Academic literature on the topic 'Fissura diagonal'

Through experiments that were carried out to study the rock-like specimens with nine fissures under uniaxial compression by YNS2000 electro-hydraulic servo test system, to reveal the mechanism about strength and mechanism about crack expansion evolution laws of rock containing multiple fissures. Applying numerical simulation (RFPA) for the whole failure process of rock containing multiple fissures with reasonable parameters, the results present the influence mechanism of different confining pressures for strength and crack expansion characteristics. The experimental results show: the peak strength of specimens with nine fissures degrades obviously compared with complete specimens; Specimens containing multiple fissures begin to crack with tension cracks, and break with shear cracks finally. With the increase of confining pressure, the compressive strength of rock containing multiple fissures increases gradually; And crack expansion generally occurs on the middle diagonal fissure-plane under high confining pressure.

Resumo Nos últimos anos, pesquisas demonstram o concreto reforçado com fibras de aço como um compósito promissor que pode substituir parte das armaduras convencionais como estribos em vigas, uma vez que as fibras de aço aumentam a resistência ao cisalhamento e tenacidade, o que reduz a possibilidade de ruptura súbita. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa experimental para avaliar a influência da adição da fibra de aço na resistência ao cisalhamento e modo de ruptura de vigas de concreto armado sem armadura transversal com a variação da taxa de armadura longitudinal, teor de fibras de aço e resistência do concreto à compressão. Um total de doze vigas foi ensaiado à flexão em quatro pontos. Os resultados experimentais encontrados indicaram que o uso de fibras de aço com ganchos nas extremidades aumentam a resistência ao cisalhamento em vigas e alteram o padrão de fissuração com a formação de pelo menos duas fissuras diagonais e maior número de fissuras de flexão, que proporcionam uma ruptura mais avisada.

Purpose The infill masonry walls in recent worldwide earthquakes have shown that it is necessary to conduct further studies to characterize the behavior of existing buildings and, in particular, of infill masonry walls under seismic activity. The lack of characterization studies of infill walls made by concrete blocks justifies the investigation reported herein, which includes experimental tests on sample sets to evaluate the mechanical properties of masonry components (units and mortar) and assemblages (wallets) made with masonry units from Faial. For the later, normal compressive, diagonal tensile/shear and out-of-plane flexural strengths were obtained according to standard procedures, the results of which are presented in the manuscript. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach One experimental campaign was conducted with the aim to mechanically characterize concrete blocks masonry samples. Several experimental tests were carried out in full-scale masonry concrete wallets according to the constructive methodology used. Findings Based on the data obtained from the mechanical characterization tests of the concrete masonry blocks, it can be seen that under simple compression, the masonry specimens’ average resistance is about 6 times superior than the average resistance to diagonal shear/tension, while the stiffness is almost doubled. In simple compression tests, it was observed that the masonry specimens cracked in areas of higher drilling of the blocks. In the tensile tests by diagonal compression, it was found that the test specimens were mainly fissured by the block/mortar joint interfaces, following the delineation of settlement and top joints. Originality/value There are no experimental results available in the literature for this type of bricks that can contribute to the development of numerical studies.

This paper investigates thermal convection in an anisotropic bidisperse porous medium. A bidisperse porous medium is one which possesses the usual pores, but in addition, there are cracks or fissures in the solid skeleton and these give rise to a second porosity known as micro porosity. The novelty of this paper is that the macro permeability and the micro permeability are each diagonal tensors but the three components in the vertical and in the horizontal directions may be distinct in both the macro and micro phases. Thus, there are six independent permeability coefficients. A linear instability analysis is presented and a fully nonlinear stability analysis is inferred. Several Rayleigh number and wavenumber calculations are presented and it is found that novel cell structures are predicted which are not present in the single porosity case.

The aim of this study was to report the response to a bacterial intrauterine infection in a calf. A stillborn calf, dam’s blood and amniotic fluid were submitted for examination. Necropsy of the calf was performed and IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IL-6 in the calf’s serum, Il-6 in the dam’s serum, and amniotic fluid were estimated. During necropsy, fluid in pleural and peritoneal cavities stained with haemoglobin and diagonal fissures in the aortic arch endothelium were found.Salmonella entericaserovar Stanley was isolated from the spleen, lungs and abomasal fluid.Histopathological examination revealed: inflammatory infiltration and haemorrhages in lungs and small perivascular haemorrhages in the frontal cortex and near the lateral ventricles of the white matter, focal gliosis in the frontal cortex, and neuronal atrophy of the dentate gyrus with diffuse glial cells proliferation in the brain. The concentration of IgG1in the calf’s serum was increased and IL-6 was detected in both the dam’s blood and amniotic fluid. Necropsy, bacterial culture and immunological findings in the stillborn calf confirmed the intrauterine infectionwithSalmonellaStanley as the cause of death. Meanwhile, neonatal diarrhoea (incidence 46%) with high mortality (54%) occurred on the same farm. From diarrhoeic calves,SalmonellaTyphimurium andS.Enteritidis were isolated. Based on available literature this is the first evidence ofSalmonella entericaserovar Stanley isolation from a stillborn calf.

The hamster intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), part of the circadian rhythm regulatory system, has very extensive interconnections with subcortical visual nuclei. The present investigation describes IGL connections with the hamster diencephalon and telencephalon and compares them with ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (VLG) connections and retinal projections. Connections of the geniculate nuclei were evaluated using anterograde transport of iontophoretically injected Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and by retrograde transport of cholera toxin β fragment. The cholera fragment was also injected intraocularly to trace retinal efferents. The IGL has ipsilateral and contralateral projections to the anterior and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, the ventral preoptic, lateral and dorsal hypothalamic areas, but not to the core ventromedial nucleus and very sparsely to the paraventricular nucleus. There are also IGL projections to the medial and lateral zona incerta, anteroventral, anterodorsal, reuniens, parataenial, paraventricular, centrolateral, central medial, and laterodorsal thalamic nuclei. IGL projections to the telencephalon are found in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band, olfactory tubercle, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, ventral pallidum, and in nuclei of the medial amygdala. The only substantial VLG projections are to bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, IGL, medial zona incerta, central medial and laterodorsal thalamic nuclei. Several of the IGL targets, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and zona incerta in particular, send projections back to the IGL and VLG. In addition, cells are present in the caudal cingulate cortex that project to both nuclei. Retinal projections are found in many of the regions receiving IGL innervation, including nuclei of the medial basal telencephalon, the posteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and nuclei of the hypothalamus. A retinal projection is also visible in the lateral olfactory tract from which it extends rostrally, then medially along the base of the rhinal fissure. Fibers also extend caudally, in a superficial location, to perirhinal cortex. The results further demonstrate the widespread connections of the IGL and support the idea that the IGL modulates olfactory, photic, and circadian rhythm regulation of regulatory physiology and behavior.

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T21:53:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Teodoro, Heitor Ventura-2013-dissertação.pdf: 6084667 bytes, checksum: b26199be68bda57d4b41ddf4644616e7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T21:54:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Teodoro, Heitor Ventura-2013-dissertação.pdf: 6084667 bytes, checksum: b26199be68bda57d4b41ddf4644616e7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T21:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Teodoro, Heitor Ventura-2013-dissertação.pdf: 6084667 bytes, checksum: b26199be68bda57d4b41ddf4644616e7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-03
This study presents the results of an experimental research on shear in self compacting concrete beams. The influence of beam depth and longitudinal reinforcement ratio in beams was evaluated and results compared with similar beams cast with conventional concrete beams. Cracking, deformations in compression strut, vertical displacements, reinforcement deformation and load failure and failure mode were evaluated. Sixteen 1000 mm long beams with a 150 mm cross sectional width were tested. Eight beams were cast with self compacting concrete and eight with conventional concrete. Both were designed for a concrete fck = 25 MPa. The longitudinal reinforcement of each beam was design to ensure shear failure. Each group consisted of eight beams with four beams had a longitudinal reinforcement ratio of 1.3% and beam depths of 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm and 35 cm in height, and the other four beams had longitudinal reinforcement ratio of 2,3% with the same beam depths. The beams were instrumented with seven LVDT's, five of which were positioned to read vertical displacements and the other two were glued on the side of the beam for measuring crack width and displacements in the compression strut. Four strain gages used in the beam’s longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. The beams were tested to failure with a concentrated load at midspan. The results showed that all the beams failed by crushing of the concrete compression zone above the shear crack. Overall, conventional concrete beams ultimate loads were between 9% and 18% greater than those obtained with the self compacting concrete beams, and the difference was slightly higher in the beams with 1.3% of longitudinal reinforcement ratio. This increased resistance of conventional concrete beams was due to greater aggregate interlock which occurs due to the greater number and larger maximum aggregate size in conventional concrete. Interlock mechanism was also responsible for the largest width of diagonal cracks in conventional concrete beams, on average 21% higher than in self compacting concrete beams, and the ratio between higher ultimate load and load at the first diagonal crack, on average 28% higher. The largest diagonal crack width led the transverse reinforcement of the conventional concrete beams to deform, on average, 64% more than the self compacting concrete beams. All three standards considered (NBR 6118:2007, Eurocode and ACI 318:2011 2:2003) were conservative and underestimated the ultimate shear load, mainly by the fact that in none of them take into account the arching action, which occurs in beams with ratio a/d < 2.5. The average ultimate loads of the beams were 73.1% higher than those calculated by the standards.
Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa experimental sobre cisalhamento em vigas de concreto auto adensável. Foi avaliada a influência da altura da viga e da taxa de armadura longitudinal em vigas e feita uma comparação de resultados com vigas de concreto convencional abordando fissuração, deslocamentos na biela de compressão, deslocamentos verticais, deformação nas armaduras e carga e modo de ruptura. Foram ensaiadas dezesseis vigas com 1000 mm de comprimento e 150 mm de base, sendo que oito vigas foram de concreto auto adensável e oito de concreto convencional. Ambos os concretos foram projetados para um fck = 25 MPa. A armadura longitudinal de cada uma das vigas foi dimensionada pra garantir que houvesse ruptura por cisalhamento. Cada grupo de oito vigas era composto por quatro vigas com taxa de armadura longitudinal de 1,3%, que tinham alturas de 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm e 35 cm, e quatro vigas com taxa de armadura longitudinal de 2,3%, com as mesmas alturas. As vigas foram instrumentadas com sete LVDT’s, sendo que cinco foram posicionados para leitura de deslocamentos verticais e os outros dois foram colados na face lateral da viga para medição da largura de fissuras e de deslocamentos na biela de compressão, e quatro extensômetros elétricos, sendo que dois foram colados na armadura transversal e os outros dois na armadura longitudinal. As vigas foram ensaiadas de uma só vez até a ruptura com uma carga concentrada no meio do vão entre apoios. Os resultados mostraram que todas as vigas romperam por esmagamento do bordo comprimido acima da fissura de cisalhamento. Em geral, as vigas de concreto convencional tiveram cargas de ruptura entre 9% e 18% maiores que as vigas de concreto auto adensável, sendo que a diferença foi ligeiramente maior nas vigas que tinham 1,3% de taxa de armadura longitudinal. Esta maior resistência das vigas de concreto convencional foi atribuída ao maior mecanismo de intertravamento entre agregados graúdos destas vigas, que ocorre devido ao maior número e maior dimensão máxima característica dos agregados. O mecanismo de intertravamento entre agregados também foi o responsável pela maior largura de fissuras diagonais nas vigas de concreto convencional, em média 21% maior que nas vigas de concreto auto adensável, e pela maior relação entre carga de ruptura e carga de surgimento da primeira fissura diagonal, sendo em média 28% maior. A maior largura de fissuras diagonais fez com que a armadura transversal das vigas de concreto convencional deformasse em média 64% mais do que as vigas de concreto auto adensável. Todas as três normas consideradas (NBR 6118:2007, ACI 318:2011 e EUROCODE 2:2003) foram conservadoras e subestimaram a carga de ruptura devido ao esforço cortante, principalmente pelo fato de que em nenhuma delas é levada em consideração a ação de arco, que ocorre em vigas com relação a/d < 2,5. Em média, as cargas de ruptura das vigas foram 73,1% maior que as calculadas pelas normas.