Journal articles: 'Fishes – Embryology'

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West, J. A., J. G. Sivak, and R. D. Moccia. "Embryology of the teleost (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lens." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-093.

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Embryological studies of the teleost lens have attracted little attention. The morphology of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lens during embryonic development was investigated using light microscopy. Results indicate that in general, the embryology of the rainbow trout lens proceeds much like that which has been described for other vertebrates. However, evidence in this study indicates that both layers of the lens placode invaginate, forming a lens pit, contradicting earlier descriptions of lens development in fishes. Furthermore, a hollow lens vesicle does not appear during development, as is typically described for the mammalian lens. Most importantly, the posterior limit of the anterior epithelium is situated well beyond the equator, three-quarters of the distance from the anterior pole of the lens. As a result, the germinative and transitional zones are located more posteriorly than traditionally described. The consequence of these features and their relevance to the shape of the lens are discussed.

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Ishimaru, Yoshiro, Shinji Okada, Hiroko Naito, Toshitada Nagai, Akihito Yasuoka, Ichiro Matsumoto, and Keiko Abe. "Two families of candidate taste receptors in fishes." Mechanisms of Development 122, no. 12 (December 2005): 1310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2005.07.005.

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Ahmed, Md Borhan Uddin, Jobayda Sifat, Md Fazla Rabbi, Md Ashraful Islam, H. M. Al Kabid Rafin, and Md Kamal Uddin. "A Review on Embryonic Development of Inland Fishes of Bangladesh." Agricultural Science 2, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p1.

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The early developmental pattern of inland fishes of Bangladesh are not well studied though it has a great importance in fisheries and aquaculture sector. The embryonic study provides interesting information on further growth and health of the fish and considered as an essential component for optimization of fish seed production by natural and induced breeding. Therefore, the current review work has been undertaken to provide a detail information on embryonic development of important inland fishes of Bangladesh. Information was collected from published scientific papers, un-published Masters and PhD dissertations from universities, popular articles and other published and grey literature. Diameters of unfertilized egg of the reviewed fish species were found to be 0.5 to 1.3 mm and fertilized egg were 0.49 to 1.6 mm. Shapes of the egg were also variable from species to species. There is little information available on egg activation and egg micropyle of fish species of Bangladesh. The fertilization rate of different fishes ranged from 40.1% to 93.9%. There are different stages of early development in different species and time needs to complete the stages also vary. The timing of post hatching development by metamorphosis was found to vary based on the fish species from several days to weeks. Different factors like temperature, photoperiod, DO, seasonality and presence of chemicals in water were found to affect the early development of fish. The review included eighteen inland fishes and unearthed useful insights of their embryonic development and influence of different factors. As we expect, the outcome of the study would provide a baseline and would be very useful in conducting further research on the embryology of indigenous fishes of Bangladesh.

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Shardo, Judith D. "Comparative embryology of teleostean fishes. I. Development and staging of the american shad,Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811)." Journal of Morphology 225, no. 2 (August 1995): 125–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250202.

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Renn, Suzy C. P., and Peter L. Hurd. "Epigenetic Regulation and Environmental Sex Determination in Cichlid Fishes." Sexual Development 15, no. 1-3 (2021): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000517197.

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Studying environmental sex determination (ESD) in cichlids provides a phylogenetic and comparative approach to understand the evolution of the underlying mechanisms, their impact on the evolution of the overlying systems, and the neuroethology of life history strategies. Natural selection normally favors parents who invest equally in the development of male and female offspring, but evolution may favor deviations from this 50:50 ratio when environmental conditions produce an advantage for doing so. Many species of cichlids demonstrate ESD in response to water chemistry (temperature, pH, and oxygen concentration). The relative strengths of and the exact interactions between these factors vary between congeners, demonstrating genetic variation in sensitivity. The presence of sizable proportions of the less common sex towards the environmental extremes in most species strongly suggests the presence of some genetic sex-determining loci acting in parallel with the ESD factors. Sex determination and differentiation in these species does not seem to result in the organization of a final and irreversible sexual fate, so much as a life-long ongoing battle between competing male- and female-determining genetic and hormonal networks governed by epigenetic factors. We discuss what is and is not known about the epigenetic mechanism behind the differentiation of both gonads and sex differences in the brain. Beyond the well-studied tilapia species, the 2 best-studied dwarf cichlid systems showing ESD are the South American genus Apistogramma and the West African genus Pelvicachromis. Both species demonstrate male morphs with alternative reproductive tactics. We discuss the further neuroethology opportunities such systems provide to the study of epigenetics of alternative life history strategies and other behavioral variation.

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Edgecombe, Jonika, Lara Urban, Erica V. Todd, and Neil J. Gemmell. "Might Gene Duplication and Neofunctionalization Contribute to the Sexual Lability Observed in Fish?" Sexual Development 15, no. 1-3 (2021): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515425.

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Sex determination and differentiation varies widely across vertebrates, but is most dramatically diverse in fishes. Among fishes sex reversal and sex change are observed in 41 teleost families spanning 7 orders. These sex-changing fish perhaps highlight better than any other system that sex determination is not the narrow and fixed construct we once thought, but a plastic trait that is better viewed as a reaction norm. However, while this stunning transformation is increasingly understood, a fundamental question arises, which is why some fish species have retained this inherent plasticity in sexual fate, while others have not? Here, we explore our current understanding of sex change in fish, some of the factors that permit and constrain sex reversal, and posit that gene duplication and neofunctionalization contribute to the sexual lability observed in fish.

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Strüssmann, Carlos A., Yoji Yamamoto, Ricardo S. Hattori, Juan I. Fernandino, and Gustavo M. Somoza. "Where the Ends Meet: An Overview of Sex Determination in Atheriniform Fishes." Sexual Development 15, no. 1-3 (2021): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515191.

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Atheriniform fishes have recently emerged as attractive models for evolutionary, ecological, and molecular/physiological studies on sex determination. Many species in this group have marked temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and yet many species also have a sex determinant gene that provides a strong drive for male differentiation. Thus, in these species the 2 forms of sex determination that were once considered to be mutually exclusive, environmental (ESD) and genotypic (GSD) sex determination, can coexist at environmentally relevant conditions. Here, we review the current knowledge on sex determination in atheriniform fishes with emphasis on the molecular and physiological mechanisms of ESD and GSD, the coexistence and cross-talk between these 2 mechanisms, the possibility of extragonadal transduction of environmental information and/or extragonadal onset of sex determination, and the results of field studies applying novel tools such as otolith increment analysis and molecular markers of genetic sex developed for selected New World and Old World atheriniform species. We also discuss the existence of molecular and histological mechanisms to prevent the discrepant differentiation in parts of the gonads because of ambiguous or conflicting environmental and genetic signals and particularly the possibility that the female is the default state in these species.

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Fatma, Sana, Ravindra Kumar, Anshuman Dixit, and Rajeeb K. Swain. "Expression of two uncharacterized protein coding genes in zebrafish lateral line system." International Journal of Developmental Biology 65, no. 10-11-12 (2021): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.210066rs.

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The lateral line system is a mechanosensory organ of fish and amphibians that detects changes in water flow and is formed by the coordinated action of many signalling pathways. These signalling pathways can easily be targeted in zebrafish using pharmacological inhibitors to decipher their role in lateral line system development at cellular and molecular level. We have identified two uncharacterized proteins, whose mRNA are expressed in the lateral line system of zebrafish. One of these proteins, uncharacterized protein LOC564095 precursor, is conserved across vertebrates and its mRNA is expressed in posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP). The other uncharacterized protein, LOC100536887, is present only in the teleost fishes and its mRNA is expressed in neuromasts. We show that inhibition of retinoic acid (RA) signalling reduces the expression of both of these uncharacterized genes. It is reported that inhibition of RA signalling during gastrulation starting at 7 hours post fertilization (hpf) abrogates pLLP formation, and inhibition of RA signalling at 10 hpf delays the initiation of pLLP migration. Here, we show that inhibition of RA signalling before and during segmentation (9-16 hpf) results in delayed initiation and reduced speed of pLLP migration, as well as inhibition of posterior neuromasts formation.

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Diogo, Rui. "Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles of bony fish and tetrapods: a new insight." Animal Biology 58, no. 2 (2008): 123–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075608x328017.

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AbstractThe Osteichthyes, including bony fishes and tetrapods, is a highly speciose group of vertebrates, comprising more than 42000 living species. The anatomy of osteichthyans has been the subject of numerous comparative studies, but these mainly concern osteological structures; much less attention has been paid to muscles. In fact, the most detailed and comprehensive myological comparative analyses that were actually based on a direct observation of representatives of various major osteichthyan groups were provided various decades by authors such as Luther, Kesteven and principally Edgeworth. The present work provides an updated discussion of the homologies and evolution of the osteichthyan mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles, based on the author's own analyses and on a survey of the literature, both old and recent. The risks of discussing muscle homologies on the basis of a single line of evidence, even when it concerns innervation or development, is emphasized. It is stressed than only by taking into consideration various lines of evidence (e.g. developmental biology, comparative anatomy, functional morphology, paleontology, molecular biology, experimental embryology, innervation and/or phylogeny) it is possible to establish well-grounded hypotheses of muscle homology.

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Sasagawa, Ichiro, and Mikio Ishiyama. "The structure and development of the collar enameloid in two teleost fishes, Halichoeres poecilopterus and Pagrus major." Anatomy and Embryology 178, no. 6 (September 1988): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00305037.

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Casas, Laura, and Fran Saborido-Rey. "Environmental Cues and Mechanisms Underpinning Sex Change in Fish." Sexual Development 15, no. 1-3 (2021): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515274.

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Fishes are the only vertebrates that undergo sex change during their lifetime, but even within this group, a unique reproductive strategy is displayed by only 1.5% of the teleosts. This lability in alternating sexual fate is the result of the simultaneous suppression and activation of opposing male and female networks. Here, we provide a brief review summarizing recent advances in our understanding of the environmental cues that trigger sex change and their perception, integration, and translation into molecular cascades that convert the sex of an individual. We particularly focus on molecular events underpinning the complex behavioral and morphological transformation involved in sex change, dissecting the main molecular players and regulatory networks that shape the transformation of one sex into the opposite. We show that histological changes and molecular pathways governing gonadal reorganization are better described than the neuroendocrine basis of sex change and that, despite important advances, information is lacking for the majority of hermaphrodite species. We highlight significant gaps in our knowledge of how sex change takes place and suggest future research directions.

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Imarazene, Boudjema, Séverine Beille, Elodie Jouanno, Adéle Branthonne, Violette Thermes, Manon Thomas, Amaury Herpin, Sylvie Rétaux, and Yann Guiguen. "Primordial Germ Cell Migration and Histological and Molecular Characterization of Gonadal Differentiation in Pachón Cavefish Astyanax mexicanus." Sexual Development 14, no. 1-6 (2020): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513378.

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The genetic regulatory network governing vertebrate gonadal differentiation appears less conserved than previously thought. Here, we investigated the gonadal development of Astyanax mexicanus Pachón cavefish by looking at primordial germ cells (PGCs) migration and proliferation, gonad histology, and gene expression patterns. We showed that PGCs are first detected at the 80% epiboly stage and then reach the gonadal primordium at 1 day post-fertilization (dpf). However, in contrast to the generally described absence of PGCs proliferation during their migration phase, PGCs number in cavefish doubles between early neurula and 8–9 somites stages. Combining both gonadal histology and vasa (germ cell marker) expression patterns, we observed that ovarian and testicular differentiation occurs around 65 dpf in females and 90 dpf in males, respectively, with an important inter-individual variability. The expression patterns of dmrt1, gsdf, and amh revealed a conserved predominant male expression during cavefish gonadal development, but none of the ovarian differentiation genes, i. e., foxl2a, cyp19a1a, and wnt4b displayed an early sexually dimorphic expression, and surprisingly all these genes exhibited predominant expression in adult testes. Altogether, our results lay the foundation for further research on sex determination and differentiation in A. mexicanus and contribute to the emerging picture that the vertebrate sex differentiation downstream regulatory network is less conserved than previously thought, at least in teleost fishes.

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Webster, Kaitlyn A., Katrin Henke, Delaney M. Ingalls, Adeeba Nahrin, Matthew P. Harris, and Kellee R. Siegfried. "Cyclin-dependent kinase 21 is a novel regulator of proliferation and meiosis in the male germline of zebrafish." Reproduction 157, no. 4 (April 2019): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-18-0386.

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Germ cell differentiation and maintenance relies on complex regulation of mitotic and meiotic progression. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their activating cyclin partners are known to have specialized roles in regulating cell cycle progression across tissues, including germ cells. Very little is known about CDK/cyclin function in zebrafish or the regulation of germ cell maintenance and differentiation. In a forward genetic screen for gonadogenesis defects in zebrafish, a mutation disrupting cdk21 (cyclin-dependent kinase 21) was identified, which caused gonad hypoplasia, reduced fertility and failure of female sex specification. The cdk21 gene is unique to fishes, though the encoded protein is related to the D-cyclin partners Cdk4 and Cdk6, which are known G1 cell cycle regulators. In the testis, cdk21 mutant germ cells exhibited cell cycle defects such as diminished proliferation, prolonged meiosis and delayed sperm differentiation. Furthermore, cdk21 mutants failed to maintain germ cells following breeding. Based on these findings, we propose that cdk21 regulates spermatogonial proliferation, progression through meiosis and germline stem cell activation in the testis. In addition, we investigated cdk4 and cdk6 in zebrafish development and found that each has distinct expression patterns in the gonads. Mutant analysis demonstrated that cdk6 was necessary for viability beyond larval stages. In contrast, cdk4 mutants were viable but were all male with low breeding success and sperm overabundance. Our analysis demonstrated that zebrafish harbor three genes of the cdk4/6 family, cdk4, cdk6 and cdk21, with cdk21 having an essential role in germ cell development in the testis.

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Mank, Judith E. "ZoologyReproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Fishes (Agnathans and Bony Fishes): Sperm Competition, Hormones, Sexual Selection, Reproductive Modes, Fertilization, Sex Determination, Parental Care, Conservation, Cryopreservation, Embryology, Genetics. Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny, Volume 8B. Edited by Barrie G. M.Jamieson. Enfield (New Hampshire): Science Publishers. $139.50. xii 540 p.; ill.; index. 9781578085811 (Volume 8B); 9781578082711 (series). 2009." Quarterly Review of Biology 85, no. 2 (June 2010): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/652354.

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Aliyah, Afifatul Aliyah, and Sigid Edy Purwanto. "Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Powtoon Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika pada Materi Perkalian Siswa Kelas II Sekolah Dasar." Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya 8, no. 3 (August 19, 2022): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v8i3.946.

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The purpose of this study was to find out whether the use of Powtoon learning media affects the outcome of mathematics learning in elementary school multiplication materials. This study used a quantitative experiment method with a pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control design. The sample for this study was 40 students divided into Class II-A as an experimental class with 20 students and Class II-B as a control class with 20 students. In processing the data, researcher tested the analytical requirements, which consisted of a normality test using the Liliefors test with normal distribution results, and a homogeneity test for pre-test and post-test data using the Fishers test with homogeneous data results. The result of the hypothesis test using the t-test is tcount> ttable (30,098> 2,0930). From the result, it can be concluded that there is an effect of Powtoon learning media on mathematics learning outcomes in elementary school multiplication materials. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini ialah menganalisis apakah terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media pembalajaran Powtoon pada hasil belajar matematika khususnya untuk materi perkalian sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kuantitatif menggunakan desain Pretest-Posttest nonequivalent control grup. Kemudian, sampel yang digunakan ada 40 siswa yang terbagi menjadi kelas eksperimen yakni kelas II-A sejumlah 20 anak dan kelas kontrol (kelas II-B) sejumlah 20 anak. Data diolah dengan melakukan uji persyaratan analisis, yakni uji normalitas dengan uji liliefors dengan hasil berdistribusi normal dan uji homogenitas data pretest dan post tes menggunakan uji fisher dengan hasil data homogen. Hasil pengujian untuk hipotesis dengan menerapkan uji-t dengan hasil thitung > ttabel (30,098 > 2,0930). Mengacu pada hasil yang diperoleh, disimpulkan bahwa ditemukan pengaruh media pembelajar powtoon pada hasil belajar matematika untuk materi perkalian siswa sekolah dasar.

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Kim, Hae-yoong, Jeong-hui Kim, Seo-young Won, Ho-ryong Yoo, In-chan Seol, and Yoon-sik Kim. "A Case Report: Korean Medicine Treatment for Miller-Fisher Syndrome with Ophthalmoplegia." Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 43, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2022.43.4.761.

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The purpose of this case report was to document the efficacy of Korean medicine as a treatment for Ophthalmoplegia of Miller-Fisher Syndrome. A 57-year-old male patient was treated with acupuncture, electropuncture, pharmacopuncture, and cupping treatments for 2 months. Symptom changes were evaluated using the Scott and Kraft score, photographs of eyeball movement, and the Yanagihara score. Korean medicine treatment significantly improved the eye movements, ncreased the Scott and Kraft score from -4 to 0, and improved the Yanagihara score from 20 to 32. Korean medicine treatment could effectively and quickly treat Ophthalmoplegia of Miller-Fisher Syndrome.

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Fishelson, L. "Ontogenesis of cytological structures around the yolk sac during embryologic and early larval development of some cichlid fishes." Journal of Fish Biology 47, no. 3 (September 1995): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01916.x.

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Ariandi, Muhamad, and Muhammad Dwiki Ariyadi. "Penerapan Algoritma Fisher Yates Shuffle pada Game Edukasi Pembelajaran Untuk Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD)." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 6, no. 4 (October 25, 2022): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v6i4.4683.

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Games can be used as educational tools, helping students learn about a particular subject or concept. Just like playing learning educational games for Early Childhood Education (PAUD), it can be a way to learn. In learning activities such as letters, numbers, colors, names of animals, plants, and so on, they still use conventional learning media, so they are less effective in implementing learning, where currently children interact more with smartphones than books, this can This causes parents whose children are still in elementary school, such as reading, counting, writing using books that are less attractive, which can cause children to be lazy to study, and less attractive to children in learning. From that problem, the author is interested in making educational game applications by utilizing smartphone media. And the application of this learning educational game was made by utilizing the Fisher Yates Shuffle Algorithm, by randomizing the questions in this application. Based on the test results, the implementation of the Fisher Yates Shuffle Algorithm for question randomization in the early childhood education learning educational game application (PAUD) went well, was in demand by PAUD children and there were no repeated questions that made PAUD children happier in study.

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Ardian, Alifia Reihana, and Onny Fitriana Sitorus. "Pengaruh Learning Cycle Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Tema Kayanya Negeriku pada Siswa Kelas IV di Sekolah Dasar." Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya 8, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v8i3.880.

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This exploration applies quantitative exploratory strategies, the center is to see that there is no impact of the Learning Cycle on friendly examinations learning results. This review applies semi exploratory strategies whose subjects are trial and control classes. The example is class IV A 30 understudies and class B 30 understudies, so the populace is 60 understudies. This analysis test takes the form of a normality test (Liliefor test) and a homogeneity test (Fisher test). The final result of the t-test is thitung = 3,23>ttabel = 2,00 then H0 is rejected while H1 is accepted. Thus, it implies that there is an influence of the learning cycle on social studies learning outcomes. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kuantitatif eksperimen. Tujuannya untuk melihat ada tidaknya pengaruh learning cycle terhadap hasil belajar IPS. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan metode quasi eksperimen yang subjeknya kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Sampelnya kelas IV A 30 siswa dan kelas B 30 siswa, sehingga populasinya 60 siswa. Pengujian analisis ini berbentuk uji normalitas (uji Liliefors) dan uji homogenitas (uji Fisher). Hasil akhir uji-t yakni thitung = 3,23 > ttabel = 2,00, maka H0 ditolak sementara H1 diterima. Dengan ini, memiliki implikasi bahwa ada pengaruh Learning Cycle terhadap hasil belajar IPS.

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Kusumawardani, Nabila Rizqika, and Ika Yatri. "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inquiry terhadap Prestasi Belajar IPS Tema Kayanya Negeriku pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Jatinegara Kaum 14 Jakarta Timur." Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya 8, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v8i3.889.

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This research is a study on how to teach teachers to apply critical thinking students. The goal is to find out whether there is an Influence of the Inquiry Learning Model on Social Studies Learning Achievement with the theme of Kayanya Negeriku on grade IV students of SDN Jatinegara Kaum 14 East Jakarta. The method used is quasi-experimental design, the sample is class IV A 30 students and class B 30 students, so the population is 60 students. This study used the Posttest Only Control Group Design technique. This analysis test is in the form of a normality test (Liliefors test) and a homogeneity test (Fisher test). The final result of the t-test is thitung = 3.41 > ttabel = 2.0021, then H0 is rejected while H1 is accepted. With this, it has an implication that there is an Influence of inquiry learning models on social studies learning achievement with the theme of Kayanya Negeriku on grade IV students of SDN Jatinegara Kaum 14 East Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mengenai cara mengajar guru untuk menerapkan siswa berpikir kritis. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inquiry Terhadap Prestasi Belajar IPS tema Kayanya Negeriku pada siswa kelas IV SDN Jatinegara Kaum 14 Jakarta Timur. Metode yang digunakan merupakan quasi experiment design, sampelnya yaitu kelas IV A 30 siswa dan kelas B 30 siswa, sehingga populasinya 60 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Posttest Only Control Group Design. Pengujian analisis ini berbentuk uji normalitas (uji Liliefors) dan uji homogenitas (uji Fisher). Hasil akhir uji-t yakni thitung = 3,41 > ttabel = 2,0021, maka H0 ditolak sementara H1 diterima. Dengan ini, memiliki implikasi bahwa ada Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inquiry Terhadap Prestasi Belajar IPS tema Kayanya Negeriku pada siswa kelas IV SDN Jatinegara Kaum 14 Jakarta Timur.

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Rodrigues Filho, Francisco José, and Michelly Cristiny Pereira. "O perfil das tecnologias em saúde incorporadas no SUS de 2012 a 2019: quem são os principais demandantes?" Saúde em Debate 45, no. 130 (September 2021): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202113011.

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RESUMO As tecnologias em saúde têm revolucionado a assistência médica e a gestão em saúde. A Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no SUS (Conitec) é o órgão do Ministério da Saúde que assessora na incorporação, exclusão ou alteração de novas tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O presente estudo objetivou descrever o perfil das tecnologias incorporadas no SUS de 1 de janeiro de 2012 a 30 de setembro de 2019. Os dados foram coletados no site da Conitec. Na análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultados demonstram que foram incorporadas 380 tecnologias, prevalecendo os medicamentos (46,6%). Em relação aos demandantes, os de origem interna superaram os demais (82,4%), principalmente secretarias do Ministério da Saúde (p<0,001). As Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias (DIPs) foram as mais beneficiadas (20,3%), com destaque para o HIV (Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana). A maioria das tecnologias incorporadas passou por consulta pública (p<0,001). Conclui-se que o perfil das tecnologias incorporadas são principalmente medicamentos, por demanda interna, com indicação para DIPs e, sobretudo para o HIV. Os medicamentos continuam sendo o foco das solicitações e as demandas internas passaram a ter mais espaço nesse cenário.

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Lu, C. C., R. L. Mull, E. A. Lochry, and M. S. Christian. "Developmental variation of the diaphragm and liver in fischer 344 rats." Teratology 37, no. 6 (June 1988): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420370606.

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Phillips, Robert J., Elizabeth J. Kieffer, and Terry L. Powley. "Loss of glia and neurons in the myenteric plexus of the aged Fischer�344 rat." Anatomy and Embryology 209, no. 1 (October 12, 2004): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-004-0426-x.

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Tjokroprawiro, Brahmana Askandar, Eko Santoso, and Ni Nyoman Ratih Pradnyani. "Characteristics of granulosa cell tumor at Dr. Soetomo general hospital from 2014 to 2019." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.121.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate tumor characteristics, treatment, recurrence, and prognosis in both Granulosa Cell Tumor types.A retrospective review study of 38 patients in a single institute; We identified patients with GCTs diagnosed between 2014 and 2019 in the Regional General Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Surgical outcome, pathological findings and follow-up data were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using Fisher exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared with the log-rank test. The prevalence of AGCT subtypes as the most common type occurring in 97% of cases. The median age at diagnosis among patients with AGCT is 47.5 years (range 41-59), and most women are premenopausal and multiparous. In our literature review Stage 1 disease is 76% with Overall Survival (OS) for 5years is 89.7%. FIGO stage and adjuvant therapy was not shown a positive correlation with recurrency (p >0.05). Rate of recurrence in AGCT is reported to be as high as 5.26%.GCT is a rare low malignant tumor, majority of patients present with early-stage disease and generally have a favorable prognosis. Stage is not considered as the most important prognostic factor. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is debatable as it was not shown to reduce recurrence rates. Long-term surveillance including routine clinical follow-up and tumor markers serial evaluation is mandatory to evaluate recurrency.

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Jain, Pragati, Monika Aggarwal, Meenu V. Ahuja, and Surbhi Gupta. "Umbilical cord coiling index as a marker of perinatal outcome." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.068.

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The umbilical cord is very important for the well-being and survival of the fetus, however this is susceptible to compressions, kinking, traction and torsion which may influence the perinatal outcome and an abnormal umbilical coiling index has been related to adverse fetal and pregnancy outcomes. To determine the umbilical cord coiling index (UCI) and compare its association with perinatal outcome in normal and complicated pregnancies.It was a prospective observational study done on 200 patients at term (after 37 weeks) pregnancy, delivered either vaginally or by cesarean section. The umbilical cord coiling index was calculated. The mean coiling index of our study was 0.256+0.07 per cm. The outcomes measured were maternal age, parity, body mass index, hypertension in pregnancy, diabetes in pregnancy, amniotic fluid index, meconium staining of liquor, neonatal birth weight, Apgar score at birth, ponderal index, NICU admission. The coils were then divided into three categories on the basis of UCI and their association with the maternal and fetal outcomes were analyzed. Hypocoiled cords were those having UCI less than 10th centile, and hypercoiled cords those having UCI more than 90th centile. Statistical analysis was done by chi square test, Fishers exact test and the t test where applicable. Hypocoiled cords (UCI <10th centile) were associated with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), diabetes mellitus, meconium staining of liquor, low Apgar score, growth restricted fetus and NICU admission. Hypercoiled cords were associated with liquor abnormalities and low ponderal index. Abnormal umbilical cord coiling index was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.

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Phillips, Robert J., Brie S. Rhodes, and Terry L. Powley. "Effects of age on sympathetic innervation of the myenteric plexus and gastrointestinal smooth muscle of Fischer 344 rats." Anatomy and Embryology 211, no. 6 (September 21, 2006): 673–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-006-0123-z.

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Gureev, Ivan I. "Instrumental and Methodological Support for the Diagnostics of Nutritional Requirements of Plants." Engineering Technologies and Systems 32, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 504–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.504-519.

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Introduction. Mineral fertilizers essential for intensive crop production technologies are an expensive and environmentally unsafe resource polluting the soil and agricultural products when applied in excess. The purpose of the research is instrumental and methodological support for modern functional diagnostics of nutritional requirements of plants, which is aimed at activating the photosynthesis process. Materials and Methods. It is proposed, for identifying nutritional requirements of plants to replace numerous intermediate plastic test tubes with a mixture of permanent components (sodium chloride, chloroplast suspension and Tillmans’ paint) for the diagnostic solution variants by a separate elastic light-protective container. A homogeneous mixture in a separate container eliminates the error in the concentration of solution components, which accompanies the repeated formation of mixtures in intermediate test tubes. This made it possible to reduce a number of repeated operations of filling intermediate test tubes with pipette dispensers for each tested mixture of elements. The studies were carried out in 2021–2022 using mechanical pipette dispensers Lenpipet Thermo Fisher Scientific (Finland) – 10 ml, Lenpipet Color – 100 μl and Lenpipet Color – 200 μl. Their error was determined on a VK-600 electronic balance. Results. The use of innovation increased the reliability of diagnostic data due to a 8.6% average reduction of error in the concentration of components in the mixture solution. In addition, the time spent on performing diagnostics decreased by 1.7 times that, under the conditions of a limited lifetime of chloroplasts, had a favorable effect on obtaining reliable data. Discussion and Conclusion. Reliable diagnostic data on nutritional requirements of plants will save fertilizer resources and improve the quality of agricultural production free from excessive nutrients.

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Ramadhani, Saphira Aulia, and Diki Rukmana. "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Picture and Picture Berbantuan Quizizz terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar." Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya 8, no. 3 (August 19, 2022): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v8i3.937.

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The use of the lecture method causes students to be less interested in learning so that student learning outcomes are low. This study aims to find out the effect of applying the Picture and Picture Learning Model assisted by Quizizz on the acquisition of science learning outcomes for fourth grade elementary school students on animal life cycle material. This study applies a quantitative experimental method using a Pretest-Posttest Control Group research design with 20 multiple choice questions as research instruments. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistics, normality test with Liliefors test, homogeneity test with Fisher's test, hypothesis testing with t-test, and test effect size. The results of hypothesis testing show that tcount > ttable (4.5233 > 2.0452), then H1 is accepted. It can be concluded that there is an influence from the use of the Picture and Picture Learning Model assisted by Quizizz on the science learning outcomes of fourth grade elementary school students. Penggunaan metode ceramah menyebabkan siswa kurang tertarik pada saat berlangsungnya pembelajaran sehingga hasil belajar siswa menjadi rendah. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mencari tahu pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran picture and picture berbantuan Quizizz terhadap perolehan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD pada materi siklus hidup hewan. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kuantitatif eksperimen menggunakan desain penelitian pretest-posttest control group dengan 20 butir soal pilihan ganda sebagai instrumen penelitian. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji normalitas dengan uji liliefors, uji homogenitas dengan uji fisher, uji hipotesis dengan uji-t, dan uji effect size. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa thitung > ttabel (4,5233 > 2,0452), maka H1 diterima. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari penggunaan model pembelajaran picture and picture berbantuan Quizizz pada hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD.

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John, Lopamudra B., Lingampalli Naga Saketha, and Setu Rathod. "Risk factors, clinical presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy in a rural tertiary care centre- An observational study." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.064.

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: Ectopic pregnancy is a challenging and life-threatening emergency, which can cause significant maternal morbidity and mortality. The present study aims at determining the risk factors, clinical features at presentation, diagnostic tools, management modalities and outcome of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care teaching hospital.: This was an observational study of 90 cases of ectopic pregnancies admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a tertiary care teaching hospital from February 2019 to August 2020. Relevant data of the 90 patients was tabulated and descriptive analysis was done. : Chi square and Fischer exact test: Majority of the patients belonged to 21-30 yrs age group. Maximum number of cases (57%) had a history of previous abdomino pelvic surgery. The predominant symptom was amenorrhea (96.6%) and classical triad of amenorrhea, bleeding per vagina and abdominal pain was seen in 30% of the study population. Majority of the patients i.e 76.7% underwent surgical intervention.: Most common age group at presentation is 21-30years. History of previous abdominal surgery being the most important risk factor whereas amenorrhea was the most common symptom. Surgical intervention was the main mode of management in ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

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John, Lopamudra B., Takkellapati Aanandini, and Setu Rathod. "Antenatal umbilical cord coiling index as a predictor of pregnancy outcome." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.078.

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: Fetal compromise as a major contributor to neonatal morbidity is of great concern for obstetricians. Antenatal risk assessment profiles are often insufficient in picking up these cases and hence need to be improved. Antenatal Umbilical cord Coiling Index (AUCI) is one such potential predictor which helps in identifying pregnant women who need close antepartum and intrapartum monitoring. It is determined by ultrasonogram antenatally and noted to be fixed throughout the pregnancy. This study aims at determining the association between AUCI and pregnancy outcome.: This was a hospital based prospective analytical study conducted in a tertiary care centre in Pondicherry from January 2019 to May 2020. 207 pregnant women were included in the study and Colour doppler was performed and AUCI was noted. Participants were followed until delivery and pregnancy outcomes were noted.: Chi square and Fischer exact test: In the present study, among 207 subjects, 166 had normal AUCI i.e., 0.41 to 0.61. Hypocoiling was noted in 20 (< 0.41) and hypercoiling in 21(>0.61) subjects. Hypocoiling was associated with hypertension and oligohydramnios in10% cases each. Nonreasssuring fetal (NRFHR) heart rate, meconium stained liquor and low APGAR values were present in 15, 20 and 10% cases respectively. Hypercoiling was associated with diabetes (10%), hypertension (5%), oligohydramnios (10%), polyhydramnios (5%), NRFHR (10%) and meconium stained liquor (5%). However, there was no statistical significance among the above mentioned parameters.

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Narotsky, Michael G., Cecil F. Brownie, and Robert J. Kavlock. "Critical period of carbon tetrachloride-induced pregnancy loss in Fischer-344 rats, with insights into the detection of resorption sites by ammonium sulfide staining." Teratology 56, no. 4 (October 1997): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9926(199710)56:4<252::aid-tera4>3.0.co;2-0.

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Hannemann. "Jacobs, W.† und Seidel, F.: Systematische Zoologie: Insekten (Systematik - Morphologie - Anatomie - Embryologie). 337 S., 638 Abb., L 8 S, Br., 16,50 M. Veb Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena 1975." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 23, no. 4-5 (April 23, 2008): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19760230417.

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Scholtz, Gerhard. "A cookbook for experimental embryology Fischer, Albrecht (ed.): The Helgoland Manual of Animal Development-Notes and Laboratory Protocols on Marine Invertebrates. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München (2013). ISBN 978-3-89937-161-1, paperback, 38€." Evolution & Development 16, no. 5 (August 14, 2014): 320–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ede.12095.

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Ayyubova, N. S. "Econometric analysis and modeling of the dynamics of the balance of payments’ development in Azerbaijan." Statistics and Economics 19, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2022-2-14-22.

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Purpose of the study. The study is devoted to econometric analysis and modeling of the dynamics of the balance of payments’ development of Azerbaijan, the formation of a mathematical and statistical trend that can give a perspective assessment of the development of the balance of payments. In accordance with the goal, the tasks of choosing the best composition of explanatory factors for the model were set, using the characteristics and criteria of correlation and regression analysis, econometric tests, calculating estimates of the nature and closeness of the relationship between the explanatory factors, dependent and independent factors, testing the stationarity of the series.Materials and methods. The official statistical data of the State Statistics Committee and the Central Bank of Azerbaijan, scientific works and studies of scientists, specialists, both Azerbaijani and foreign, in the fields of economics, mathematical and economic modeling were used. For the empirical analysis of non-stationary time series, statistical methods of information processing are used inthe work; to check the adequacy and test the multivariate model, the appropriate criteria and modern econometric procedures are used, taking into account the impact of exogenous factors. For calculations, application packages such as Excel and Eviews 8 were used.Results. A multivariate regression model has been created that makes it possible to conduct an economic and statistical analysis of the dynamics of the current account of the balance of payments; the form and directions of the functional relationship between dependent and independent variables were determined, variability of variables was estimated, the results of multivariate regression analysis using econometric methods were analyzed; the quantitative characteristics of the mechanisms of influence of explanatory factors on the balance of payments were measured and interpreted; correlation dependencies for causal dependencies were investigated in the model, the Granger test was performed and factors were identified that reliably explain the outcome with high probabilities based on the Fisher criterion; the stationarity of the model was measured based on the Dickey-Fuller test. With differences of the first and second degree, the stationarity of the autoregressive model was determined based on the Student’s criterion by changing the lag value. In the process of modeling, the initially constructed model, covering the years 1995-2017 with five factors such as foreign investment, exports, imports, manat exchange rate, general investments, showed insufficient adequacy, that is, non-stationarity of the current account series of the balance of payments. The exchange rate of the national currency, which is involved in the model as an explanatory factor, subjected the values of the dependent series to large fluctuations, an increase in the variance in the residue, which created non-stationarity and which can be explained by the denomination of the national currency in 2006. In the next step, the period covering 2006-2017 was examined. In addition, in the process of research, independent factors were added to the model, such as state budget deficit and foreign exchange reserves. As a result, a multifactorial econometric model was created. Conclusion. The constructed autoregressive model is quite adequate, demonstrates stationarity for the time series of the dependent variable and can be considered suitable for predictive values of the current account of the balance of payments. To develop specific recommendations for the long-term development of the balance of payments, the results of the study, substantiated by the analysis of the dynamics of the development of the balance of payments, make it possible to identify real trends in the balance of payments of Azerbaijan on the current account and determine its interdependence with other macroeconomic variables.

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Francisco, Nicole R., Christen M. Raymond, and Paul D. Heideman. "Short photoperiod inhibition of growth in body mass and reproduction in ACI, BUF, and PVG inbred rats." Reproduction 128, no. 6 (December 2004): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00390.

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Laboratory rats have been generally considered non-photoresponsive, but strains of laboratory rats have been found to be variable for this trait. Young males of both the Fischer (F344) and Brown Norway strains (BN) suppress reproductive development, food intake and body mass in short winter photoperiod (short days (SD); 8 h light:16 h darkness), and food restriction interacts with SD to enhance the effect of SD alone. Conversely, young male Harlan Sprague Dawley outbred rats, along with other outbred laboratory rats tested, have little or no response to SD except when unmasked by food restriction or other treatments, and have generally been considered nonphotoperiodic. In order to assess how widespread this trait might be among rat strains, and to test for uncoupling of reproductive and nonreproductive responses, we tested 3 additional inbred strains, including ACI, PVG and BUF rats, for photoresponsiveness and for unmasking of photoperiodic responses by food restriction. Young males of all three inbred strains exhibited photoresponsiveness in testis mass (5–20% lower in SD), seminal vesicle mass (20–50% lower in SD), and body mass (5–10% lower in SD). Food restriction also suppressed reproduction, but there was little or no interaction with the effects of photoperiod. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that laboratory rats are genetically variable for photoperiodism, and that photoresponsiveness may be widespread among inbred rat strains, as all five inbred strains tested have shown photoperiodic responses. The results are particularly important because standard research protocols may unknowingly manipulate this pathway in rats, causing unsuspected variability among or within studies.

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Roman, Ashley S., Simi Gupta, Nathan S. Fox, Daniel Saltzman, Chad K. Klauser, and Andrei Rebarber. "Is MSAFP Still a Useful Test for Detecting Open Neural Tube Defects and Ventral Wall Defects in the Era of First-Trimester and Early Second-Trimester Fetal Anatomical Ultrasounds?" Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 37, no. 3 (July 12, 2014): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000363654.

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Introduction: To evaluate whether maternal serum α-fetoprotein (MSAFP) improves the detection rate for open neural tube defects (ONTDs) and ventral wall defects (VWD) in patients undergoing first-trimester and early second-trimester fetal anatomical survey. Material and Methods: A cohort of women undergoing screening between 2005 and 2012 was identified. All patients were offered an ultrasound at between 11 weeks and 13 weeks and 6 days of gestational age for nuchal translucency/fetal anatomy followed by an early second-trimester ultrasound at between 15 weeks and 17 weeks and 6 days of gestational age for fetal anatomy and MSAFP screening. All cases of ONTD and VWD were identified via query of billing and reporting software. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of ONTD/VWD were calculated, and groups were compared using the Fisher exact test, with p < 0.05 as significance. Results: A total of 23,790 women met the criteria for inclusion. Overall, 15 cases of ONTD and 17 cases of VWD were identified; 100% of cases were diagnosed by ultrasound prior to 18 weeks' gestation; none were diagnosed via MSAFP screening (p < 0.001). First-trimester and early second-trimester ultrasound had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for diagnosing ONTD/VWD. Discussion: Ultrasound for fetal anatomy during the first and early second trimester detected 100% of ONTD/VWD in our population. MSAFP is not useful as a screening tool for ONTD and VWD in the setting of this ultrasound screening protocol.

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Hannemann. "WOLFF, E.: Experimentelle Embryologie. Band 3 des fünfbändigen Werkes „Allgemeine Biologie”︁. XII, 192 S., 150 Abb., Format 15,4×22,9 cm. Balacron. Aus dem Französischen übersetzt von ARNIM HEYMER. Stuttgart 1971: Gustav Fischer Verlag. DM 26,-." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 19, no. 1-3 (April 23, 2008): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19720190126.

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Eberlin, L. S., C. R. Ferreira, and R. G. Cooks. "65 THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHEMICAL IMAGING OF A WHOLE PIG FETUS BY DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab65.

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Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique in mass spectrometry (MS) used for 2-dimensional (2D) imaging of drugs, metabolites and lipids directly from biological samples such as tissue sections with high chemical specificity and no need for sample preparation. From a selected representative set of 2D images it is possible to construct 3-dimensional models (3D) to illustrate the spatial distributions of specific biomolecules. Recently, the use of a dimethylformamide-based solvent system was introduced, which allows non-destructive DESI-MS analysis of tissue sections. This work describes the application of 3D DESI-MS chemical imaging capability to allow the unambiguous matching of chemical and morphological information in a whole swine fetus at the end of the embryonic phase of the gestational period. Fifty longitudinal sections (15-μm thick) spaced by an average of 160 μm from a swine fetus were used for the experiments. Tissue sections were stored under –80°C and placed in desiccator for 15 min before analysis. Mass spectra were directly acquired in the negative ion mode at the mass-to-charge (m/z) range of 150 to 1000 using 1:1 (vol/vol) acetonitrile/DMF as solvent at 1.0 μL min–1 flow rate and 300 μm of spatial resolution. The mass spectrometer used was an LTQ linear ion trap controlled by Xcalibur 2.0 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA). An in-house program allowed the conversion of mass spectra files into a format compatible with BioMap (freeware; Novartis International AG, Basel, Switzerland), used to generate 2D ion images of specific m/z values. The 2D images were processed and exported to the software 3D-Doctor (Able Software Corp., Lexington, MA, USA), on which the 3D models were built. Extensive chemical information was unambiguously matched with morphological features by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of samples after DESI-MS analysis. The lipid species detected in the mass spectra were deprotonated free fatty acids, fatty acid dimers and complex lipids represented mainly by glycerophospholipids, which were identified by tandem MS experiments. Multiple lipid species were chosen to construct 3D models, such as the ion m/z 788.7 (phophatidylserine 36:1) and the ion m/z 885.8 (phosphatidylinositol 38:4). Several structures of the swine fetus were chemically distinguished, such as the nervous system (brain and spinal cord), liver, heart and connective tissue, within others. Statistical multivariate analysis was additionally used to better individualize chemical features observed in the fetus body chemical imaging and to correlate the organs lipid profiles to their embryologic origin. Since DESI-MS 3D models allow the investigation of a variety of lipid species related to specific organs without the need of fluorescent or radioactive labelling, we expect that this approach will be used to increase the understanding and the development of strategies to avoid aberrations in organogenesis observed in fetuses generated by biotechnologies such as nuclear transfer and transgenesis. Supported by ACS IRG Purdue University Center for Cancer Research.

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Tesche, M. "W. Braune, A. Leman und H. Taubert: Pflanzenanatomisches Praktikum II. Zur Einführung in den Bau, die Fortpflanzung und Ontogenie der niederen Pflanzen (auch der Bakterien und Pilze) und die Embryologie der Spermatophyta. 3. überarb. Aufl. - 393 S., 137 Abb. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag 1990. ISBN 3-334-00301-9. DM 45,00." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 77, no. 2 (1992): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19920770223.

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"The distal nephron in the kidney of fishes, advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology, volume 108." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 92, no. 2 (January 1989): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(89)90181-3.

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Saura, Rex Bomvet, Geneveve Falcasantos, Rex Jr Andante, Luna Munda, Marycris Alimorong, and Brent Joy Hernando. "Evaluation of fluctuating asymmetry and sexual dimorphism of Channa striata using landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis from Agusan Marsh and Lake Mainit in Caraga Region, Philippines." Nusantara Bioscience 13, no. 1 (April 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n130114.

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Abstract. Saura EBD, Falcasantos GC, Andante RJM, Munda LC, Alimorong MM, Hernando BJ. 2021. Evaluation of fluctuating asymmetry and sexual dimorphism of Channa striata using landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis from Agusan Marsh and Lake Mainit in Caraga Region, Philippines. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 100-110. Evaluation was conducted to determine the impact of ecological condition to Channa striata using fluctuating asymmetry (FA) employing the landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis, using TPS software, SAGE, PAST-Hotellings Test, including Physico-chemical analysis, cyanide and four base metals. Results of Physico-chemical analysis of the two habitats showed Agusan marsh with low oxygen level (3.37-4.55) and high in Iron and TDS as compared to DENR Standards. The statistical results showed high variations (p < 0.0001) on left and right-side having percentage of 79.22% in Agusan Marsh and 72.35% in Lake Mainit which is relatively high Fluctuating Asymmetry. In terms of sex, Agusan marsh had 84.27% and 85.41% FA in males and females while Lake Mainit having 85.12% and 80.89% in males and females. The fairly similar percentage of Fluctuating Asymmetry confirms no sexual dimorphism and no shape differences between male and female, and no peculiar characters to distinguished between sexes based on the 17 landmark points. Present study concluded that FA observed in the snout tip was due to breeding behavior, the landmark points in cephalic, pectoral, and caudal region were associated with burrowing and mobility factors within the lateral line system in these fishes which thrive in high turbid habitat and low oxygen. Furthermore, it was found that the level of FA tends to increase in disturbed environs.

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Tse, Raymond. "Cleft Lip." DeckerMed Plastic Surgery, May 10, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/ps.10025.

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Cleft lip is one of the most common congenital anomalies that present to plastic surgeons. Care involves a multidisciplinary approach to address both aesthetic and functional needs. This review covers embryology, epidemiology, classification, and anatomy. It also provides a more in-depth description of treatment for unilateral, bilateral, and minor form clefts. Given the spectrum of presentation and the multiple tissue types involved, the general principles of reconstructive surgery are used as the framework for this review. This review contains 16 figures, 3 tables, and 119 references. Keywords: cheiloplasty, cleft lip, Fisher repair, microform cleft lip, Millard repair, orbicularis muscle, primary rhinoplasty, septoplasty, Tennison-Randall repair

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Anang, Asep, and Acep Irham G. "Algoritma Fisher-Yates Pada Game Edukasi Aksara Sunda Cacarakan Berbasis Android Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Untuk Anak Usia Dini." Innovation in Research of Informatics (INNOVATICS) 3, no. 2 (September 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.37058/innovatics.v3i2.4532.

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Aksara Sunda Cacarakan merupakan salah satu warisan budaya Indonesia. Pelestarian Aksara Sunda Cacarakan adalah tugas yang harus dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai salah satu cara untuk melindungi keberadaan Aksara Sunda Cacarakan, salah satunya dengan mengetahui jenis Aksara Sunda Cacarakan yang dibagi menjadi 4 bagian, seperti ngalagena, angka, swara dan rarangken. Implementasi dari Teknologi Informasi (TI) merupakan suatu keharusan untuk dilakukan sebagai inovasi untuk mendapatkan berbagai macam informasi. Upaya untuk memperkenalkan Aksara Sunda adalah dengan membuat Game Edukasi berbasis Android, Game edukasi dibangun dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan anak-anak dalam pengenalan aksara Sunda Cacarakan, maka untuk penelitian ini, dibuat sebuah Game edukasi berbasis android dengan menggunakan Algoritma Fisher yates Shuffle. Algoritma Fisher Yates adalah algoritma untuk menghasilkan permutasi acak dari himpunan terbatas, dengan kata lain untuk mengacak suatu himpunan. Algoritma Fisher yates shuffle di terapkan dalam pengacakan soal di dalam Game edukasi, Model sistem untuk mendukung penelitian ini menggunakan versi Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC), yang mengemukakan enam langkah (Initiation, Pre-Production, Production, Testing, Beta, dan Release). Penilaian tanggapan dari responden menggunakan skala Likert. Skala likert memilrata–rata rumus index yang diperoleh dari responden, aspek kegunaan sebesar 80,5%, aspek kualitas interaksi sebesar 87,5% dan aspek kualitas informasi sebesar 82%, termasuk dalam kategori sangat setuju, sehingga game dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan dan dipublikasikan.

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PİLATİN, Abdulmuttalip. "Sosyal Sermayenin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Meta-Analiz." Uluslararası Ekonomi, İşletme ve Politika Dergisi, July 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1132292.

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The aim of this study is to synthesize the studies on the effect of social capital on economic growth with the method of meta-analysis. Social capital has an impact on economic development by influencing individuals, businesses, banks and the way they do business, and thus trade. In this study, the studies carried out in the years 2007-2021 are discussed. In order to be able to interpret the quantitative findings of the studies that have dealt with this subject together, studies made on academic databases were scanned, and the findings consisting of 36 studies meeting the determined criteria and having a total of 3,458 observations were synthesized through the meta-analysis method. Research findings of 36 different studies including sample size, standard error, and effect values were analyzed with the help of CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis) program. As a result of the meta-analysis, the effect size was found to be moderate (Fisher Z=0.380). According to the results of the meta-analysis, the H1 was accepted and it was revealed that the social capital level of the countries affected the economic growth at a moderate level. Considering the lack of consensus in the studies in the literature and the difficulty of measuring social capital, it is thought that this general finding is very valuable in terms of the literature and will make an important contribution.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fishes – Embryology'

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