Academic literature on the topic 'Fisheries functional zones'

Ukraine ranks first in Europe in the number of natural water bodies. These abundant water resources are the source of significant fish resources, which are effectively exploited by the fishing industry. Rationalization and equal distribution of the commercial load, the reduction of the commercial pressure on the main fish species has always been an urgent issue. This can be achieved by shifting the focus of fishing to other types of fish, which will allow rational use of the entire complex of commercial species. The Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) is among such promising objects of fishing - a massive, small-particle species, which in certain water bodies of Ukraine has displaced other minor commercial fish species and formed stable numerical populations. 
 A decisive role in the age structure formation of the Prussian carp population was played by the increase in the specific number of middle and older age groups, which is associated with an insufficient level of commercial load. Thus, the variation series of this species in the commercial catches of 2021, unlike other species, had the form of a double-peaked curve, which was formed due to the loss of size classes of 25-28 cm. According to the Fishing Rules and the Regime of Fishery Operation of the Dnipro Reservoirs in force today, nets with a step are allowed hole a=38-49 mm and 70 mm and more. This distribution of commercial load selectivity reduces pressure on bream and bream populations. However, it also causes a significant increase in the stock of Prussian carp. And this alien species has formed abundant populations in the Kremenchuk Reservoir. Thus, its average annual catch in the period 2000-2020 increased from 44.6 to 462.4 tons or 10 times in 20 years. 
 We should note that Prussian carp occupied an insignificant segment of the catch - no more than 0.1% by weight in the traditional commercial set of gill nets (a=75-90 mm) at the Kremenchuk Reservoir, while, in the 50-60 mm mesh size nets this species is dominant with a share in catches of up to 60% by weight. Thus, the main indicators that characterize the fisheries and environmental protection components of gill net fishing are a mesh size that deals with part of the main target fishing objects, size and weight indices, and bycatch of immature commercially valuable species. The gill nets with 50-60 mm generally meet the requirements for the current legislation and might be used for targeted harvest of the species in the littoral zones. Considering the need to intensify fishing for Prussian carp and its high actual specific mass in catches of nets with a mesh size of 50-60 mm, the implementation of specialized fishing for this species in the Dnieper reservoirs can be considered as a means of optimizing the use of the formed bioresource for the commercial fishery. In order to minimize the negative impact of this fishing on the structural and functional indicators of the bream population, specialized fishing should be focused on the areas of accumulation of Prussian carp, i.e. it is a specialized fishery with a share of Prussian at least 50%. The necessity of the meliorative capture introduction aimed to downgrade the reproductive core of the population of this alien species to prevent its uncontrolled population growth.

The decade-long process of negotiation leading to a new regime of Oceans Law is drawing to a close. One of its major achievements to date is the elaboration of an entirely new concept in ocean space, the exclusive economic zone. Canada has played a leading role in bringing about consensus on the main elements of this zonal approach, a bridge linking certain features of the territorial sea regime with a number of safeguards derived from the exercise of high seas rights. Canada 's contribution was based generally on a novel application of the functional approach which has been prevalent in Canada 's treatment of Law of the Sea issues over the past few years. The idea was to apply the principles of delegation of powers to those of functionalism, in order to foster a zonal approach whereby certain functional rights and obligations (pertaining, for instance, to fisheries or to the marine environment) would be carried out by the coastal state on behalf of the international community. In recognition of its exercise of this mandate, and in regard to its geographical proximity to the ocean space it managed, the coastal state would be granted a preferential (and for most purposes an exclusive) access to the resources of the zone. One of the best examples of this approach can be found in Canada 's earliest efforts to deal with the fundamental issue of fishing rights at the Conference. Bringing a multi-disciplinary focus to bear on the need to distinguish between different species of fish in the coastal areas, the Canadian delegation, with the co-sponsorship of a number of like-minded countries, brought forward proposals tailored to the management and exploitation of these species.

Rivers and wetlands in Myanmar provide essential services to people in terms of transportation, agriculture, fisheries and a myriad of other ecosystem services, all of which are dependent on a healthy ecosystem. Irrigation channels are also an important part of the infrastructure for daily water use in Myanmar. The objective of this research is to describe the aquatic ecosystem of irrigation channels using aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. The research focused on the taxonomic composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Zawgyi River and the associated irrigation channels in central Myanmar, east of the city of Mandalay. Significant differences between the river and channels, and among individual channels, were shown using an analysis of similarity: Bray–Curtis similarity, a multivariate equivalent of the univariate statistical method of analysis of variance: ANOSIM and an analysis of similarity percentages: SIMPER by Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecological Research: PRIMER v6 software. The initial findings suggest that there is a clear separation between macroinvertebrate communities at the morpho-species level of identification between river and irrigation channels, while there is less separation between functional feeding groups (FFG) between them. The lower taxonomic level of discrimination at the family level using a water quality index showed no significant difference between river and channels. The preliminary field results indicate that a recently modified biomonitoring index method could be applied in Myanmar to assess the ecological water quality of the modified river, as well as human-made channels.

Introduction. Today much attention is paid to the role of a family in the system of psychological, medical and pedagogical support for children with disabilities. The need to study the functional resource of a family with a child with special educational needs in order to identify its problem areas and determine psychotherapeutic targets determines the relevance of this study. Materials and methods. The study involved 32 families raising children with disabilities aged 4 to 7; the comparison group consisted of 32 families raising healthy children of the same age. The experience of family life is 5-8 years. The age of parents is from 27 to 38 years old. The following research methods and techniques were used: a test of the functional resource of the family by N.M. Lavrova and V.V. Lavrov; statistical processing was carried out using Pearson's chi-squared goodness-of-fit test and Fisher's angular transformation test. Results. In the group of families raising healthy children, in 9 families the functional resource indicators corresponded to the "high positive" zone, in 22 families an “average positive” resource was determined, in one family – a low positive resource. Among families raising a child with disabilities, two families had indicators on the border of “high positive”/“average positive” resource, in most cases (18 families) the indicators showed an “average positive” resource; in 12 families, the indicators corresponded to a “low positive” and “weakly negative” resource. When comparing indicators in families raising a child with disabilities with indicators in families with a healthy child, using Pearson's chi-squared goodness-of-fit test, significant differences were revealed (χ2 value is 19.620, p≤0.01). This indicates that the functional resource of families raising a child with disabilities is significantly lower than that of families raising a healthy child. The study of the functional resource of the family by this method made it possible to identify problem areas and determine the direction of the study of response patterns using a focused genogram in order to determine therapeutic targets. Conclusions. The data obtained in the study of the functional resource of the family using the test by N.M. Lavrova and V.V. Lavrov made it possible to state that the functional resource of families raising a child with disabilities is lower than the functional resource of families raising a healthy child; the analysis of the responses of a husband and wife in the same family allows identifying problem areas of the family and studying them using the analysis of a focused genogram.