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1
Zambrano, Alan, María F. Laguna, Marcelo N. Kuperman, Pedro Laterra, Jorge A. Monjeau, and Laura Nahuelhual. "A tragedy of the commons case study: modeling the fishers king crab system in Southern Chile." PeerJ 11 (March 14, 2023): e14906. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14906.
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Illegal fishing in small-scale fisheries is a contentious issue and resists a straightforward interpretation. Particularly, there is little knowledge regarding cooperative interactions between legal and illegal fishers and the potential effects on fisheries arising from these interactions. Taking the Chilean king crab (Lithodes santolla; common name centolla) fishery as a case study, our goal is twofold: (i) to model the effect of illegal-legal fishers’ interactions on the fishery and (ii) analyze how management and social behavior affect fishery’s outcomes. We framed the analysis of this problem within game theory combined with network theory to represent the architecture of competitive interactions. The fishers’ system was set to include registered (legal) fishers and unregistered (illegal) fishers. In the presence of unregistered fishers, legal fishers may decide to cooperate (ignoring the presence of illegal fishers) or defect, which involves becoming a “super fisher” and whitewashing the captures of illegal fishers for a gain. The utility of both players, standard fisher and super fisher depend on the strategy chosen by each of them, as well as on the presence of illegal fishers. The nodes of the network represent the legal fishers (both standard and super fishers) and the links between nodes indicate that these fishers compete for the resource, assumed to be finite and evenly distributed across space. The decision to change (or not) the adopted strategy is modeled considering that fishers are subjected to variable levels of temptation to whitewash the illegal capture and to social pressure to stop doing so. To represent the vital dynamics of the king crab, we propose a model that includes the Allee effect and a term accounting for the crab extraction. We found that the super fisher strategy leads to the decrease of the king crab population under a critical threshold as postulated in the tragedy of the commons hypothesis when there are: (i) high net extraction rates of the network composed of non-competing standard fishers, (ii) high values of the extent of the fishing season, and (iii) high density of illegal fishers. The results suggest that even in the presence of super fishers and illegal fishers, the choice of properly distributed fishing/closure cycles or setting an extraction limit per vessel can prevent the king crab population from falling below a critical threshold. This finding, although controversial, reflects the reality of this fishery that, for decades, has operated under a dynamic in which whitewashing and super fishers have become well established within the system.
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Abernethy, Kirsten E., Edward H. Allison, Philip P. Molloy, and Isabelle M. Côté. "Why do fishers fish where they fish? Using the ideal free distribution to understand the behaviour of artisanal reef fishers." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 1595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-125.
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We used the theory of the ideal free distribution (IFD) as a framework to understand the mechanisms underlying fishing site selection by Anguillian artisanal fishers exploiting shallow-water coral reefs. Contrary to the predictions of IFD, fishers did not distribute themselves so that average reward was equal among fishers using different fishing methods or among fishers using the same method. In addition, fishing pressure did not increase with resource availability. Key assumptions of the IFD were not met. The distribution of Anguillian fishers was not "ideal" because lack of knowledge prevented fishers from choosing fishing grounds with the greatest rewards. Not all fishers sought to maximise profit. In addition, all fishers were not "free" to distribute themselves among reefs owing to variation in social, economic, and physical characteristics of fishers that constrained fisher movements and ability to extract resources. This study shows that as a null model the IFD is useful to frame studies designed to gain detailed insights into the complexity and dynamics of a small-scale fishery. Alongside ecological data, this framework may inform efficient and effective development of reef and fishery management practice.
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Obregón, Clara, James R. Tweedley, Neil R. Loneragan, and Michael Hughes. "Different but not opposed: perceptions between fishing sectors on the status and management of a crab fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 6 (December 5, 2019): 2354–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz225.
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Abstract Fisher perceptions are a useful source of information that allows changes in stocks to be detected quickly and indicate the social acceptability of different management regulations. Yet traditionally, such information is rarely employed when developing management approaches. Face-to-face interviews were used to elicit recreational and commercial fishers’ perceptions of a crab (Portunus armatus) fishery in three south-western Australian estuaries. Differences in the perceived changes in the average size of crabs and fishing effort, reported concerns and supported solutions were detected among the recreational fishers utilizing the three estuaries and between recreational and commercial fishers in the Peel-Harvey Estuary. However, some common views were expressed by recreational and commercial fishers, with both sectors stating concerns over recreational fisher compliance and increased fishing and environmental pressures. While both sectors believed that reducing fishing and increasing compliance would benefit crab stocks, the mechanisms for achieving this differed. Recreational fishers favoured increasing the length of the seasonal closure, while commercial fishers favoured the introduction of a recreational shore-based fishing licence. These findings suggest that sector- and estuary-specific management rules may better facilitate the amelioration of pressures affecting individual estuaries and could contribute towards a more socially and biologically sustainable fishery.
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Aylesworth, Lindsay, and Ting-Chun Kuo. "Reporting time period matters: quantifying catch rates and exploring recall bias from fisher interviews in Thailand." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 12 (December 2018): 2114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0169.
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Catch rates reported by fishers are commonly used to understand the status of a fishery, but the reliability of fisher-reported data is affected by how they recall such information. Recalling catch may be influenced by the choice of reporting time period. Using interview data from fishers in Thailand, we investigated (1) how the time period for which fishers report their catch rates (e.g., per day or month) correlates with annual catch estimates and (2) the potential of recall bias when fishers reported multiple catch rates. We found that the annual catch estimates of fishers who reported on a shorter time period (haul, day) were significantly higher than those reported on a longer time period (month, year). This trend held true when individual fishers reported over multiple time periods, suggesting recall bias. By comparing fisher reports with external data sets, we identified that the mean across all reports was most similar to other data sources, rather than any time period. Our research has strong implications in using fishers’ knowledge for fisheries management.
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Stephenson, Robert L., Stacey Paul, Martin A. Pastoors, Marloes Kraan, Petter Holm, Melanie Wiber, Steven Mackinson, Dorothy J. Dankel, Kate Brooks, and Ashleen Benson. "Integrating fishers’ knowledge research in science and management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 6 (March 16, 2016): 1459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw025.
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Abstract Fishers' knowledge research (FKR) aims to enhance the use of experiential knowledge of fish harvesters in fisheries research, assessment, and management. Fishery participants are able to provide unique knowledge, and that knowledge forms an important part of “best available information” for fisheries science and management. Fishers' knowledge includes, but is much greater than, basic biological fishery information. It includes ecological, economic, social, and institutional knowledge, as well as experience and critical analysis of experiential knowledge. We suggest that FKR, which may in the past have been defined quite narrowly, be defined more broadly to include both fishery observations and fishers “experiential knowledge” provided across a spectrum of arrangements of fisher participation. FKR is part of the new and different information required in evolving “ecosystem-based” and “integrated” management approaches. FKR is a necessary element in the integration of ecological, economic, social, and institutional considerations of future management. Fishers' knowledge may be added to traditional assessment with appropriate analysis and explicit recognition of the intended use of the information, but fishers' knowledge is best implemented in a participatory process designed to receive and use it. Co-generation of knowledge in appropriately designed processes facilitates development and use of fishers' knowledge and facilitates the participation of fishers in assessment and management, and is suggested as best practice in improved fisheries governance.
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Strieder Philippsen, Juliana, Carolina Viviana Minte-Vera, Edson Kiyoshi Okada, Adriana Rosa Carvalho, and Ronaldo Angelini. "Fishers' and scientific histories: an example of consensus from an inland fishery." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 5 (2017): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16053.
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In this study we tested the basic premise that fishers’ knowledge provides similar perceptions about exploited stocks to data gathered by standardised monitoring in a small-scale commercial fishery. To that end, we compared temporal trends in catch and individual size for fish species between data obtained from interviews with fishers and a 25-year dataset from a landing monitoring program in the Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil). Fishers described with accuracy changes in species composition of the catches, from large migratory species of high commercial value (common before impoundment) to migratory species of low commercial value and sedentary species following damming. Temporal trends in catches reported by fishers and documented in the landing data matched for most species. Histories diverge when absolute values are involved, such as when fishers were asked to recall their largest catch. Fishers were homogeneous in their reports, indicating that instead of individual opinions, they revealed knowledge resulting from their observation and fishery experience. Fishers can be a reliable source of information for detecting changes in catches over time, especially when large-scale habitat changes have occurred within the time scale of a fisher career. Fishers may be key partners to be considered by managers in information gathering for effective management.
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Igejongbo, T. F. "Socio-economic characteristics of artisanal fisher folks in Igbokoda Ondo State." ADAN Journal of Agriculture 2, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/adanja/1202.20.0141.
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The fishery sector in Nigeria plays a major role in terms of national food security and employment. This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of the artisanal fisher’s folks in the study area, the dominant fish in the landing site, the type of fishing gear used at the location, their contribution to fish landing, the effect of by-catch on artisanal fish production and food security in Igbokoda, Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State. Data was collect by the random distribution of a questionnaire using statistical analysis such as; pie chart, bar graph and regression analysis to collate and show the data obtained from the study area. The output of an artisanal fisher was affected by gender and the season of fishing and not the educational status of the fisher men, 64% of the fishers were male and the highest age bracket was between 31-40 years. Only 10% of the respondents have tertiary education and 64% of the fishers have between primary and secondary education. The level of profitability was average (64%), 98% of by-catch were demanded for. This study hereby proves that fishing is profitable and therefore, suggests that policy variables such as extension, education, and credit identified in the study as important determinants of efficiency of artisanal fishers should be strengthen for sustainable fish production in the State and Nigeria at large
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Suadi, Z. N. A. Nissa, R. I. Widyana, B. K. D. Atmojo, H. Saksono, and A. D. Jayanti. "Livelihood strategies of two small-scale fisher communities: adaptation strategies under different fishery resource at southern and northern coast of Java." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 919, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/919/1/012010.
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Abstract Small-scale fishers are frequently exposed to a variety of hazards that threaten their livelihood. Different socio-cultural, natural resource, environment conditions potentially create unique vulnerability and livelihood strategies which may exist in different places. Therefore, an investigation in two different fishing communities was carried out to understand the similarities and different of livelihood strategy works in both places. The study was conducted in two small scale fisheries community in village Betahlawang (north of java) and Glagah (south of Java). This research aims to describe livelihood aspects and strategies of fisher communities in both locations under different fishery resource and their dependency on the fishery through systematic surveys. The study showed that both communities are highly dependent on natural capital which mainly the abundance of the fishery resources. Others factors affecting both communities’ sustainable livelihood are the uncertainty in catch, weather and policy, limited capital ownership, access, and knowledge and skills other than fishing. Although the two study sites share some capital similarities, the livelihood vulnerability and their strategy is different. Betahlawang fishers more vulnerable than Glagah fishers because Glagah fishers has more diverse livelihood alternatives.
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Purcell, Steven W., Watisoni Lalavanua, Brian R. Cullis, and Nicole Cocks. "Small-scale fishing income and fuel consumption: Fiji’s artisanal sea cucumber fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 5 (March 27, 2018): 1758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy036.
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Abstract Understanding the income and costs of fishing is fundamental to managing fisheries and planning interventions to improve efficiency and gender equity. Few studies offer data on fisher incomes and fuel use in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and fewer have assessed factors influencing variation among fishers and between genders. We interviewed 235 artisanal fishers among 34 island villages in an artisanal sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of geographic and socioeconomic variables on incomes and fuel use from fishing sea cucumbers. Net income of sea cucumbers to fishers, averaging FJ$8, 171 year−1 (US$4, 494 year−1) (range: FJ$0–52,008 year−1), varied among villages and was 47% lower for women than men. On an average, 60% of fishers’ gross annual income came from fishing and selling sea cucumbers, although this proportion varied greatly even within villages. Fishers who practised gleaning, fished less often, or possessing numerous livelihood income streams, were less economically dependent on sea cucumbers. Men tended to estimate higher incomes for an average day of fishing than women when compared with their recall of last sale. Fuel use varied greatly among regions in Fiji but, overall, averaged 428 L fisher−1 year−1, and represented 28% of gross income. More economical fishing strategies by women resulted in lower fuel use than men per fishing day. Breath-hold divers used less fuel (compared to fishers using scuba) and fishers targeting deep-water species used more fuel than other fishers. A best approximation of 8000 t CO2 year−1 for the carbon footprint of the whole fishery suggests that some SSFs, such as the one studied here, can be significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, even compared to many large-scale fisheries globally. Reforms to the management of SSFs should consider regulations that minimize carbon emissions and reduce economic dependency on vulnerable marine resources.
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Emery, Timothy J., John Tisdell, Bridget S. Green, Klaas Hartmann, Caleb Gardner, and Rafael León. "Experimental analysis of the use of fishery closures and cooperatives to reduce economic rent dissipation caused by assignment problems." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 9 (August 18, 2015): 2650–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv148.
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Abstract Assignment problems in quota-managed fisheries are caused by spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the productivity of the stock. If the quota management system is not fully delineated (e.g. harvest rights assigned to particular areas) then fishers will compete with each other and overexploit parts of the fishery where or when the quota unit value is highest (i.e. fishing costs low and/or market price high), leading to economic rent dissipation. This study used experimental economics to assess the effectiveness of fishery temporal closures and income-sharing fishery cooperatives in resolving assignment problems across three different fisheries with varying levels of fisher heterogeneity (i.e. numbers of quota owners and lease quota fishers). While most fisheries were successful in reducing economic rent dissipation under the fishery closure management structure relative to their baseline(s), fisheries characterized by a greater number of lease quota fishers were less effective. This was due to the differential values that lease quota fishers place on the resource relative to quota owners, due to having insecurity of tenure and diminished wealth in having to bid for a quota package and pay for it using their revenue from fishing. Conversely, income-sharing fishery cooperatives were equally successful across all three fisheries in reducing assignment problems relative to their baseline(s). This was because income-sharing created an incentive to coordinate fishing effort, particularly among heterogeneous groups. While requiring further exposition in the field, these experimental results represent a first step in identifying management institutions that may assist fishers under quota management to resolve assignment problems in a dynamic environment.
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Tweedley, James R., Clara Obregón, Sarah J. Beukes, Neil R. Loneragan, and Michael Hughes. "Differences in Recreational Fishers’ Motivations for Utilising Two Estuarine Fisheries." Fishes 8, no. 6 (May 29, 2023): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060292.
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Effective fisheries management requires an understanding of human dimensions. This study elicited the salient motivations for recreational blue swimmer crab and black bream fishing in Western Australia and whether these views differed depending on the fishing location and/or the characteristics of the fisher. Crab fishers were strongly consumption-orientated and aimed to “catch big crabs” and “catch enough crabs to eat”. Furthermore, 91% consumed their catch, with only 2% practicing catch-and-release fishing. In contrast, 81% of black bream fishers did so for the sport/challenge, with the strongest motivation being to catch a bream considerably above legal size and with food only selected by 15% of respondents; most fishers released caught fish. The marked differences between the fisheries for the two species, which co-occur in the same estuaries, are likely driven by the accessible nature of the crab fishery, ease of catching crabs, the low cost of fishing equipment, and their taste. Fishing for black bream, however, requires more expensive equipment, patience, and a greater skill level. Fishers considered crabbing to be as important as other fishing and outdoor activities, whereas bream fishers considered bream fishing considerably more important, reflecting the trophy nature of this fishery.
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Léopold, Marc, Nicolas Guillemot, Delphine Rocklin, and Cheryl Chen. "A framework for mapping small-scale coastal fisheries using fishers' knowledge." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 7 (January 11, 2014): 1781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst204.
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Abstract Collecting spatial information on fisheries catch and effort is essential to understanding the spatial processes of exploited population dynamics and to manage heterogeneously distributed resources and uses. The use of fishers' knowledge through geographical information systems (GISs) is increasingly considered as a promising source of local information on small-scale coastal fisheries. In this paper we describe the first framework for mapping entire small-scale coastal fisheries using fishers' knowledge on catch size and fishing effort. Four mangrove and coral reef fisheries targeting invertebrates or finfish in New Caledonia (southwest Pacific) were mapped following a five-step framework: (i) stratified random sampling of regular fishers; (ii) collection of fishers' knowledge of fishing areas, fishing effort, and catch size through map-based interviews; (iii) data integration into a spatial geodatabase; (iv) statistical extrapolation of fisher data to the fishery scale; and (v) mapping of catch, effort, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) for each fishery using a GIS overlay procedure. We found evidence that fishers' knowledge supplied precise and accurate quantitative and spatial information on catch size, fishing effort and CPUE for entire fisheries. Fisheries maps captured the fine-scale spatial distribution of fishing activities in a variety of ways according to target taxa, gear type, and home ports. Applications include area-based marine conservation planning and fishery monitoring, management, and governance. This integrated framework can be generalized to a large range of data-poor coastal and inland small-scale fisheries.
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Ali, Subira, Odass Bilame, and Deborah Andrew Ngusa. "The Alternative Livelihood Practices Engaged by Artisanal Fishers for Household Improvements in Zanzibar Islands." Journal of Interdisciplinary Socio-Economic and Community Study 3, no. 2 (December 21, 2023): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jiscos.03.2.01.
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This paper outlines the alternative livelihood practices used by artisanal fishers for household improvement in five Zanzibar Islands fishing villages: Kizimkazi Dimbani, Chwaka, Unguja Ukuu Kaepwani, Tumbe Mashariki, and Michenzani. The cross-sectional research design was used to collect quantitative data via a questionnaire survey and qualitative data via Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews. Data were collected from a sample of 333 artisanal fishers drawn from the 1991 population using the Yamane formula. According to the findings of the study, approximately half of the artisanal fishers (53.45%) did not engage in any alternative livelihood practice to support the livelihood of their households and instead relied solely on artisanal fisheries. (23.12%) of the artisanal fishers were farmers, (9.91%) were seaweed farmers, and (5.41% were animal keepers. A small percentage of artisanal fishers (8.11%) engage in petty trade, tourism, and dagaa processing for sale. It is therefore recommended that the respective government, in collaboration with other fisheries stakeholders, establish the sustainability of alternative livelihood opportunities for artisanal fisher communities in order to improve their household livelihoods by diversifying their household survival and reducing the challenge of overexploitation of fishery resources.
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Islam, Mohammad Mahmudul, Naimul Islam, Ahasan Habib, and Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder. "Climate Change Impacts on a Tropical Fishery Ecosystem: Implications and Societal Responses." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197970.
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The present study aimed to map out the current threats and anticipated impacts of climate change on the most important hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) fishery and the associated fishing communities based on fieldwork in six coastal fishing communities. To collect empirical data, individual interviews, focus group discussions, oral history, and key informant interviews were conducted. To supplement the empirical findings, time-series data of cyclones and sea-borne depressions in the Bay of Bengal were also analyzed. Analysis of secondary data regarding climate change-induced events and regional studies suggested that the biophysical conditions of the Bay of Bengal are likely to be aggravated in the future, potentially causing more frequent extreme events and affecting the livelihoods of coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh. The fisher respondents revealed that the main target hilsa shad fishery is particularly vulnerable to climate change in terms of alterations to migration patterns and breeding and growth performance. The fishers reported constant climate-related risks because they live in seafront locations, exposed to extreme events, and their occupation entails risky sea fishing. Fishers claimed that they often need return to the coast due to unsuitable weather conditions related to cyclones and frequent tropical depressions, which can cause financial losses or even causalities. Such events negatively affect fishers’ livelihoods, and wellbeing. To cope with the impacts of climate change the fishers have adopted various strategies at both sea fishing and household levels. However, these strategies only support the fishers in terms of immediate survival; they are not enough for long-term resilience. To improve the resilience of the hilsa fishers, the study argues for the implementation the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines (SSF Guidelines), which call for longer-term development goals, including in the immediate relief phase, and rehabilitation, reconstruction, and recovery to reduce vulnerabilities to climate and anthropogenic risks.
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Islam, Md Fakhrul, Syed Ariful Haque, Md Saiful Islam, Partha Sarathi Das, and Mizanur Rahman. "Socio-economic status of fisher communities in Dengar beel under Melandah Upazila, Jamalpur, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v7i2.54996.
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The current study was conducted to evaluate the socio-economic profile of fisher communities in Dengar beel under Melandah Upazila of Jamalpur district, Bangladesh. A total of 45 fishers were surveyed from November 2020 to April 2021. It was found that the family size of 53% of fishers was medium, consisting of 5-6 members. Most of the fisher communities belonged to the age group above 45 years old, represented by 100% Muslim. About 73% of fishers were less educated, 13% primary level, 7% secondary level, and 7% Secondary School Certificate passed and above, respectively. Most of the fishers (60%) have katcha houses with tin roofing, 7% have katcha house with straw roofs, 13% have semi- pucca houses and 20% have pucca houses. Around 93% of fishers used their own tube-well while only 7% used neighbours’ tube-well. All of the fisher household were connected with electricity supply. About 27% of fisher communities used katcha toilets, 46% used semi pucca toilets and 27% used pucca toilets. About 47% of fisher communities were dependent on village doctors, 33% got health service from Upazila health complex, 20% from MBBS doctors, and others. About 46% of fishers were engaged in fishing as their primary occupation while 27% in agriculture with fishing, 20% in daily labour with fishing and 7% in livestock rearing. About 33% of the fishers had low income, 40% had medium income and 27% had high income. The present study revealed that the fishers of Dengar Beel were mostly less educated, less privilege to attain modern technology-oriented training experience, less income and less awareness about sanitation and health facilities. So, provide soft loans to fishers, and strengthening people awareness has been might be helpful to improve the socio-economic status of fisher communities in Dengar Beel. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (2), 164-173
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Durgun, Denizcan, Cihat Günden, and Vahdet Ünal. "Information source preferences of small-scale fishers in the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aiep.51.63396.
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Information source preferences of small-scale fishers can play a role in decision-making processes and affect the sustainability of small-scale fisheries. In this respect, determining useful communication tools to eliminate the information gaps and lack of information of fishers is important for sustainable and effective fisheries management. The purpose of this study was the determination of the preferred source of information and priorities of the small-scale fishers who operate along the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. Data were collected from a random sample of 278 small-scale Turkish fishers located along the Aegean coastline via face-to-face interviews. Information source preferences of fishers were determined by Repertory Grid Technique. In the analysis, obtaining information about fisheries focused on three criteria such as marine ecology, fisheries technology, and fisheries policies. The level of importance given by fishers for each criterion was determined. Fishers prefer to get information from other fishers, followed by fishery cooperatives, and their own experiences (χ2 (11, n = 278) = 1305.920, P < 0.001). Fishery cooperatives are the closest organizations to fishers. The use of cooperatives as a source of information can be interpreted as an element that can facilitate access to information when evaluated through the “availability” of behavioral economics. Fishery cooperatives, which stand out in fishers’ information source preferences, have the potential to be a valuable source of information in all aspects. The results of the research are thought to benefit researchers from non-governmental organizations, research institutes, and universities that carry out national and international projects with fishers.
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Grafton, R. Quentin. "Rent Capture in an Individual Transferable Quota Fishery." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-058.
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The problem of capturing economic rent in a fishery regulated by an individual transferable quota scheme is addressed using a profit tax and a quota tax as two methods of rent collection. Using a theoretical model of a fishery with representative fishers employing different harvesting functions, the effects of the taxes are evaluated with respect to their ability to capture rent, flexibility to adjust to changes in the fishery, effects upon economic efficiency, the burden of taxation on different fishers, and ease of implementation. A quota tax is shown to be preferred over a comparable profit tax by those fishers who earn the highest average net returns on quota owned. A quota tax also has the potential to allow fishers to capture the full benefits of efficiency improvements. The profit tax can allow for greater risk sharing between the regulator and fishers and is able to capture the entire rent in the fishery in both the short and long run.
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Adisa, Rashid Solagberu, Ifabiyi John Oluwaseun, and Opeyemi Gbenga. "DETERMINANTS OF CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS OF ARTISANAL FISHERS IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 5, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v5i1.2706.
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Nigerians are high fish consumers as the per capita consumption is 14.9 kg per year and has the largest market for fish and fishery products in Africa. Artisanal fishers provide fish for large proportion of fish consumed by our teeming population. These set of fishers depend on crude gears and technology and small vessels in capturing multiple fish species. This study examined the determinants of the capacity building needs of artisanal fishers in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study used primary data. The primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. Multistage sampling technique was use to select the respondents. A total number of 292 respondents were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and Binary Logistic Regression. The results showed that more than half (71.6%) of the respondents had low knowledge level and majority (87.0%) of the respondents had high capacity building needs. The educational status (p<0.10), years of experience in fishing activities (p<0.10), contacts with extension services (p<0.01) and craft type (p<0.05) are the determinants factors of capacity building needs of the artisanal fishers. The study concluded that the majority of the fisher folks had low knowledge level on fishing practices. Majority of the fisher folks had high capacity building needs. The study therefore recommends the provision of training in the areas of high capacity building needs and that there should be consideration of factors influencing the capacity building needs of artisanal fisher folks during the planning and implementation of any training programme on artisanal fisheries.
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Arifin, Ansar, Cindy Israeni Ansar, Muhamad Arsat, Muhammad Fauzan Garantjang, and Amiruddin Hamzah. "Construction of action in the structure of punggawa-sawi relationship in Burung Loe Island, Indonesia." ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia 8, no. 2 (December 28, 2023): 273–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31947/etnosia.v8i2.26805.
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he construction of performance in the patron-client structure that functions as a socio-cultural agent in the management system and the utilization of fisheries resources is inseparable from the norm system practices carried out repeatedly in fisher groups. The study uses a qualitative approach to identify the construction process of performance through the practice of norms, ideas, and arenas of fisher's struggle (courtier). The study was conducted in Burung Loe Island, Sinjai Regency. Data obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD) with large punggawa (ship owner), small punggawa (fisheries operational leader) and the crew. The results show that the social practices of electric fishers (pa'bagang rambo), tuna-mackerel fishers (pa'tongkol) and cages/aqua culture (keramba or fish farming) did not just happen, but were conditioned by nature and market logic would build them to choose the appropriate job. Fishers are bound by schemes of perception and thought that seem to be a collective phenomenon in the form of rituals and safety norms so that they are safe, calm, and get abundant wealth. The arena of fisher actualization is conditioned by the social structure of the punggawa who creates a patron-client dichotomy.
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Bernos, Thaïs A., Clodio Travouck, Naly Ramasinoro, Dylan J. Fraser, and Barbara Mathevon. "What can be learned from fishers’ perceptions for fishery management planning? Case study insights from Sainte-Marie, Madagascar." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): e0259792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259792.
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Local support is critical to the success and longevity of fishery management initiatives. Previous research suggests that how resource users perceive ecological changes, explain them, and cope with them, influences local support. The objectives of this study were two-fold. First, we collated local fishers’ knowledge to characterize the long-term socio-ecological dynamics of the small-scale fishery of Sainte-Marie Island, in Madagascar. Second, we empirically assessed the individual- and site-level factors influencing support for fishery restrictions. Our results indicate that fishers observed a decline in fish abundance and catch sizes, especially in nearshore areas; many also perceived a reduction in fish sizes and the local disappearance of species. To maintain their catches, most fishers adapted by fishing harder and further offshore. Accordingly, fishers identified increased fishing effort (number of fishers and gear evolution) as the main cause of fishery changes. Collectively, our results highlight that the transition from a subsistence to commercial fishery, and resulting changes in the relationship between people and the fisheries, was an underlying driver of fishery changes. Additionally, we found that gender, membership to local associations, coping mechanisms, and perceptions of ecological health, were all interlinked and significantly associated with conservation-oriented attitudes. Conservation-oriented attitudes, however, were not associated with fishers’ willingness to decrease fishing. In the short-term, area-based restrictions could contribute to building support for conservation. In the long-term, addressing the underlying causes of the decline will necessitate collaborations among the various groups involved to progressively build livelihood flexibility. Collectively, our study provides additional insights on the individual- and site-level factors influencing support for fishery restrictions. It also highlights the importance of dialoguing with fishers to ensure that fishery management plans are adapted to the local context.
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Stevenson, Todd C., Brian N. Tissot, and Jan Dierking. "Fisher behaviour influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii's aquarium fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr020.
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Abstract Stevenson, T. C., Tissot, B. N., and Dierking, J. 2011. Fisher behaviour influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii's aquarium fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 813–822. In 1999, marine protected areas (MPAs) were implemented along the west coast of the Big Island of Hawaii, closing ∼35% of the coastline to aquarium fishing. Catch per unit effort and total catch of the most commonly targeted fish, yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens), have increased since the implementation of the MPAs, yet its abundance has declined by 45% in areas open to aquarium fishing between 1999 and 2007. How effort allocation, harvesting efficiencies, and job satisfaction influence catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii's aquarium fishery are investigated, and how these dynamics explain the discrepancy between catch rates and relative abundance for yellow tang is discussed. Cross-sectional fisher questionnaires, semi-structured fisher interviews, and in situ and ex situ catch analyses were performed. The results indicate that fishers dive deeper when reef fish recruitment is perceived as weak, increase harvest efficiency with larger fishing teams, and intensively harvest “coral-friendly” reef fish to supply the global aquarium fish trade. Experienced fishers were less likely to exit the fishery, and job satisfaction was high despite declining fish stocks. These findings may help explain harvesting efficiencies and fleet investment, underscore the importance for evaluating fisher behaviours, and have potential management implications for other aquarium fisheries.
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SHEPHERD, S. A., P. MARTINEZ, M. V. TORAL-GRANDA, and G. J. EDGAR. "The Galápagos sea cucumber fishery: management improves as stocks decline." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 2 (June 2004): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903001188.
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The Galápagos Islands, a world heritage region for the protection of the unique terrestrial and marine wildlife, are also home to a small human population, dependent on fisheries. There was a lucrative sea-cucumber (Stichopus fuscus) fishery in the islands, which began in 1992. After a rapid expansion in the Galápagos archipelago, the fishery has declined and now persists predominantly around the western islands. Initially, the fishery was largely illegal and uncontrollable. Subsequently, a co-management framework developed, with fisher participation. Gradually enforcement improved, apparent corruption declined, and research capacity increased. Although stock abundance surveys have been carried out annually since 1993, the paucity of background biological and fishery information does not allow rigorous stock assessment. The achievements of co-management through the participation of fishers in research and management have been: an acceptance of management controls on numbers of fishers and quotas, a reduction in conflict and increased co-operation. Persistent problems have been: weak enforcement capacity, limited funds for patrolling and research, corruption and declining stock abundance. Proposed application of precautionary principles to management, including a range of fishery indicators, may save the fishery from collapse. The principles are applicable to many other data-poor fisheries globally.
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Weir, Richard D., Alton S. Harestad, and Fraser B. Corbould. "Home Ranges and Spatial Organization of Fishers, Martes pennanti, in Central British Columbia." Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i2.690.
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We described the size and spatial arrangement of aggregate and seasonal home ranges for 17 radio-tagged resident Fishers (Martes pennanti) that were >1.5 years old in two areas of central British Columbia during 1990-1993 and 1996-2000. We estimated home range size for each Fisher from the 95% isopleth of the utilization distribution generated using a fixed kernel model with smoothing selected by least-squares cross-validation (95% FK). For comparison to previous studies, we also calculated the minimum convex polygon estimate of home range size (MCP) for each animal. The aggregate home ranges (95% FK) of female Fishers (mean = 37.9 km², SD = 18.5, range = 10.5 – 81.2, n = 11) were significantly smaller than those of males (mean = 161.3 km², SD = 100.0, range = 46.0 – 225.2, n = 3; P = 0.019). We observed minor overlap among 95% FK home ranges of Fishers of the same sex, but considerable overlap among home ranges of males and females. Home ranges (95% FK or MCP) that we observed in central British Columbia were larger than those reported elsewhere in North America, particularly for males. We suggest that the distribution of resources for Fishers may occur at lower gross densitiesin central British Columbia than in other portions of the Fisher’s range and that suitable habitat in which Fishers can establish home ranges is not found uniformly across the landscape.
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Wicaksono, Bayu Rhamadani, and Mohamad Fahmi. "Factors to Improve Fishery Household Welfare: Empirical Analysis of Indonesia." Economics and Finance in Indonesia 67, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47291/efi.v67i1.874.
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This study attempts to verify the linkage between the characteristics of fishers and the welfare of fishery household in Indonesia, which is explained by the surplus obtained by fishers. Based on the empirical results using multiple linear regression analysis, variables with significant impacts on improving the welfare of fishery household in Indonesia in both marine and inland open water fisheries are fishing gear, number of fishers, number of crew, salary, province, age, gender, education level, processed storage, transportation, and market target. Furthermore, the characteristics of fishers are divided into similarities and differences. Observed from the similarities, the main fishers play a prominent role to fulfill the daily needs of their families. Observed from the differences, fishers in marine fisheries prefer to use a boat with an inboard motor, prepare more funds, and require more crew members because they usually catch fish on long trips. On the other hand, fishers in inland open water fisheries prefer to use a boat without an inboard motor, prepare less funds, and require less crew members because they usually catch fish on short trips. The government needs to formulate effective, efficient, and targeted policies for the welfare of fishers. The findings suggest several policy recommendations related to the improvement of fishery household welfare in Indonesia, such as soft loan in the form of People’s Business Credit (KUR), storage facilities for a better supply chain, and revitalization of fish auction sites.
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Çelik Mavruk, Nuray, Sinan Mavruk, and Dursun Avşar. "Assessment of goatfish fisheries in Turkey based on the microdata set of official landing statistics." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.3.06.
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Although goatfishes (Mullidae Rafinesque, 1815) are among the most important commercial fishes in Turkey, no research has been found investigating the characteristics and spatial patterns of goatfish fishery. Here, we assessed the goatfish fishery of Turkey based on the microdata set of Turkish National Fishery Statistics gathered by Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) between 2014 and 2017. In this context, we investigated the variation of total goatfish catch by cities. In addition, we compared the contribution of small (boat <10m) and large scale (boat >10m) fishers as well as different fishing techniques to the total goatfish catch in Turkey. Finally, an evaluation was made on the discard rates recorded in the official landing statistics. The results showed that higher red mullet (Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758) catch was reported in the eastern Mediterranean, whereas surmullet (Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758) catch was significantly higher in the western Black Sea. On the other hand, fishery-independent investigations revealed that the Turkish fishery fleet mostly catches red mullet throughout the coasts of Turkey. Therefore, the separate records of red mullet and surmullet in the landing statistics likely represent the local names of red mullet rather than two different species. Large scale fishers were the main source of fishery pressure in the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea. However, the majority of the catch was landed by small scale fishers in the Marmara Sea. The bottom trawl fishery landed 88, 92 and 87% of total goatfish catch in the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. Purse seiners provided the largest part of total goatfish catch (40%) in the Marmara Sea, where the bottom trawl fishery is prohibited. The overall average for the discard rate was found to be 0.47%. There were no statistically significant differences among the discard rates of two species, marine regions or fishing methods.
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Haambiya, L., H. Mussa, and M. Mulumpwa. "A review on the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in fisheries management: A case of Mbenji island small-scale fishery in Malawi." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 20, no. 07 (December 18, 2020): 17113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.95.18195.
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Fisheries management has evolved in Malawi from a traditional system to a centralized regime and lately to co-management fisheries systems, although, success stories about sustainability of the fishery resources are few. Open access nature of fisheries resources has posed a challenge to management regimes. Resource over exploitation has continued in a majority of fisheries worsened by large stretches of the shoreline manned by a single fisheries field staff, and limited capacity by DoF to monitor and manage the fishery. However, isolated localities have upheld management styles that have facilitated sustainable exploitation. Mbenji Island fishery ‘managers’ have ensured high compliance to fisheries rules and regulations among fishers through strict enforcement and maintained abundant fish stocks amid visibly declining levels of fish in vast localities of Lake Malawi and other water bodies in Malawi. There is,therefore, need to take the Mbenji Island success story to other fishing communities to learn from their fisheries management strategies. Information Communication Technology (ICT) as a powerful means in mobilizing communities to take charge of their own development should support ‘best practices’ and offer fishing communities access to the same type of services and advantages. If appropriately applied,ICT can provide for real-time monitoring of fisheries resources as fishers alarm law enforcers to move in at appropriate times. Fishers also strike deals on mobile phones for the day's catch even before landing at shore. This reduces post-harvest waste from delayed handling of fish. Computers have been used for data management, storage and analysis as well as accessing internet services. Studies have shown commonalities in fisher communities in terms of socio-economic and cultural characteristics. On the basis of such an advantage, more could be shared among such communities. Management success can be adopted by other communities of fishers through use of ICT such as radio programs (supplemented by phone-in sessions) undertaken by local-level resource users. These programs provide locally available information and knowledge on best practices aimed at sustainability with means within communities. This encourages community members in other localities to come together to seek the way forward on the basis of lessons from successful communities aired on local radio stations (both community or national radio stations). It is easier to adopt practices that have worked in near vicinities. After all,what is currently called co-management is seemingly based on indigenous knowledge of fishers and other resource users. Mbenji Island is one of the custodians of ICT option in small-scale fisheries management of Lake Malawi. Information Communication Technology provides opportunity for both the Malawi Department of Fisheries (DoF) and fishers with information about fisher community activities including catch and market regardless of distance.
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Krohn, William B., Kenneth D. Elowe, and Randall B. Boone. "Relations among fishers, snow, and martens: Development and evaluation of two hypotheses." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71097-1.
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Literature about the fisher (Martes pennanti) contains the following contradictions: (1) the species is an old-growth specialist versus a forest generalist, and (2) it lives with marten (M. americana) with minimal interaction versus densities of the two species are inversely related. These contradictions beg the questions of what is fisher habitat and does habitat affect the interactions of the two Martes. These questions were examined by analyzing the distributions of fishers (n = 15,549) and martens (n = 40,516) harvested in Maine, 1980–1987. This period was chosen because it had relatively stable pelt prices that were believed to result in harvests reflecting population occurrences. The spatial distribution of mean harvests of fisher and marten were compared to each other, and to snowfall distribution and frequency throughout Maine, 1980–1987. Martens were common only in northwestern Maine and were associated with frequent (monthly [Formula: see text]) and deep (total monthly [Formula: see text]) snowfalls, December–March. Fishers were rare in northwestern Maine but were common throughout the rest of the state where snowfalls were less frequent. We hypothesize that regular accumulations of deep snow reduce the fisher's fitness (via decreasing recruitment, survival, or both), resulting in a low abundance in northwestern Maine. In addition, we hypothesize that martens are rare in southern Maine due to competition from a dense fisher population. These hypotheses were evaluated by looking at patterns in age and recruitment ratios of fishers (n = 2,706) and martens (n = 5,572) harvested in core and non-core habitats for each species, 1980–1984. We found low indices of fisher recruitment (P <0.001) in the marten's core habitat consistent with the hypothesis that deep and frequent snowfalls limit fishers. Few adult martens were harvested (P <0.001) in the core habitats of fisher, consistent with our hypothesis that high fisher densities limit marten populations. Assuming our hypothesis on fisher–snow relations is true, and given that canopy closure affects snow accumulation, fisher habitats deserve more consideration in forest management in regions with frequent powder-snowfalls, fragmented forests, or both. We acknowledge, however, that both of our hypotheses (i.e., snow limits fisher and fisher limit marten) need direct testing because association does not prove causation. Key words: fisher, forestry, habitat, interspecific relations, Maine, Martes pennanti, Martes americana, marten, snow
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Bakiu, Rigers, Kristian Beqiri, Aleksandro Konomi, Athina Ziou, and Dimitrios K. Moutopoulos. "Fisheries assessment of the Albanian lagoon fisheries." Fisheries & Aquatic Life 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2022-0007.
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Abstract The present study uses fisher knowledge to outline the basic socio-economic framework of Albanian lagoon fisheries based on on-the-spot interviews conducted with fishers operating in the most important Albanian lagoons. The results indicated that Albanian lagoon fisheries were family-based, with spatial differences observed in vessels from the northern lagoon that were older, larger in size, with more powerful engines, and involved more persons in comparison with corresponding vessels from the southern lagoon. The results also indicated that lagoon fisheries were in decline, ageing fishers, and encountering problems with illegal fishery and invasive species. Most of the fishers were aware that protected areas existed in Albanian waters, whereas severe contradictions among fishers existed about the need to establish new Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). An aggravating factor that threatened the viability of the lagoon fisheries and coastal ecosystems was high incidental catches of the Blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. These issues revealed the increased marginalization of the Albanian lagoon fisheries that might be able to be generalized beyond this case study to other Mediterranean lagoons. The present work also highlighted the need to establish a decent stratified statistical survey to monitor the highly complex nature of lagoon fisheries.
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PETERSON, ANGELIE M., and SELINA M. STEAD. "Rule breaking and livelihood options in marine protected areas." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 3 (May 9, 2011): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000178.
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SUMMARYTwo main drivers of global trends in noncompliance of marine protected areas regulations are food and income security. Declines in fish stocks have resulted in greater concerns for food security, especially in developing and coastal areas, and calls for environmental conservation are growing. Planning of marine protected areas has traditionally been based on biological and ecological data, only recently focusing on the human communities that are significantly dependent on coastal resources. The hypothesis that marine resource use is determined by socioeconomic factors (such as food security and income) and livelihood options was tested in two communities on the island of Rodrigues (Western Indian Ocean). As livelihood development can be a response to fisher displacement by protected areas, willingness towards alternative livelihood options and the differences in this between fisher demographic groups were also examined. Using semi-structured interviews, 72 fishers were surveyed on topics such as fishery and marine protected area (MPA) regulation noncompliance, current livelihoods and willingness to consider alternative livelihoods. Fishers believed Rodrigues fisheries suffer from high levels of noncompliance, owing mainly to a lack of livelihood alternatives and depleted stocks. Rodriguan fishers had low mobility, both within the fishery (for example gear types used and target species) and in movement to occupations outside the fishery. The fishers were generally willing to consider alternate livelihoods. Age was significantly correlated with overall willingness to consider alternative work, while gender and village were found to have a significant relationship with types of work that an individual was willing to consider. Policy makers and marine resource managers need to identify drivers of noncompliant behaviour and examine livelihood preferences at different scales (individual, within and between communities) prior to users being affected by MPA created displacement to more effectively address marine conservation and food security goals. The findings offer new empirical evidence to strengthen support for arguments that could be made by policy makers to demand more balanced consideration of the effects of MPAs on socioeconomic factors along with environmental considerations in communities highly dependent on access to the marine areas that will be affected by MPAs.
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Balbada, Norren, Rizalyn Masinsin Picoy- Gonzales, Shereen Merro, and Brandon Briggs Silvano. "The Fishery and Utilization of Flying Fish (Exocoetidae) in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, Philippines." Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 13, no. 1 (March 24, 2024): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1358853.
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The flying fish fishery in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, Philippines, serves as a valuable source of livelihood for the local community. This study used both survey methods through face-to-face interviews with the respondents (N=37) and actual catch sampling to assess the socio-demographic profile of the fishers, the fishery, and the utilization of the commonly landed flying fish species in the locality. The survey results showed that the flying fish fishers in Guiuan were male-dominated, showing no participation of women in the capture segment of the fishery. The average number of members of a flying fish fishing household was 5. The majority (68%) of the fishers earned
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Barnes, Michele L., John Lynham, Kolter Kalberg, and PingSun Leung. "Social networks and environmental outcomes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 23 (May 23, 2016): 6466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523245113.
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Social networks can profoundly affect human behavior, which is the primary force driving environmental change. However, empirical evidence linking microlevel social interactions to large-scale environmental outcomes has remained scarce. Here, we leverage comprehensive data on information-sharing networks among large-scale commercial tuna fishers to examine how social networks relate to shark bycatch, a global environmental issue. We demonstrate that the tendency for fishers to primarily share information within their ethnic group creates segregated networks that are strongly correlated with shark bycatch. However, some fishers share information across ethnic lines, and examinations of their bycatch rates show that network contacts are more strongly related to fishing behaviors than ethnicity. Our findings indicate that social networks are tied to actions that can directly impact marine ecosystems, and that biases toward within-group ties may impede the diffusion of sustainable behaviors. Importantly, our analysis suggests that enhanced communication channels across segregated fisher groups could have prevented the incidental catch of over 46,000 sharks between 2008 and 2012 in a single commercial fishery.
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Amarullah, Teuku, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Syarifah Zuraidah, and Zuriat Zuriat. "Socio-Economic Potential Of Fishermen In Pulau Banyak, Aceh Singkil." Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan Terapan (JKPT) 6, no. 1 (September 3, 2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpt.v6i1.12674.
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Communities in Pulau Banyak District on average work in the fisheries sector as fishers. Pulau Banyak fishers take advantage of the potential of captured fisheries as their main source of income. The living conditions of fishers are often classified as a marginal group close to poverty. This study aims to examine the socio-economic conditions of fishers in the Pulau Banyak District of Aceh Singkil. The method used is to conduct a field survey using a questionnaire (interview). The location of the research was in Pulau Banyak District, Aceh Singkil Regency. The results of the study show that the social conditions of the Pulau Banyak people work as fishers with a low level of education, at most equivalent to elementary school. The economic condition of the fishers on Pulau Banyak is seen based on their main income and also other income sourced from side income and the income of family members who help fishers. The main source of income for fishers is an average of IDR 1,000,000-1,500,000 per month with an average trip of 6 times a week or 24 times a month with catches of 8 types of fish. While the pattern of fish marketing, the average fishers as much as 64 percent choose to sell to bench shops. The government has an important role in monitoring the marketing pattern of fishery products and implementing policies for optimal and sustainable utilization of fishery resources.
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Khan, M. I., M. M. Islam, G. K. Kundu, and M. S. Akter. "Understanding the Livelihood Characteristics of the Migratory and Non-Migratory Fishers of the Padma River, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v10i3.34492.
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The Padma is the second longest and one of the trans-boundary rivers of Bangladesh that significantly contributes to fisheries production and supports the fishers’ livelihoods. This study assesses the livelihood characteristics of the Padma river-dependent migratory and non-migratory fishers, employing household interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews from July to October, 2015. All migratory fishers were full-time fishers, whereas, non-migratory fishers included full time (88.89%), part-time and occasional fishers (11.11%). Maximum fishers were belonging to the age group of 31 to 50 years of which 94.74% were migratory and 57.4% were non-migratory fishers. Half of the migratory and non-migratory fishers were illiterate. 89.47% migratory fishers used river water for drinking and other purposes, whereas, 94.44% non-migratory fishers used tube-well water. Average annual incomes of both migratory (58%) and non-migratory (65%) fishers ranged from Tk. 30,000 to 60,000, whereas 26% migratory and 5% non-migratory fishers had average annual incomes above Tk. 60,000. The overall livelihood status of the migratory and non-migratory fishers was not satisfactory as they have faced problems like conflicts with elite groups for resources, lack of fish preservation facilities. Effective initiatives and their proper implementations are very crucial to develop the Padma river fisher’s livelihood conditions.
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Novaes, José Luís Costa, and Edmir Daniel Carvalho. "Analysis of artisanal fisheries in two reservoirs of the upper Paraná River basin (Southeastern Brazil)." Neotropical Ichthyology 11, no. 2 (June 2013): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252013005000002.
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We compared the artisanal fisheries, in terms of catch strategies, productivity, and gross per capita income, at two reservoirs: the Barra Bonita (an eutrophic reservoir with some introduced species), and the Jurumirim (an oligotrophic reservoir, with no introduced species). Published data and structured interviews with fishers were used to evaluate fishing activity, fish biomass, and the financial performance of the fisheries. In the Barra Bonita Reservoir we analysed data from 745 fishing trips, from which 86,691.9 kg of fish were landed, with a mean CPUE of 62.4 kg/fisher-1 day-1. The main type of fish caught was tilapia (71,513.5 kg; CPUE of 51.5 kg/fisher-1 day-1), which constituted 82.5% of the biomass caught. In the Jurumirim Reservoir, we analysed data from 2,401 fishing trips, from which 25,093.6 kg of fish were landed, with a mean CPUE of 10.4 kg/fisher-1 day-1. The main type of fish caught was "traíra" (6,158.6 kg; CPUE of 2.6 kg/fisher-1 day-1), which constituted 24.5% of the biomass caught. Ordination analysis (PCA) indicated that there was a difference in composition between the fishing reservoirs and ANCOVA showed that there was a significant difference in fish production between the reservoirs. A Student's t-test showed that fishers in the Barra Bonita Reservoir had a significantly higher gross per capita income than those from the Jurumirim Reservoir. Although the Barra Bonita Reservoir has a higher fish production and the fishers earn a higher gross per capita income, we recommend the Jurumirim Reservoir as a model for artisanal fishery management because fishing activity in this reservoir is viable in the long term and such a model would promote conservation and sustainability. This contrasts with the Barra Bonita Reservoir, in which the fishery is not viable in the long term, due to environmental problems caused by artificial eutrophication and the introduction of alien species. It is also noted that in many countries, management of fisheries based on exotic species has not been viable in the long term.
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de Boois, Ingeborg J., Nathalie A. Steins, Floor J. Quirijns, and Marloes Kraan. "The compatibility of fishers and scientific surveys: increasing legitimacy without jeopardizing credibility." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 5 (May 16, 2021): 1769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab079.
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Abstract For a long time, fishery-independent surveys were only carried out by scientists. On-going criticism by Dutch fishers on the North Sea beam trawl survey prompted scientists to invite fishers on board. Since 2007, fishers have annually joined the survey as observers. Observing all steps in the survey like rigging the gear, the selection of fishing locations, catch sorting, and data registration enables fishers to provide feedback based on their experience instead of preconceptions. Where possible, their suggestions for improvements are incorporated. Since fishers joined, the nature of discussions about the survey has changed to being constructive. The fishing industry's trust in survey methods, results, and the scientific crew increased. Scientists gained a better understanding of the importance of the survey for fishers' livelihoods. The observers also inspired continuous scientific scrutiny of the survey, its setup, and objectives. We describe the process of incorporating fishers in a fishery-independent survey, its benefits, and challenges. We show how perceptions about the survey changed. Allowing stakeholders behind the scenes of a survey and taking their expertise into account contributes to a more reciprocal relation in the co-production of knowledge through collaborative research and increases legitimacy. We propose guidelines for involving stakeholders without compromising the survey's and professional credibility.
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Woods, Pamela J., Daniel S. Holland, and André E. Punt. "Evaluating the benefits and risks of species-transformation provisions in multispecies IFQ fisheries with joint production." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 7 (March 16, 2016): 1764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw031.
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Abstract Species-transformation provisions allow fishers to convert quota of one species to that of another species at prescribed conversion rates. These provisions, along with other catch-quota balancing mechanisms, are meant to aid fishers in matching available quota to actual catch so that incentives to discard are reduced. In this paper, we use a bioeconomic model to examine how species-transformation provisions affect sustainability and profitability of a multispecies fishery. We base parameterization of the model loosely on management of the Icelandic demersal fishery, which currently employs one of the broadest implementations of species transformations. To represent fisher behaviour in each year, effort is allocated among two or three métiers, such that total profit for that year is maximized. Each métier represents a combination of three species’ catchability rates that define which species are targeted by each métier and how independent a species’ catch rate is from that of other species. Assumptions regarding the degree to which fishers can target specific species by shifting effort between métiers, as well as how relative profitability among métiers varies, are paramount to understanding more generally how fishing regulations such as species transformations can be expected to change fishing patterns. This constraint depends not only on how strongly associated species catches are within a métier but also on relative species abundance and what alternate métiers are available.
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RICHARDSON, ELIZABETH A., MICHEL J. KAISER, and GARETH EDWARDS-JONES. "Variation in fishers' attitudes within an inshore fishery: implications for management." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 3 (September 2005): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002456.
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Understanding the incentives influencing the attitudes and behaviour of resource users is a crucial input to the design of institutions for resource management. Typically fishers have been expected to exploit resources in an independent profit-maximizing manner, which is in line with common property theory, although these expectations are not always met because fishers' behaviours and attitudes are generally more heterogeneous than previously considered. Attitudinal differences between participants in the inshore commercial fishery of Wales, UK, were investigated. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 161 fishers from the five main sectors, namely mobile gear fishers, crustacean potters, whelk potters, line/net fishers and transient fishers. Unprompted expressions of attitudes and responses to open-ended questions underwent thematic-coding and were analysed with fishers' responses to structured questions. Investigation into whether the incentive to participate in resource stewardship varied between sectors as predicted by common property theory found attitudinal similarities across the sectors, but also certain important differences. Results suggested an attitudinal continuum, with mobile gear fishers and crustacean potters at the two extremes, and intermediate positions occupied by transient fishers, whelk potters and line/net fishers. Mobile gear fishers believed most strongly that their fishery was controlled too tightly and was impacted by other fishers and other anthropogenic influences. Crustacean potters believed most strongly that conservation of stocks was necessary and that minimum landing sizes were not overcautious. The attitudes that characterized each sector were related to the characteristics of the sector and its resource base, and generally concurred with theoretical predictions. In particular, target species' mobility and past sector experiences predicted the inclination of fishers in each sector towards resource stewardship. The observed attitudinal differences implied varying personal discount rates that may affect how respondents respond to and comply with management tools. Furthermore, attitudinal differences among sectors mean that an effective management tool in one sector may be inappropriate or counterproductive in another.
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Jauharee, Ahmed Riyaz, Manuela Capello, Monique Simier, Fabien Forget, Mohamed Shiham Adam, and Laurent Dagorn. "Tuna behaviour at anchored FADs inferred from Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of pole-and-line tuna fishers in the Maldives." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): e0254617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254617.
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The Maldives tuna fishery landings in 2018 were 148, 000 t and accounted for nearly a quarter of the global pole-and-line tuna catch. This fishery partially relies on a network of 55 anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) deployed around the archipelago. About one-third of the total pole-and-line tuna catch is harvested at AFADs. Although the AFAD fishery has existed for 35 years, knowledge on the behaviour of tuna in the AFAD array is still limited, precluding the development of science-based fishery management. In this study, local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers was used to improve our understanding of tuna behaviour, through personal interviews of 54 pole-and-line fishers from different parts of the archipelago. Interview results suggest that during the northeast monsoon tuna are more abundant on the eastern side of the Maldives, while during the southwest monsoon they are more abundant on the western side of the Maldives. Most fishers believed that tuna tend to stay at the AFADs for 3 to 6 days and remain within 2 miles from the AFADs when they are associated. Fishers believe that strong currents is the main factor for tuna departure from AFADs, though high sea surface temperatures and stormy conditions were also thought to contribute to departures. Moderate currents are believed to be a favourable condition to form aggregations at the AFADs while other factors such as suitable temperature, prey and attractants enhance this aggregation. Fishers also believe that there are multiple schools segregated according to size and species at AFADs and that catchability is higher at dawn and in the late afternoon when the tuna occur shallower in the water column. This study is an important step towards engaging the Maldivian tuna fishers into a science-based fishery management.
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Islam, Ariful, Md Saddam Hossain, and Zakir Hossain. "Impacts of climate change on fishersˊ livelihood in Kishoregonj haor region, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 3 (October 17, 2020): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i3.49788.
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Kishoreganjhaor region is highly sensitive to the climatic events such as flash flood, soil erosion, heavy rainfall, drought, storm surge etc. The aim of this research is to assess the impacts of climate change on fishersˊ livelihoods of Kishorganjhaor region, Bangladesh. The fisherˊ livelihood data were collected through semi-structured questionnaire interview and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) method. In Kishoreganjhaor region, natural disasters have increased due to climate change, that threat on fishersˊ livelihood by extinction of fish species, low fish availability, destructing houses and other infrastructures. In the present study, it was found that 65% fishers were involved in permanent fishing activity and 35% fishers were temporarily involved in fishing with other occupation as daily labour, net making etc. A very few empirical research on the impacts of climate change in Kishoreganjhaor has been conducted, so researcher and policy makers can get information about the concern by this study and implement policy for the climate change induced affected people of the Kishoreganjhaor.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 408-417
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BLANK, SARA G., and MICHAEL C. GAVIN. "The randomized response technique as a tool for estimating non-compliance rates in fisheries: a case study of illegal red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) fishing in Northern California." Environmental Conservation 36, no. 2 (June 2009): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290999004x.
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SUMMARYIllegal fishing has detrimental environmental and social impacts, but these effects are difficult to mitigate without reliable estimates of fisher non-compliance. Methods used by fisheries managers to estimate illegal fishing often require indirect estimation of poaching using biological, economic or sociological indicators. This study presents a unique application of the randomized response technique (RRT) for direct estimation of non-compliance in fisheries to the Northern California recreational red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) fishery. An anonymous paper-based compliance and sociodemographic survey of recreational fishers in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties estimated 29% non-compliance with the daily take limit, 23% with the minimum size limit, 19% with licensing laws and 15% with the annual take limit. RRT results also indicated how different sociodemographic characteristics related to non-compliance. Visitors had higher non-compliance rates than local fishers for all regulations except daily take limits, which an estimated 72% of locals violated versus 18% of visitors. High fisher awareness of regulations, fisher age, income and fishing experience did not appear to influence illegal take. RRT is a powerful tool which can aid conservation managers in prioritizing action.
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Simfukwe, Kingdom, Moses Majid Limuwa, and Friday Njaya. "Are Chilimira Fishers of Engraulicypris sardella (Günther, 1868) in Lake Malawi Productive? The Case of Nkhotakota District." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 16018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316018.
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An ecological shift has populated Engraulicypris sardella as a livelihood and economic drive among fishers in Malawi. However, the paucity of biological information regarding E. sardella limits the effective monitoring and sustainable management of the fishery. This has created a heavily invested fishery in terms of the effort put into fishing, but it is poorly managed. Moreover, the current production capacity from the fishery has a negligible impact on lessening the shortfall of the national fish demand, indicating its underperformance. Therefore, the productive efficiency of Lake Malawi Chilimira fishers in exploiting E. sardella was analysed. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample 355 Chilimira fishers between July and October 2021. Results from the translog stochastic frontier model revealed that Chilimira fishers had an overall mean technical efficiency of 60% that ranged between 21% and 92%. This indicates that Chilimira fishers are 40% technically inefficient in exploiting E. sardella. The fishing inputs of bunt area, light emitting diode (LED) bulbs, and mesh size significantly contributed to technical efficiency, whereas boat size, fishing depth, number of hauls, and mosquito net lining significantly reduced the technical inefficiency. On average, the Chilimira fishery is operating with increasing returns to scale with bunt area, the quantity of fuel (litres), and the number of LED bulbs having positive input–output elasticity. This means that new developments in the fishery, including LED bulbs, increased bunt area, and boat size, are key factors that will improve fishing efficiency for sustainable fishery exploitation. In contrast, illegal fishing units of small bunt mesh size and mosquito net lining at the bunt threaten the sustainability of the fishery. It is, therefore, important that relevant stakeholders put policy measures in place that promote sustainable fishing effort approaches in exploiting the virgin offshore fishery to maximise catch.
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Ahmed, Maruf, Sabrina Jannat Mitu, Petra Schneider, Masud Alam, Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder, and Md Mostafa Shamsuzzaman. "Socio-Economic Conditions of Small-Scale Hilsa Fishers in the Meghna River Estuary of Chandpur, Bangladesh." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 12470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212470.
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Hilsa fish (Tenualosa ilisha) have become an essential factor behind the well-being of the fishing community, giving fishers their identity as a source of cultural heritage. A field survey was conducted to understand the socio-economic conditions of hilsa fishers at the Meghna river estuary of Chandpur District using well-structured questionnaire interviews (N = 250) with hilsa fishers. The survey revealed that fishers’ livelihoods and living conditions were still below average due to low literacy levels, lack of professional skills, and low incomes. More than two-thirds of the fishers were entirely dependent on hilsa fishing, while more than one-third had between 11 and 20 years of fishing experience. More than two-thirds of the fishers did not have an alternative occupation during ban periods, and the incentives provided by the government were not adequately received by half of the fishers. Fishers were divided into three groups according to their dependence on hilsa fishing. Significant differences were found between these groups in terms of the age of fishers, annual income from fishing, and annual fishing activity days. Therefore, the government, Fisheries cooperatives, NGOs, and other relevant organizations must unite to support fishers for sustainable hilsa fishery management.
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Yasir, Yasir, Nurjanah Nurjanah, and Noor Efni Salam. "MODERNIZATION OF FISHERY AND CONFLICT AMONG FISHERMEN IN BENGKALIS DISTRICT OF RIAU PROVINCE." Jurnal Kawistara 9, no. 3 (December 22, 2019): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.39648.
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Modernization fishery tools facilitated by government support is assumed to help improving fishermen incomes. However, on reality the introduction of the more advanced tools has also posed challenges to the traditional fishermen. Modernization of fishery technology can also caused conflict between fishermen. This found evidence in the conflict between longline (rawai) fishers and trawl fishers in Bengkalis District-Riau has occurred for more than 30 years. The modernization of fishing gear by government is one of the triggers of the conflict. This research aims to uncover the root causes of conflict and understand communication management to overcome the conflict between traditional and modern fishers. This research used the qualitative and explorative method. The results show that the conflict among fishers in the coastal area of Bengkalis occurs due to the use of trawl and the territorial dispute in fishing. The causes of conflict between fishers are related to lack of rule understanding, economic inequality, and differences in value and culture. Government delivery of the aid that is not sensitive to the need fo traditional fishermen play role in the conflict. This is due to the problem communication management. The resolution of the conflicts at the Fishers community level is possible if the government is able to build the atmosphere through appropriate policies, programs and communication ways for the Fishers community.
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Nababan, Benny Osta, and Yesi Dewita Sari. "ANALISIS EFISIENSI KREDIT MODAL VENTURA UNTUK NELAYAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP (Studi Kasus Nelayan di Kabupaten Tegal)." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 5, no. 1 (July 17, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v5i1.5792.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi relatif pemberian kredit modal ventura terhadap nelayan di Kabupaten Tegal yang melakukan penangkapan menggunakan alat tangkap cantrang. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) digunakan untuk mengetahui efisiensi relatif nelayan penerima kredit ventura dibandingkan nelayan bukan penerima. Analisis juga dikembangkan dengan menggunakan 2 skenario yaitu maksimisasi output dan minimisasi biaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan seluruh variabel input dan output, maka 6 dari 7 nelayan penerima kredit ventura efisien 100% dan hanya 2 nelayan responden tidak menerima kredit ventura yang memiliki efisiensi 100%. Berdasarkan skenario 1 dan 2, hanya 2 nelayan penerima kredit ventura yang mengalami efisiensi 100%; sedangkan yang lainnya berkisar antara 70% - 100%. Nelayan tidak menerima kredit ventura memiliki efisiensi < 70%. Pemberian kredit modal ventura dapat meningkatkan efisensi usaha perikanan tangkap terutama bagi nelayan yang melakukan penangkapan jauh dari pantai. Tittle: Efficiency analysis of Ventura Capital Credit for Fisher's Household (Case Study of Fishers in Tegal District)This research aimed to understand relative efficiency of the ventura credits to Tegal district's fishers whose cantrang fishing unit. This research used primary and secondary data and applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to find out relative efficiency of fisher who receive the ventura credit, and compare it with the fishermen without ventura credit. By using two scenarios of maximization output and minimization input, this research results show that using all output and input variables, six of seven fishers received ventura credit have a relative efficiency of 100% and only 2 fishers not received the ventura credit have relative efficiency 100%. Based on first and second scenarios, 2 fishers received ventura credit have a relative efficiency of 100% and others have a relative efficiency ranging from 70% to 100%. Fishers who are not received ventura credit have a relative efficiency less than 70%. Ventura credit enables to increase relative efficiency of fishers, especially for those who fishing beyond coastal area
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Siddique, Ifqa Mushtaq, Rizwana Malik, and Adnan Bin Zahoor. "Assessment of knowledge regarding novel Corona Virus (covid-19) among fishers of Kashmir valley." Journal of Phytopharmacology 11, no. 3 (June 25, 2022): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11307.
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The covid-19 pandemic has become a major public challenge globally. The assessment of knowledge level and awareness regarding covid-19 among fishers who are highly illiterate and under privileged becomes vitally important during this pandemic. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge, awareness, preventive practices, behavioral change and vulnerability among fishers due to covid-19. The primary data was collected through personal visits. A well structural questioner comprising of 22 close ended questions regarding covid-19was used to collect the data from 80 fisher respondent from 3 fisher dominant areas (viz Moti Mohalla, Taliban, Dobhi ghat) of district Srinagar. The data collected was analyzed using different statistical tools and scales like MS-Excel, PAST-4 and SPSS. The research revealed that despite being illiterate the fisher’s knowledge level about covid-19 and measures taken to reduce it were significantly high. The study recorded good knowledge and awareness among respondents, however there is a further need to organize community-based awareness campaigns to enhance the level of knowledge and awareness among the under privileged sections of society.
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Silvano, Renato A. M., Paula E. R. Pereyra, Alpina Begossi, and Gustavo Hallwass. "Which fish is this? Fishers know more than 100 fish species in megadiverse tropical rivers." FACETS 7 (January 1, 2022): 988–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0136.
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Ethnobiological studies on folk, common, or popular names that fishers use to identify fish can help improve fisheries monitoring and collaborations between fishers and researchers. This study investigates fishers’ knowledge (recognition, naming, and habitat use) on 115 and 119 fish species, respectively, in the Negro and Tapajos Rivers, two megadiverse rivers in the Brazilian Amazon, and investigates the relationship between such knowledge and fish importance to fisheries, fish abundance, and fish size. We also compared fishers’ perceptions on fisheries and fish abundance with literature data on fish harvests and fish sampling. We interviewed 16 fishers in 16 communities (one fisher per community, 8 communities along each river). These fishers recognized an average of 91 ± 10.4 species in the Negro River and 115 ± 7.2 species in the Tapajos River, but all fishers recognized 114 species in Negro and all species in Tapajos. The fishers’ knowledge of fish species was positively related to fishers’ perceptions on fish abundance, size, and importance to fisheries in the Negro, but only positively related to fish size in the Tapajos. Our results highlight the usefulness of fishers’ knowledge to providing data on use and cultural relevance of fish species in high diversity aquatic ecosystems.
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Ullah, Shakir, Usman Khan, Jianfu Ma, Khalil Ur Rahman, and Jamshid Ali Turi. "Reflections on development and fishermen’s survival in Gwadar, Pakistan." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 7, no. 2 (August 24, 2023): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v7i2.1957.
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This study explores the marginalization of a poor fishing community in Gwadar, Pakistan. The study provides an insight into how different levels of power, such as hidden, visible/pluralist, and invisible ideological powers, are used in policy arenas to hinder fishers’ access to participatory spaces, decision-making, and resource use. By employing Gaventa’s power cubes analytical model, we analyze fishers’ experiences and prevailing scenarios. Qualitative research methods were used to collect data, including in-depth interviews and participant observation. The finding shows that the interests of the fishing community in fishery policies and ongoing development projects are excluded both with intention and unintentionally. The exclusion of the local fisher community from key spaces brings interruptions and transformations that influence their lives. Due to this, they are induced to join insurgent groups to confront exclusion-based policies in Gwadar, Pakistan.
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Fulton, Elizabeth, David Kault, Bruce Mapstone, and Marcus Sheaves. "Spawning season influences on commercial catch rates: computer simulations and Plectropomus leopardus, a case in point1." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 1096–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-046.
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Spatial and temporal closures of sections of the marine environment are proposed frequently as fishery management devices, particularly when specific areas, such as spawning aggregations, can be identified. The ultimate effectiveness of spawning area closures is unknown, as spawning-related determinants of catch rate have not been studied. A simulation model, based on existing biological and fisher information, was constructed to examine the most important determinants of the spawning season catch rates using the protogynous aggregative spawner Plectropomus leopardus (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae) as a test case. Model output indicated that spawning season catches rose as long as catchability of spawners was equal to or greater than that of nonspawners. Greatest increases in catch were produced by fish moving from habitats inaccessible to fishers into regularly fished locations during migrations to spawning aggregations. Elevated catches were not simply dependent on the targeting of aggregations by fishers. Small-scale spatial closures around spawning aggregation sites would not be sufficient to protect the spawning stock of fish such as P. leopardus, but larger scale closures during the spawning season may be useful even when fishers are not targeting spawning aggregations.
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Suadi, Suadi, Soeparno Soeparno, and Retno Widianingroem. "IMPLIKASI MODEL BIOEKONOMI TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PERIKANAN TANGKAP: STUDI KASUS DI PANTAI SELATAN YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.8974.
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Small-scale marine capture fisheries have contributes to community welfare at Yogyakarta’s south coast. Government has planned some programs to develop fisheries. The development supposed only at rational effort in which fishers still gain advantages. Precautionary approach using bio-economic model of Gordon-Schaefer was applied to analyze the issue. The linear regression model of catch per unit of effort (C/f) (CPUE) and effort (f) was C/f = 59,851 – 0,0005f (R2 = 82, 71%). Fish price assumed at Rp 7,735.19 /kg with operational cost of Rp 59,835.67/trip. Total revenue and effort at maximum sustainable yield was predicted at Rp 13,396 billion and 56,860 trip (equals to 327 vessels), respectively. Fisher income at this level was Rp 167,774.51/trip/vessel. Fish exploration level in this area has already closed to total allowable catch. Free access equilibrium in which cost is equal to revenue might reach at effort of 102,231 trip (equals to 568 vessels). Managing fisheries at maximum economic yield might rise fisher income 17.83% comparing to maximum sustainable yield, but total revenue decreased 1.77% at 56.13% of existing effort. Some management strategies should be promoted and regulated for the fishery exploitation. Based on the results, those possible strategy were 1) limiting investment through regulation and permission; 2) improvement of fishers productivity through technology improvement to exploit under-used fish resources; 3) expanding the fisheries activity to offshore through harbor development and social preparation; 4) marketing improvement through revitalization of fish action; 5) improving hadling and post harvest fish technology through training and extension; 6) the increasing of bargaining position through empowering fishers group; 7) promoting alternate incomes through integrated coastal tourism development; and 8) avoiding competition and conflict through developing Java’s south coast cooperation. Participatory approach in planning, developing and evaluating should be promoted to develop fishery a southern coast of Yogyakarta.
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Steel, Jade R., William I. Atlas, Natalie C. Ban, Kyle Wilson, Jayda Wilson, William G. Housty, and Jonathan W. Moore. "Understanding barriers, access, and management of marine mixed-stock fisheries in an era of reconciliation: Indigenous-led salmon monitoring in British Columbia." FACETS 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 592–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0080.
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Wild salmon are central to food security, cultural identity, and livelihoods of coastal Indigenous communities. Yet ongoing inequities in governance, declining fish populations, and mixed-stock ocean fisheries may pose challenges for equitable access between Indigenous fishers and other non-Indigenous fishers. We sought to understand current perceptions among Haíłzaqv (Heiltsuk) fishers towards salmon fisheries and their management. We conducted dockside surveys with both Haíłzaqv fishers and sport fishers, and in-depth interviews with Haíłzaqv fishers, community members, and natural resource managers. From these surveys and interviews we quantified satisfaction among both food, social, and ceremonial fishers and visiting recreational fishers with the current salmon fishery and associated social-ecological drivers, and characterized perceptions among Haíłzaqv people of salmon fisheries and management. Second, we synthesized community perceptions of the revitalization of terminal, communally run salmon fisheries within Haíłzaqv territory as a tool for their future salmon management. Finally, we elicited information from Haíłzaqv fishers about the barriers people in their community currently face in accessing salmon fisheries. Our findings suggest that low salmon abundance, increased fishing competition, and high costs associated with participation in marine mixed-stock fisheries currently hinder access and equity for Haíłzaqv fishers. This community-based research can help strengthen local, Indigenous-led management of salmon into the future.