Journal articles: 'Fishes - Effect of heavy metals on'

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Idzelis, Raimondas Leopoldas, Vytautas Kesminas, Gintaras Svecevičius, and Vaidas Misius. "ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS (CU, ZN, NI, CR, PB, CD) IN TISSUES OF PERCH (PERCA FLUVIATILIS L.) AND ROACH RUTILUS RUTILUS (L.) UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS/SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ (CU, ZN, NI, CR, PB, CD) KAUPIMASIS EŠERIO PERCA FLUVIATILIS L. IR KUOJOS RUTILUS АККУМУЛЯЦИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ (CU, ZN, NI, CR, PB, CD) В ТКАНЯХ ОКУНЯ PERCA FLUVIATILIS L. И ПЛОТВЫ RUTILLUS RUTILLUS L. В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2008.16.205-212.

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The paper analyses the effects of heavy metals on freshwater fishes. From the point of view of pollution caused by heavy metals, the condition of ecosystems in Lithuania is yet less affected by heavy metals compared to that the world over. Fishes accumulate heavy metals selectively. Fishes mostly accumulate Pb, Cr, Cd. Our experiments showed that MPC (Maximum Permitted Concentration) (0.2 mg/kg) of lead was exceeded 1.6 time in the muscles of perch, and 1.4 time ‐ in the muscles of roach. The MPC (0.05 mg/kg) of cadmium was exceeded 1.2 time in the muscles of perch and roach. It was determined that perch accumulate heavy metals more intensively than roach. Heavy metals accumulate in fishes: liver > muscle> gills. As heavy metals are considered to be one of the most harmful water pollutants, there is a great need for a constant ecological monitoring and reduction of their amounts released into the environment. According to long‐term research data, the MPC in fishes is exceeded only slightly. This confirms a good condition of aquatic ecosystems in Lithuania. Santrauka Įvertintas sunkiųjų metalų pasiskirstymas gėlavandenių žuvų audiniuose monitoringiniuose vandens telkiniuose, taip pat ir kuojų bei ešerių, paveiktų sunkiųjų metalų didžiausiomis leidžiamosiomis koncentracijomis (DLK), audiniuose. Eksperimentiniai tyrimai atlikti su Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, kurių kiekvienas pasižymi kancerogeniniu mutageniniu poveikiu. Nustatyta, kad švino DLK (0,2 mg/kg) buvo viršyta ešerių raumenyse 1,6 karto, o kuojų – 1,4 karto. Kadmio DLK (0,05 mg/kg) ešerių ir kuojų raumenyse buvo viršyta apie 1,2 karto. Taip pat nustatyta, kad ešeriai sunkiuosius metalus kaupia intensyviau nei kuojos. Eksperimentiniai duomenys sutampa su sunkiųjų metalų tyrimų monitoringiniuose vandens telkiniuose duomenimis. Žuvų audiniuose Pb ir Cd koncentracijos yra didžiausios ir dažnai viršija Lietuvos higienos normoje nurodytąją DLK. Tokie rezultatai įpareigoja nuolat kontroliuoti sunkiųjų metalų kiekį žuvyse. Rezultatai pateikiami sunkiųjų metalų sklaidos pasiskirstymo grafikuose. Резюме Представлены данные по распределению тяжелых металлов в тканях пресноводных рыб в мониторинговых водоемах, а также результаты, полученные путем воздействия тяжелых металлов в предельно допустимых концентрациях (ПДК) на окуня и плотву. В экспериментальных исследованиях применялись металлы Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, оказывающие на живые организмы воздействие мутагенного и канцерогенного характера. Установлено, что концентрация Cd в тканях окуня превышала ПДК (0,2 мг/кг) в 1,6 раза, а в тканях плотвы – в 1,4 раза. Концентрация Cd в тканях тех же рыб превышала ПДК (0,05 мг/кг) примерно в 1,2 раза. Также установлено, что окунь аккумулирует тяжелые металлы интенсивнее плотвы. Экспериментальные данные совпадают с данными, полученными в мониторинговых водоемах. Установлено также, что концентрация Pb и Cd в тканях рыб зачастую превышает ПДК. Полученные результаты обязывают постоянно контролировать уровень тяжелых металлов в тканях рыб.

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Hemmadi, Vijay. "A critical review on integrating multiple fish biomarkers as indicator of heavy metals contamination in aquatic ecosystem." International Journal of Bioassays 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 5494. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.9.5.

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An immense amount of data is available on biomarkers related to different eco-toxicants. But data on contaminant-specific biomarkers in fishes is sparse. Traditionally, detection and quantification of heavy metals in sediment, water, and biota gave us valuable information on the quantity and the type of heavy metal present in the ecosystem. This information can be utilized to select a heavy metal specific biomarker. For an instance, if Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Cupper (Cu) are at high concentration, then Metallothionein (MT) can be a good candidate biomarker. Along with this, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a very potent indicator of Iron (Fe) and Mercury (Hg) contamination and also Catalase (CAT) is specific for Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) exposure. For these kinds of selection of biomarker, the researchers should know heavy metals type specific biomarker. This review is the small effort towards cumulating the heavy metals type specific biomarker. This demonstrates the exposure and effects of heavy metals in fishes by integrating the heavy metal quantification and biomarker selection.

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Gupta, Yogesh, and Pravesh Kumar. "Effect of mercury (HG) on some biological parameters of channa punctatus." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 1 (March 23, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i1.5910.

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Freshwater fish, channa punctatus caught from Yamuna river studied for toxicity and biological parameters. In the present study short-term (96 hr) toxicity of mercury in relation to estimation of hematological test for channa punctatus. The control fishes showed mean value of 75.00 g/dL for hemoglobin. The fishes were exposed to sub- lethal concentration of mercuric chloride showed the hemoglobin mean values of 67.2, 50.8, 42.6 and 29.2 g/dL hemoglobin at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 ppm treatment respectively. The values for treatments showed a significant decrease when compared to the control (P-0.05).The heavy metals has a direct effect on the 96-hr LC50 values of the respective heavy metals and the susceptibility of fish.

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Hemmadi, Vijay. "Metallothionein - A potential biomarker to assess the metal contamination in marine fishes." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 04 (April 22, 2016): 4961. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.04.003.

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In this review, the fish Metallothionein (MT) is broadly discussed in relation to their utilization as a biomarker to assess the heavy metal contamination in marine ecosystem. Heavy metals are the main marine pollutants whose bioaccumulation in fishes results in deleterious effects on physiology, biochemistry and behavior. To assess the health status of fishes, an early determination of metal levels along with a biomarker like MT will help us to understand the bioavailability and toxicity of the metals. MTs constitute a family of low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins functioning in the regulation of essential metals and detoxification of both essential and nonessential metals. Since 1980, MT has been the useful tool for toxicity assessment of metals before sub lethal and lethal damage to organisms because of quick induction of MTs as metals enter the tissue. Various studies conducted on the induction, regulation and estimation of the MT by the metals showed that many variables such as sexual maturity, age, tissue type, metal type, route of exposure, changes in the environmental conditions of the living habitat of the organisms under study and presence of exogenous and endogenous substances do create fluctuations in the level of MT. Keeping in view of the above factors, this review attempts to understand the effectiveness of this biomarker in assessing the health status of the fishes.

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David Owolabi, Olufemi, and Olufunsho Awodele. "Heavy metal bio-accumulation in the kidneys of scaly and non-scaly fishes from Epe Lagoon, Nigeria." UNED Research Journal 11, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v11i2.2307.

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Introduction: Heavy metal contamination of aquatic ecosystems has been a serious concern throughout the world for many decades, and has caused devastating effects on aquatic organisms. Objective: To evaluate the levels of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb and Cd in the kidneys of scaly (T. zillii, M. rume and R. ocellatus) and non-scaly (C. gariepinus, Ch. nigrodigitatus and S. filamentosus) fishes in Epe lagoon, Nigeria to understanding the bioaccumulation potential of the kidney relative to other organs in fish that have previously been reported in literature. Methods: We studied concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the kidneys of 141 scaly fishes (Mo. rume, R. occellatus, T. zillii) and 134 non-scaly fishes (C. gariepinus, S.filamentosus, Ch. nigrodigitatus) and water samples obtained from Epe Lagoon using Standard Atomic Absorption Spectrometry methods. Results: The kidneys of R. ocellatus had the highest levels of Fe (2,92±0,10) and Cd (0,18±0,03), while that of Ch. nigrodigitatus (2,78±0,02) and T. zillii (0,31±0,02) had the lowest concentration of Fe and Cd respectively. T. zillii and M. rume accumulated Cu and Zn in their kidneys respectively more than the others. There was no significant difference (p<0,05) in mean trace metal concentrations among the scaly and non-scaly fishes. The concentrations of metals in fish specimens were below the FEPA and WHO prescribed maximum allowable limits in food fish. Dissolved oxygen (9,0±0,02) and total alkalinity (24,0±0,01) were above FEPA values (dissolved oxygen: 3,0-5,0mg/L and total alkalinity: 3,05-5,3mg/L). The ranking of heavy metals distribution in the water body was Cu (4,70)>Fe (0,72)>Zn (0,13)>Pb (0,007)>Cd (0,006). Bioconcentration factor of Zn was generally high in all species. Conclusion: Close monitoring of these metals in the fishes and the lagoon is important to ensure the safety of fish consumers in the area.

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Akter, Suny, Zeenath Fardous, Jesmin Aktar, Md Abdur Rahman, Muhammed Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury, Shilpi Sarkar, and Md Baki Billah. "Environmental contamination of heavy metals in some dried fish of coastal regions of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i2.44340.

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Heavy metals are non-biodegradable substances which cause serious carcinogenic effects on animals and humans. As fish occupy top position of aquatic food chain, it is a major source of heavy metal contamination. The concentration of Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were 0.0156 - 0.1428, 0.163 - 8.53, 0.0924 - 0.4026, 9.38 - 65.9382, 0.0473 - 0.1981 and 0.1473 - 1.8148 ppm respectively for the fish samples of Cox’s Bazar region while 0.0191 - 0.1386, 0.8445 - 0.1743, 0.102 - 0.4625, 0.102 - 0.4675, 9.7269 - 60.5267, 0.3108 - 0.046 ppm for the fish samples of Saint Martin’s region. Comparatively high concentrations of heavy metals were found to be accumulated in Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola), Rupchanda (Stromateus chinensis) and Chhuri (Trichiurus lepturus). The order of heavy metal concentrations were Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn > Cd. The concentration of heavy metals varied from species to species and most of the metals were not significantly correlated, even some metals showed negative correlation among them. Concentration of Fe in some fishes (Mola, Rupchanda and Chhuri) was found higher than WHO guideline values, while other metals exhibited the value below the WHO standard. The results of this study will assist in acquiring information about the level of toxic metals in these regions and to improve the coastal management in these areas in future. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 293-304, 2019

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Hossain, Md Iqbal, Badhan Saha, Mahmuda Begum, Nusrat Jahan Punom, Mst Khadiza Begum, and Mohammad Shamsur Rahman. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) fed with commercial fish feeds." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 29, no. 2 (May 4, 2017): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v29i2.32325.

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The study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in some commonly used commercial fish feeds and to observe the bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Cd and Ni in liver, muscle and gills of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after culturing them for 60 days by feeding those commercial feeds. The study revealed that the concentration of Cu was the highest (65.08 mg/kg) in handmade feed (B1) among four heavy metals. The concentrations of Cr in collected feeds were 1.75 to 3.04 mg/kg, which exceeds the permissible limit set by FAO. In cultured tilapia, the concentrations of studied heavy metals were found higher than initial concentration in fish feeds and in tilapia fingerlings. Metal levels in cultured fish followed the ranking of Cu>Cr>Ni>Cd and order in individual organs was liver>gill>muscle. The highest concentration of Cu (72.86 mg/kg) was found in liver given S feed and the lowest concentration (0.67 mg/kg) was in muscle receiving Q feed. Bioaccumulation of Cr was the highest (23.95 mg/kg) in liver taken B1 feed and the lowest (9.29 mg/kg) in muscle of tilapia cultured with C feed. Concentration of Cu exceeded the tolerable limit in fishes cultured with S and C feeds. But Cr concentration surpassed the allowable limit in every feed studied. The concentrations of Ni and Cd were below the permissible range approved by FAO. Considering the present study, tilapia cultured with these experimental feeds is not safe for human consumption. Higher concentration of these heavy metals exceeding allowable limit may cause harmful effect on human body after consumption of those fishes and can create cancer and other diseases in human body.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 89-99, December-2016

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Muthukumaravel, K., P. Kumarasamy, A. Amsath, and M. Gabriel Paulraj. "Toxic Effect of Cadmium on the Electrophoretic Protein Patterns of Gill and Muscle of Oreochromis mossambicus." E-Journal of Chemistry 4, no. 2 (2007): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/834538.

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The present study was carried out to determine the sub lethal toxic effects of the heavy metal cadmium on the electrophoretic protein fractions of gill and muscle tissues ofOreochromis mossambicus. Fishes were exposed to 10% sub lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of cadmium for a period of 10 days. The protein fractions in the muscle of experimental fishes were found to be increased (twelve fractions) with respect to controls (eight fractions). The numbers of protein fractions in the gills of test fishes were found to be lesser than the control fishes. The results of the present study prove that cadmium affects the protein fractions in the tissues of fishes.

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AL-DOGHACHI, M. A. R. "Mixed effect of some of heavy metals on survival of fish liza abu (hickel 1843)." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE 4, no. 2 (2007): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijaq.2007.4.2.3.

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McKenzie, D. J., E. Garofalo, M. J. Winter, S. Ceradini, F. Verweij, N. Day, R. Hayes, et al. "Complex physiological traits as biomarkers of the sub-lethal toxicological effects of pollutant exposure in fishes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1487 (May 2, 2007): 2043–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2100.

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Complex physiological traits, such as routine aerobic metabolic rate or exercise performance, are indicators of the functional integrity of fish that can reveal sub-lethal toxicological effects of aquatic pollutants. These traits have proved valuable in laboratory investigations of the sub-lethal effects of heavy metals, ammonia and various xenobiotics. It is not known, however, whether they can also function as biomarkers of the complex potential range of effects upon overall functional integrity caused by exposure to mixtures of chemicals in polluted natural environments. The current study used portable swimming respirometers to compare exercise performance and respiratory metabolism of fish exposed in cages for three weeks to either clean or polluted sites on three urban European river systems: the river Lambro, Milan, Italy; the rivers Blythe, Cole and Tame, Birmingham, UK; and the river Amstel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The UK and Italian rivers were variously polluted with high levels of both bioavailable heavy metals and organics, and the Amstel by mixtures of bioavailable organics at high concentrations. In both the UK and Italy, indigenous chub ( Leuciscus cephalus ) exposed to clean or polluted sites swam equally well in an initial performance test, but the chub from polluted sites could not repeat this performance after a brief recovery interval. These animals were unable to raise the metabolic rate and allocate oxygen towards exercise in the second trial, an effect confirmed in successive campaigns in Italy. Swimming performance was therefore a biomarker indicator of pollutant exposure in chub exposed at these sites. Exposure to polluted sites on the river Amstel did not affect the repeat swimming performance of cultured cloned carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), indicating either a species-specific tolerance or relative absence of heavy metals. However, measurements of oxygen uptake during swimming revealed increased rates of routine aerobic metabolism in both chub and carp at polluted sites in all of the rivers studied, indicating a sub-lethal metabolic loading effect. Therefore, the physiological traits of exercise performance and metabolic rate have potential as biomarkers of the overall sub-lethal toxic effects of exposure to complex mixtures of pollutants in rivers, and may also provide insight into why fish do not colonize some polluted environments.

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Palazhy, Sabitha, Joseph Kalathiparambil Thomas, and Shibu Sivadasan. "Toxic effect of lead on the fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)." Journal of Fisheries 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2018): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v6i1.2018.202.

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Pollution of water bodies caused by heavy metals such as lead is a major problem affecting aquatic fauna. The effect of lead on the fingerlings of fishes has not been widely investigated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of heavy metal lead on the fingerlings of the freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala. Different concentrations of lead nitrate solutions, viz., 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 40 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm, 160 ppm, 200 ppm, 240 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm and 500 ppm were prepared. Ten fingerlings were introduced into each concentration. The mortality rate and the time of survival of fingerlings in the lead nitrate solution during next 96 hours were recorded. The mortality rate increased to a sudden plateau from 100 ppm to 200 ppm (from 10% to 100%) and total mortality was attained at 200 ppm. LC50 for the fingerlings was found to be 160 ppm. There was almost instantaneous mortality – absolute intolerance – of the fingerlings at 500 ppm. Our study results show that the fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala can survive the toxic effect of lead nitrate up to 40 ppm, without physiological stress.

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Abdullateef Abdullahi Ibrahim, Ali Gambo Yusuf, Gambo Ismail, Muhammad Abdullahi Ibrahim, Abdulhamid Ruwa Musa, and Mustapha Said Sulaiman. "Conceptual Background of Bioaccumulation in Environmental Science." World Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53346/wjapls.2021.1.1.0015.

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Environmental metal pollution is one of the serious global problems with severe health effects due to its persistence and accumulation in living organisms, these require biological strategies such as bioaccumulation for remediation, the main environmental contaminants are associated to water, soil, and air. Meanwhile, Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of pollutants in living organisms which enable to assess the risk related to their presence in the ecosystems. In other words; Bioaccumulation is the net result of all uptake and loss processes, such as respiratory and dietary uptake, and loss by egestion, metabolism, passive diffusion, transfer to offspring and growth. Hence, this paper provides the conceptual background of bioaccumulation factors, effect of heavy metals on the ecosystems, and the organisms involved in the processes as well as some fishes and plants responsible for bioaccumulation.

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Golovanova, I. L. "Effects of heavy metals on the physiological and biochemical status of fishes and aquatic invertebrates." Inland Water Biology 1, no. 1 (January 2008): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12212-008-1014-1.

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Nicula, Marioara, Nicolae Pacala, Lavinia Stef, Ioan Pet, Dorel Dronca, Adriana Gherbon, and Mirela Ahmadi. "In vivo Experiments of Natural Products Protection of Antagonistic Effects of Lead on Iron." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 12 (January 15, 2018): 2747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.12.5969.

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Living organisms take nutrients from the environment, and together with them, substances with toxic potential � such as heavy metals. Lead is one common metal pollutant especially in aquatic environment, from where the fish can be intoxicated very easily. Bioavailability, distribution, toxic action, synergistic and antagonistic effects are characteristics which can alter the fish health. Our experimental study followed the effects of lead overload in water on iron distribution, in different tissues sample Carassius gibelio Bloch fish. We performed the experiment in four different fish groups: control C; lead � Pb (administration of lead in water 0.075mg/mL of water, as Pb(NO3)2 x � H2O); lead (the same dose) and 2% of freeze-dry garlic incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+garlic; lead (the same dose) and 2% chlorella incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+chlorella, for 21 consecutive days. The iron concentration was analysed with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) from gills, muscle, skin (and scales), intestine, liver, heart, brain, ovary, testicles, and kidney. The obtained data presented a significantly decrease of iron content in all tested tissue samples that demonstrated, alteration of iron homeostasis, explained by a strong antagonistic effect of lead on iron. Our experiment showed that biologic active principles from garlic and chlorella act like natural protectors, and potentiate the iron deficiency even in the case of lead overload in aquatic environment, for fish.

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Nicula, Marioara, Nicolae Pacala, Lavinia Stef, Ioan Pet, Tiberiu Iancu, Dorel Dronca, Mirela Ahmadi, Adriana Gherbon, and Bogdan Deleanu. "In vivo Experiments (Carassius gibelio Bloch) on Copper Homeostasis Alteration After Lead Intoxication and Natural Biologic-active Principles Treatments." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 8 (September 15, 2017): 1807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.8.5770.

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Minerals are involved in the most metabolic pathways and are necessary for living organisms in different concentrations. When the concentration of these biominerals is unbalanced due to different factors, the metabolic processes are disturbed and the organism tries to find recovery solutions. Cu is one mineral indispensable for living organism, also for fishes, and its concentration it could be drastically reduced by the presence of high concentration of some heavy metals � like Pb, due to antagonistic effect. Our research evaluates the Pb toxic potential on Carassius gibelio Bloch on Cu distribution in different tissues and two natural solutions for potentiation of antagonistic effect of Pb on Cu. We worked on four different fish groups: control group (C); and for three experimental groups we add 75 ppm Pb � as Pb(NO3)2 x �H2O into the water from aquarium. To potent the Pb toxicity we add into the grounded fish feed 2% lyophilized garlic to E3 group and 2% chlorella to E4 group. Every group had 30 fishes in separate aquarium, the fishes were fed every 2 times a day and had 12h alternate light and dark. After 21 days of experiment the fishes were euthanized with cloves oil and the tissue samples were collected (brain, gill, gonads, intestine, kidney, liver, striated muscle � epaxial myotomes, cardiac muscle, and skin). The samples were analytical prepared for AAS in order to determinate the Cu concentration in all tissue samples. The results presented the best protection of garlic against antagonistic effect of Pb on Cu in brain and testicles, and the lowest protection in muscle-striatal; while chlorella best protection was observed in heart muscle, brain, kidney and liver, and lowest protection in muscle-striatal.

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Sim, Siong Fong, Teck Yee Ling, Lee Nyanti, Norliza Gerunsin, Yiew Ee Wong, and Liang Ping Kho. "Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment, and Fishes of a Large Tropical Hydroelectric Dam in Sarawak, Malaysia." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8923183.

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Bakun Hydroelectric Dam in Sarawak is one of the world highest concrete rock filled dams. This paper reports the heavy metals concentrations in water, sediment, and fishes of Bakun Dam. Water and sediment samples were collected from 11 stations and 6 fish species were caught. The samples were digested with open acid digestion and the metals contents were analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and mercury analyser. The method was validated based on certified reference materials. A higher concentration of Fe and Mn was detected in downstream water with significant longitudinal variation. Cu, Zn, and Hg were present in trace amount. All elements analysed were consistently found in sediment with no risk of contamination. For fish,Hemibagrus planicepswas characterised by higher affinity for Hg accumulation. The concentrations detected in all fish species were within the permissible guideline of 0.5 mg/kg. The health risk assessment suggested thatBarbonymus schwanenfeldii,Puntioplites waandersii,Cyclocheilichthys apogon, andHemibagrus planicepswere characterised by hazard index > 1 implying possible adverse effects. The amount of fish recommended for adults and children was in the range of 500–775 g/week and 33–135 g/week, respectively.

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Iwasaki, Yuichi, Takashi Kagaya, Ken-ichi Miyamoto, and Hiroyuki Matsuda. "EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON RIVERINE BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES WITH REFERENCE TO POTENTIAL FOOD AVAILABILITY FOR DRIFT-FEEDING FISHES." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 28, no. 2 (2009): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-200.1.

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Forouhar Vajargah, Mohammad, and Aliakbar Hedayati. "Toxicity Effects of Cadmium in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Big Head Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2017-0004.

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Abstract Heavy metals can threaten ecosystem health and of food security. The purpose of percent study was evaluating the sensitivity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Big head carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) exposed to cadmium Chloride. To this end, fishes were exposed different concentrations of cadmium in range of cadmium chloride (0, 0.2, 1, 2, 6, 10 and 15 ml/l). The mortality of treatments was calculated at intervals of 24, 48, 72, 96 hours. Analysis of the data showed the 96 h LC50 of cadmium chloride for grass carp was 4.164 ml/l and for Big head carp was 5.590 ml/l. The results of this study showed that Cadmium is highly toxic for freshwater species.

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Bhattacharya, Sayan, Arpita Bera, Abhishek Dutta, and Uday Chand Ghosh. "Effects of Idol Immersion on the Water Quality Parameters of Indian Water Bodies: Environmental Health Perspectives." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 39 (October 2014): 234–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.39.234.

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India is a rich cultural country in which diverse cultural and religious festivals are organized. Idol is an image of a god which is used as an object of worship. After worshipped, these idols are immersed into water bodies. Idols are constructed by plaster of paris, clay, cloths, small iron rods, bamboo and decorated with different paints such as varnish, water colors etc. which can lead to significant alteration in the water quality after immersion. Paints which are used to colour these idols contains various heavy metals such as Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic, Zinc, Chromium and Lead. Particularly, red, blue, orange and green colours contain mercury, zinc oxide, chromium and lead, which are potent carcinogens. Two heavy metals such as Lead and Chromium also add in the water bodies through Sindoor (a traditional red colored cosmetic powder, usually worn by married women and often used in the festivals). The floating materials released through idol in the river and lake after decomposition result in eutrophication, increase in acidity and heavy metal concentration. Heavy metal pollution caused by idol immersion can damage the ecosystem as it kills fishes, damages plants, blocks the natural flow of the water, causing stagnation. The effects of idol immersion on various water bodies of India like Bhoj wetland, Budhabalanga river, Ganges river, Hussainsagar lake, Kolar river, Sarayu river, Tapi river, Chhatri lake, north and west lakes of Bangalore and Yamuna river have been observed so far. Investigations were carried out to find out the effects of immersion of idols on water quality by collecting and analyzing the water samples from the immersion sites of the rivers. The samplings were done before the immersion, on the day of immersion and after the event and several parameters like Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, Dissolved CO2, Conductivity, Salinity, Alkalinity, TDS, Total Hardness, Chlorides etc. are estimated. Most of the studies found significant changes in the water quality parameters during and after immersions. Central Pollution Control Board has formulated guidelines on the practice of idol immersion in water bodies, which should be followed for controlling pollution

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Ezraneti, Riri. "Pengaruh merkuri nitrat [Hg (NO3)2] dengan konsentrasi berbeda terhadap benih ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer Bloch): histologi insang." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 3, no. 1 (April 27, 2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v3i1.333.

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Banyaknya industri yang berkembang dewasa menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar logam berat seperti merkuri dalam perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh [Hg (NO3)2] dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap benih ikan kakap putih (L. calcarifer): histologi insang. Dalam penelitian ini, ikan dipaparkan dengan konsentrasi 3,16 x 10-2 ppm, 9,99 x 10-2 ppm, 3,16 x 10-1 ppm dan 9,97 x 10-1 ppm. Total ikan yang digunakan untuk histologi adalah 15 ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi [Hg (NO3)2] maka kerusakan pada jaringan insang ikan juga akan meningkat dan mempercepat waktu kematian ikan. Kerusakan yang terjadi yaitu hipertropi dan hiperplasia pada sel epitel insang, fuse pada lamela sekunder dan haemorhage di insang pada konsentrasi [Hg (NO3)2] yang lebih tinggi.Many industries today lead to increased levels of heavy metals such as mercury in water. This research aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of [Hg (NO3) 2] to Asean Sea Bass (L. calcarifer): Gill Histology. In this study, this fishes was treated with 3,16 x 10-2 ppm, 9,99 x 10-2 ppm, 3,16 x 10-1 ppm, and 9,97 x 10-1 ppm. Total fishes used for histological study was 15 fishes. Results of this research showed that increasing the consentrations of the [Hg(NO3)2] will also increase the damage on the stomach structure and fasten the mortality time of the fish. Damage that occurs is hypertrophy and hyperplacia on epitel cells, fuse of secundary lamellae and haemorhage on gill that were exposed to high consentration of [Hg(NO3)2].

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Rossi, L., R. Fankhauser, and N. Chèvre. "Water quality criteria for total suspended solids (TSS) in urban wet-weather discharges." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2006): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.623.

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Total suspended solids (TSS) from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and stormwater discharges represent a crucial parameter for evaluating wet-weather pollution in urban areas. In fact, the increase of TSS in water during rain events can have ecotoxic effects on aquatic organisms. Furthermore, major potentially harmful substances such as heavy metals, PAHs and organic matter are adsorbed onto TSS and later settle on sediment. Water quality criteria for TSS consequently enable the risk of wet-weather pollution to be assessed, for instance to avoid detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. The criteria proposed in this study cover the short-term impact of TSS on fish (acute quality criteria AQC), taking into account the duration of their exposure in the receiving water. The concentration-exposure duration-effect curve proposed here thus predicts “ill effects” on fish for different exposure times and TSS concentrations. The ecotoxic effects of adsorbed pollutants are also taken into account with an additional safety factor. We implement this TSS criteria in a software that allows us to estimate the number of rain events that exceed a given morbidity threshold for fishes per year.

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Ahmad, Shareef, Sandeep Shukla, Anand Mishra, Deepak Kasherwani, Veena P. Swami, and Sanjive Shukla. "Effect of cadmium chloride on general body colouration and chromatophores of stinging cat fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1758.

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Chromatophores, specialized pigment cells in poikilothermic animals, have shown great potential in their use as a cell-based biosensor in the detection of a broad range of environmental toxicants, as structure and number of chromatophores alters significantly under toxicant exposure. Skin coloration of Heteropneustes fossilis is due to melanin containing melanophores. Cadmium, the black listed and non essential heavy metal, is widely used that adversely affects vital activities of aquatic biota. H. fossilis, freshwater Indian stinging catfish, were subjected to exposure of 96 hour LC50 dose (392.92 mg/l) and 25% of 96 hour LC50 dose (98.23mg/l) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) to evaluate toxic impact of cadmium on colouration and chromatophores. A significant decrease was observed in number of chromatophores after acute (highly significant (F = 70.50; P<0.001) and sub acute (significant (F = 0.29; P<0.05) exposure along with heavy nacrotic, lytic and degenerative changes. Chromatophore gradually changed from reticulate to punctate-stellate and punctuate type as they lost their dendritic processes and aggregation of melanin towards centre. Most of the chromatophores lost their cellular entity due to degenerative changes and melanin was found dispersed in surrounding matrix. Peeling and fading of skin was the common feature in all exposure durations. Fish chromatophores may serve as better biomarkers in reference to metallic pollution and will also be helpful in accessing the health status of economically important fishes as well as worsening status of aquatic bodies.

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Ni, Xiaomin, and Yingjia Shen. "Transgenerational Effects of Hexavalent Chromium on Marine Medaka (Oryzias melastigma) Reveal Complex Transgenerational Adaptation in Offspring." Biomolecules 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020138.

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Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] pollution is one of most serious heavy metal pollutants in the coastal area and posed serious threats to marine organisms and human beings. Many studies have been conducted on its toxicological effects on living organisms from morphological to physiological aspects. However, there are few studies about the transgenerational toxicological of Cr(VI). In this study, we exposed adult marine medaka fishes with Cr(VI) and their offspring with Cr(VI) to examine transgenerational effects of Cr(VI). We found that there were mechanisms such as changing reproduction modes in males to compensate for impacts on the reproduction. There were differences and similarities between the parental effect and the environmental effect, with the former one causing more serious adverse effects on the offspring of Cr(VI)-exposed fish. It was noteworthy that there was an interaction between the parental and offspring treatment which leads to the attenuation of the parental effects on offspring when the offspring also underwent the same treatment. In addition, physiological adaptation has also been observed in fish to improve their fitness. Overall, effects of Cr(VI) on fish and their offspring were studied to pave a way to study the of mechanisms of adaptation.

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Munirah Bt Abdullah, Nor, Nur Sabiha binti Mohd Aluwi, Heekyung Park, and Norashikin Binti Ahmad Kamal. "Effect of Toxicity Concentration of Waste Lubricating Oil (Hazardous Noxious Substances) on Aquatic Life." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.11 (July 21, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11.15942.

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This lab scale study aims to investigate the effect of different concentration of waste lubricating oil on the African catfish juveniles, Clarias gariepinus. Five different concentrations of waste lubricating oil were used for 96 hours period which are 0 ml/L, 5 ml/L, 10 ml/l, 15 ml/l, and 20 ml/L. After 96 hours of experiment, tank 4 which being added with 20 mL waste lubricating oil shows the highest percentage of fish mortality (100%) followed by tank 3 (95%), and tank 2 (76%) while the lowest percentage of mortality is recorded in tank 1 (19%). The result from the toxicity test showed that the higher the concentration of waste lubricating oil, the higher the mortality rate of fish. The lethal concentration LC50 that caused 50% mortality of test fish was estimated at 8.1 ml/L. From the observation, waste lubricating oil which contains heavy metals had cause damage to renal and nervous system of fishes thus causing them to lost equilibrium and irregular vertical swimming that will finally cause death. It can be concluded that the harmful environment that will trigger death of fish will be created by indiscriminate discharge of waste oil into water bodies. Therefore, it is recommended to treat the wastewaters, sewage and industrial wastes before it is being discharged into the aquatic ecosystems to sustain the aquatic species for the future. The proper effluent treatment technology should be adopted to check the present of oil spillage in the water. The enforcement of laws and legislations related to the protection of aquatic environment must be enhance and take into considerations.

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Oladipo, Segun Olayinka, Temidayo Adeniyi, and Abass Anifowoshe. "Histological and Hepatic Enzymes Response of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias anguillaris to Pollution in Asa River, Ilorin." Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr114.

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Fish can be considered as a good organism for bio-indicator in aquatic habitats as they accumulate contaminant from the water bodies through food. Aquatic ecosystem pollutants response in fishes can lead to biochemical changes and histological alterations. This present the need in assessing ecological and public health effect of toxicity in Asa river on the selected fish samples that are commercially important in the environment. Two stations of Asa river were selected where water and fish were collected for physicochemical parameters of the water, enzymatic and histological investigations in the laboratory in April, 2019. The heavy metals of the water in Unity area of Asa river was higher than that of the standard limit and Asa reservoir. There was an increase in the ALT, AST and ALP biochemical analysis carried out on Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias anguillaris with reduction in total protein level in Unity station. The histopathology of the gills of both Clarias anguillaris and Oreochromis niloticus found in Unity station of Asa river revealed thinner and loner secondary lamella in degenerating secondary lamella and mildly distorted cartilage with epithelial lining in Clarias anguillaris. Hence, proper management of the river is necessary to restore the ecology and make the water fit for use.

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Gomes, L. C., A. R. Chippari-Gomes, T. O. Miranda, T. M. Pereira, J. Merçon, V. C. Davel, B. V. Barbosa, A. C. H. Pereira, A. Frossard, and J. P. L. Ramos. "Genotoxicity effects on Geophagus brasiliensis fish exposed to Doce River water after the environmental disaster in the city of Mariana, MG, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 4 (November 2019): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.188086.

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Abstract The Doce River basin has suffered the largest environmental accident ever occurred in Brazil with the influx of tailings from Fundão and Santarém, belonging to Samarco mining company, due to the disaster in Mariana. A spill between 50 and 60 million m3 of tailings was estimated by the company. According to Samarco, the wastewater was composed mainly of clay, silt and heavy metals like iron, copper and manganese. Thereby, the objective of the present study was evaluated the genotoxic damage in juvenile of Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy e Gaimard, 1824) exposed to Doce river water before (DRWBA – Doce River water before acident) and after (DRWAA – Doce River water after acident) the influx of tailings from the Germano and Santarém Dam disasters in Mariana, MG, Brazil. For this, 24 individuals of the species G. brasiliensis (obtained on IFES/ALEGRE fish culture) were submitted to a bioassay with three treatments and eight replicates. The treatments were: 1) Control water (water from the urban water supply system, filtered with a 0.45 µm membrane), 2) DRBA and 3) DRAA. After 96 h, these fishes were anesthetized to remove blood for evaluation of genotoxic damage (micronucleus and comet). For the bioassay, a total of 80 L of The Doce River water were collected before the influx of tailings and after the influx and then submitted to metal quantification analysis. Fish exposed to DRWBA and DRWAA treatments showed a significant increase in both the number of erythrocyte micronuclei and the DNA damage index in relation to the control fish; however, they did not present any differences between the two treatments. The results demonstrate that the DRWBA treatment was already genotoxic for the fish, mainly due to dissolved Cu concentrations in the water. The DRWAA treatment probably presented genotoxicity due to the increase in the dissolved fraction and synergistic effects of several metals found in the tailings of the Mariana accident.

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Husnah, Husnah, Chairulwan Umar, and Aroef Hukmanan Rais. "CHRONOLOGY AND CAUSE OF MASS MORTALITY EVENT ON FISH IN THE LOWER PART OF YAMAIMA RIVER, MIMIKA REGENCY, PAPUA." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 24, no. 1 (August 13, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.24.1.2018.65-73.

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Mass mortality events (MMEs) on fish tend to increase recently both for cultured and wild fish both in coastal and inland waters. The MMEs on wild fish are mostly unknown. Mass mortality events on wild fishes of Mimika estuary, Papua have been recorded since long time ago and limited information was provided due to its remote area. A rapid appraisal study of mass mortality event (MME) of wild fishes chronology and cause was conducted in Yamaima river to Tifuka Estuary, Papua Province a week after the MME in April 2016. Seven sampling sites were selected. Two activities were conducted during the field survey: interview with the local people to get information on the chronology of the MME and collecting primary data on aquatic environment quality and fish samples. The occurance of goldstripe sardine inYamaima river and Tifuka estuary were triggered by the present of strong El Nino with ONI value more than 0.5oC in the ocean and atmosphere above Equator Pasific. Water quality at MME site was similar with remaining schooling fish and Tifuka estuary sites. Concentration of heavy metals in the sediment tend to decreased along with the distance from the MME site. Mass mortality of goldstripe sardinella could relate to oxygen suffocation as a result of disorentation movement of the fish shoals inaccordance with low tide and new moon phase. The number of the death goldstripe sardinella was estimated 200,000 fish with the weight of 18 tons. To mitigate MMEs in the future, efforts should be done such as: routine early detection of El Nino pattern and its effect on salinity and water temperature raising by placing key water quality parameter buoy in the mouth river of Papua and to set net or stack of logs in the cape area of west tailing levee Yamaima river to prevent the entrapment of migrating small pelagic fish specialy in the closed water area.

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Southichak, B., K. Nakano, M. Nomura, N. Chiba, and O. Nishimura. "Pb(II) biosorption on reed biosorbent derived from wetland: effect of pretreatment on functional groups." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 10 (November 1, 2006): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.788.

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Reed biomass harvested from wetland constructed for water purification was modified into a biosorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution. The enhancement of Pb(II) adsorption by reed biosorbent depended not only on the types of reagent used for pretreatment, but also on the pH during the pretreatment process. The mechanisms, as elucidated using relational data obtained from Boehm titration, Fisher esterification and FTIR, involved the conversion of carboxylic groups into carboxylate groups, and proved the role of the carboxylate group, which occupied more than 80% in binding Pb(II). The Langmuir sorption isotherm of Pb(II) by R-NaOH-12 showed Qmax and b values of 0.082 mmol/g and 312.5 g/mmol, suggesting enough adsorption performance to reduce the concentration of Pb(II) to meet the range of WHO guidelines. The salinity of aqueous solution containing NaH2PO4 and NaNO3 promoted the adsorption of Pb(II), while NaCl and Na2SO4 suppressed the adsorption capacity of Pb(II). The adsorption mechanism of reed biosorbent provides valuable insight on the pretreatment effects and the advantages of utilizing this plant as biosorbent for Pb(II) and other heavy metals.

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Huseen, Hadeel M., and Ahmed J. Mohammed. "Heavy Metals Causing Toxicity in Fishes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1294 (September 2019): 062028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1294/6/062028.

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Mishra, Brijendra Pratap, Mohan Lal Kanojia, Sajjan Lal Verma, and Jhansi Lakshmi Lingidi. "Bioclinical stress of Rogor pesticide in the fish Amphipnous cuchia." International Journal of Clinical Trials 3, no. 3 (August 6, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20162798.

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Background: The impact of acute and sub lethal toxicity of synthetic Rogor on some biochemical and hematological parameters of a fish Amphipnous cuchia was estimated aquatic environment by various pollutants like pesticides, detergents, discharge of effluents and heavy metals induce changes in the biochemical, hematological and behavioral aspects of inhabitants. These pollutants cause serious effects on growth, biochemistry, physiology, neurochemistry and survival rate of the aquatic organism. Methods: The present research work is one such attempt to investigate the effect of organophosphorous pesticide Rogor on biochemical and hematological parameters of fish Amphipnous cuchia. The main objective of this study was to investigate the level of AST, ALT, hematocrit and TLC in fish Amphipnous cuchia exposed 24 to 96 hours to four different concentrations of Rogor pesticide.Results: Rogor toxicity resulted in a significant maximum increase (89.15%) in level of aspartate amino transferase (7.87±0.14/18.31±0.09) and alanine amino transferase (76.65%, 5.28±0.11/3.03±0.14) enzyme. Regarding to hematological parameter, significant maximum increase (77.12%) in total leukocyte count (27,400±298/15,470±286) and maximum decrease (66.07%) in hematocrit (6.20±0.04 /18.31±0.09) level was observed. Conclusions: In this study it is concluded that exposure to sublethal/lethal concentration of Rogor results in a significant alterations in different biochemical and hematological parameters and this kind of biochemical and physiological changes may directly affect the survivability of these fishes in these natural habitat.

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Shokr, Loaloa, Mohamed Hassan, and Engy Elbahy. "Heavy Metals Residues Contaminating Nile and Marine Fishes." Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2019.12543.1007.

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Rajan, M. R., S. Balasubramanian, and S. P. Raj. "Accumulation of heavy metals in sewage-grown fishes." Bioresource Technology 52, no. 1 (January 1995): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(95)00002-v.

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33

Izaguirre-Fierro, G. "Heavy Metals In Fishes From Culiacan Valley, Sinaloa, Mexico." Ciencias Marinas 18, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7773/cm.v18i3.898.

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34

Jolaoso, Anuoluwapo Omosileola, Kelechi Longinus Njoku, Modupe Olatunde Akinola, Adeola Alex Adesuyi, and Aderinola Hannah Adedokun. "Heavy metal analyses and nutritional composition of raw and smoked fishes from Ologe and Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.7.

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This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional composition and heavy metals concentration of smoked and raw edible fish species from Ologe lagoon (freshwater) and Lagos lagoon (marine). The fish species from Ologe include: Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Catfish), Monodactylus sebae (African moony), Pomadasys jubelini (Buro), Sphyraena barracuda (Great barracuda), and Pseudotolithus elongatus (Croaker), while that of Lagos lagoon include Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Catfish), Caranx hippos (Crevalle jack), Liza falcipinnis (Sicklefin mullet), Pomadasys jubelini (Buro), and Monodactylus sebae (African moony). The nutritional composition ranged in the following trend moisture (43.24 - 76.79 %) > carbohydrate (3.16 – 63.45 %) > protein (0.80 - 31.55 %) > fibre (1.07 – 2.8 %) > ash (0.81 – 1.88 %) > fat (0.40 – 1.30 %). In this study, these fishes are generally low in fats (lean fish), and fish smoking tend to reduces their nutritional composition. Heavy metals concentration trend thus Zn (2.4 – 7.75 mg/kg) > Ni (0.80 – 1.925 mg/kg) > Cr (0.20 – 0.550 mg/kg) > Pb (0.025 – 0.50 mg/kg). In all the samples, all the metals of interest were detected except cadmium which was not found in any of the samples analysed. Pb (0.025 - 0.5 mg/kg) values in the fishes were lower than the maximum standard level reported to be 0.5 mg/kg dry weight by FAO except in the raw Pomadasys jubelini where the value is 0.5mg/kg. The fresh water fishes showed higher concentration of heavy metals than marine water fishes but not statistically significant (p>0.05). Although, smoked fishes showed higher concentration of heavy metals than the raw fishes, it was only significant for zinc (p<0.05). In view of this study and the importance of fish in human diet, it is recommended that biological monitoring of fishes meant for consumption from these two water bodies be carried out regularly to ensure human safety.Keywords: Nutritional composition, heavy metals, fresh water fishes, marine water fishes, lagoons

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Mok, Jong-Soo, Kil-Bo Shim, Mi-Ra Cho, Tae-Seek Lee, and Ji-Hoe Kim. "Contents of Heavy Metals in Fishes from the Korean Coasts." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 38, no. 4 (April 30, 2009): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.4.517.

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CHI, Qiao-qiao, Guang-wei ZHU, and Alan Langdon. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes from Taihu Lake, China." Journal of Environmental Sciences 19, no. 12 (January 2007): 1500–1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60244-7.

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Oluwakemi, Oyelowo, Awobajo Funmileyi, Samuel Titilola, Sogbesan Teniola, Fayiga Adewale, and Mofolorunso Adekunle. "Condition factor, heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the muscle of fishes harvested in, and imported into Lagos, Nigeria." Aceh Journal of Animal Science 5, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.5.1.14995.

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Fish is an important part of the human diet, are at the top of the aquatic food chain with a high propensity to accumulating contaminants like heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are toxic to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between condition factor (physiologic wellbeing) of the fishes, PCBs, and heavy metal accumulation.Ten adult fish species three each of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Trachinotus teraia, Liza dumerilli, Tilapia guieensis, Pseudotolithus elongatus, Pomadasys jubelini, Polydactylus quadrifilis, Caranx hippos, Sphyreana barracuda, Arius heudoloti,were acquired at Epe Lagoon. Ten adult fish species three each of Argentina silus, Gadus chalcogrammus, Gadus morhua, Atlantic mackerel, Micropogonias undulatus, Urophycis sp., Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Oreochromis niloticus, Clupea harengus, Trachurus trachurus, imported into Lagos were purchased. The fish species’ condition factor was determined. The heavy metals were determined using AAS while PCB level was determined using GC-MS. Iron, mercury, zinc, arsenic, nickel and copper levels correlated positively with the condition factor in the local fishes while in the imported fishes, cadmium, iron, zinc, nickel, copper and lead levels correlated positively to the condition factor. The levels of PCBs in both the local and imported fishes were non-detectable. It is concluded that the lead, copper, arsenic, zinc, mercury and cadmium in both the imported and local fishes were within permissible limits compared with the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limits. The positive correlation of some heavy metals to the fishes’ condition factor infers that these metals might be altering physiologic activities in the fishes. Keywords: Condition factor; Heavy metals; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Fish

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Ibanga, Itoro J., Eno A. Moses, E. J. Edet, and Anietie E. Moses. "Microbial and some heavy metals analysis of smoked fishes sold in urban and rural markets in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Calabar Journal of Health Sciences 3 (February 6, 2020): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_15_2019.

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Objective: The unhygienic nature of our local markets, including fish handlers, may contribute to the presence of microorganisms in smoked fish leading to food poisoning. Furthermore, heavy metals can find their way into the food chain through fish raising public health concerns. This study assessed the microbial load and some heavy metals in smoked fishes (bongafish and catfish) sold in urban and rural markets in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Standard microbiological techniques and analytical procedures were used for microbial and heavy metals analyses, respectively. Results: The results revealed that all the smoked fish obtained from the two markets were contaminated with heavy metals and microorganisms. Zinc was the most frequently detected heavy metal in both fish types (catfish: 15.50 ± 9.99 mg/kg; and bongafish: 16.40 ± 12.28 mg/kg) obtained from urban market, while in the rural market, it was cadmium (catfish: 15.95 ± 10.15 mg/kg; and bongafish: 18.25 ± 7.15 mg/kg). The overall elemental concentrations of the heavy metals in the fishes were in decreasing order of Cadmium>Zinc>Nickel>Cobalt>Lead. The most predominant bacterial species in fishes from the urban market was Bacillus subtilis (7.5 × 104 ± 0.871 colony- forming unit/g) while Candida tropicalis (9.2 × 104 ± 0.105) was the most predominant fungal species. More bacteria and fungi were encountered in fishes from the rural market than from the urban market. The differences in the microbial loads from the two markets were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There is a potential health risk of eating smoked fishes that are poorly stored or handled in the market as a result of heavy metal contamination and the presence of the pathogenic organism. Therefore, maintenance and enforcement of adequate sanitation practices in these markets should be encouraged to avert unpleasant health consequences.

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SWAIN, PUSPANITA, and BASANT KUMAR CHOUDHURY. "Candidostatic Effect of Heavy Metals." Biocontrol Science 3, no. 1 (1998): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4265/bio.3.39.

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Yan, Ya Meng, Ming Sheng Yang, and Liang Chen. "The Pollution Assessment on the Heavy Metal of Fish in the Huan River." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1341.

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The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was Used to Determine the Heavy Metal Cadmium(Cd), Copper(Cu), Lead(Pb) and Zinc(Zn) Content in 4 Kinds Fish from the Upstream, Midstream and Downstream in the Huan River,which were Saurogobio Dabryi, Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus, Cobitis Sinesis and Parabotia Fasciata Dabry. the Correlation of Heavy Metal was Researched. the Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metal in Fish were Investigated. the Results from Single Factor Pollution Index Implied that the Level of Cd and Pb were much Higher than the Food Hygiene Standards, Cu and Zn was also Light Polluted, the Order is：Pb >Cd> Zn> Cu. Saurogobio Dabryi and Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus are more Likely to Enrich Heavy Metals than other Fishes, and their Endurance for Heavy Metals are Stronger. it Revealed that Heavy Metals Accumulation in Roe was Higher Magnitude than Muscle. Comprehensive Pollution Index Showed that the Huan River had a Serious Heavy Metals Pollution.Edible Safety Hazard is Existed in Fishes in Huan River, which were Not Suitable for Food Directly, and the Relevant Government Departments should Pay Attention to it .

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Hamza-Chaffai, A., M. Roméo, and A. El Abed. "Heavy Metals in Different Fishes from the Middle Eastern Coast of Tunisia." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 56, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900112.

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Nair, Sunil, S. Wirth, S. Friedemann, F. Steglich, Q. Si, and A. J. Schofield. "Hall effect in heavy fermion metals." Advances in Physics 61, no. 5 (October 2012): 583–664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2012.730223.

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Tumanyan, A. F., A. P. Seliverstova, and N. A. Zaitseva. "Effect of Heavy Metals on Ecosystems." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 56, no. 3 (July 2020): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-020-01149-z.

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Stefan, Daniela Simina, Nicoleta Neacsu, Luoana Florentina Pascu, Cristina Serbanescu, and Mircea Stefan. "Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution of Snagov Lake, Romania." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.2.5422.

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Distribution of heavy metals and trace elements from anthropogenic origin in water, sediments, aquatic plants and different tissues of fish from Snagov Lake, Romania. has been investigated. The concentration of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Co and Ni, was collected from three sites of the lake, during spring time from water, sediments, Ceratophyllum demersum, Phragmites australis reed, and Scardinius Erytrophtalmus fish. The fish samples were taken from gills, muscles, scales and bones. The ecological risk index has been assesed and bio-concentration factor, (BCF), of metals in anatomical tissues of studied fishes to be used as a diagnostic tool for lake pollution Experiments have shown that Ti and Zn had the highest concentration in water, sediments, aquatic plants and fish samples. Also, the metals bio-concentration is increased in branchiae and scales, compared with muscles and bones.

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Makedonski, Lubomir, Katya Peycheva, and Mona Stancheva. "Comparison of heavy metal concentration of some marine fishes from Black and Aegean Seas." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auoc-2015-0004.

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Abstract Major part of healthy human diet consist of marine fish and seafood products. And it is not surprising that there are numerous studies based on metal accumulation in various fish species. Fish may also be used for heavy metal monitoring programs of marine environments due to their easy sampling, sample preparation and chemical analysis. Concentrations of lead, cadmium, nickel, copper, manganese, zinc, iron, chromium, total mercury and total arsenic were determined in edible part of two commercially valuable fish Greek aquaculture species European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) purchased from Bulgarian market during 2011. The concentration of metals was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The concentration of the heavy metals in examined fish species ranged as follow: Pb 0.008 - 0.013; Cd 0.0017 - 0.022; Ni 0.007 - 0.012; Cu 0.054 - 0.115; Mn 0.043 - 0.09; Zn 0.14 - 0.15; Fe 0.17 - 0.19; Cr 0.05 - 0.07; Hg 0.11 - 0.13; As 1.6 - 1.8 mg kg-1 wet weight, respectively. The concentration of the heavy metals obtained from this study is compared with the results of a Black Sea bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) caught during the same year. The concentration of metals was significantly affected by the sampling site and fish species. Difference in the heavy metal concentration between European sea bass, gilthead sea bream is observed for Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe. Although, the heavy metals in the edible parts of the investigated fish were in the permissible safety levels for human uses.

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Mensoor, Montazer, and Ali Said. "Determination of Heavy Metals in Freshwater Fishes of the Tigris River in Baghdad." Fishes 3, no. 2 (June 13, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes3020023.

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Jasim, Basim. "Impact of Certain Heavy Metals on Histology and Physiology of Fishes: Interpretative Study." Annual Research & Review in Biology 19, no. 6 (January 10, 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2017/36911.

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Kamaruzzam, B. Y., M. C. Ong, S. Z. Rina, and B. Joseph. "Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Fishes From Pahang River Estuary, Pahang, Malaysia." Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2010.157.161.

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Velusamy, A., P. Satheesh Kumar, Anirudh Ram, and S. Chinnadurai. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in commercially important marine fishes from Mumbai Harbor, India." Marine Pollution Bulletin 81, no. 1 (April 2014): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.049.

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nik, K. x inigoj-Ga ), and D. Z. Doganoc. "Contamination of Farm Animals and Fishes from Slovenia with Heavy Metals and Sulfonamides." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 64, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289910035.

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