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Journal articles on the topic 'Fistula, Biliary'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Antonacci, Nicola, Giovanni Taffurelli, Riccardo Casadei, Claudio Ricci, Francesco Monari, and Francesco Minni. "Asymptomatic Cholecystocolonic Fistula: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma." Case Reports in Surgery 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/754354.

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Cholecystocolonic fistulas (CCF) are rare complications of gallstones with a variable clinical presentation. Despite modern diagnostic tools, cholecystocolonic fistulas are often asymptomatic and it is difficult to diagnose them preoperatively. Biliary-enteric fistulae have been found in 0.9% of patients undergoing biliary tract surgery. The most common site of communication of the fistula is the cholecystoduodenal (70%), followed by the cholecystocolic (10–20%), and the least common is the cholecystogastric fistula. Herein, we report a case of female patient with multiple episodes of acute recurrent cholangitis due to common bile duct and gallbladder stones in which preoperative imaging studies were negative for cholecystocolonic fistula that was incidentally discovered and treated during surgery and was appropriately treated. A review of the literature is reported too.

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2

Beksac, Kemal, Arman Erkan, and Volkan Kaynaroglu. "Double Incomplete Internal Biliary Fistula: Coexisting Cholecystogastric and Cholecystoduodenal Fistula." Case Reports in Surgery 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5108471.

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Internal biliary fistula is a rare complication of a common surgical disease, cholelithiasis. It is seen in 0.74% of all biliary tract surgeries and is thought to be a result of repeated inflammatory periods of the gallbladder. In this report we present a case of incomplete cholecystogastric and cholecystoduodenal fistulae in a single patient missed by ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and diagnosed intraoperatively. In the literature there is only one report of an incomplete cholecystogastric fistula. To our knowledge this is the first case of double incomplete internal biliary fistulae.

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3

Dadoukis, J., J. Prousalidis, D. Botsios, E. Tzartinoglou, S. Apostolidis, V. Papadopoulos, and H. Aletras. "External Biliary Fistula." HPB Surgery 10, no. 6 (January 1, 1998): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/42791.

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We report 210 cases of external biliary fistula treated in our clinics between 1970–1992. In 7 cases, fistulas were formed after iatrogenic bile duct injury, in 4 cases after exploration of common bile duct, in 4 cases due to disruption of biliary-intestinal anastomosis, and in 2 cases due to liver trauma. In 85 cases bile leak was observed after cholecystomy, in 103 cases after hydatid disease surgery, and in 4 cases after the passage of P.T.C. catheter. In one patient the appearance of the fistula was due to spontaneous discharge of a gallbladder empyema. 173 cases were managed conservatively, and 37 cases surgically.

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4

Moskaliuk, O. P., I. V. Shkvarkovskiy, I. A. Bryndak, V. J. Kachmar, and Ya V. Kulachek. "EFFECTIVENESS OF ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF BILIARY FISTULAS." Kharkiv Surgical School, no. 5-6 (December 25, 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37699/2308-7005.5-6.2019.02.

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Abstract. Despite the great experience in biliary surgery, the total frequency of iatrogenic bile duct lesions, accompanied by the formation of biliary fistulas, reaches 2%. The aim of the study is to analyze the results of endoscopic treatment of patients with biliary fistulas after cholecystectomy. Materials and methods of research. The results of endoscopic treatment of 19 patients with biliary fistulas that occurred after cholecystectomy were studied. Women were 11 (57.9%), men – 8 (42.1%). Research results. The reason of the formation of bile fistula was biliary hypertension in case of choledocholithiasis in 14 (73.6%) patients. Endoscopic papillosphincterectomy was performed to restore the free passage of bile into the duodenum. Lithoextraction with balloon was carried out in 11 (57.9%) patients, and in 3 (15.8%) patients was used litoextraction with basket. Endobiliary drainage was performed in 5 (26.3%) patients. Conducting decompression of bile ducts in all cases of type A fistulas resulted in the cessation of bile fistula the day after surgery. Conclusions. ERCP is a highly effective method for treating biliary fistulas, which identifies the location of leakage of bile, and restoring of bile flowing to the duodenum helps to heal the fistula.

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5

Sharma, Narayan Swarop, Ram Gopal Sharma, Narender Sing, Kiran Singal, and Kunal Chowdhary. "Cholecystocolic Fistula: A Diagnostic Dilemma." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 3 (June 15, 2014): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i3.19156.

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Cholecystocolic fistula is a rare biliary-enteric fistula with a variable clinical presentation. Despite modern diagnostic tools a high degree of suspicion is required to diagnose it preoperatively1,2. Biliary-enteric fistulae have been found in 0.9% of patients undergoing biliary tract surgery. The most common site of communication of the fistula is a cholecystoduodenal (70%), followed by cholecystocolic (10-20%), and the least common is the cholecystogastric fistula accounting for the remainder of the cases. Even a case of choledochocolonic fistula through a cystic duct remnant has been reported3. These fistulae are treated by open as well as laparoscopic surgery with no difference in intraoperative and postoperative complications. We report a case of obstructive jaundice, which was relieved by itself and was investigated with abdominal ultrasonography and routine investigations but none of these gave us any clue to the presence of the fistula which was discovered incidentally during an open surgery and was appropriately treated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i3.19156 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(3) 2014 p.329-331

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6

Yamashita, Hiroyuki, Kazuo Chijiiwa, Yoshiaki Ogawa, Syoji Kuroki, and Masao Tanaka. "The Internal Biliary Fistula – Reappraisal of Incidence, Type, Diagnosis and Management of 33 Consecutive Cases." HPB Surgery 10, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/95363.

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To reevaluate the current features of spontaneous internal biliary fistulas, we reviewed 1,929 consecutive patients who had been treated for biliary tract diseases during the recent 12-year period. Thirty-three patients had internal biliary fistulas and the incidence was 1.9%. Of 33 patients, 20 were women and 13 were men with the average age 63 years, and their mean duration of illness was 4 years. A total of 37 fistulas were found and the most common type was choledochoduodenal (62%), followed by cholecystoduodenal (19%), cholecystocholedochal (11%) and cholecystocolonic (8%) fistulas. Internal biliary fistulas of thirty-one patients were caused by biliary stones and those of two patients by malignant tumors. All of the 17 bile samples examined were bacteria positive and the majority of calculi were brown pigment stones. All of the choledochoduodenal fistulas were correctly diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. In 14 patients with cholecystoenteric or cholecystocholedochal fistulas, direct evidence of the internal fistula was obtained only in 7 patients (50%) preoperatively. Pneumobilia, a small atrophic gallbladder adherent to the neighboring organs and a history of spontaneous disappearance of jaundice in elderly patients may indicate the presence of a cholecystoentric fistula. Since the preoperative diagnostic rate for internal biliary fistula involving the gallbladder is still low, care is necessary before and at the time of surgery especially during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for elderly patients with cholelithiasis.

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7

Crnjac, Anton, Vid Pivec, and Arpad Ivanecz. "Thoracobiliary fistulas: literature review and a case report of fistula closure with omentum majus." Radiology and Oncology 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raon-2013-0003.

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Abstract Background. Thoracobiliary fistulas are pathological communications between the biliary tract and the bronchial tree (bronchobiliary fistulas) or the biliary tract and the pleural space (pleurobiliary fistulas). Review of the literature. We have reviewed aetiology, pathogenesis, predilection formation points, the clinical picture, diagnostic possibilities, and therapeutic options for thoracobiliary fistulas. Case report. A patient with an iatrogenic bronchobiliary fistula which developed after radiofrequency ablation of a colorectal carcinoma metastasis of the liver is present. We also describe the closure of the bronchobiliary fistula with the greater omentum as a possible manner of fistula closure, which was not reported previously according to the knowledge of the authors. Conclusions. Newer papers report of successful non-surgical therapy, although the bulk of the literature advocates surgical therapy. Fistula closure with the greater omentum is a possible method of the thoracobiliary fistula treatment.

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8

de Monti, Marco, Davide Sonnino, Marina Gorziglia, Giorgio Redaelll, and Marcello Scarpis. "Endoscopic Treatment of Postoperative External Biliary Fistula in a Patient Operated on for Hepatic Injury Due to Multiple Trauma." Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/dte.3.67.

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After surgery for hepatic injury as a result of blunt abdominal trauma from a motorcycle accident, an external biliary fistula developed in a young patient. The authors describe the rapid and complete healing of the fistula by use of a nasobiliary catheter. These findings emphasize the importance of endoscopic operative technique for postoperative and traumatic external biliary fistulas.

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9

Oikarinen, H., M. Päivänsalo, T. Tikkakoski, and A. Saarela. "Radiological Findings in Biliary Fistula and Gallstone Ileus." Acta Radiologica 37, no. 3P2 (May 1996): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02841851960373p295.

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Purpose: Biliary fistula and gallstone ileus are rarely found. The diagnosis is difficult and may be delayed until operation. We reviewed the radiological findings in a retrospective material. Material and Methods: The cases of 16 patients treated for biliary fistula were analyzed with respect to findings at imaging. Ten patients had a spontaneous fistula. Nine of them had an internal bilioduodenal fistula and one had an external fistula with stones passing through a subcutaneous abscess. Five patients also had gallstone ileus and one patient a rare gastric outlet obstruction caused by a gallstone (Bouveret's syndrome). Six patients had an iatrogenic fistula. One of them had internal bile ascites and 5 an external fistula, one of which was a biliocystic fistula resulting from attempted hepatic cyst sclerotherapy. Results: Various imaging modalities were used and there was often a delay in the diagnosis. Imaging did not show the fistula itself in any of the spontaneous cases. However, a nonvisualized or shrunken gallbladder seen at US often coexisted in these cases. CT yielded the diagnosis in one case of gallstone ileus, and a Gastrografin meal yielded it in the case of Bouveret's syndrome. Fistulography and cholangiography provided a correct diagnosis of fistula in all cases of iatrogenic biliocutaneous fistulas. Conclusion: Patients with biliary fistula usually undergo examinations with nonspecific results. The imaging findings could be more specific if the possibility of this diagnosis were remembered.

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10

Collie, D. A., D. N. Redhead, and O. J. Garden. "Cholecystobronchocolic Fistula: A Late Complication of Biliary Sepsis." HPB Surgery 7, no. 4 (January 1, 1994): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/39724.

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A case of a 48 year old woman presenting with bilioptysis due to a cholecystobronchocolic fistula is reported. Bilioptysis is a rare complication of biliary fistulae, with a high mortality due to chemical pneumonitis. Bronchospasm and rapid respiratory failure may ensue if aggressive management is not adopted. The site of fistulation is established by cholangiography, preferably by the percutaneous transhepatic route. Continued biliary drainage can lead to closure of these fistulae, or allow sufficient improvement in clinical condition to allow definitive surgery to be performed electively.

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11

Abbey, Rajesh. "Spontaneous Cholecystocutaneous Fistula." International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences 1, no. 4 (2016): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10050-10062.

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ABSTRACT Spontaneous biliary fistulae are encountered, not very rarely, in one's surgical practice. These fistulae are of three types: Internal, external, and combined. Internal spontaneous biliary fistulae are the commonest. External fistulae could be spontaneous or because of therapeutic, iatrogenic, or traumatic reasons are extremely rare. Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula (SCCF), secondary to calculous cholecystitis, is an extremely rare presentation in the present-day scenario. It used to be quite common before the year 1900, but is very rare now because of better management of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Usually, SCCF is a complication of neglected chronic cholelithiasis. This is seldom seen today because of the early diagnosis and better management made feasible by ultrasound as first-line investigation, broad spectrum antibiotics, and effective surgical management of biliary tract diseases. It is a very rare case of 35-year-old female patient presenting in the outpatient department, with the multiple stones carefully preserved, which she had been extruding through the fistulous opening in the umbilicus, for the last 1 year. She was investigated and was operated for the same condition. Though the entity is very rare, clinicians should keep this condition in mind while examining any case of chronic discharging sinus or fistula on the abdominal wall, particularly the wound extruding stones in which case the diagnosis is selfrevealing. In the absence of positive history of expelling stones, the diagnosis can be confirmed by computerized tomogram fistulography. Though the early diagnosis and improvement in the management of gallbladder disease has improved tremendously, the possibility of this condition arising mostly from the neglected gallbladder disease should always be kept in mind as such cases are again being reported from all over the world. How to cite this article Abbey R. Spontaneous Cholecystocutaneous Fistula. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016; 1(4):196-198.

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12

Pasternak, Grzegorz, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, David Aebisher, and Rafał Filip. "Crohn’s disease complicated with a bladder-fistula – a case report." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 19, no. 1 (2021): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2021.1.10.

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Introduction. Entero-bladder fistula (fistula entero-vesicalis) is a pathological connection between the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract and the bladder. Entero-bladder fistulas are not a common condition. The main reason for the formation of entero- bladder fistulas are intestinal diseases occurring within the intestinal loop adjacent to the bladder resulting in the formation of an abnormal channel, the connection between the above structures Aim. The aim is to present the causes of the fistulas can be divided into congenital and acquired (intestinal infection, cancer, Crohn’s disease, resulting from trauma and iatrogenic). Clinical manifestations of the biliary-bullous fistulae may be from the digestive or urinary tract. The most characteristic ailments are pneumaturia, fecuria, urge to urinate, frequent urination, lower abdominal pain, hematuria, urinary tract infection. Description of the case. The article discusses the case of a patient with Leśniowski-Crohn disease complicated with a bladder- fistula. The treatment of entero-bladder fistulas is primarily surgical, it consists in resection of the fistula together with resection of the affected intestine and bladder wall fragment. Conclusion. The test confirming the presence of an entero-bladder fistula is a test with oral administration of poppies, although it happens that the test result may be negative, especially in the case of a bladder-follicular fistula. Among the tests useful in the diagnosis of entero-bladder fistula include abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic tests (colonoscopy or cystoscopy).

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13

SHIRBUR, SN, H. RAMACHANDRAN, S. GOKHALE, and JJJ FALLEIRO. "UNUSUAL BILIARY FISTULA." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 57, no. 2 (April 2001): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(01)80146-5.

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14

Smyth, Justin, Bobby V. M. Dasari, and Robert Hannon. "Biliary-Colonic Fistula." Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 9, no. 10 (October 2011): A26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2011.04.015.

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15

Ragozzino, A., R. De Rosa, R. Galdiero, A. Maio, and G. Manes. "Bronchobiliary fistula evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging." Acta Radiologica 46, no. 5 (August 2005): 452–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850510021544.

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Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare disorder consisting of a passageway between the biliary ducts and the bronchial tree. Many conditions may give rise to this development. Management of these fistulas is often difficult and can be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We present a case of BBF developing after hemihepatectomy in a 74-year-old man treated with endoscopic biliary drainage and illustrate MRCP findings.

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16

Wercka, Janaina, Patricia Paola Cagol, André Luiz Parizi Melo, Giovani de Figueiredo Locks, Orli Franzon, and Nicolau Fernandes Kruel. "Epidemiology and outcome of patients with postoperative abdominal fistula." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 43, no. 2 (April 2016): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912016002008.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to present the epidemiological profile, incidence and outcome of patients who developing postoperative abdominal fistula. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, prospective study evaluated patients undergoing abdominal surgery. We studied the epidemiological profile, the incidence of postoperative fistulas and their characteristics, the outcome of this complication and the predictors of mortality. Results: The sample consisted of 1,148 patients. The incidence of fistula was 5.5%. There was predominance of biliary fistula (26%), followed by colonic fistulas (22%) and stomach (15%). The average time to onset of fistula was 6.3 days. For closure, the average was 25.6 days. The mortality rate of patients with fistula was 25.4%. Predictors of mortality in patients who developed fistula were age over 60 years, presence of comorbidities, fistula closure time more than 19 days, no spontaneous closure of the fistula, malnutrition, sepsis and need for admission to the Intensive Care Unit Conclusion: abdominal postoperative fistulas are still relatively frequent and associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

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17

Vadioaloo, Dinesh Kumar, Guo Hou Loo, Voon Meng Leow, and Manisekar Subramaniam. "Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a rare complication of cholecystoduodenal fistula." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 5 (May 2019): e228654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228654.

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A biliary fistula which may occur spontaneously or after surgery, is an abnormal communication from the biliary system to an organ, cavity or free surface. Spontaneous biliary-enteric fistula is a rare complication of gallbladder pathology, with over 90% of them secondary to cholelithiasis. Approximately 6% are due to perforating peptic ulcers. Symptoms of biliary-enteric fistula varies widely and usually non-specific, mimicking any chronic biliary disease. Cholecystoduodenal fistula causing severe upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleed is very rare. Bleeding cholecystoduodenal fistula commonly requires surgical resection of the fistula and repair of the duodenal perforation. We describe the case of a previously healthy older patient who initially presented with symptoms suggestive of UGI bleeding. Bleeding could not be controlled endoscopically. When a laparotomy was performed, a cholecystoduodenal fistula was discovered and bleeding was noted to originate from the superficial branch of cystic artery.

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18

Kuo, Yow-Chii, and Cheng-Shyoung Wu. "Spontaneous Cutaneous Biliary Fistula." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 12, no. 4 (August 1990): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004836-199008000-00020.

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19

del Hoyo Aretxabala, Izaskun, Pilar Gómez García, M. Inmaculada Concepción Cruz González, and Sandra Ruiz Carballo. "Post-cholecystectomy Biliary Fistula." Cirugía Española (English Edition) 93, no. 2 (February 2015): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cireng.2014.12.007.

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20

Manipadam, John, Mahesh S., Jacob Kadamapuzha, and Ramesh H. "The Effect of Preoperative Biliary and Pancreatic Drainage on Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Surgery Journal 04, no. 01 (January 2018): e37-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1639343.

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Background Surgeons and endoscopists welcome routine preoperative biliary drainage prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy despite evidence that it increases complications. Its effect on postoperative pancreatic fistula is variably reported in literature. Simultaneous biliary and pancreatic drainage is rarely performed for very selected indications and its effects on postoperative pancreatic fistula are largely unknown. Our aim was to analyze the same while eliminating confounding factors. Methods Retrospective single center cohort study of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy over the past 10 years for carcinoma obstructing the lower common bile duct. Patients who underwent biliary stenting alone, biliary and pancreatic stenting, and no stenting prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy were the three study cohort groups and their records were scrutinized for the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula. Results Sixty-two patients underwent biliary stenting alone, 5 patients underwent both biliary and pancreatic stenting, and 237 patients were not stented in the adenocarcinoma group without chronic pancreatitis. The pancreatic fistula rate was similar in the patients who underwent biliary stenting alone when compared with the group which was not stented. (24/62 versus 67/237, odds ratio [OR] =0.619, confidence interval (CI) =0.345–1.112, p = 0.121). However, the patients who underwent both biliary and pancreatic stenting had a significant increase in postoperative pancreatic fistula compared with the not stented (p = 0.003). By univariate and multivariate analysis using Firth logistic regression, pancreatic texture (OR = 1.205, CI = 0.103–2.476, p = 0.032) and the presence of a biliary and pancreatic stent (OR = 2.695, CI = 0.273–7.617, p = 0.027) were the significant factors affecting pancreatic fistula. Conclusion Preoperative biliary drainage alone has no significant influence on postoperative pancreatic fistula except when combined with pancreatic stenting. We need more such studies from other centers to confirm that the rare event of preoperative biliary and pancreatic stenting has indeed this harmful effect on healing of postoperative pancreatic anastomosis.

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21

Mubarak, Ali Kirih, Junhao Zheng, Jingwei Cai, Yangyang Xie, Ali Abdi Faisa, Liye Tao, and Liang Xiao. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Laparoscopic Cholecystocolonic Fistula and Cholestoenteric Fistula." Journal of Clinical Cases & Reports 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/joccr.2020.3-1069.

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Combined with a specific case, CT diagnosis of biliary-intestinal fistula with gallstone intestinal obstruction was analyzed. It was concluded that abdominal plain film was used to diagnose gallstone intestinal obstruction. The key is to observe whether there are positive stones and pneumogallstone in the intestine. The specific imaging features can be obtained by CT diagnosis of cholecystoenteric fistula and surgical treatment of laparoscopic cholecystocolonic fistula.

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22

Garale, Mahadeo Namdeo, Yogesh Prabhakar Takalkar, and Karthik Venkatramani. "Clinical study of enterocutaneous fistula." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 9 (August 24, 2017): 2972. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173705.

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Background: An enterocutaneous fistulae (ECF) may be challenging to manage due to the large volume of fluid losses, that may result in severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition and sepsis. It is imperative that this group of patients receive adequate nutrition, as malnutrition and sepsis are the leading cause of death.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted prospectively in the Department of Surgery between September 2004 and August 2010. Patients whom develop ECF after surgery were included in the study while patients with esophageal, biliary, pancreatic, and perianal fistulas were excluded. The description of fistula included cause, anatomical location, fistula output, complications, and outcome. Fistula output was quantified by direct measurement, in the presence of drain or by calculating number of dressing pads soaked per day. To examine the statistical significance of association between attributes, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used. A probability value of less than 5% (P < 0.05) was considered significant.Results: A total of 42 patients were included in the study, of which 23 were males and 19 were females and the male:female ratio was 1.2:1. Most patients with ECF were aged 41-50 (mean age, 44.23±2.72). Of the 42 patients, 9 patients had colonic fistula and the remaining had small intestinal fistula; 16 ileal, 5 duodenal, and 12 jejunal. There were 22 patients with high-output fistula as compared to 20 patients with low output fistula. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with males, age >60 years, high-output fistula, mesenteric ischemia as underlying pathology, serum albumin <2.5g/dl and re-surgery.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and stabilization form key aspects of management of ECF as most patients are managed conservatively. Prompt nutritional supplementation alters the outcome of this disease. High output fistulae required mostly surgical management and had high morbidity and mortality.

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23

Scanlon, Samantha, Karthik Ravi, and Mark Topazian. "Biliary Venous Fistula after Percutaneous Biliary Drain Placement." American Journal of Gastroenterology 103 (September 2008): S286. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-200809001-00729.

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24

Thangavelu, Pugazhendhi, Manoj Munirathinam, and Ratnakar Kini. "Bilioptysis – Two Case Reports of Broncho Biliary Fistula." Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 08, no. 04 (October 2017): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jde.jde_6_17.

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ABSTRACTBronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a tract between the biliary system and bronchial tree with the presence of bile in the bronchus and the sputum. They are rare but serious complications. In most cases, they are caused by hepatic or subphrenic abscesses, resulting from different conditions. Pulmonary symptoms dominate the clinical picture, and the main manifestations are chronic irritant cough, production of greenish sputum, bronchopneumonia, and dyspnea. The diagnosis of BBF can be confirmed by imaging procedures such as biliary scintigraphy with hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Bronchoscopy can demonstrate the presence of bile in the bronchial tree and may delineate the site of fistula. The treatment strategy for patients with BBF and biliary tract obstruction is the reestablishment of bile drainage, which allows the fistula to heal by reducing intrabiliary pressure. We present two cases of biliary-bronchial fistula, one related to hepatic abscess and the other due to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for common bile duct obstruction secondary to inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

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25

Singh, V., L. K. Kacker, S. S. Sikora, R. Saxena, V. K. Kapoor, and S. P. Kaushik. "POST-CHOLECYSTECTOMY EXTERNAL BILIARY FISTULA." ANZ Journal of Surgery 67, no. 4 (April 1997): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1997.tb01933.x.

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26

BOULANGER, SCOT, CARMINE M. VOLPE, ASAD ULLAH, VIVIAN LINDFIELD, and RALPH DOERR. "Pancreatic Pseudocyst With Biliary Fistula." Southern Medical Journal 94, no. 3 (March 2001): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200103000-00016.

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BOULANGER, SCOT, CARMINE M. VOLPE, ASAD ULLAH, VIVIAN LINDFIELD, and RALPH DOERR. "Pancreatic Pseudocyst With Biliary Fistula." Southern Medical Journal 94, no. 3 (March 2001): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200194030-00016.

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28

MITTAL, B. R., M. D. IBRARULLAH, S. S. SIKORA, and B. K. DAS. "Internal Biliary Fistula After Cholecystectomy." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 18, no. 12 (December 1993): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199312000-00020.

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29

Mounsey, Molly, Jessica Martinolich, Olatoye Olutola, and Marcel Tafen. "Minimally invasive management of traumatic biliary fistula in the setting of gastric bypass." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 4 (April 2021): e238002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-238002.

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The current management of persistent biliary fistula includes biliary stenting and peritoneal drainage. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is preferred over percutaneous techniques and surgery. However, in patients with modified gastric anatomy, ERCP may not be feasible without added morbidity. We describe a 37-year-old woman with traumatic biliary fistula, large volume choleperitonitis and abdominal compartment syndrome following a motor vehicle collision who was treated with laparoscopic drainage, lavage and biliary drain placement via percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.

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Dinakar Reddy, A., and Anuroop Thota. "Cysto-biliary communication (CBC) in hepatic hydatidosis: predictors, management and outcome." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20185084.

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Background: Liver hydatidosis is a common health problem in endemic areas. Cystobiliary communication is the most common complication of liver hydatid.Methods: Cases of liver hydatid operated during the period June 2012 to July 2018 were retrospectively assessed. Patients diagnosed with cystobiliary communication (preoperatively, intraoperatively or postoperatively) were analysed. Demographics, laboratory tests were noted. Computed tomographic (CT) findings including size, location, Gharbi’s type, presence of intrahepatic biliary radical dilatation, CHD and CBD dilatation were noted. Intraoperative findings were noted. Postoperative outcomes and any intervention if done were noted. Results were analysed.Results: Around 108 patients with liver hydatid underwent surgical intervention. Of which 20 (18.5%) patients were found to have cystobiliary communication. Mean cyst size was 8cms. Location of cyst in segment IV and V commonly. 8 patients were diagnosed preoperatively by elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase and on contrast enhanced computerized tomography. Out of 8, 4 patients underwent preop ERCP and stenting, followed by surgery and the other 4 underwent direct surgery with CBD exploration. 4 were diagnosed intraoperatively and the fistula site sutured. But 2 patients had postop biliary fistula which required postop ERC and stenting. Remaining 8 presented postoperatively with biliary fistula. Of 8 patients, 2 had major and 6 had minor fistulas. Postoperative mortality was 0%.Conclusions: Cystobiliary communication is more common in males with large cyst size, located in the central segments of liver close to biliary confluence, Gharbi type IV cysts. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management decrease the morbidity and mortality.

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Chaitowitz, IM, R. Heng, and KW Bell. "Management of iatrogenic porto-biliary fistula following biliary stent." Australasian Radiology 51 (November 6, 2007): B316—B318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.2007.01767.x.

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Triller, Jürgen, Adrian Schmassmann, Walter Schweizer, and Abraham Czerniak. "Combined Interventional Radiological and Endoscopical Approach for the Treatment of a Postoperative Biliary Stricture and Fistula." HPB Surgery 8, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/48252.

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A 43-year old woman was admitted 11 days after open cholecystectomy with a iatrogenic bile duct injury. On admission the patient showed an uncontrolled biliary fistula through an external drain placed at an emergency laparotomy for biliary peritonitis with fever and jaundice. PTC showed a biliary stricture type II (Bismuth). A percutaneous drainage was performed to decompress the biliary system. Three weeks later, percutaneous balloon dilatation of the stricture was performed. However, bile leakage persisted. In a combined transhepatic/ endoscopic procedure, the percutaneous biliary drainage was replaced by a nasobiliary tube. One week later, no stricture was found and the biliary leak was sealed. The patient could be discharged without symptoms or signs of cholestasis. The multidisciplinary management of post-operative biliary fistula is presented, comparing the role of interventional radiology, endoscopy and surgery.

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Misra, Deeksha, Usman Mirza, Anusha Vakiti, and Sandeep Anand Padala. "A Rare Presentation of Choledochoduodenal Fistula Due to Ovarian Cancer Metastasis." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 232470962093468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2324709620934680.

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Choledochoduodenal fistula (CDF) is an abnormal communication between the common bile duct and the duodenum. It accounts for about 5% to 25% of the total biliary fistulas and is usually due to a perforated duodenal ulcer, choledocholithiasis, and complications secondary to tuberculosis or could be iatrogenic. Primary intrabilliary tumors usually cause obstructive jaundice and rarely biliary metastasis arising from other organs like colon, breast, and lungs can cause obstructive jaundice. There has been a case report of metastasis from ovarian cancer to the major papilla of the duodenum but no reported cases of it causing a CDF. We report a rare case of an 83-year-old female with ovarian cancer who developed a metastatic lesion to the duodenum eventually resulting in a CDF.

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Mauduit, Marion, Simon Rouze, Kathleen Turner, Bertrand de Latour, and Jean-Philippe Verhoye. "Combined thoracic and hepatobiliary surgery for iatrogenic bronchobiliary fistula." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 26, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0218492317745747.

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Bronchobiliary fistula is a rare pathology mainly caused by hepatic tumors, bile duct obstruction, or hepatic hydatid disease. A 70-year-old man developed a bronchobiliary fistula after biliary stenting. After failure of conservative treatment including endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage, he underwent a combined operation with a two-level approach. Both a thoracotomy and laparotomy were performed, allowing pulmonary resection, diaphragmatic repair, and bile duct reconstruction during the same operation. Postoperative follow-up at one year showed optimal healing of the fistula.

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Shah, Apurva S., and Shravan Bohra. "Large Amoebic Liver Abscess with Persistent Biliary Fistula." Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 09, no. 02 (April 2018): 077–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jde.jde_56_17.

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ABSTRACT Liver abscess with biliary communication poses management problem if percutaneous drainage is performed. We report a case of large amoebic liver abscess (ALA) with jaundice. Prolonged high‑output bile drainage after percutaneous drainage of ALA showed suspicion of communication of abscess with intrahepatic bile ducts (biliary fistula). The same was managed successfully with endoscopic biliary stent placement with medical management.

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Schmitz, Daniel, Massimiliano Mutignani, Ulf Peter Neumann, Mark Oliver Wielpütz, Friedrich Hagenmüller, Jochen Rudi, and De-Hua Chang. "Percutaneous Embolization of Biliary Leaks: A Systematic Interdisciplinary Review and Proposal for a New Classification." Digestive Disease Interventions 04, no. 02 (May 26, 2020): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712974.

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Abstract Objectives Biliary leak can be treated by percutaneous biliary embolization. The aim of this systematic interdisciplinary review was to analyze available reports on percutaneous embolization of biliary leak. Methods We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to perform literature database search. The following terms were systematically analyzed: type of embolic agent, success rates, embolization-related adverse events, cause of biliary leak, fistula connection type, anatomic bile duct variants, and access routes. Results Of 713 publications identified, 45 reports with 101 patients were included. Six temporary and 4 permanent embolic agents were used in 55/101 (54.5%) and 46/101 (45.5%) patients; combined in 18/101 patients (17.8%). Bile leak was successfully embolized in 97/101 (96.0%) patients, in 48/101 (47.5%) patients after repeated procedures with the same agent, and in 4/101 (3.9%) patients after a failed embolization with other agents: isolated bile duct fistula (n = 2), intrahepatic fistula after liver resection, and biliary-bronchial fistula. Five types of biliary leak were associated with the following success rates: (A) common bile duct (CBD) or cystic duct: 4/4 (100%); (B) intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD), communicating with CBD: 16/18 (88.9%); (C) isolated IHBD: 49/51 (96%); (D) CBD or cystic duct, bile duct system (BDS) not accessible by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): 7/7 (100%); and (E) IHBD, communicating with CBD, BDS not accessible by ERCP: 9/9 (100%). Conclusions Embolization was highly successful without clear preference for one embolic agent. A new classification of biliary leak is proposed to direct nonsurgical treatments.

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Adzic-Vukicevic, Tatjana, Ana Blanka, Aleksandra Ilic, Snezana Raljevic, Ruzica Maksimovic, and Srdjan Djuranovic. "Conservative treatment of bronchobiliary fistula evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging." Vojnosanitetski pregled 72, no. 10 (2015): 942–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp140311048a.

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Introduction. Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a pathological communication between the bronchial system and the biliary tree that presents with bilioptysis. Many conditions can cause its development. There is still no optimal therapy for BBF. Conservative treatment is rarely indicated, as was published before in a few cases. Case report. We presented a 71-year-old Caucasian Serbian woman with BBF secondary to previous laparotomy due to multiple echinococcus liver cysts. The diagnosis was established by the presence of bilirubin and bile acids in sputum and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). A repeat MRCP performed after conservative procedure, did not reveal fistulous communication. Conclusion. We suggest that in small and less severe fistulas between the biliary and the bronchial tract, conservative treatment may be used successfully, and invasive treatment methods are not needed in all patients.

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MIURA, Yoshio, Tuneo TANAKA, Yasuyuki ICHIBA, Yasushi FUJII, Hiroshi YAHATA, Osamu KODAMA, Toshimasa ASAHARA, and Kiyohiko DOHI. "SIX CASES OF BILIARY ENTERIC FISTULA." Journal of the Japanese Practical Surgeon Society 51, no. 10 (1990): 2252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3919/ringe1963.51.2252.

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Marshall, T., K. Kamalvand, and S. R. Cairns. "Endoscopic treatment of biliary enteric fistula." BMJ 300, no. 6733 (May 5, 1990): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.300.6733.1176.

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Sides, A. A., R. M. Bright, and J. Mortimer. "Umbilico-biliary fistula in a dog." Journal of Small Animal Practice 45, no. 10 (October 2004): 504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00196.x.

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Distefano, M., G. Bonanno, and A. Russo. "Biliocutaneous Fistula Following Biliary Stent Migration." Endoscopy 33, no. 1 (January 2001): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-17404.

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Leung, J. W. C., S. C. S. Chung, J. Y. Sung, C. Metreweli, and N. Soehendra. "Endoscopic management of postoperative biliary fistula." Surgical Endoscopy 2, no. 3 (October 1988): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02498798.

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Shimono, T., K. Nishimura, and K. Hayakawa. "CT imaging of biliary enteric fistula." Abdominal Imaging 23, no. 2 (March 1998): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900314.

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Moreira, V. F., C. Arocena, F. Cruz, M. Alvarez, and A. L. San Roman. "Bronchobiliary fistula secondary to biliary lithiasis." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 39, no. 9 (September 1994): 1994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02088137.

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45

Rice, Samuel L., Patrick H. Dinkelborg, Leah R. Flood, and William Alago. "Minimally Invasive Treatment of a Bronchobiliary Fistula that Developed Secondary to Chemotherapy-induced Stricturing." American Journal of Interventional Radiology 2 (August 13, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ajir-29-2018.

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A bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare abnormal communication between the biliary tree and bronchial system. The majority of cases are the result of biliary obstruction or injury, with the major symptomatology of cough and biliptysis. The initial management of BBFs is variable but aims to decompress the biliary system allowing for diversion and passive healing of the fistula tract. Definitive management is with surgical fistulectomy. New minimally invasive therapeutic approaches utilizing endoscopic or percutaneous methodology have been described with some success. We present the successful treatment of a BBF that developed secondary to chemotherapy-induced biliary stricturing (CIBS) with a novel percutaneous embolization approach using a vascular plug and liquid embolic agent.

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Urban, Cícero de Andrade, Linei Augusta Brolini Dellê Urban, Rubens Silveira de Lima, and Luiz Fernando Bleggi-Torres. "Fístulas Biliares em Combinação Espontânea Interna e Externa Associadas a Cálculos e Glimatose de Vesícula Biliar." Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia 47, no. 3 (September 28, 2001): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2001v47n3.2305.

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Spontaneous combined internal and external biliary fistula is a very rare complication of biliary tract disease. Only two previous cases have been reported so far, and all of them with previous episodes of acute cholecystitis, treated without surgery. We describe a 27-year-old female patient (the younger reported to date) who presented with a long history of neglected gallbladder inflammation complicated by neuroglial implants on the peritoneum and on the gallbladder wall due to an ovarian teratoma. She had spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula and cholecystocolic fistula that were successfully treated by cholecystectomy and excision of the fistulous tract.

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Jagielski, Mateusz, Michał Zieliński, Jacek Piątkowski, and Marek Jackowski. "Serious Complications of EUS-Guided Hepaticoesophagostomy due to Transmural Stent Migration." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2021 (July 31, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4639286.

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Thoracic complications, such as biliopleural fistula and bile leaking into the right pleural cavity, are serious adverse events of transmural endoscopic ultrasound- (EUS-) guided biliary drainage involving EUS-guided hepaticoesophagostomy (EUS-HES). In this article, the authors present endoscopic treatment of biliopleural fistula as a serious thoracic complication of EUS-HES. The authors highlight key components of EUS-guided transmural biliary drainage and their experience with particular emphasis on endoscopic treatment of thoracic complications.

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Shrestha, Anup, Abhishek Bhattarai, Kesh Maya Gurung, and Manoj Chand. "A Rare complication of Cholelithiasis: Cholecystocolic Fistula – Case Report." Med Phoenix 6, no. 1 (July 19, 2021): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/medphoenix.v6i1.36379.

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Although the pre-operative diagnosis of the cholecystocolic fistula has been reported, yet it is by no means a common finding. Cholecystocolic fistula is the second most type of biliary enteric fistula after cholecystoduodenal fistula. Cholecystogastric fistula is least commonly reported. We report our experience with cholecystocolic fistula discovered on imaging which was subsequently confirmed through surgery. The standard treatment for CCF is open cholecystectomy and closure of the fistula. Failure to identify preoperatively or intra-operatively can lead to various complications.

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Ali, Jaber A. Al, Henry Chung, Peter L. Munk, and Michael F. Byrne. "Pancreatic Pseudocyst with Fistula to the Common Bile Duct Resolved by Combined Biliary and Pancreatic Stenting – A Case Report and Literature Review." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 23, no. 8 (2009): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/597208.

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Pancreatic pseudocysts develop in 10% to 20% of patients with chronic pancreatitis, and can cause a variety of complications such as infection, bleeding or development of fistulae. However, fistulous communication with the common bile duct is very rare. The present report describes an unusual case of a patient with a large, symptomatic pancreatic pseudocyst with a fistula to the common bile duct that was treated successfully by combined biliary and pancreatic stenting.

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Surman, Andrew M., Miles B. Conrad, Christopher F. Barnett, John S. MacGregor, Sujal Nanavati, and Mark W. Wilson. "Biliary Cardiac Tamponade as a Result of Iatrogenic Biliary-Pericardial Fistula." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 24, no. 12 (December 2013): 1925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2013.08.003.

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