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Journal articles on the topic 'Fisheries Fiji'
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1
Teh, Louise S. L., Lydia C. L. Teh, and U. Rashid Sumaila. "Low Discounting Behavior among Small-Scale Fishers in Fiji and Sabah, Malaysia." Sustainability 3, no. 6 (June 20, 2011): 897–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su3060897.
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Understanding the socio-economic factors that are associated with fishers’ willingness to delay gratification may be useful for designing appropriate fisheries management and conservation policies. We aim to identify the predictors of low discounting behaviour among fishers, which is analogous to having a longer-term outlook. We base our empirical study on two small-scale tropical reef fisheries in Sabah, Malaysia, and Fiji. We use an experimental approach to identify fishers with low discount rates, and then use a logistic regression model to identify predictors of low discount rates. We find that 42% of the respondents have low discount rates, and that site and village level variables are significant predictors of low discount rates. Within Sabah and Fiji, boat ownership and relative catch differentiate low discounting from non-low discounting fishers, but these variables have contradictory effects in Sabah and Fiji. Overall, our results imply that a substantial proportion of reef fishers may be willing to engage in conservation initiatives; however, local socio-cultural, economic, and ecological conditions have to be considered first during the process of designing management interventions.
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Robin South, G., and Joeli Veitayaki. "The Constitution and Indigenous Fisheries Management in Fiji 1." Ocean Yearbook Online 13, no. 1 (1998): 452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160098x00209.
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Chand, Savin, Than Aung, and Shivanesh Rao. "Physical properties of southern Fiji waters." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 22, no. 1 (2004): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp04012.
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CTD-O2 (conductivity, temperature, depth and oxygen) data collected in the southern part of Viti Levu during the cruises ('96, '97, '98, '99 & '03) of the Japanese fisheries research vessel, Koyo-maru were analyzed to identify the isothermal layers, thermocline depths, and their annual variations. Despite the difference in years and locations during the survey, seasonal thermoclines at 50-100 m depth, permanent thermoclines at 100-600 m depth and haloclines at 250-600 m depths were found. In conjunction with the temperature, salinity and depth analysis, water mass properties were also investigated, and T-S diagrams were used to identify the water mass movement and formation. The results indicate that the water mass extending from 200-600 m originated from West South Pacific Central Water and the water mass between 600-1100 m originated from Antarctic Intermediate Water.
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Lowery, Roger. "Should Redclaw Crayfish be introduced to Fiji?" Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 4 (1995): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960312.
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Whenever a new organism comes on the aquaculture scene there is a rush to try it out and to introduce the species to new locations. Such was the case with Pacifastacus leniusculus in Europe in the early 1980s. In the UK there was at the time no legislation to control such introductions and commercial pressures ensured that the species was soon widely distributed throughout the UK. One consequence was the introduction of the Crayfish Plague Aphanomyces astaci which resulted in the destruction of large populations of the native crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in several river systems. It was against this background that I came to learn of a proposal to introduce Cherax quadricarinatus to Fiji in 1991. The commercial proposal was put to the Department of Fisheries who were considering accepting it when, on the basis of experience with crayfish in the UK, I proposed that there should be a delay while the species was evaluated for its likely effect on the Fijian fauna.
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Miller, Cara, Aisake Batibasaga, Prerna Chand, Sirilo Dulunaqio, Margaret Fox, Stacy Jupiter, Waisea Naisilisili, Yashika Nand, Saras Sharma-Gounder, and Brian Smith. "Cetacean diversity, common occurrence and community importance in Fijian waters." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 3 (2016): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14933.
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Fiji has demonstrated a strong commitment to cetacean conservation via national, regional and international plans and agreements. To provide baseline information in support of these efforts, this paper provides an updated listing of cetacean species found in Fijian waters and identifies locations where cetaceans have been noted on a consistent basis. Information for this review was sourced from peer-reviewed publications, field reports, historical whaling records, national consultations, anecdotal and opportunistic sources, as well as a national database held by the Fiji Government’s Department of Fisheries. Reliable and recent records were confirmed for 10 cetacean species in Fijian waters. In addition, less reliable records and regional species’ information provides support for the occurrence of at least 14 additional species or groups of similar-looking species that could not be identified more specifically. Thirteen hotspot areas within the Fiji Economic Exclusive Zone were preliminarily identified as being particularly important for cetaceans, including numerous sites within the Vatu-i-Ra and Lomaiviti passages and surrounding waters. Issues with the available data include uneven coverage, inherent biases within available sources, and difficulties with species identification and verification in some cases. Nevertheless, it is hoped that this review will provide a reference point from which to move forward with cetacean management and conservation efforts in Fiji.
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Jennings, S. "Artisanal fisheries of the Great Astrolabe Reef, Fiji: monitoring, assessment and management." Coral Reefs 17, no. 1 (March 27, 1998): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050099.
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Igbal, Mohammed Rasheed, Ubaadah Bin Iqbaal, Ronald Rajesh Kumar, and Royford Bundi Magiri. "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Agricultural System and Food Supply in Fiji." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 6 (May 15, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n6p227.
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Pacific Island Countries (Kiribati, Fiji, Samoa, and many others) rely on fisheries and agricultural systems for their livelihood and economic development. However, the COVID-19 scenario has led to vast degradation in the agriculture supply, economy, and food security system, resulting in poverty, an increase of unemployment percentage, and a decrease in the tourism industry. The policies related to COVID-19 restrictions, such as lockdowns, access to markets and social distancing, has caused a high reduction in the income of many households. Food purchasing from vendor markets and supermarkets has decreased rapidly due to its prices. Several individuals cannot afford to buy the food items, leading to lower food supply within and outside the country. In addition, several people have been moving to rural areas due to Unemployment. They have started to perform backyard gardening small-scale farming, which again results in lower production of commercial farmers and loss of food supply to consumers. Not only Fiji, but the whole world is experiencing the same situations, which have led to the Government making innovative actions against this deadly virus to protect the citizens from this pandemic. FNPF withdrawals, farming packages, and other initiatives indulged by the Government of Fiji and other Pacific Countries are being discussed in this review. Countries have examined the effects of the Coronavirus on the agricultural system and food supply chain in Fiji and other Pacific nations.
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Purcell, Steven W., Watisoni Lalavanua, Brian R. Cullis, and Nicole Cocks. "Small-scale fishing income and fuel consumption: Fiji’s artisanal sea cucumber fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 5 (March 27, 2018): 1758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy036.
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Abstract Understanding the income and costs of fishing is fundamental to managing fisheries and planning interventions to improve efficiency and gender equity. Few studies offer data on fisher incomes and fuel use in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and fewer have assessed factors influencing variation among fishers and between genders. We interviewed 235 artisanal fishers among 34 island villages in an artisanal sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of geographic and socioeconomic variables on incomes and fuel use from fishing sea cucumbers. Net income of sea cucumbers to fishers, averaging FJ$8, 171 year−1 (US$4, 494 year−1) (range: FJ$0–52,008 year−1), varied among villages and was 47% lower for women than men. On an average, 60% of fishers’ gross annual income came from fishing and selling sea cucumbers, although this proportion varied greatly even within villages. Fishers who practised gleaning, fished less often, or possessing numerous livelihood income streams, were less economically dependent on sea cucumbers. Men tended to estimate higher incomes for an average day of fishing than women when compared with their recall of last sale. Fuel use varied greatly among regions in Fiji but, overall, averaged 428 L fisher−1 year−1, and represented 28% of gross income. More economical fishing strategies by women resulted in lower fuel use than men per fishing day. Breath-hold divers used less fuel (compared to fishers using scuba) and fishers targeting deep-water species used more fuel than other fishers. A best approximation of 8000 t CO2 year−1 for the carbon footprint of the whole fishery suggests that some SSFs, such as the one studied here, can be significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, even compared to many large-scale fisheries globally. Reforms to the management of SSFs should consider regulations that minimize carbon emissions and reduce economic dependency on vulnerable marine resources.
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Veitayaki, Joeli, Alifereti Tawake, Alifereti Bogiva, Semisi Meo, Nacanieli Ravula, Ron Vave, Pio Radikedike, and Patrick Sakiusa Fong. "Addressing Human Factors in Fisheries Development and Regulatory Processes in Fiji: The Mositi Vanuaso Experience." Ocean Yearbook Online 21, no. 1 (2007): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160007x00128.
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Dey, Madan Mohan, Kamal Gosh, Rowena Valmonte-Santos, Mark W. Rosegrant, and Oai Li Chen. "Economic impact of climate change and climate change adaptation strategies for fisheries sector in Fiji." Marine Policy 67 (May 2016): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.12.023.
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Harrington, Christy. "In the Name of Growth--Fiji: A Story of Fisheries Development, Indigenous Women and Politics (review)." Contemporary Pacific 14, no. 2 (2002): 527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2002.0048.
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Jupiter, Stacy D., and Daniel P. Egli. "Ecosystem-Based Management in Fiji: Successes and Challenges after Five Years of Implementation." Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/940765.
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In 2005, a network of 3 large, district-wide marine protected areas (MPAs) and 17 village-managed closures (tabu) was established in Kubulau District, Fiji. Underwater visual census (UVC) data of fish biomass and benthic cover were collected between 2007 and 2009 and analysed with PERMANOVA and ANOSIM to assess differences between closed and open areas. High reef fish biomass (>1000 kg/ha) within closures, significantly elevated over open areas, was consistently observed from: (1) tabu areas on naturally productive reefs within visual distance from villages; and (2) the large, long-term permanent closure located away from fishing pressure. Factors that may have contributed to low fish biomass within closures include small size of closures; noncompliance with management rules; and disclosure of management success to fishers from villages with high reliance on fisheries products. Future success of the network depends on improving awareness of management rules and ensuring implementation within a broader ecosystem framework.
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Read, Robert. "Sustainable natural resource use and economic development in small states: the tuna fisheries in Fiji and Samoa." Sustainable Development 14, no. 2 (2006): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sd.303.
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Long, Emily. "Marine Protected Areas in Fiji: a critical assessment of ‘Community Fisheries Management and Development Plans’ as a mechanism for formalising customary MPAs, in particular LMMAs." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 21, no. 2 (November 2018): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2018.02.01.
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Fiji's National Government has committed to using Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to protect its marine environment. As Fiji is in the process of reforming its marine law, now is an opportune time to develop statutory mechanisms for establishing and regulating MPAs. This article considers the regulation of MPAs in Fiji's coastal waters—where the intersection of statutory and customary law poses particular challenges. ‘Customary MPAs’ already exist in Fiji's coastal environments, taking the form of tabu areas and ‘Locally Managed Marine Areas’ (LMMAs). Both of these are important mechanisms that any new statutory framework should incorporate and strengthen. In 2010, the draft Inshore Fisheries Decree (draft Inshore Decree) was prepared. Although the draft Inshore Decree appears to have stalled, it may yet be progressed to a final bill. Alternatively, some of the measures in it may be incorporated into another law. This article assesses one mechanism in the draft Inshore Decree that could be used to formalize customary MPAs—Community Fisheries Management and Development Plans (CFMDPs). It finds that CFMDPs demonstrate a number of strengths, in particular by supporting legal recognition of existing marine management measures. However, there are also weaknesses. Nevertheless, with refinement CFMDPs may be a useful tool for regulating Fiji's coastal MPAs.
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Lee, Steven, Amanda K. Ford, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Christian Wild, and Sebastian C. A. Ferse. "Effects of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) removal on shallow-water sediments in Fiji." PeerJ 6 (May 18, 2018): e4773. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4773.
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Sea cucumbers play an important role in the recycling and remineralization of organic matter (OM) in reef sands through feeding, excretion, and bioturbation processes. Growing demand from Asian markets has driven the overexploitation of these animals globally. The implications of sea cucumber fisheries for shallow coastal ecosystems and their management remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the current study manipulated densities of Holothuria scabra within enclosures on a reef flat in Fiji, between August 2015 and February 2016, to study the effects of sea cucumber removal on sedimentary function as a biocatalytic filter system. Three treatments were investigated: (i) high density (350 g m−2 wet weight; ca. 15 individuals); (ii) natural density (60 g m−2; ca. 3 individuals); and (iii) exclusion (0 g m−2). Quantity of sediment reworked through ingestion by H. scabra, grain size distribution, O2 penetration depth, and sedimentary oxygen consumption (SOC) were quantified within each treatment. Findings revealed that the natural population of H. scabra at the study site can rework ca. 10,590 kg dry sediment 1,000 m−2 year−1; more than twice the turnover rate recorded for H. atra and Stichopus chloronotus. There was a shift towards finer fraction grains in the high treatment. In the exclusion treatment, the O2 penetration depth decreased by 63% following a 6 °C increase in water temperature over the course of two months, while in the high treatment no such change was observed. SOC rates increased ca. two-fold in the exclusion treatment within the first month, and were consistently higher than in the high treatment. These results suggest that the removal of sea cucumbers can reduce the capacity of sediments to buffer OM pulses, impeding the function and productivity of shallow coastal ecosystems.
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Fache, Elodie, and Simonne Pauwels. "Tackling coastal “overfishing” in Fiji: advocating for indigenous worldview, knowledge, and values to be the backbone of fisheries management strategies." Maritime Studies 19, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40152-020-00162-6.
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Chamberlain, T. "Histamine levels in longlined tuna in Fiji: A comparison of samples from two different body sites and the effect of storage at different temperatures." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 19, no. 1 (2001): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp01006.
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This paper examines histamine production in albacore, bigeye and yellowfin tuna caught by longliners operating in Fijian waters. The research was undertaken in collaboration with the Fijian Fisheries Division and the tuna industry. A comparison of histamine production between species, sampling location and temperatures was undertaken. The results reveal that histamine levels do increase with temperature but that there is no difference in histamine build-up between species at each temperature tested. There was no significant difference between the two sampling locations tested, one of which was taken from a low-value head region, and will potentially make a significant saving for operators. Histamine levels are well below the recommended maximum value when samples are stored at 6oC, which validates the recommended USFDA guidelines. A new ELISA test for determining histamine concentration (Veratox) and the AOAC fluorometric method were used. The Veratox ELISA kit was found to be inadequate for food safety monitoring as it tends to underestimate histamine levels.
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COOKE, ANDREW J., NICHOLAS V. C. POLUNIN, and KOLINIO MOCE. "Comparative assessment of stakeholder management in traditional Fijian fishing-grounds." Environmental Conservation 27, no. 3 (September 2000): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000333.
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The customary tenure of reef areas in many parts of the South Pacific offers an obvious context within which fishery resources might be managed cooperatively between customary-rights owners and fisheries personnel in government, yet the local foundations for such co-management have received little critical attention. Seven customary fishing rights areas (CFRAs) in Fiji were the focus of the present study, the objective being to compare management of CFRAs subject to differing levels of fishing access and ascertain those factors most influential to local management practices. The intensity of access (‘access pressure’) was measured as the number of licences issued per CFRA and per unit area, while management was assessed as an index, based on evidence of five aspects of management (management structure, marshalling of information for management, approach to goodwill payments, management measures and patrolling and enforcement) derived from questionnaires. Management varied amongst the CFRAs, one of the seven being essentially unmanaged because of a breakdown in succession between chiefs. There was little evidence for management responding uniformly to access pressure; rather, two CFRAs evinced a certain management aptitude regardless of this pressure, and two other CFRAs evinced relatively little management although pressure was high. A simple survey technique can indicate useful contrasts amongst CFRAs in functional local management, and thus be useful for guiding decisions about where to make investments in local management or co-management.
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Longenecker, Ken, Erik C. Franklin, Renee Hill-Lewenilovo, Watisoni Lalavanua, Ross Langston, Sangeeta Mangubhai, and Susanna Piovano. "Many immature individuals and largest size classes lacked females for three coral reef fishes (Actinopterygii) in Fiji market surveys: Implications for fishery management." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 52, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aiep.52.80586.
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Data-limited fisheries benefit from using life-history traits as biological indicators of targeted stocks. We used histology-based reproductive analyses to estimate size at maturity, per capita egg production, and the number and biomass of immature individuals in the catch for three common coral reef fishes in Fiji market surveys during 2010–2019. We studied Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775), Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803), and Chlorurus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854), which represent three families: Lutjanidae, Mullidae, and Scaridae, respectively. Fork length comprising 50% mature individuals for females of L. gibbus was 22.7 cm, that of P. indicus was 25.9 cm, attaining 38.0 cm for C. microrhinos. Females were rare or absent in the largest size classes of all three species. Immature fish represented up to 50% by number and 41% by biomass of the catch in market surveys, with P. indicus having the greatest immature number (8%‒50%) and biomass (6%‒41%), followed by C. microrhinos (20%‒30% by count, 11%‒18% by biomass) and L. gibbus (9%‒28% by count, 5%‒14% by biomass). Individuals ≤ 30 cm for L. gibbus and P. indicus and ≤ 45 cm for C. microrhinos were responsible for ≥ 90% of egg production per spawning. Skewed size-specific sex ratios suggested that exploitation of the largest size classes had minimal effect on overall egg production. Decreased catches of immature fishes would increase the reproductive population sizes for these species.
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Wendt, Hans K., Rebecca Weeks, James Comley, and William Aalbersberg. "Systematic conservation planning within a Fijian customary governance context." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 2 (2016): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc16001.
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Although conservation planning research has influenced conservation actions globally in the last two decades, successful implementation of systematic conservation plans in regions where customary marine tenure exists has been minimal. In such regions, local community knowledge and understanding of socioeconomic realities may offer the best spatially explicit information for analysis, since required socioeconomic data are not available at scales relevant to conservation planning. Here we describe the process undertaken by the Kadavu Yaubula Management Support Team, a team of researchers from The University of the South Pacific and the local communities to assess whether systematic conservation planning tools can be effectively applied and useful in a customary governance context, using a case study from Fiji. Through a participatory approach and with the aim of meeting local-scale conservation and fisheries needs, a spatial conservation planning tool, Marxan with Zones, was used to reconfigure a collection of locally designed marine protected areas in the province of Kadavu in order to achieve broader objectives. At the local scale, the real value of such tools has been in the process of identifying and conceptualising management issues, working with communities to collate data through participatory techniques, and in engaging communities in management decision making. The output and use of the tool has been of secondary value. The outcome was invaluable for developing marine protected area network design approaches that combine traditional knowledge with ecological features in a manner appropriate to a Melanesian context.
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Cardeñosa, Diego, Kerstin B. J. Glaus, and Juerg M. Brunnschweiler. "Occurrence of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in the Navua River in Fiji." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 3 (2017): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16005.
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Effective species conservation requires the protection of all stages of its life-cycle. The Shark Reef Marine Reserve (SRMR) in Fiji is a marine protected area where large numbers of adult bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) congregate due to food provisioning. At the end of a calendar year bull sharks leave the area for reproductive activity, but parturition sites are still unknown. Between February 2014 and January 2015, we interviewed local fishermen and conducted a fishing survey, so as to assess presence and abundance of bull sharks in the Navua River near the SRMR. In total 84% of fishermen reported either seeing or catching sharks up to 8km upriver from the river mouth. They described them as small sharks having a rounded snout and being grey–brown in colour with a white belly, morphological characteristics that match juvenile bull sharks. During the fishing survey, a total of nine juvenile bull sharks were captured, including two that were recaptured after 108 and 92 days at liberty. Our findings confirmed the presence of bull sharks in the Navua River and provide a preliminary characterisation of a potential shark parturition or nursery area from a data-poor region.
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Prokhorov, Mikhail F. "Moscow region Fili in the 1920s." Historical and social-educational ideas 12, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2020-12-6-40-60.
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The author examines socio-economic and cultural provisions of the Fili, located in the Western suburb of Moscow of during the nep. Topic for the study area in scientific and local history the literature was practically not studied. The source base was documents extracted from archives Moscow and newly introduced in scientific - research agreements, protocol, statements, resolutions and instructions to deputies. Sources allow you to determine features of peasant occupations agriculture, small scale artisanal fisheries, trade. Special attention is paid to on the establishment of industrial production, its industry focus. Documents reflecting the activities at Fili concession of enterprise the firm Junkers, let us find out the forms and methods governance and relationships foreign companies with Soviet power. The article also explains the state of improvement, life and leisure local population. The conclusion of the article emphasizes the temporary the nature of the nep and its collapse by the late 1920s.
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Thomas, Alyssa S., Sangeeta Mangubhai, Chloe Vandervord, Margaret Fox, and Yashika Nand. "Impact of Tropical Cyclone Winston on women mud crab fishers in Fiji." Climate and Development 11, no. 8 (November 29, 2018): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2018.1547677.
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Glaus, Kerstin B. J., Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser, Susanna Piovano, Sharon A. Appleyard, Juerg M. Brunnschweiler, and Ciro Rico. "Fishing for profit or food? Socio-economic drivers and fishers’ attitudes towards sharks in Fiji." Marine Policy 100 (February 2019): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.037.
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Oros, Mikhail M., Vitaly V. Lutz, Andrukh H. Pavlo, and Andrii D. Sitkar. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THROMBOPHILIC GENES POLYMORPHISM, INCLUDING SERPIN 1 (PAI-I), FII, PROTHROMBIN AND ITGB3-Β INTEGRIN, ON THE FREQUENCY OF STROKE IN ASSOCIATION WITH CONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS FOR ITS OCCURRENCE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 3 (2020): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202003112.
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The aim is the analysis of the relationship between the polymorphism of thrombophilic genes, in particular Serpin 1 (PAI-1), F2-prothrombin and ITGB3-β integrin, and the incidence of stroke, as well as the study of factor effects of this polymorphism in association with controlled risk factors (hypertonic disease, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, obesity, atrial fibrillation). Materials and methods: A total of 134 patients were examined (men accounted for 44.8%, women 55.2%, average age 62.5 ± 2.1). The statistical analysis was carried out using the following criteria: χ2-Pearson, Fisher’s exact criterion (reversible), Chuprov’s coefficient of conjugation and dispersion analysis (alternative complex). Results: The relationship between the frequency of a specific allele of thrombophilia and the incidence of stroke is absent. The reason for such results can be a significant effect of random factors (hypertension, diabetes ...), a significant variability of risk factors, their different frequency in groups (inter- and intra-group differences), a significant (95%) total effect of these factors. Conclusions:Identification of biochemical or genetic markers of thrombophilic conditions, including polymorphism of the hemostasis system genes, will significantly increase the possibility of adequate pathogenetic treatment and timely prevention of acute cerebrovascular disorders, especially persons of working age, which has great medical and social importance.
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Krause, Manuela, Alexander Bauer, Hartmut Clausnizer, Gili Kenet, Dorothee Kowalski, Verena Limperger, Ann-Kathrin Pilgrimm-Thorp, Daniela Manner, and Ulrike Nowak-Göttl. "Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban: An Observationalmulticenter Cohort Study Reporting the Routine Use in Adolescents & Adults with DVT." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5083.5083.
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Abstract Background: Antithrombotic therapy with Rivaroxaban [RIVA] is increasingly being administered for secondary TE prophylaxis in adults. The objective of the present study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of standard RIVA administered as routine medication in an outpatient cohort of pts with TE. Furthermore, on an explorative basis we investigated the influence of RIVA on coagulation factors and biomarkers, and the impact of RIVA monitoring during routine administration. Methods: In 140 consecutively admitted whiteoutpts (15-82 yrs; male 56%) with TE and standard RIVA medication (2x 15 mg followed by 20 mg absolute) recruited between January 2013 and January 2014, a comprehensive monitoring of RIVA through (24h) and peak levels (2h, 4h; Xa-based chromogenic substrate S-2732; Haemochrom Diagnostica) alongwith anti-factor-Xa-activities [Xa; Xa-based assay, Haemochrom Diagnostica], selected coagulation factors and biomarkers (factors II, V, VIII, von-Willebrand-Ristocetin-cofactor [RICO], antithrombin [AT], protein C [PC], D-Dimer, prothrombin fragment F1+2 [F1+2], dRVVT-ratio) was performed during routine follow-up. Efficacy endpoints were defined as any TE or thrombus progression during treatment, safety endpoints were defined as significant bleeding requiring any medical intervention, such as dose reduction, withdrawal of RIVA or death related to therapy. Blood samples were taken during routine follow-up visits in the study centers on a monthly (RIVA start) to 3-months (maintenance) interval. Apart from descriptive analysis non-parametric statistics was performed. In addition, chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was applied. Results: During the study period of 15 months in 140 pts 210 follow-up visits including analyses of 420 individual blood samples were performed. Median pt age was 49yrs, with no difference between males and females. Median (min-max) body weight [bw] per kg was 85 (50-151). Median (min-max) daily RIVA dose per kgbw was 0.2 mg (0.09-0.51).Due to a significant lower bw the median daily RIVA dose of 0.24 mg (0.1-0.51) in females was significantly higher compared to males with 0.20 mg (0.09-0.4; p<0.000). The RIVA dose was clearly correlated to Xa (p<0.0001; rho=0.945). Median (min-max) 24h RIVA levels were 19 ng/ml (0-182) corresponding to Xa activities of 0.1 IU/ml (0.1-1.5), 2h RIVA levels were 175 ng/ml (13-390) and 2h Xa levels 1.19 IU/ml (0.1-2.86). Finally, 4h levels revealed 169 ng/ml (26.8-427) for RIVA and 1.47 IU/ml (0.15-3.27) for Xa activities. During the study period in one out of 140 patients thrombosis progression was observed [0.71%]: Shortly after reduction to once daily 20 mg RIVA a 21-year-old woman developed severe TE progression with the need to switch from RIVA to Enoxaparin, since during RIVA induction (2x15 mg) gastrointestinal hemorrhage had occurred. A total of 11 clinical relevant bleeding episodes [7.86%] were diagnosed during the follow-up in 9 of 140 patients, 8 females, 1 male (gastrointestinal n=2, both-sided recurrent nose bruising n=2, large hematomas n=3, uterine hemorrhage n=4), with a median (min-max) age of 23 years (15-80). Median (min-max) RIVA dose per kgbw was significantly higher in bleeders compared to non-bleeders (0.28 mg [0.18-0.51] vs. 0.20 mg [0.09-0.40]; p=0.04) corresponding to a significantly enhanced RIVA through level (43.5 ng/ml [23-153] vs. 18.7ng/ml [0-182]; p< 0.000). In addition, in two females mild von-Willebrand-disease could not be ruled out, and in the 80-year-old male with recurrent bruising ASA co-medication was documented.When coagulation factors at RIVA through levels were compared with peak levels, significantly reductions were measured for FII, FV, FVIII, D-Dimer and F1+2 and, vice versa, elevated activities for AT, PC and RICO were found. dRVVT ratios were normal at baseline only. Of note, elevated AT levels measured via Xa-based assays during RIVA treatment mask inherited AT deficiency previously confirmed by sequencing (n=3). Conclusion: In conclusion, data of this cohort study demonstrated that efficacy of RIVA in outpts with TE is good, however, the bleeding rate of 7.86% is too high. With respect to this safety endpoint we have demonstrated a dose - and a drug-level-dependency of RIVA standard therapy. We suggest that drug monitoring is mandatory in selected pts, especially in cases of bleeding-related co-mediations or concomitant bleeding disorders. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Glaus, Kerstin B. J., Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm, William T. White, and Juerg M. Brunnschweiler. "Characteristics of the shark fisheries of Fiji." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1 (December 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep17556.
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Kitolelei, Salanieta, Randy Thaman, Joeli Veitayaki, Annette Breckwoldt, and Susanna Piovano. "Na Vuku Makawa ni Qoli: Indigenous Fishing Knowledge (IFK) in Fiji and the Pacific." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (July 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.684303.
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The time-tested Indigenous fishing knowledge (IFK) of Fiji and the Pacific Islands is seriously threatened due to the commercialization of fishing, breakdown of traditional communal leadership and oral knowledge transmission systems, modern education, and the movement of the younger generations to urban areas for work and/or study. Consequently, IFK, which has been orally transmitted for generations, has either been lost, not learned by the current generation, or remains undocumented. This study focuses on the critical need to conserve and include IFK as a basis for assessing the conservation status of ecologically and culturally keystone fisheries species as a basis for planning site-specific management of marine and freshwater fisheries in Fiji and the Pacific Islands. The study reviews studies of the last two and a half centuries on IFK from Fiji and elsewhere in the small oceanic islands of the Pacific, as a basis for the conservation, documentation and intergenerational transfer of this knowledge as the foundation for sustainable fisheries management. The study also reviews: the nature and conservation status of IFK, itself; and the conservation status of species considered to be of particular ecological and cultural importance; reasons for the loss of species/taxa and associated knowledge and practices; and actions that can be taken to address this loss.
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Kitolelei, Salanieta, John H. Lowry, Nemillie Qaqara, Jacqueline Ryle, Joeli Veitayaki, and Susanna Piovano. "Spatial use of marine resources in a rural village: A case study from Qoma, Fiji." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (November 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.993103.
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Understanding the value of fishers’ Indigenous and Traditional Knowledge (ITK) and of fishers’ spatial use of customary fishing grounds is an important contributing factor to marine resource management. This study investigates and documents ITK of marine resources and the associated spatial knowledge of fishing areas in Qoma, a rural fishing village in Fiji. Using a sex-generational lens, our research combines theory and methods from Participatory Geographic Information Systems and ethnography. We document how fishermen and fisherwomen use geographic space in their traditional fishing grounds showing changes in the areas they travel to and fish. Targeted marine resources and knowledge of those resources differ between fishermen and fisherwomen, reflecting the traditional roles of men and women within Indigenous Fijian (iTaukei) culture. Fishermen and fisherwomen of ≥60 years have a richer knowledge of marine resources than younger fishers (men and women), measured by the number of unique species they could identify or describe using local taxonomic classification. Our ethnography findings highlight the importance of maintaining this ITK to preserve marine resources of significance for future generations. Our study concludes with insights into three knowledge gaps; the spatial use of traditional fishing grounds by fishermen and fisherwomen (including a statistical analysis and map), generational differences in fisher knowledge, and the distinctive differences in fishermen’s and fisherwomen’s ITK of fishing. This study also discusses how these three key insights when combined can contribute to improved local fisheries resource management.
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Fache, Elodie, Catherine Sabinot, Simonne Pauwels, Léa Riera, Annette Breckwoldt, Gilbert David, Ulamila Matairakula, and Stéphanie M. Carrière. "Encouraging Drawing in Research with Children on Marine Environments: Methodological and Epistemological Considerations." Human Ecology, September 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-022-00332-6.
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AbstractAs part of an interdisciplinary research project on South Pacific fisheries, we recognized children as one of the relevant categories of stakeholders whose perspectives on fishing and fisheries management need to be considered. We used drawings to explore how, in Fiji and New Caledonia, children perceive their marine environment, including the fishing practices and the connections between these and local ways of ‘being-in-the-world.’ Our methodology involved drawing workshops in local schools, followed by short interviews with the participants. This methodological paper aims to identify the advantages and limitations of this drawing-based approach to research with children compared to conventional ethnographic and ethnoecological methods. Therefore, it focuses primarily on how this approach was designed and implemented and on the epistemological discussions it generated, especially concerning children’s involvement in the study and the use of drawing as a research tool.
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Kitolelei, Salanieta, Annette Breckwoldt, Jokim Kitolelei, and Natalie Makhoul. "Fisherwomen’s Indigenous and local knowledge - the hidden gems for the management of marine and freshwater resources in Fiji." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (December 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.991253.
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Fisherwomen in Fiji play a vital role in the daily sustenance of their families and they use their Indigenous and local knowledge to harvest resources. Marine and freshwater resources harvested by fisherwomen contribute to the primary protein intake of their families, particularly for those who have limited or no access to other animal products or plant proteins. Over a span of three decades, Fiji experienced an influx in the documentation of women’s contribution and need for fisherwomen's recognition in the fisheries sector; in areas of cultural and/or socio-economic, resource management and decision-making processes. This study examines the Indigenous and local knowledge which fisherwomen utilize to identify their targeted marine and freshwater resources and gauge the population health of their resources. Furthermore, fisherwomen’s perceptions on the conservation status of their resources is used to provide the basis for improved management of culturally, economically and ecologically valuable species. The results of this study compiles Indigenous taxonomic classifications and associated species knowledge which fisherwomen from 11 communities use to help them in identifying and capturing resources. Moreover, the fishing methods, ecological knowledge and perceptions on environmental changes over thirty years provides temporal background on the fisherwomen’s knowledge. The results address knowledge gap between fisherwomen's Indigenous and local knowledge and science by marrying the well-developed knowledge systems. Finally, this study provides recommendations on how the Indigenous and local knowledge of women can contribute to practical and efficient resource management for localized challenges in Fiji.
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Fache, Elodie, Susanna Piovano, Alisi Soderberg, Malakai Tuiono, Léa Riera, Gilbert David, Matthias Kowasch, et al. "“Draw the sea…”: Children’s representations of ocean connectivity in Fiji and New Caledonia." Ambio, September 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01777-1.
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AbstractIn the South Pacific region, marine territories and resources play a crucial role for local communities. Children engage with these territories and resources from an early age onwards. As the next ocean stewards, they are a stakeholder group whose understandings of ocean connectivity and fisheries should be given serious consideration in decision-making processes towards the sustainable use and management of coastal seas. This paper analyses 290 children’s drawings from Fiji and New Caledonia, created in 2019 in spontaneous response to the instruction: “Draw the sea and what you and others do in the sea”. Exploring the webs of connections with and within the sea revealed by these children’s drawings and their own interpretations leads us to discuss children’s representations of the sea: (1) beyond a land-sea compartmentation, (2) as a locus of both exploitation and conservation of marine life, and (3) as a ‘place-full’ space connecting human and more-than-human realms.
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Prince, Jeremy, Watisoni Lalavanua, Jone Tamanitoakula, Laitia Tamata, Stuart Green, Scott Radway, Epeli Loganimoce, et al. "Spawning potential surveys in Fiji: A new song of change for small‐scale fisheries in the Pacific." Conservation Science and Practice, September 18, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/csp2.273.
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Andrews, Allen H., Nancy G. Prouty, and Olivia M. Cheriton. "BOMB-PRODUCED RADIOCARBON ACROSS THE SOUTH PACIFIC GYRE—A NEW RECORD FROM AMERICAN SAMOA WITH UTILITY FOR FISHERIES SCIENCE." Radiocarbon, July 21, 2021, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2021.51.
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ABSTRACT Coral skeletal structures can provide a robust record of nuclear bomb produced 14C with valuable insight into air-sea exchange processes and water movement with applications to fisheries science. To expand these records in the South Pacific, a coral core from Tutuila Island, American Samoa was dated with density band counting covering a 59-yr period (1953–2012). Seasonal signals in elemental ratios (Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca) and stable carbon (δ13C) values across the coral core corroborated the well-defined annual band structure and highlighted an ocean climate shift from the 1997–1998 El Niño. The American Samoa coral 14C measurements were consistent with other regional records but included some notable differences across the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) at Fiji, Rarotonga, and Easter Island that can be attributed to decadal ocean climate cycles, surface residence times and proximity to the South Equatorial Current. An analysis of the post-peak 14C decline associated with each coral record indicated 14C levels are beginning to merge for the SPG. This observation, coupled with otolith measurements from American Samoa, reinforces the perspective that bomb 14C dating can be performed on fishes and other marine organisms of the region using the post-peak 14C decline to properly inform fisheries management in the South Pacific.
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Marie, Amandine D., Cara Miller, Celso Cawich, Susanna Piovano, and Ciro Rico. "Fisheries-independent surveys identify critical habitats for young scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) in the Rewa Delta, Fiji." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (December 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17152-0.
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Breckwoldt, Annette, Alexandra Nozik, Nils Moosdorf, Jan Bierwirth, Elodie Fache, Sebastian Ferse, Amanda Ford, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Dominique Pelletier, and Susanna Piovano. "A Typology for Reef Passages." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (March 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.786125.
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Coral reefs host exceptionally diverse and abundant marine life. Connecting coasts and sheltered lagoons to the open ocean, reef passages are important yet poorly studied components of these ecosystems. Abiotic and biotic elements ‘pass’ through these reef passages, supporting critical ecological processes (e.g. fish spawning). Reef passages provide multiple social and ecological benefits for islands and their peoples, but are so far neither characterized nor recognized for their multifaceted significance. This study investigated 113 reef passages across nine Pacific islands (Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu). GIS-based visual interpretations of satellite imagery were used to develop criteria to define three distinct types, mainly based on distance to coastline and presence/absence of an enclosed water body. The discussion identifies ways to refine and augment this preliminary typology as part of a research agenda for reef passages. With these next steps, this typology will be extendable to other regions to better document reef passages and their various roles, supporting biodiversity conservation and sustainable fisheries management.
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Syddall, Victoria Margaret, Karen Fisher, and Simon Thrush. "What does gender have to do with the price of tuna? Social-ecological systems view of women, gender, and governance in Fiji’s tuna fishery." Maritime Studies, August 31, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40152-022-00281-2.
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Abstract Western and Central Pacific (WCP) tuna fisheries form part of a broad and complex social and ecological system (SES). This consists of interconnected elements including people (social, cultural, economic) and the biophysical environment in which they live. One area that has received little attention by policy makers is gender. Gender is important because it deepens understandings of behaviours, roles, power relations, policies, programs, and services that may differentially impact on social, ecological, economic, cultural, and political realities of people. This paper contributes a “first step” to examining gender issues in WCP tuna SES. Women’s roles in WCP tuna SES in Fiji are explored and an evaluation of the impact fisheries development policy has on gender equality over the past two decades is revealed. Three key findings emerged from interviews, focus group discussions, and observations: 1) traditional gendered roles remain where women are marginalised in either invisible or low-paid and unskilled roles, and violence is sanctioned; 2) gender mainstreaming of policy and practice remain simplistic and narrow, but are transitioning towards more equitable outcomes for women; and 3) failure to consider gender within the context of WCP tuna SES leads to unintended outcomes that undermine potential benefits of the fishery to broader society, especially to women. A multifaceted approach is recommended to integrate substantive gender equality into SES-based approaches. This research argues educating and getting women opportunities to work on boats falls short of redressing inequality and injustice that is embedded in the social, political, and economic status quo.
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Joseph, Lionel, Priyatma Singh, Ajay Ashneel Singh, Kushaal Raj, and Anish Maharaj. "Implications of Seagrass Ecosystem Degradation on Marine Resources and People’s Livelihood: A Case Study from Komave Village, Fiji." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, February 25, 2019, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2018/v2i330011.
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Tropical coastal zones have rich marine ecosystems; however, they have been enduring severe environmental hazards, particularly from anthropogenic activity and the effects of climate change. Seagrass ecosystem is one of the most productive yet undervalued marine ecosystems. The residents of Komave village, located on the mainland of Fiji have witnessed marked losses in seagrass cover over the last decade. Several of the village men in Komave are unemployed and rely on the coastal resources through fishing, livestock and agricultural farming for their socioeconomic livelihood. This research explores the impact of loss of seagrass cover on the villagers’ livelihood. This paper highlights the observations and experiences of the Komave villagers, in light of the interviews and discussions carried out at the community. A random sampling method was also used over a period of two years (March, 2015 – April, 2017) to monitor the seagrass habitat. The possible anthropogenic and natural factors contributing to the loss of Seagrass were gotten from the interviews and sampling physical environment. The nitrate content analysed from the random samples, reported values from 190 mg/L to a maximum value of 362.8 mg/L. It was also revealed that the areas where nitrate concentrations were greater than 300 mg/L, there was 0% sea grass cover in total, which confirms that if high levels of nitrates are present, sea grass cover is highly impacted. This paper concludes by providing recommendations for managing seagrass to enhance fisheries productivity in this tropical coastal community.
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Vu, Nga T. T., Kyall R. Zenger, Catarina N. S. Silva, Jarrod L. Guppy, and Dean R. Jerry. "Population structure, genetic connectivity, and signatures of local adaptation of the giant black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) throughout the Indo–Pacific Region." Genome Biology and Evolution, September 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab214.
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Abstract The giant black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is native to the Indo-Pacific and is the second most farmed penaeid shrimp species globally. Understanding genetic structure, connectivity, and local adaptation among Indo-Pacific black tiger shrimp populations is important for informing sustainable fisheries management and aquaculture breeding programs. Population genetic and outlier detection analyses were undertaken using 10,593 genome-wide SNPs from 16 geographically disparate Indo-Pacific P. monodon populations. Levels of genetic diversity were highest for Southeast Asian populations and were lowest for Western Indian Ocean (WIO) populations. Both neutral (n = 9,930) and outlier (n = 663) loci datasets revealed a pattern of strong genetic structure of P. monodon corresponding with broad geographical regions and clear genetic breaks among samples within regions. Neutral loci revealed seven genetic clusters and the separation of Fiji and WIO clusters from all other clusters, whereas outlier loci revealed six genetic clusters and high genetic differentiation among populations. The neutral loci dataset estimated five migration events that indicated migration to Southeast Asia from the WIO, with partial connectivity to populations in both oceans. We also identified 26 putatively adaptive SNPs that exhibited significant Pearson correlation (p < 0.05) between minor allele frequency and maximum or minimum sea surface temperature. Matched transcriptome contig annotations suggest putatively adaptive SNPs involvement in cellular and metabolic processes, pigmentation, immune response, and currently unknown functions. This study provides novel genome-level insights that have direct implications for P. monodon aquaculture and fishery management practices.
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KIBRIA, GOLAM. "Global Review and Analysis of the Presence of Microplastics in Fish." Asian Fisheries Science 35, no. 3 (September 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.2022.35.3.003.
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This review provides an account of fish species contaminated with microplastics (MPs) across the globe (seven continents). A total of 887 fish species were found contaminated with MPs based on MPs in the gastrointestinal tract/GI. The most MPs contaminated-fish species found were marine and demersal species. Globally 45 % of fish ingested MPs with an average concentration of 5.93 MPs particles per fish species. Among all the countries, China had the highest number of fish species contaminated with MPs in the followingorders: China (176 species), Brazil (84), the USA (48), India (35), the Atlantic Ocean (31), Iran (30), Bangladesh (28), Turkey (26), Indonesia (25), the UK (23), Saudi Arabia (23), Thailand (21), Portugal (20), Australia (20), Italy (18), South Africa (18), Argentina (15), Chile (14), Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) (14), the North Pacific Gyre (14), Samoa (13), Malaysia (12), Colombia (11), New Zealand (11), Fiji (10), Spain (10), the North Sea (09), South Korea (09), Tahiti (09), Vanuatu (09), Ghana (08), Canada (07), Japan (07) and Nigeria (07) and others. MPs ingestion in fishes varied (high, medium, and low) among the locations/countries. In several locations/countries, MPs ingestion/contamination occurred in up to 100 % of fish samples. Because of MPs contamination, seafood fisheries, and the livelihoods of people associated with fishing, aquaculture, and seafood business, can be threatened. It may also increase health risks to seafood fish consumers since there is a probability that high risks pollutants adsorbed in MPs can be transferred to humans via the food chain.
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MacKeracher, Tracy, Simon J. Foale, Georgina G. Gurney, and Steven W. Purcell. "Adoption and diffusion of technical capacity-building innovations by small-scale artisanal fishers in Fiji." Ecology and Society 24, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/es-10777-240203.
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Ginting, Aslina Br, Yanlinastuti Yanlinastuti, Noviarty Noviarty, Boybul Boybul, Arif Nogroho, Dian Anggraini, Rosika Kriswarini, et al. "PEMBUATAN SUMBER RADIASI GAMMA 137Cs DENGAN AKTIVITAS 20 mCi DARI PEB U3Si2-Al PASCA IRADIASI DALAM CONTAINER STAINLESS STEEL." Urania Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir 21, no. 3 (March 7, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/urania.2015.21.3.2463.
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PEMBUATAN SUMBER RADIASI GAMMA ISOTOP 137Cs DENGAN AKTIVITAS 20 mCi DARI PEB U3Si2-Al PASCA IRADIASI DALAM CONTAINER STAINLESS STEEL. Kegiatan uji pasca iradiasi pelat elemen bakar (PEB) U3Si2-Al banyak menghasilkan larutan dengan keaktifan yang sangat tinggi. Larutan tersebut mengandung isotop 137Cs, uranium serta transuranium yang mempunyai waktu paroh panjang dan berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Namun larutan tersebut memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan sumber radiasi sinar gamma isotop 137Cs. Hal ini dapat membantu bidang industri dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sumber radioaktif dalam negeri karena selama ini kebutuhan isotop 137Cs di Indonesia masih tergantung dari industri luar negeri. Selain itu, pengadaan dan transportasi isotop 137Cs dari luar negeri serta dalam penggunaannya memerlukan persyaratan yang cukup ketat dari Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BAPETEN), sehingga menyebabkan harga isotop 137Cs menjadi mahal sampai di Indonesia. Dengan alasan tersebut, BATAN sebagai lembaga litbang nuklir di Indonesia perlu mempelajari pembuatan sumber radiasi gamma isotop 137Cs dari larutan hasil pengujian bahan bakar nuklir U3Si2-Al pasca iradiasi. Manfaat isotop 137Cs sangat luas antara lain digunakan dalam menganalisis sampel lingkungan, industri migas, konstruksi, radiografi, perikanan, rumah sakit dan pertambangan. Pembuatan sumber radiasi gamma isotop 137Cs dimulai dari pengumpulan larutan hasil pengujian PEB U3Si2-Al. Larutan larutan hasil pengujian mengandung isotop 137Cs dan isotop lainnya dikumpulkan menjadi satu dalam botol dengan volume 65 mL. Pemisahan isotop 137Cs dari hasil fisi lainnya dilakukan dengan metode penukar kation menggunakan zeolit Lampung dengan berat 45 gr. Hasil pemisahan diperoleh 137Cs-zeolit dalam fasa padat dan isotop lainnya berada dalam fasa cair. Padatan137Cs-zeolit kering kemudian kemudian ditimbang dan diukur aktivitasnya menggunakan spektrometer-g. Hasil analisis dengan spektrometer-g diperoleh aktivitas padatan 137Cs-zeolit sebesar 20 mCi. Untuk menjadi sumber radiasi gamma 137Cs, padatan 137Cs-zeolit dengan aktivitas 20 mCi dikemas dengan cara memasukkan ke dalam inner-outer capsule terbuat dari stainless steel yang telah dirancang sebelumnya. Container stainless steel diproses menjadi sumber radiasi gamma tertutup (shield source) untuk selanjutnya disertifikasi oleh PTKMR-BATAN sebagai lembaga kalibtrator bahan radioaktif di BATAN.Kata kunci: Larutan proses PEB U3Si2-Al, radioaktif gamma, isotop 137Cs, penukar kation, zeolit Lampung dan container. MANUCFACTURING OF 137Cs GAMMA RAY SOURCE WITH ACTIVITY 20 mCi FROM PEB U3Si2-Al POST IRRADIATION IN STAINLESS STEEL CONTAINER. In the post-irradiation examination of fuel element plate (PEB) U3Si2-Al), a solution of high activity as a result of testing nuclear fuel stored in hotcell with enough volume. The solution can not be discarded as waste because it still contains fission isotop such as137Cs, uranium and transuranium, which has a long half life and dangerous for the environment. This can help the industry in order to fulfill the needs of a radioactive source in Indonesia, because until now 137Cs isotope is derived from foreign industries. In addition, the procurement and transportation of isotopes 137Cs require stringent requirements, because they have toget permission from the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BAPETEN), thus causing the price of high activity 137Cs isotopes becomes expensive to Indonesia. For these reasons, BATAN as nuclear R&D institutions in Indonesia need to study make isotopes 137Cs gamma radiation source, which is contained in the waste from spent fuel test results U3Si2-Al. Isotope 137Cs can be used very widely, such as in the analysis of environmental samples, the oil and gas industry, construction, radiography, fisheries, hospitals, and mining. Making isotope 137Cs gamma radiation source starting from the collection of waste from the test results PEB U3Si2- Al. Waste solution was collected in a bottle with volume 65 mL. Collection of 137Cs isotopes of other fission carried out using the method of cation exchange with weight 45 gr of zeolite Lampung. The results of separation are 137Cs-zeolite in the solid phase and the other isotopes are in the liquid phase. 137Cs-zeolite solid is then dried and then weighed and measured its activity using a spectrometer-g. Result of analisys by spectrometer-g was obtained acitivity of 137Cs-zeolite solids was 20 mCi.137Cs-zeolite solids then packed in sealed containers (shield source) capsule-shaped stainless steel and than certificate by PTKMR-BATAN.Keywords: Process wastle of PEB U3Si2-Al, gamma radioactive, isotope 137Cs, cation exchange, zeolite Lampung and container.
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Чечулова, А. В., С. И. Капустин, В. Е. Солдатенков, В. Д. Каргин, Л. П. Папаян, В. В. Сорока, and П. В. Чечулов. "Gene polymorphism of tissue plasminogen activator and risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in young patients." Тромбоз, гемостаз и реология, no. 4(76) (December 18, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25555/thr.2018.4.0857.
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Введение. Наиболее частые клинические проявления венозного тромбоэмболизма (ВТЭ) — тромбоз глубоких вен (ТГВ) и тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) — нередко осложняются рецидивом заболевания, который приводит к увеличению риска тяжелого посттромбофлебитического синдрома и/или жизнеугрожающей ТЭЛА. Роль наследственных факторов в развитии рецидива ВТЭ у лиц молодого возраста изучена недостаточно. Цель исследования: поиск генетических факторов риска рецидивирующего течения ВТЭ у пациентов молодого возраста. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 250 пациентов (117 мужчин и 133 женщины, средний возраст — 37,4 года) с ранним дебютом ВТЭ (в возрасте до 45 лет включительно). У 105 (42%) из них наблюдали рецидивирующее течение тромбоза. Всем пациентам было проведено молекулярно-генетическое исследование ДНК-полиморфизма 9 генов, вовлеченных в регуляцию активности плазменного звена гемостаза: α- и β-субъединицы фактора (F) I (Thr312Ala и –455G/A, соответственно), FII (20210 G/A), FV (1691 G/A), FXII (46 C/T), А-субъединицы FXIII (Val34Leu), ингибитора активатора плазминогена 1 типа (PAI-1, —675 4G/5G), тканевого активатора плазминогена (tPA, 311 п. н. Ins/Del) и эндотелиального рецептора протеина С (EPCR, Ser219Gly). Оценку статистической значимости различий в распределении генотипов между группами пациентов с рецидивирующим течением ВТЭ и с единственным эпизодом тромбоза в анамнезе проводили с помощью точного метода Фишера. Результаты. Рецидив ВТЭ в отдаленном периоде был выявлен у 105 (42%) пациентов. Группу сравнения составили 103 (41,2%) пациента с единственным эпизодом ВТЭ в анамнезе. У 42 (16,8%) человек наличие либо отсутствие рецидива установить не удалось. Генотип «tPA Del/Del» встречался в 2 раза реже в группе пациентов с рецидивирующим течением ВТЭ (14,3% против 28,2% у лиц с единственным эпизодом ВТЭ; ОR = 0,4; 95% CI: 0,2–0,9; p = 0,017), что указывает на его возможный протективный эффект от риска рецидива заболевания. Для остальных генов значимых различий в распределении генотипов между сравниваемыми группами не было обнаружено. Изучение «ген-генных взаимодействий» вариантов tPA и PAI-1 выявило существенные различия между группами пациентов: сочетание «tPA Del/Del + + PAI-1 4G5G» в 3,5 раза реже встречалось в группе с рецидивом венозного тромбоза (3,8% против 13,6%; OR = 0,3; 95% CI: 0,08–0,8; p = 0,011), тогда как сочетание генотипов «PAI-1 5G5G + tPA Ins/Del», напротив, было характерно, для этой группы (13,3% против 5,8% у лиц с единственным эпизодом ВТЭ; OR = 2,5; 95% CI: 0,9–6,7; p = 0,054). Заключение. Группа пациентов молодого возраста с рецидивирующим течением ВТЭ характеризуется значительным снижением частоты встречаемости генотипа tPA Del/Del, а также сочетания «tPA Del/Del + PAI-1 4G5G». Для уточнения характера влияния полиморфизма данных генов на риск развития повторных эпизодов ВТЭ необходимы дополнительные исследования. Introduction. The most frequent clinical manifestations of venous thromboembolism (VTE) — deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are often complicated by recurrent episodes that lead to an increased risk of severe post-thrombophlebitic syndrome and/or life-threatening PE. The role of hereditary factors in the development of recurrent VTE in young people is still unclear. Aim: identifi cation of genetic risk factors for recurrent VTE in young patients. Materials and methods. We examined 250 patients (117 men and 133 women, mean age — 37.4 years) with early VTE debut (aged up to 45 years inclusive). In 105 (42%) of them, a recurring course of thrombosis was observed. In all patients a molecular genetic study of DNA polymorphism of 9 genes involved in the regulation of hemostasis plasma activity was carried out: α-and β-subunits of factor (F) I (Thr312Ala and –455 G/A, respectively), FII (20210 G/A), FV (1691 G/A), FXII (46 C/T), FXIII A subunit (Val34Leu), plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1, —675 4G/5G), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, 311 bp Ins/Del), and the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR, Ser219Gly). Assessment of statistical signifi cance of diff erences in genotype distribution between the groups of patients with recurrent VTE and a single episode of thrombosis history was performed using Fisher’s exact method. Results. In the long-term period VTE recurrence was revealed in 105 (42%) patients. The comparison group consisted of 103 (41.2%) patients with a single VTE episode in the anamnesis. In 42 (16.8%) patients the presence or absence of disease recurrence was not revealed. Genotype «tPA Del Del» met 2 times less frequently in patients with recurrent VTE (14.3% vs 28.2% in individuals with a single episode of VTE; OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0,2–0,9; p = 0.017) that indicates its possible protective effect on the risk of disease recurrence. For the remaining genes no signifi cant diff erences in genotypes distribution between the compared groups were found. Study of «gene-gene interactions» of tPA and PAI-1 variants revealed signifi cant differences between groups of patients: the combination «tPA Del/Del + PAI-1 4G5G» was 3.5 times less frequent in the group with recurrent venous thrombosis (3.8% against 13.6%; OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.08–0.8; p = 0.011) while the combination of the genotypes «PAI-1 5G5G + tPA Ins/Del», in contrast, was typical for this group (13.3% vs. 5.8% in individuals with a single episode of VTE; OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 0.9–6.7; p = 0.054). Conclusion. Group of young patients with recurrent VTE is characterized by a signifi cant reduction in the incidence of genotype tPA Del/Del as well as the combination of «tPA Del / Del + PAI-1 4G5G». To clarify the eff ect of polymorphism of these genes on the risk of developing of VTE recurrent episodes additional studies are needed.