Journal articles: 'Fishes – Parasitic diseases – Chemotherapy'

1

OGAWA, K. "Diseases of cultured marine fishes caused by Platyhelminthes (Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda)." Parasitology 142, no. 1 (July 7, 2014): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014000808.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYMariculture is a rapidly developing industrial sector. Generally, fish are maintained in net cages with high density. Cage culture systems allow uncontrolled flow of sea water containing potentially infectious stages of fish parasites. In such culture conditions, prevention of such parasitic infections is difficult for parasites with life cycles that complete within culture sites, among which monogeneans and blood flukes are the most important platyhelminthes. Intense monogenean infections induce respiratory and osmo-regulatory dysfunctions. A variety of control measures have been developed, including freshwater bath treatment and chemotherapy. The potential to control monogenean infections through selective breeding, modified culture techniques to avoid infection, and general fish health management are discussed. It should be noted that mariculture conditions have provided some host-specific monogeneans with a chance to expand their host ranges. Blood flukes sometimes induce mass mortality among farmed fish. In-feed administration of praziquantel is the best solution to treat infected fish. Some cases are described that show how international trade in marine fish has resulted in the spread of hitherto unknown parasites into indigenous farmed and wild fish.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Scheibel, L. W., William C. Campbell, and Robert S. Rew. "Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases." Journal of Parasitology 73, no. 1 (February 1987): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282385.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Goodwin, L. G. "Chemotherapy of parasitic diseases." Parasitology Today 2, no. 7 (July 1986): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(86)90196-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bergquist, Robert. "Parasitic Diseases: Chemotherapy with a Twist." Clinical Infectious Diseases 50, no. 9 (May 2010): 1214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/651683.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Chai, Jong-Yil. "Parasitic Diseases caused by Fishes Populary Eaten Raw." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 42, no. 6 (1999): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1999.42.6.583.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Cook, G. C. "Chemotherapy of parasitic infections." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 1, no. 3 (May 1988): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-198805000-00013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Stauffer,, Jay R., Matthew E. Arnegard, Martin Cetron, James J. Sullivan, Lester A. Chitsulo, George F. Turner, Soster Chiotha, and K. R. McKaye. "Controlling Vectors and Hosts of Parasitic Diseases Using Fishes." BioScience 47, no. 1 (January 1997): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1313005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Eissa, Ismail, Maather El-lamie, Salah Aly, and Nahla Sallam. "Studies on the Prevailing Parasitic Diseases in Some Marine Fishes." Egyptian Veterinary Medical Society of Parasitology Journal (EVMSPJ) 13, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/evmspj.2017.37769.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Müller, Sylke, Graham H. Coombs, and Rolf D. Walter. "Targeting polyamines of parasitic protozoa in chemotherapy." Trends in Parasitology 17, no. 5 (May 2001): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(01)01908-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Shah, Feroz, Imtiyaz Qayoom, Masood Balkhi, and Ashwani Kumar. "Impact of Parasitic Diseases on Fishes of North West Himalayan Streams." Current World Environment 10, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.22.

Full text

Abstract:

Pathological disorders caused due to metazoan parasitic infestation were studied in the hill stream fishes of northwest Himalayan region. Host specificity was found to be one of the fundamental features of metazoan parasites which belonged to the class Cestoda, Nematoda, Trematoda and phylum Acanthocephala. The study indicates that a successful co-evolution of the host and its parasite has caused the adaptation of the later by developing evading mechanisms in order to avoid extinction. Besides this it was also observed that some parasites have even understood to benefit from the well developed antiparasitic armament in fish intestinal epithelia. Thus, parasites are exploiting the antiparasitic response mechanism of the host to optimize, host finding, invasion and survival in the host. Such interaction between host and parasites are considered phylogenetically old. Some monogeneans, cestodes, digeneans and acanthocephalans were found to resist pronounced cellular and host reactions which even improved the attachment of parasite into the host predilection site. Scanning Electron Microscopy and hitstopathological examination was conducted on parasites recovered from fishes in order to understand the host parasite interaction and the damage inflicted by parasite on hill stream fish species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Mhaisen, Furhan T., and Abdul-Razzak L. Al-Rubaie. "Checklists of Parasites of Farm Fishes of Babylon Province, Iraq." Journal of Parasitology Research 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7170534.

Full text

Abstract:

Literature reviews of all references concerning the parasitic fauna of fishes in fish farms of Babylon province, middle of Iraq, showed that a total of 92 valid parasite species are so far known from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as well as from three freshwater fish species (Carassius auratus,Liza abu, andHeteropneustes fossilis) which were found in some fish farms of the same province. The parasitic fauna included one mastigophoran, three apicomplexans, 13 ciliophorans, five myxozoans, five trematodes, 45 monogeneans, five cestodes, three nematodes, two acanthocephalans, nine arthropods, and one mollusc. The common carp was found to harbour 81 species of parasites, the grass carp 30 species, the silver carp 28 species,L. abu13 species,C. auratusone species, andH. fossilisone species. A host-parasite list for each fish species was also provided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sati, S. C. "Aquatic fungi parasitic on temperate fishes of Kumaun Himalaya, India." Mycoses 34, no. 9-10 (April 24, 2009): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1991.tb00810.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

CHIODINI, P. L. "Chemotherapy for patients with multiple parasitic infections." Parasitology 122, S1 (March 2001): S83—S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000017674.

Full text

Abstract:

Multiple parasitic infections have become increasingly recognized as a result of improvements in laboratory diagnosis and a growing population of immunocompromised individuals. This review examines the principles of chemotherapy in groupings of multiple infections which are of particular clinical significance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Zumla, A., and S. L. Croft. "Chemotherapy and immunity in opportunistic parasitic infections in AIDS." Parasitology 105, S1 (January 1992): S93—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075405.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYParasitic diseases are endemic in parts of the tropics, but there is no convincing evidence that their prevalence or incidence is increasing due to the HIV epidemic. Available scientific data on parasitic infections in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) suggests a predominance of Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp. For reasons which are unclear, parasitic infections such as Plasmodium falciparum, Strongyloides stercoralis and Entamoeba histolytica, where cell-mediated immune responses are also thought to be significant, do not appear to be opportunists of importance. It is being increasingly recognized that chemotherapy for parasitic diseases has a host-dependent component, although scientific data on this subject remain scanty. The management of opportunistic parasitic infections in patients infected with HIV is dogged by failures and relapses, aptly illustrating the notion of the relationship between chemotherapy and the immune response. This review discusses the immunity and chemotherapy of opportunistic parasite infections in patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Shrestha, S. P., P. Bajracharya, A. Rayamajhi, and S. P. Shrestha. "Study on Status of Fish Diseases in Nepal." Nepalese Veterinary Journal 36 (December 1, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nvj.v36i0.27750.

Full text

Abstract:

Fisheries play an important role in increasing the Nepalese economy as well as sustaining livelihood of some ethnic groups of our country. With the increased demand of fish, pisciculture have also increased to a great extend. Due to the rise in fish culture, there has been also rise in fish diseases. The study aims to investigate different parasitic, bacterial, fungal diseases in fish and to suggest treatment to control the diseases in four different fish farm of Nepal. A cross- sectional qualitative method was used to collect data from four selected fish farm (Kakani, Trishuli, Begnas, Mirmi) of Nepal. Infected fishes were transferred to the lab in oxygen filled plastic bags and further tested for bacterial, fungal and parasitic infection. The result of the study indicates that Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome was the most common bacterial-fungal disease that had a significant impact on common carp fish especially in Trishuli, Begnas and Mirmi. Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp was found to be a growing problem in rainbow trout farming (Kakani, Nuwakot) infecting intestine, liver, gut and skin causing yellow diarrhea and skin lesions. Trichodina was observed number one problematic parasitic in carp culture not only in government farm like Begnas and Mirmi, but also in commercial farms in most of the fishery areas of the country. Fin rot were more commonly reported during winter months affecting common carp, Silver carp, Bighead carp, Fingerling Fish causing fin erosion in them. Ascites in brood fishes (Trishuli) was noticed which may be due to bacterial infection and due to nutritional deficiency. Besides this, white spot in the gills (a protozoan parasitic disease) was perceived and to control it Neodox with Formalin (150ppm) was used and was found to be very effective. This study also identified some fish health management related problems in fish farms of Nepal such as lack of assistance, poor technical knowledge, and lack of suitable diagnostic laboratory and their proper use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Targett, G. A. T. "Chemotherapy and the immune response in parasitic infections." Parasitology 90, no. 4 (April 1985): 661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200005229x.

Full text

Abstract:

There are comparatively few studies concerned specifically with chemotherapy of parasitic infections and its relationship with the immune status of the host being treated. In one sense this is hardly surprising. The disciplines of chemotherapy and immunology have developed independently, and the search for effective drugs has for the most part been an empirical process; when a compound showing some activity has emerged the tendency has been to look for analogues with even greater parasiticidal properties rather than to consider whether effectiveness of the parent compound could be improved if the immune status of the host were different. In many cases, test systems for drug development have actually been selected to reduce as far as possible the complications f an immune response. Thus acute, fatal infections are commonly used for the screens, and questions such as the level of specific resistance at the time of treatment, immunodepression by the parasite, and increased resistance to challenge following chemotherapy are generally irrelevant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Lunaschi, Lı́a I. "Two new species of bucephalids (Digenea: Bucephalidae) parasitic in freshwater fishes of Argentina." Parasitology International 53, no. 3 (September 2004): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2004.01.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Fox, R. "Book Review: The Chemotherapy of Human Parasitic Disease." Tropical Doctor 25, no. 2 (April 1995): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559502500222.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Rameshkumar, Ganapathy, Samuthirapandian Ravichandran, and Sartaj Ahmad Allayie. "Study of the functional morphology of mouthparts of parasitic isopods of marine fishes." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 3, no. 2 (April 2013): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60056-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ćirković, Miroslav, Nikolina Novakov, Jelena Petrović, Dragana Ljubojević, Jelena Apić, Jelena Babić, and Vlado Teodorović. "FANDING OF PARASITIC NEMATODES OF FISHES PRESENT IN THE MARKET." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 6, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v6i2.149.

Full text

Abstract:

When placing the fish and fish products on the trade it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of zoonotic parasites that can lead to infection of people especially if the fish is consumed raw or undercooked. Epidemiologically the most important are helminths from the group of Nematoda. The most important are Anisaxis spp. and Eustrongylides excisus. Anisakiasis is a serious zoonotic disease with a dramatic increase in prevalence throughout the world in the last two decades. The larvae are found in marine fish species most frequently in sardines, herring and mackerel. Eustrongylidosis is a disease that occurs primarily in freshwater fish species: catfish, zander and pike, a cause is a parasite of the genus Eustrongylides of which the most important species is Eustrongylides excisus. In this paper, the nematodes that occur in fish that are present in the market in the Republic of Serbia are present. Investigations of Anisaxis spp. were carried out at the Institute of Veterinary Medicine Novi Sad in the period of 2000-2013. Total of 2414 samples of imported marine fish was inspected. In 25 (1.29 % ) samples of herrings (Clupea harengus ) and mackerels ( Scomber scombrus ) was identified Anisakis spp. Investigations of Eustrongylides spp . were carried out in the period 2010-2013 at the Danube- Tisa -Danube Canal. Samples were collected from zander (Sander lucioperca) and European catfish (Siluris glanis) in which the presence of nematodes was found in the abdominal cavity, muscles, the lumen of the stomach and gastric wall where the parasites were encapsulated. Individuals of zander were examined during the 2013 at the Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, where the presence of larvae Eustrongylides spp.u muscle was detected. In order to avoid infecting people with parasites of fish it is necessary to carry out continuous control and monitoring. Fresh fishes and traditional fish products must be inspected for the presence of parasites before they find on the trade. Continuous education is a key factor in combating zoonotic diseases. Avoid consumption of raw or poorly cooked fish is still the best preventive procedure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Feriel, Youssef, Benmansour Bouchra, Kalthoum Ben Hassine Oum, and Zouari Tlig Sabiha. "Some parasitic copepods of selected Teleost and Chondrichthyan fishes from the Tunisian gulfs." African Journal of Microbiology Research 10, no. 35 (September 21, 2016): 1467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2015.7820.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

COOMBS, G. H., S. L. CROFT, and L. H. CHAPPELL. "Preface. Antiparasite chemotherapy: is there hope for the future?" Parasitology 114, no. 7 (June 1997): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182097001248.

Full text

Abstract:

The science of chemotherapy has been built upon the seminal concepts arising from pioneering studies, notably by Paul Ehrlich, carried out nearly 100 years ago. The investigations conducted in the early decades of this century were of major significance for antiparasite chemotherapy as they resulted in the discovery of a variety of drugs for treating human and animal diseases. Derivatives of many of these drugs are still being used today, which, it could be claimed, reflects the outstanding success of the early approaches. However, it also highlights the relatively poor record of drug discovery in more recent decades. While major advances were taking place in the development of drugs and vaccines for bacterial, fungal and viral diseases, the discovery of new drugs for parasitic infections progressed relatively slowly. It would be wrong, however, to give an impression that there were no advances. The discovery of the avermectins and praziquantel has had an enormous impact on anthelmintic therapy, and new classes of antiprotozoal drugs have been developed for both prophylaxis and treatment of infections. Nevertheless, major problems remain and for some parasitic diseases the situation now is worse than it was 20 years ago. Malaria is perhaps the best example in this respect. The advent of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has resulted in a major public health problem. In addition, the increase in importance of some diseases, notably those associated with immunosuppression in AIDS, has again highlighted the limitations of antiparasite chemotherapy. New drugs are needed urgently for a number of parasitic diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Hossain, MK, KT Islam, MD Hossain, and MH Rahman. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Fish Diseases on Fish Production." Journal of Science Foundation 9, no. 1-2 (April 18, 2013): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14655.

Full text

Abstract:

The present research work was conducted from July 2008 to June 2009 to investigate intensity of infestation of parasites in freshwater fishes and the impact of fish diseases on fish production in northern region of Bangladesh. Possibility of out break of diseases due to deterioration of environmental factors of water bodies was included in this study. The diseases identified were ulcer diseases, EUS (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome), Ichthyophthiriasis, Trichodiniasis, Chilodoneliasis, Myxoboliasis, Dactylogyrosis, Gyrodactylosis, Argulosis, Pernicious anaemia, Red spot disease, Red Pest of freshwater eel, Mouth fungus, Branchiomysis, Abdominal dropsy and whirling disease. The infestation more occurred in young fishes than in adult fishes. The overall water qualities of water bodies fluctuated from July 2008 to June 2009. Physicochemical parameters have more or less significant combined effect on the deterioration of water quality as well as fish diseases. Gills were the most affected sites and parasites damaged gill filaments by rupturing blood capillaries, causing necrosis, coagulation and hemorrhage. The present study revealed the prevalence of different organisms in fishes, which are potential pathogen for them. Fishes were infested by parasites and other pathogens. From overall study it was observed that the parasites, bacteria and fungus were most important pathogen for outbreak of diseases. It was also observed that there was a direct relation between disease outbreak among fishes and environmental factors. Low alkalinity reduces the buffer capacity of water and badly affects the pond ecosystem, which in turn cause stress to the fish and become more susceptible to diseases. In case of low aquatic environmental temperature fish reduces metabolic activities, which in turn makes the fish more susceptible during the winter period towards parasitic infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14655 J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 125-131, June-December 2011

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Wali, Asifa, Masood-ul Hassan Balkhi, Rafia Maqbool, Mohammed Maqbool Darzi, Feroz Ahmad Shah, Farooz Ahmad Bhat, and Bilal Ahmad Bhat. "Distribution of Helminth Parasites in Intestines and Their Seasonal Rate of Infestation in Three Freshwater Fishes of Kashmir." Journal of Parasitology Research 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8901518.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of helminth parasites in fishes with special reference to water quality parameters in Dal Lake and River Jhelum and correlate the observations. Water, fish, and parasite samples were collected during different seasons from various sites and processed. Three fish species, namely,Schizothorax nigerHeckel 1838,Schizothorax esocinusHeckel 1838, andSchizothorax curvifronsHeckel 1838, were recovered from these water bodies. The physicochemical parameters temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and free carbon dioxide showed variation vis-à-vis the season and location of the stations in water bodies. Acanthocephalan parasitePomphorhynchus kashmirensisKaw 1941 (27.47%) and two intestinal cestodesBothriocephalus acheilognathiYamaguti 1934 (30.63%) andAdenoscolex oreiniFotedar 1958 (32.43%) were recovered from all the three species ofSchizothorax. All the three parasites showed higher prevalence during summer and the least prevalence during winter. Parasitic infections were prevalent more in male fishes compared to females. The presence of the parasites had reduced the condition coefficient of the infected fishes in both water bodies. The study also showed that some of the physicochemical features showed a significant positive correlation with the prevalence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Boreham, P. F. L. "Dreamtime, devastation and deviation: Australia's contribution to the chemotherapy of human parasitic infections." International Journal for Parasitology 25, no. 9 (September 1995): 1009–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(95)00016-u.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Bockarie, Moses J., Louise A. Kelly-Hope, Maria Rebollo, and David H. Molyneux. "Preventive chemotherapy as a strategy for elimination of neglected tropical parasitic diseases: endgame challenges." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1623 (August 5, 2013): 20120144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0144.

Full text

Abstract:

Global efforts to address neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) were stimulated in January 2012 by the London declaration at which 22 partners, including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO) and major pharmaceutical companies committed to sustaining and expanding NTD programmes to eliminate or eradicate 11 NTDs by 2020 to achieve the goals outlined in the recently published WHO road map. Here, we present the current context of preventive chemotherapy for some NTDs, and discuss the problems faced by programmes as they consider the ‘endgame’, such as difficulties of access to populations in post-conflict settings, limited human and financial resources, and the need to expand access to clean water and improved sanitation for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. In the case of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, ivermectin treatment carries a significant risk owing to serious adverse effects in some patients co-infected with the tropical eye worm Loa loa filariasis. We discuss the challenges of managing complex partnerships, and maintain advocacy messages for the continued support for elimination of these preventable diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Campbell, William C. "Acceptance of the 2016 Eminent Parasitologist Award: Chemotherapy in the Context of Emerging Parasitic Diseases." Journal of Parasitology 102, no. 6 (December 2016): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/16-116.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Rahman, Shaziea, Rashida Khatun, Lavely Nahar, and Tanjila Khanum. "Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Rajshahi division of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i2.43061.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in pigeon (columba livia) at Rajshahi division from 01-01-2016 to 15-12-2016 and to evaluate the comparative efficacy piparazine citrate and levamisole HCL. Total 3 different species of parasites were recorded in this study and those were Ascaridia columbae, Capillilaria obsignata, Raillietina tetragona. Out of 263 pigeon, 109 pigeon having ascarid and capillaria positive were treatment with piparazine citrate and levamisole HCL. The pigeon were treated with recommended (10g mixed in 6 litre drinking water for 100 pigeon) dose of Ascarex® and recommended (1gm mixed in 1 litre drinking water) dose of Avinex® orally, respectively. The recovery rate of ascariasis at 7th days was 50.9% and capillariasis was 51.85%. After 21th days the recovery rate of ascariasis was 72.72% and capillariasis was 66.66%. The efficacy of drugs is more in case of young (77.27% at 7th days and 87.36% at 21th days) than adult (44.82% at 7th days and 65.51% at 21th days).In exotic breeds efficacy is good (60.41% at 7th days and 85.41% at 21th days) than indigenous breeds (44.26% at 7th days and 66.65% at 21th days). The recovery rate is more in traditional (65.3% at 7th days and 78.33% at 21th days) than commercial farming system (42.85% at 7th days and 58.33% at 21th days). Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 323-328, August 2019

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Bisceglia, Juan A., Maria C. Mollo, Nadia Gruber, and Liliana R. Orelli. "Polyamines and Related Nitrogen Compounds in the Chemotherapy of Neglected Diseases Caused by Kinetoplastids." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 5 (June 11, 2018): 321–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666180427151338.

Full text

Abstract:

Neglected diseases due to the parasitic protozoa Leishmania and Trypanosoma (kinetoplastids) affect millions of people worldwide, and the lack of suitable treatments has promoted an ongoing drug discovery effort to identify novel nontoxic and cost-effective chemotherapies. Polyamines are ubiquitous small organic molecules that play key roles in kinetoplastid parasites metabolism, redox homeostasis and in the normal progression of cell cycles, which differ from those found in the mammalian host. These features make polyamines attractive in terms of antiparasitic drug development. The present work provides a comprehensive insight on the use of polyamine derivatives and related nitrogen compounds in the chemotherapy of kinetoplastid diseases. The amount of literature on this subject is considerable, and a classification considering drug targets and chemical structures were made. Polyamines, aminoalcohols and basic heterocycles designed to target the relevant parasitic enzyme trypanothione reductase are discussed in the first section, followed by compounds directed to less common targets, like parasite SOD and the aminopurine P2 transporter. Finally, the third section comprises nitrogen compounds structurally derived from antimalaric agents. References on the chemical synthesis of the selected compounds are reported together with their in vivo and/or in vitro IC50 values, and structureactivity relationships within each group are analyzed. Some favourable structural features were identified from the SAR analyses comprising protonable sites, hydrophobic groups and optimum distances between them. The importance of certain pharmacophoric groups or amino acid residues in the bioactivity of polyamine derived compounds is also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Konkova, Anna V., V. V. Volodina, E. A. Voronina, and N. Yu Terpugova. "The epidemiological significance of parasites of fishes in the Volga-Caspian fishery subdistrict (Astrakhan region)." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-5-448-454.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. The epidemiological situation of parasitic diseases among the population of the Volga-Caspian fishery subdistrict within the Astrakhan region continues to be stressful. To cancel or prolong the restrictions on biohelminthoses in the region, it is necessary to conduct regular studies on the parasitic purity of fish and fish raw materials. Material and methods. In accordance with methods generally accepted in parasitology, in the period of 2013-2017, 7,671 mature specimens of thirteen species of fish of five families (carps, pikes, sheatfishes, perches, herrings) were examined. Results. In the parasitic fauna of all types of hydrobionts examined there were sanitary-significant parasites, represented by eight types of systematic groups: nematodes (Anisakis schupakovi, Contracaecum bidentat, Estrongylides excisus), trematodes (Apophallus muehlingi, Rossicotr.ema donutses), acanthocephalans (Corynosoma strumosum). The dominant group in prevalence in the population of the Volga fish were roundworms, small - acanthocephalus. The maximum quantitative indices were characterized by trematodes, the number of which in the single fish amounted to thousands. Discussion. The level of infestation of pike, catfish, bream, carp, pike-perch, perch, white bream, rud, roach, Caspian roach, sichel, Caspian anadromous shad, blue bream, parasites dangerous to humans has remained relatively stable for a number of years. The majority of fish in the eastern part of the delta (with respect to the western part) have a higher percentage of infected individuals, and therefore, aquatic animals caught in the first specified area should be subjected to more thorough veterinary examination when preparing it for sale to the population. Conclusion. The data on the annual invasions of fish and people (along with other warm-blooded animals) with epidemiologically significant parasites indicate the active functioning of natural foci of apophallosis, rosicotremosis, opisthorchiasis, pevdoamphistomosis, anizakiosis, contratsekoleza, eustrongilidosis, and corynozomosis in the Volga delta. For the prevention of biohelminthoses, it is necessary, in addition to state control (ensuring proper product quality), to establish a direct informational notification of the population in order to clarify the importance of the issue of parasitic invasions transmitted through fish.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Konkova, Anna V., V. V. Volodina, E. A. Voronina, and N. Yu Terpugova. "The epidemiological significance of parasites of fishes in the Volga-Caspian fishery subdistrict (Astrakhan region)." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-5-448-454.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. The epidemiological situation of parasitic diseases among the population of the Volga-Caspian fishery subdistrict within the Astrakhan region continues to be stressful. To cancel or prolong the restrictions on biohelminthoses in the region, it is necessary to conduct regular studies on the parasitic purity of fish and fish raw materials. Material and methods. In accordance with methods generally accepted in parasitology, in the period of 2013-2017, 7,671 mature specimens of thirteen species of fish of five families (carps, pikes, sheatfishes, perches, herrings) were examined. Results. In the parasitic fauna of all types of hydrobionts examined there were sanitary-significant parasites, represented by eight types of systematic groups: nematodes (Anisakis schupakovi, Contracaecum bidentat, Estrongylides excisus), trematodes (Apophallus muehlingi, Rossicotr.ema donutses), acanthocephalans (Corynosoma strumosum). The dominant group in prevalence in the population of the Volga fish were roundworms, small - acanthocephalus. The maximum quantitative indices were characterized by trematodes, the number of which in the single fish amounted to thousands. Discussion. The level of infestation of pike, catfish, bream, carp, pike-perch, perch, white bream, rud, roach, Caspian roach, sichel, Caspian anadromous shad, blue bream, parasites dangerous to humans has remained relatively stable for a number of years. The majority of fish in the eastern part of the delta (with respect to the western part) have a higher percentage of infected individuals, and therefore, aquatic animals caught in the first specified area should be subjected to more thorough veterinary examination when preparing it for sale to the population. Conclusion. The data on the annual invasions of fish and people (along with other warm-blooded animals) with epidemiologically significant parasites indicate the active functioning of natural foci of apophallosis, rosicotremosis, opisthorchiasis, pevdoamphistomosis, anizakiosis, contratsekoleza, eustrongilidosis, and corynozomosis in the Volga delta. For the prevention of biohelminthoses, it is necessary, in addition to state control (ensuring proper product quality), to establish a direct informational notification of the population in order to clarify the importance of the issue of parasitic invasions transmitted through fish.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Honcharov, S. L. "The association of cryptocotylosis with other types of parasitic invasions of gobiidae fishes in the natural waters of southern Ukraine." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 96 (December 14, 2019): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9618.

Full text

Abstract:

The article gives the result of the research of such fishes of the Gobiidae bloodline as Neogobius fluviatialis Pallas, 1814, Neogobius melanostomum Pallas, 1814, and Mesogobius batrachocephalus Pallas, 1814, in the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuary and the Black Sea near Mykolayiv and Odessa regions. It established the possible associations of cryptocotylosis with other types of parasitic invasions of Gobiidae fishes. It has been set up that the researched fishes have been the most invaded by such agents of parasitic diseases as trematodes and nematodes – 52.2% and 37.3% respectively. The smallest parasitic group affecting commercial fishes is cestodiasis – 0.37%. Neogobius fluviatialis Pallas, 1814, has been noticed as invaded by Asymphylodora pontica Chernyshenko, 1949. The prevelence (P) counted 2.58%, and the invasion intensiveness (II) counted 4–12 samples. Cryptocotyle concavum Creplin, 1825 (P – 30.4%, ІІ – 9–124 samples); Cryptocotyle jejuna Nicoll, 19 07 (P – 15.9%, ІІ – 12–103 metacecaria); Ligula pavlovski Dubinina, 1959 (P – 0.21%, ІІ – 1sample); Cucullanellus minutus Rudolphi, 1819 (P – 9.05%, ІІ – 1–3 nematodes); Eustrongylides excisus, Jägerskiöld, 1909 (P – 23.06%, ІІ – 1 – 4 larvae); Raphidascaris sp. (P – 2.8%, ІІ – 1 nematode); Telosentis exiguus (Linstow, 1901) (P – 1.07%, ІІ – 1–2 samples.); Ergasilus nanus (Beneden, 1870) (ІE – 8.18%, ІІ – 1–31 maxillopods).The parasitic fauna of Neogobius melanostomum Pallas, 1814 was characterized by such agents as Asymphylodora pontica Chernyshenko,1949 (P – 10.2%, ІІ – 5–36 samples); Cryptocotyle concavum Creplin, 1825 (P – 59.2%, ІІ – 94–211 samples); Cryptocotyle jejuna Nicoll, 1907 (P – 44.8%, ІІ – 4–87 metacercaria); Stephanostomum bicoronatum (Stossich, 1883) Fuhrmann, 1928 (P – 26.5%, ІІ – 6 – 69 larvae); Ligula pavlovski Dubinina,1959 (P – 2.04%, ІІ – 1sample); Cucullanellus minutus Rudolphi, 1819 (P – 16.3%, ІІ – 1–6 nematodes); Eustrongylides excisus, Jägerskiöld, 1909 (P – 22.4%, ІІ – 1–4 larvae); Raphidascaris sp. (P – 4.08%, ІІ – 1–2 nematodes); Telosentis exiguus (Linstow, 1901) (P – 8.16%, ІІ – 1–2 samples); Ergasilus nanus Beneden, 1870 (P – 14.2%, ІІ – 2–8 maxillopods). Parasitic invasions of Mesogobius batrachocephalus Pallas, 1814, also took place. For example, there were registered the cases of invasion with such agents as Cryptocotyle concavum Creplin, 1825 (P – 17%, ІІ – 18–89 samples); Cryptocotyle jejuna Nicoll, 1907 (P – 13.5%, ІІ – 7–21 metacecaria); Stephanostomum bicoronatum (Stossich, 1883) Fuhrmann, 1928 (P – 6.77%, ІІ – 5–11 larvae); Cucullanellus minutus Rudolphi, 1819 (P – 35.6%, ІІ – 1–3 nematodes); Eustrongylides excisus, Jägerskiöld, 1909 (P – 32.2%, ІІ – 1–3 larvae); Сontracaecum sp. (P – 5.08%, ІІ – 1 nematode); Ergasilus nanus Beneden, 1870 (P – 8.74%, ІІ – 1–15 parasites).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Stettler, Marianne, Jean François Rossignol, Renate Fink, Mirjam Walker, Bruno Gottstein, Michael Merli, Regula Theurillat, et al. "Secondary and primary murine alveolar echinococcosis: combined albendazole/nitazoxanide chemotherapy exhibits profound anti-parasitic activity." International Journal for Parasitology 34, no. 5 (April 2004): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.01.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Debnath, Anjan, Dea Shahinas, Clifford Bryant, Ken Hirata, Yukiko Miyamoto, Grace Hwang, Jiri Gut, et al. "Hsp90 Inhibitors as New Leads To Target Parasitic Diarrheal Diseases." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 7 (May 12, 2014): 4138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02576-14.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTEntamoeba histolyticaandGiardia lambliaare anaerobic protozoan parasites that cause amebiasis and giardiasis, two of the most common diarrheal diseases worldwide. Current therapy relies on metronidazole, but resistance has been reported and the drug has significant adverse effects. Therefore, it is critical to search for effective, better-tolerated antiamebic and antigiardial drugs. We synthesized several examples of a recently reported class of Hsp90 inhibitors and evaluated these compounds as potential leads for antiparasitic chemotherapy. Several of these inhibitors showed strongin vitroactivity against bothE. histolyticaandG. lambliatrophozoites. The inhibitors were rescreened to discriminate between amebicidal and giardicidal activity and general cytotoxicity toward a mammalian cell line. No mammalian cytotoxicity was found at >100 μM for 48 h for any of the inhibitors. To understand the mechanism of action, a competitive binding assay was performed using the fluorescent ATP analogue bis-ANS (4,4′-dianilino-1,1′-binaphthyl-5,5′-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt) and recombinantE. histolyticaHsp90 preincubated in both the presence and absence of Hsp90 inhibitors. There was significant reduction in fluorescence compared to the level in the control, suggesting thatE. histolyticaHsp90 is a selective target. Thein vivoefficacy and safety of one Hsp90 inhibitor in a mouse model of amebic colitis and giardiasis was demonstrated by significant inhibition of parasite growth at a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight/day for 7 days and 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days. Considering the results forin vitroactivity andin vivoefficacy, Hsp90 inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic option for amebiasis and giardiasis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Eissa, Ismail, Salah Meselhy, Mona Ismail, Eman Aboelhassan, Aya Attia, and Maather EL-Lamie. "Advanced Studies on the Endo-Parasitic Diseases (Digeneasis and Larval Cestodiasis) Affecting some Marine Fishes in Ismailia Governorate." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 24, no. 5 (July 29, 2020): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2020.105449.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ho, Ju-Shey. "Copepod parasites of deep-sea benthic fishes from the western North Atlantic." Parasitology 90, no. 3 (June 1985): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000055487.

Full text

Abstract:

Nine species of parasitic copepods are reported, with 3 of them being new to science. They are: (1) Chondracanthodes deflexus Wilson from Antimora rostrata Günther, Coryphaenoides (Chalinura) brevibarbis (Goode and Bean), Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus (Hector), Coryphaenoides (Chalinura) leptolepis (Günther), and Coryphaenoides (Lionurus) carapinus (Goode and Bean); (2) Chondracanthodes radiatus (Müller) from Macrourus berglax Lacepede; (3) Lernaeopodina pectinata sp.nov. from Alepocephalus agassizi (Goode and Bean); (4) Neobrachiella pinguis (Wilson) from Antimora rostrata Günther; (5) Clavella adunca (Strøm) from Macrourus berglax Lacepede; (6) Sphyrion lumpi (Krøyer) from Antimora rostrata Günther; (7) Lophoura gracilis Wilson from Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson; (8) Lophoura pentaloba sp.nov. from Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus (Hector) and Nezumia bairdii (Goode and Bean) and (9) Lophoura tetraphylla sp.nov. from Antimora rostrata Günther. The infected fishes were collected with trawls from depths of 828 to 4815 m in the New York Bight and 403 to 1294 m near the Grand Banks (south of Newfoundland).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Maki, Jun, Yochi Ito, Yuichiro Tabaru, Isao Tada, Yoshiki Aoki, Yasunori Fujimaki, Yoshinori Mitsui, Armando Caceres, Kofi-Tsekpo WM, and Zhang Yongsheng. "International cooperative studies on chemotherapy of parasitic diseases with the scientific utilization of traditional medicinal plants." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)81167-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Наумова, A. Naumova, Наумова, and A. Naumova. "Parasitological monitoring of fish farm factories." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18361.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective of research: to perform the parasitological monitoring we have to study the parasite fauna in fishes from different fish farm factories, calculate the index of similarity, estimate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the ecosystem of fish-breeding reservoirs. Materials and methods: parasitological monitoring of factory fish farms was conducted by the method of complete and incomplete parasitological examination taking into account the data obtained from various fish-breeding reservoirs. Results and discussion: the parasite fauna of cyprinid fishes is represented by 56 species, carriage of causative agents of parasitic diseases in fishes is detected. Index of similarity of parasite fauna in carps has been studied and typification of agricultural reservoirs carried out. Index of similarity between the parasite fauna in carp and herbivorous fish was 22–33 %, carp and rough fish - 18–30,7 %. Influence of abiotic (oxidability, reduction of oxygen and nitrogen ammonia concentration, mineralization) and biotic – anthropogenic factors (violation of processing technologies, veterinary and sanitary rules of fish transport and fish farming operations) on fish infestation with parasites was studied. The role of parasitological monitoring in prevention and elimination of fish diseases was shown.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Eriksson, K. S., A. G. Maule, D. W. Halton, P. A. J. Panula, and C. Shaw. "GABA in the nervous system of parasitic flatworms." Parasitology 110, no. 3 (April 1995): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000080926.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYIn an immunocytochemical study, using an antiserum and a monoclonal antibody specific for the amino acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), GABA-like immunoreactivity (GLIR) has been demonstrated for the first time in parasitic flatworms. In Moniezia expansa (Cestoda), GLIR was seen in nerve nets which were closely associated with the body wall musculature and in the longitudinal nerve cords. In the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda), the GLIR occurred in the longitudinal nerve cords and lateral nerves in the posterior half of the worm. GLIR was also detected in subtegumental fibres in F. hepatica. The presence of GABA was verified, using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. The concentration of GABA (mean ± S.D.) in M. expansa anterior region was 124·8 ± 15·3 picomole/mg wet weight, while in F. hepatica it was 16·8 ± 4·9 picomole/mg. Since several insecticides and anti-nematodal drugs are thought to interfere with GABA-receptors, the findings indicate that GABAergic neurotransmission may be a potential target for chemotherapy in flatworms too.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lau, Hollis, Jill T. Ferlan, Victoria Hertle Brophy, Andre Rosowsky, and Carol Hopkins Sibley. "Efficacies of Lipophilic Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase against Parasitic Protozoa." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.1.187-195.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Competitive inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) are used in chemotherapy or prophylaxis of many microbial pathogens, including the eukaryotic parasites Plasmodium falciparum andToxoplasma gondii. Unfortunately, point mutations in the DHFR gene can confer resistance to inhibitors specific to these pathogens. We have developed a rapid system for testing inhibitors of DHFRs from a variety of parasites. We replaced the DHFR gene from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaewith the DHFR-coding region from humans, P. falciparum,T. gondii, Pneumocystis carinii, and bovine or human-derived Cryptosporidium parvum. We studied 84 dicyclic and tricyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives in this heterologous system and identified those most effective against the DHFR enzymes from each of the pathogens. Among these compounds, six tetrahydroquinazolines were effective inhibitors of every strain tested, but they also inhibited the human DHFR and were not selective for the parasites. However, two quinazolines and four tetrahydroquinazolines were both potent and selective inhibitors of the P. falciparum DHFR. These compounds show promise for development as antimalarial drugs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Bouguerche, Chahinez, Fadila Tazerouti, Delphine Gey, and Jean-Lou Justine. "Triple barcoding for a hyperparasite, its parasitic host, and the host itself: a study of Cyclocotyla bellones (Monogenea) on Ceratothoa parallela (Isopoda) on Boops boops (Teleostei)." Parasite 28 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021044.

Full text

Abstract:

Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823 (Diclidophoridae) is a monogenean characterised by an exceptional way of life. It is a hyperparasite that attaches itself to the dorsal face of isopods, themselves parasites in the buccal cavity of fishes. In this study, Cy. bellones was found on Ceratothoa parallela (Otto, 1828), a cymothoid isopod parasite of the sparid fish Boops boops off Algeria in the Mediterranean Sea. We provide, for the first time, molecular barcoding information of a hyperparasitic monogenean, the parasitic crustacean host, and the fish host, with COI sequences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Morrone, Fernanda B., Juliana A. Carneiro, Cristine dos Reis, Cibele M. Cardozo, Caroline Ubal, and Geraldo A. De Carli. "Study of enteroparasites infection frequency and chemotherapeutic agents used in pediatric patients in a community living in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 46, no. 2 (April 2004): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652004000200004.

Full text

Abstract:

Parasitic infections caused by intestinal protozoan and helminths affect more than two billion people worldwide and chemotherapy is the most commonly used therapeutic procedure. Considering the problems created by parasitic infections and the incorrect use of drugs, the aim of this work was to detect the frequency of enteroparasites infection and to estimate the use of chemotherapeutic agents in children living in the periphery of the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Ninety-six preschool age children, who had parasitological exams and who used antiparasitic drugs, were analyzed. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by stool examination repeated six months after treatment. The same diagnostic test was used to evaluate parasitological cure, which was defined as absence of eggs and cysts in the stool. From these children, 79 (82.3%) were contaminated by some species of parasite, the most prevalent were Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Giardia lamblia. The most commonly used drugs were mebendazole (86% of prescriptions) and metronidazole (30.3%). The cure rate in the 79 children, examined 6 months after treatment, was 65.3% for A. lumbricoides and 66.1% for T. trichiura. This study suggests that a continuous education program regarding the prevention and treatment of parasitic infections is an essential tool for their eradication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Dórea, Regina Coeli Cunha, Ednir Salata, Carlos Roberto Padovani, and Gilberto Lupi dos Anjos. "Control of parasitic infections among school children in the peri-urban area of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 29, no. 5 (October 1996): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821996000500004.

Full text

Abstract:

Tide prevalence of intestinal parasitosis ivas investigated in a primaiy school located in Rubiâo Júnior, a peri-urban district of Botucatu, São Paulo slate, Brazil, in order to assess the effect of treatment and practical measures of prophylaxis in the control of parasitic infections among 7-to- 18-year-old school children of a low socio-economic status. The first series of parasitological examinations included 219 school children, ef which 123 (56.1 %) were found to be infected with one or more parasite species. Eighty- four children canying pathogenic parasites were submitted to various anti-parasitic treatment schedules. We re-evaluated 15 (89 %) students after 4 to 6 months post- chemotherapy. The results indicate that the combination of treatment with prophylactic measures has been successful in the control of parasitic infections, since reinfection rates were generally low (< 5-3 %), except for Giardia lamblia infections (18.6 %), and a marked reduction oti the prevalence rates was obsewed with a significant percentage of cure (> 73-1 %) in children infected with most parasite species. The reasons for the apparent failure in the control of infections caused by Hymenolepis nana and Strongyloides stercoralis are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

POULIN, R., and D. MOUILLOT. "Host specificity and the probability of discovering species of helminth parasites." Parasitology 130, no. 6 (January 24, 2005): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004007218.

Full text

Abstract:

Different animal species have different probabilities of being discovered and described by scientists, and these probabilities are determined to a large extent by the biological characteristics of these species. For instance, species with broader geographical ranges are more likely to be encountered by collectors than species with restricted distributions; indeed, the size of the geographical range is often the best predictor of a species' date of description. For parasitic organisms, host specificity may be similarly linked to the probability of a species being found. Here, using data on 170 helminth species parasitic in freshwater fishes, we show that host specificity is associated with the year in which the helminths were described. Helminths that exploit more host species, and to a lesser degree those that exploit a broader taxonomic range of host species, tend to be discovered earlier than the more host-specific helminths. This pattern was observed across all helminth species, as well as within the different helminth taxa (trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalans). Our results demonstrate that the parasite species known at any given point in time are not a random subset of existing species, but rather a biased subset with respect to the parasites' biological properties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Serban. "Future Prospects in the Treatment of Parasitic Diseases: 2-Amino-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles in Leishmaniasis." Molecules 24, no. 8 (April 19, 2019): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081557.

Full text

Abstract:

Neglected tropical diseases affect the lives of a billion people worldwide. Among them, the parasitic infections caused by protozoan parasites of the Trypanosomatidae family have a huge impact on human health. Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania spp., is an endemic parasitic disease in over 88 countries and is closely associated with poverty. Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of leishmaniasis over the last decade, currently available chemotherapy is far from satisfactory. The lack of an approved vaccine, effective medication and significant drug resistance worldwide had led to considerable interest in discovering new, inexpensive, efficient and safe antileishmanial agents. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole rings are found in biologically active natural products and medicinally important synthetic compounds. The thiadiazole ring exhibits several specific properties: it is a bioisostere of pyrimidine or benzene rings with prevalence in biologically active compounds; the sulfur atom increases lipophilicity and combined with the mesoionic character of thiadiazoles imparts good oral absorption and good cell permeability, resulting in good bioavailability. This review presents synthetic 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives with antileishmanial activity. Many reported derivatives can be considered as lead compounds for the synthesis of future agents as an alternative to the treatment of leishmaniasis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Leitsch, David. "A review on metronidazole: an old warhorse in antimicrobial chemotherapy." Parasitology 146, no. 9 (November 23, 2017): 1167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017002025.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe 5-nitroimidazole drug metronidazole has remained the drug of choice in the treatment of anaerobic infections, parasitic as well as bacterial, ever since its development in 1959. In contrast to most other antimicrobials, it has a pleiotropic mode of action and reacts with a large number of molecules. Importantly, metronidazole, which is strictly speaking a prodrug, needs to be reduced at its nitro group in order to become toxic. Reduction of metronidazole, however, only takes place under very low concentrations of oxygen, explaining why metronidazole is exclusively toxic to microaerophilic and anaerobic microorganisms. In general, resistance rates amongst the pathogens treated with metronidazole have remained low until the present day. Nevertheless, metronidazole resistance does occur, and for the treatment of some pathogens, especiallyHelicobacter pylori, metronidazole has become almost useless in some parts of the world. This review will give an account on the current status of research on metronidazole's mode of action, metronidazole resistance in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and on other 5-nitroimidazoles in use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mageed, Sarmad N., Fraser Cunningham, Alvin Wei Hung, Hernani Leonardo Silvestre, Shijun Wen, Tom L. Blundell, Chris Abell, and Glenn A. McConkey. "Pantothenic Acid Biosynthesis in the Parasite Toxoplasma gondii: a Target for Chemotherapy." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 11 (July 21, 2014): 6345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02640-14.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondiiis a major food pathogen and neglected parasitic infection that causes eye disease, birth defects, and fetal abortion and plays a role as an opportunistic infection in AIDS. In this study, we investigated pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) biosynthesis inT. gondii. Genes encoding the full repertoire of enzymes for pantothenate synthesis and subsequent metabolism to coenzyme A were identified and are expressed inT. gondii. A panel of inhibitors developed to targetMycobacterium tuberculosispantothenate synthetase were tested and found to exhibit a range of values for inhibition ofT. gondiigrowth. Two inhibitors exhibited lower effective concentrations than the currently used toxoplasmosis drug pyrimethamine. The inhibition was specific for the pantothenate pathway, as the effect of the pantothenate synthetase inhibitors was abrogated by supplementation with pantothenate. Hence,T. gondiiencodes and expresses the enzymes for pantothenate synthesis, and this pathway is essential for parasite growth. These promising findings increase our understanding of growth and metabolism in this important parasite and highlight pantothenate synthetase as a new drug target.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Rodrigues, Alfredo M. V., Argun Akif Özak, Luis M. H. Silva, and Geoffrey Allan Boxshall. "Caligus mulli n. sp. (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on two Mullid fishes from the eastern Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic waters." Parasitology Research 117, no. 12 (September 29, 2018): 3843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-6090-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Costa, João Lory, Ana Margarida Alho, Lídia Gomes, Ana Eiras, Telmo Nunes, Gonçalo Vicente, Patrícia Lopes, and Luís Madeira de Carvalho. "Antineoplastic Chemotherapy and its Effects on the Gastrointestinal Parasitism of the Dog." Open Parasitology Journal 6, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874421401806010096.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: In veterinary medicine, an increasing incidence of neoplastic diseases has been followed by a growth in the use of chemotherapeutic drugs, often associated with opportunistic infections. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, as well as their evolution throughout the protocol and respective effects of chemotherapy on dogs’ lifestyle. Methods: Faecal samples were collected in a group of 30 dogs being treated for neoplastic diseases under different protocols, previous (G1) and during chemotherapy (G2). In total, 60 samples were analysed by Willis flotation, natural sedimentation, Baermann technique and faecal smear stained with Ziehl-Neelsen. A survey to characterize animal lifestyles and deworming care were also conducted with dog’s tutors. Results: In total, there were two positive samples for the protozoan Giardia sp., one of which is in association with the nematode Toxascaris leonina. The two dogs only obtained positive results during chemotherapy (G2). An overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases of 6.7%, in G2, and 0%, in G1, was obtained. Conclusion: The low parasite prevalence has not allowed the evaluation of an association between the use of antineoplastic compounds and infections by gastrointestinal parasites. However, it was concluded that the studied groups were efficiently dewormed, as well as they did not experience any obvious changes in their parasitological component and its lifestyle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Matsumoto, Jun, Kimitoshi Sakamoto, Noriko Shinjyo, Yasutoshi Kido, Nao Yamamoto, Kinpei Yagi, Hideto Miyoshi, et al. "Anaerobic NADH-Fumarate Reductase System Is Predominant in the Respiratory Chain of Echinococcus multilocularis, Providing a Novel Target for the Chemotherapy of Alveolar Echinococcosis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 1 (October 22, 2007): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00378-07.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Alveolar echinococcosis, which is due to the massive growth of larval Echinococcus multilocularis, is a life-threatening parasitic zoonosis distributed widely across the northern hemisphere. Commercially available chemotherapeutic compounds have parasitostatic but not parasitocidal effects. Parasitic organisms use various energy metabolic pathways that differ greatly from those of their hosts and therefore could be promising targets for chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to characterize the mitochondrial respiratory chain of E. multilocularis, with the eventual goal of developing novel antiechinococcal compounds. Enzymatic analyses using enriched mitochondrial fractions from E. multilocularis protoscoleces revealed that the mitochondria exhibited NADH-fumarate reductase activity as the predominant enzyme activity, suggesting that the mitochondrial respiratory system of the parasite is highly adapted to anaerobic environments. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the primary quinone of the parasite mitochondria was rhodoquinone-10, which is commonly used as an electron mediator in anaerobic respiration by the NADH-fumarate reductase system of other eukaryotes. This also suggests that the mitochondria of E. multilocularis protoscoleces possess an anaerobic respiratory chain in which complex II of the parasite functions as a rhodoquinol-fumarate reductase. Furthermore, in vitro treatment assays using respiratory chain inhibitors against the NADH-quinone reductase activity of mitochondrial complex I demonstrated that they had a potent ability to kill protoscoleces. These results suggest that the mitochondrial respiratory chain of the parasite is a promising target for chemotherapy of alveolar echinococcosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Fishes – Parasitic diseases – Chemotherapy'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles