishermen strongly correlates with their patterns of communication. The results also show that groups most central in the network, and hence potentially most influential, are dominated by one type of fishermen.</p>
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Hauzer, Melissa. "Community-based governance of artisanal fisheries, Ngazidja Island, Comoros." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3585.
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Tropical small-scale fisheries represent the main livelihood and protein source for a substantial portion of the global population. Growing pressures on marine resources, however, have left many fishing communities faced with declining catches and increased environmental degradation. Effective management strategies and governance institutions are thus critically important. Conventional top-down, exogenous approaches to fisheries management have been ineffective in more traditional and small-scale fisheries. Yet, there remains little understanding of the effectiveness of alternative approaches and few studies offer feasible solutions for managers in lesser developed nations. This case-study of artisanal fisheries in the Comoros examines how effective local fishing associations are at managing common fisheries resources, and provides some understanding of the underlying characteristics of effectiveness. To do so, qualitative methods were used to collect data on fishing practices, local knowledge and beliefs, governance structures, and livelihoods in male and female fisheries in five villages on Ngazidja island.
The results of this study are organized into three papers. The first paper focuses on current fisheries trends on Ngazidja and the implications of the gradual shift from traditional to modern fishing practices. This paper contributes to the overall goal of this study as the modernization of the fishing sector may affect both the ecological sustainability of the fishery and the ability of local fishing associations to effectively govern fisheries. Results show that although the fishery sector is not undergoing a rapid modernization, loss in traditional practices, beliefs, and values are occurring and may be linked to corresponding declines in marine resources. Improved monitoring systems will help inform local governing institutions about the need to develop enhanced management practices. The second paper examines the effectiveness of community-based governance of artisanal fisheries and addresses the overarching goal of the study by improving understanding of the key elements of success of the community fishing associations. These fishing associations collectively design, monitor, and enforce local regulations. Decisions are based on local knowledge and experience, and management strategies are based on low-cost, practical solutions. Compliance with local regulations is high, primarily due to participatory decision-making, community-monitoring, and strong feelings of solidarity among fishers.
The last paper looks at fisherwomen on Ngazidja and focuses specifically on documenting their fishing practices, livelihood contributions, and potential participation in fisheries management. This paper is critical to enhancing understanding of the impacts and potential of the fishery on Ngazidja as the sector has so far failed to take into account all marine harvesting activities, particularly those undertaken by women. Moreover, authorities have recently attempted to ban women from fishing as their practices are considered destructive to near-shore reefs and juvenile fish populations. Results from the study indicate that women’s fishing methods can be destructive and may have contributed to localized declines in intertidal marine resources and habitats. Yet, fisherwomen also provide substantial contributions to household livelihoods. Thus, banning the fishery altogether is not an acceptable solution. Instead, authorities should work to empower fisherwomen with the tools necessary to manage their fishery sustainably, which will eventually lead to improved conservation measures.
Overall, this case-study provides a unique example of how collective governance of common-pool resources can be achieved within communities, and how feelings of empowerment and shared responsibility among users can lead to effective management practices. There are a number of clear lessons learned from the successes of this fishery that can be applied to other similar small-scale fisheries. Future research priorities should concentrate on assessing the ecological sustainability of current fishing and management practices, and paying particular attention to the recognition and inclusion of fisherwomen. Marine conservation and sustainable fisheries systems are only facilitated when all users are recognized and engaged in management and policy decisions.<br>Graduate
Books on the topic "Fisheries – Africa, East"
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FAO Regional Workshop on the Elaboration of National Plans of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (2003 Kariba, Zimbabwe). Report of the FAO regional workshop on the elaboration of national plans of action to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing: Southern and East Africa subregion : Kariba, Zimbabwe, 24-28 November 2003. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003.
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Greboval, D. F. Fisheries characteristics of the shared lakes of the East African Rift. FAO of the United Nations, 1994.
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FAO, Regional Workshop on the Elaboration of National Plans of Action to Prevent Deter and Eliminate Illegal Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (2004 Penang Malaysia). Report of the FAO Regional Workshop on the Elaboration of National Plans of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, Southern and East Africa Subregion: Penang, Malaysia, 10-14 October 2004. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005.
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Org, Food and Agriculture. Fisheries Characteristics of the Shared Lakes of the East African Rift (CIFA Technical Paper). Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fisheries – Africa, East"
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Jennings, Christian. "Unexploited Assets: Imperial Imagination, Practical Limitations, and Marine Fisheries Research in East Africa, 1917–53." In Science and Empire. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230320826_12.
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Ponte, Stefano, Reuben M. J. Kadigi, and Winnie Mitullah. "When the Market Helps: Standards, Ecolabels and Resource Management Systems in East African Export Fisheries." In Global Agro-Food Trade and Standards. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230281356_9.
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van Sittert, Lance. "The South African Fisheries: A Preliminary Survey of Historical Sources." In The Exploited Seas. Liverpool University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007312.003.0008.
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Lance van Sittert explores the historical records concerning the exploitation of marine resources along the West Coast of Africa, using them to provide evidence of the commerical importance of the West Coast over the East or South. The date demonstrates a boom-bust cycle along the West Coast, pertaining to whales, snoek, guano, rock lobster, hake, and pilchard.
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Aloo, P. A. "Anthropogenic Impact on Fisheries Resources of Lake Naivasha." In The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203748978-18.
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Katunzi, E. F. B. "A Review of Lake Victoria Fisheries with Recommendations for Management and Conservation." In The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203748978-20.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Fisheries – Africa, East"
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Huzayyin, O. A., M. S. El Morsi, M. A. Serag-Eldin, and M. F. El-Bedaiwy. "Prototype for Solar Powered Chip-Ice Production Facility." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72510.
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Fishermen in highly isolated communities like Shallatin and Halayeb (Southern Egypt) suffer from the fouling of their catch before reaching the markets, due to the prevailing high ambient temperatures. Thus, they resort to block or crushed ice to cool their catch. Since fresh water is unavailable naturally, energy is needed to produce the fresh water from sea water, as well as to operate the chiller for ice production. Hence, employing solar energy as the sole source of energy for manufacturing ice, and producing the ice straight from saline water provides independence from both the electric grid and fresh water resources. A prototype solar powered facility for chip ice production from saline water has been designed, manufactured and erected in Shallatin for this purpose. The prototype, basically an ice production machine provides facilities for fish chilling and refrigeration compartments for vaccines, medicines and food products. The produced ice can be easily transported in to fishing boats in 10 kg plastic boxes that are easy to carry and handle. The prototype design employs many standard parts to cut costs and development time. Adequate ventilation with natural heat leakage to the cool surfaces of equipment (e.g. external surfaces of tanks and their piping) produces the desired room temperature without need for a fan coil unit, as discovered in actual implementation. The design should be applicable to all environments similar to Halayeb and Shellatin, which includes many places on the Red sea in the Gulf area and Africa. It is thus expected to be attractive for commercial exploitation in those places, and offers opportunities for local manufacturing and exportation of industrial products.