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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fitness cost

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fitness cost'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fitness cost"

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Cong, Mian-er, Walid Heneine, and J. Gerardo García-Lerma. "The Fitness Cost of Mutations Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance Is Modulated by Mutational Interactions." Journal of Virology 81, no. 6 (2006): 3037–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02712-06.

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ABSTRACT It is generally accepted that the fitness cost of resistance mutations plays a role in the persistence of transmitted drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and that mutations that confer a high fitness cost are less able to persist in the absence of drug pressure. Here, we show that the fitness cost of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations can vary within a 72-fold range. We also demonstrate that the fitness cost of M184V and K70R can be decreased or enhanced by other resistance mutations such as D67N and K219Q. We conclude that the persistence of transmitted RT mutants mi

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Turner, Paul E., and Santiago F. Elena. "Cost of Host Radiation in an RNA Virus." Genetics 156, no. 4 (2000): 1465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/156.4.1465.

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AbstractAlthough host radiation allows a parasite to expand its ecological niche, traits governing the infection of multiple host types can decrease fitness in the original or alternate host environments. Reasons for this reduction in fitness include slower replication due to added genetic material or modifications, fitness trade-offs across host environments, and weaker selection resulting from simultaneous adaptation to multiple habitats. We examined the consequences of host radiation using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and mammalian host cells in tissue culture. Replicate populations of

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Praski Alzrigat, Lisa, Douglas L. Huseby, Gerrit Brandis, and Diarmaid Hughes. "Resistance/fitness trade-off is a barrier to the evolution of MarR inactivation mutants in Escherichia coli." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, no. 1 (2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa417.

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Abstract Background Mutations that inactivate MarR reduce susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and competitive growth fitness in Escherichia coli. Both phenotypes are caused by overexpression of the MarA regulon, which includes the AcrAB-TolC drug efflux pump. Objectives We asked whether compensatory evolution could reduce the fitness cost of MarR-inactivating mutations without affecting resistance to ciprofloxacin. Methods The cost of overexpressing the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump was measured independently of MarA overexpression. Experimental evolution of MarR-inactive strains was used to select mutan

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LaMarre, Jacqueline M., Jeffrey B. Locke, Karen J. Shaw, and Alexander S. Mankin. "Low Fitness Cost of the Multidrug Resistance Genecfr." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 8 (2011): 3714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00153-11.

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ABSTRACTThe recently described rRNA methyltransferase Cfr that methylates the conserved 23S rRNA residue A2503, located in a functionally critical region of the ribosome, confers resistance to an array of ribosomal antibiotics, including linezolid. A number of reports of linezolid-resistantcfr-positive clinical strains indicate the possible rapid spread of this resistance mechanism. Since the rate of dissemination and the efficiency of maintenance of a resistance gene depend on the fitness cost associated with its acquisition, we investigated the fitness cost ofcfrexpression in a laboratorySta

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Hopkins, Skylar. "Fitness cost of ampicillin resistance inEscherichia coli." BIOS 85, no. 1 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1893/0005-3155-85.1.1.

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Villa, Mara, and Michael Lässig. "Fitness cost of reassortment in human influenza." PLOS Pathogens 13, no. 11 (2017): e1006685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006685.

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Gagneux, S. "Fitness cost of drug resistance inMycobacterium tuberculosis." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 15 (January 2009): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02685.x.

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Marrelli, Mauro T., Cristina K. Moreira, David Kelly, Luke Alphey, and Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena. "Mosquito transgenesis: what is the fitness cost?" Trends in Parasitology 22, no. 5 (2006): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2006.03.004.

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Lambrechts, Louis, Jacob C. Koella, and Christophe Boëte. "Can transgenic mosquitoes afford the fitness cost?" Trends in Parasitology 24, no. 1 (2008): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2007.09.009.

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ffrench-Constant, Richard H., and Chris Bass. "Does resistance really carry a fitness cost?" Current Opinion in Insect Science 21 (June 2017): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2017.04.011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fitness cost"

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Paulander, Wilhelm. "Mechanisms of adaptation to the fitness cost of antibiotic resistance /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-149-4/.

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Horvath-Papp, Eva. "Analysis of the fitness cost of integrons in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32256.

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Antibiotic resistance determinants carried on mobile genetic elements such as integrons are widespread in Acinetobacter baumannii. A total of 76 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were screened for class 1, 2 and 3 integron structures using PCR-based assays. Further chromosome walking and Southern blot-based analyses revealed a significant proportion of incomplete integrons, primarily due to IS element-mediated deletions or truncations at the 5’ end of these integrons. Based on these multiple detection methods, a total of 72 integron structures distributed among 58 isolates were identified. Rem

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Reynolds, Susan D. "The Cost of Mupirocin Resistance in Staphylococcus." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2192.

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Control of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is based on the concept that resistance incurs a fitness cost in non-selective conditions. Fitness costs were assessed for low- and high-level mupirocin resistance in locally-derived Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. Costs of resistance were assessed in pure cultures by comparing growth curve characteristics and in mixed culture as the proportion of resistant cells surviving. Costs were not present in comparisons of growth rates among groups of naturally-occurring isolates from the different resistance categories. However, in S. aureus, grow

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Qi, Qin. "An integrative approach to understanding the fitness cost of rifampicin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6a82bd64-3b3f-444b-b379-62f01f681594.

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is acquired through spontaneous chromosomal mutations or horizontal gene transfer. In the absence of antibiotics, resistant mutants generally show reduced fitness due to compromised growth rate, competitive ability and virulence compared to their antibiotic-sensitive ancestors. The focus of my research is to dissect the molecular underpinnings of the variations in the fitness cost of chromosomal antibiotic resistance using a systems-level approach. From an evolutionary perspective, my research aims are to understand how the fitness cost influences adaptation i

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Pränting, Maria. "Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides : Rates, Mechanisms and Fitness Effects." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130168.

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The rapid emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has necessitated the development of alternative treatment strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important immune system components that kill microbes rapidly and have broad activity-spectra, making them promising leads for new pharmaceuticals. Although the need for novel antimicrobials is great, we also need a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying resistance development to enable design of more efficient drugs and reduce the rate of resistance development. The focus of this thesis has been to examine development of

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Lacotte, Yohann. "Intégrons de multirésistance : coût biologique et dynamique d' évolution du promoteur des cassettes." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0068/document.

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Les intégrons de multirésistance sont des plateformes génétiques permettant aux bactéries de s’adapter à des pressions antibiotiques . Ils leur permettent de capturer et d’exprimer de s gènes de résistance sous forme de cassettes. La capture et le réarrangement des cassettes sont réalisés par une intégrase dont l’expression est régulée par la réponse SOS chez E. coli . L’expression des cassettes est quant à elle assurée par le promoteur Pc. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit visent à préciser deux aspects liés à la dynamique d’évolution des intégrons . L’étude du coût biologique des intég

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Williams, Jennifer Leigh. "Fitness Costs of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in the Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195166.

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Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, is associated with fitness costs in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella. Previous work has demonstrated that costs of resistance are induced by environmental factors including insecticidal cotton phytochemicals such as gossypol. This study (1) tested the hypothesis that the presence of toxic phytochemicals would increase the dominance and magnitude of fitness costs associated with genes conferring resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, (2) coupled a selection experiment and simulation modeling to evaluate t

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Letcher, Ryan. "SmartHub: A Low Cost Manual Wheelchair Fitness Metrics Tool for Clinicians, Researchers, and Wheelchair Users." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149270449042227.

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Macvanin, Mirjana. "The Physiological Cost of Antibiotic Resistance." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3761.

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<p>Becoming antibiotic resistant is often associated with fitness costs for the resistant bacteria. This is seen as a loss of competitiveness against the antibiotic-sensitive wild-type in an antibiotic-free environment. In this study, the physiological alterations associated with fitness cost of antibiotic resistance <i>in vitro</i> (in the laboratory medium), and <i>in vivo</i> (in a mouse infection model), are identified in the model system of fusidic acid resistant (Fus<sup>R</sup>) <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium.</p><p>Fus<sup>R</sup> mutants have mutations in <i>fus

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Suh, Eunho. "CHARACTERIZATION OF WOLBACHIA AND ITS INTERACTION IN HOST MOSQUITOES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/13.

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Wolbachia are maternally inherited, obligate, intracellular bacteria inducing a form of sterility known as cytoplasmic incompatibility. Wolbachia based strategies have been proposed for the control of disease vectors. One example is to use a population replacement strategy to drive into natural population a novel Wolbachia that modifies the age structure of a vector population, reducing disease transmission. In this research, the effects of a life-shortening stain of Wolbachia (popcorn Wolbachia) are transferred into the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Chapter Two and Three) and A. aegypti (Chapt

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Books on the topic "Fitness cost"

1

Lesko, Matthew. Free stuff for women's health, fitness and nutrition. Information USA, Inc., 2000.

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Transportation, United States Congress House Committee on Public Works and. Great American workout: Report (to accompany H. Con. Res. 303) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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Parties, Institute of Medicine (U S. ). Committee on Utilization Management by Third. Controlling costs and changing patient care?: The role of utilization management. National Academy Press, 1989.

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Maté, Gabor. When the body says no: The cost of hidden stress. A.A. Knopf Canada, 2003.

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1949-, Rudge Janet, and Nicol F, eds. Cutting the cost of cold: Affordable warmth for healthier homes. E & FN Spon, 2000.

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1946-, Berwick Donald M., ed. New rules: Regulation, markets, and the quality of American health care. Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1996.

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Seth, Allcorn, ed. The human cost of a management failure: Organizational downsizing at General Hospital. Quorum Books, 1996.

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A, Sloan Frank, Blumstein James F. 1945-, and Perrin James M, eds. Cost, quality, and access in health care: New roles for health planning in a competitive environment. Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1988.

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Lerner, Julie. Lerner survey of health care in New York: Your consumer guide to HMOs, health insurance plans, hospitals, free and low-cost services, and your legal rights for New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County. Lerner Communications, 2000.

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Cohn, Jonathan. Sick. HarperCollins, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fitness cost"

1

Mikaberidze, Alexey, and Bruce A. McDonald. "Fitness Cost of Resistance: Impact on Management." In Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens. Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8_6.

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Feller, William. "On fitness and the cost of natural selection." In Selected Papers II. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16856-2_39.

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Watson, Jean-Paul. "An Introduction to Fitness Landscape Analysis and Cost Models for Local Search." In Handbook of Metaheuristics. Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1665-5_20.

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Zheng, Yong, and Yina Zhang. "A Fitness Test of Cost of Carry Model in Chinese Cotton Future Market." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4600-1_84.

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Zhang, Liqing, and Layne T. Watson. "The Expected Fitness Cost of a Mutation Fixation under the One-Dimensional Fisher Model." In Bioinformatics Research and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13078-6_26.

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Estrada-Jimenez, Luis A., Sepideh Kalateh, Sanaz Nikghadam Hojjati, and Jose Barata. "A Bio-inspired and Altruistic-Based Framework to Support Collaborative Healing in a Smart Manufacturing Shop-Floor." In Technological Innovation for Connected Cyber Physical Spaces. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36007-7_8.

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AbstractBiologicalisation defines the analysis of biological patterns as a source of inspiration to model intelligent manufacturing systems. Due to their inherent adaptability, these design representations are highly desirable considering the increasing complexity of modeling current manufacturing solutions. Contributing to the idea of self-organizing and autonomous shop floors, we present a framework that aims to support the collaborative healing of manufacturing resources. This has been inspired on the altruistic behavior of bats in which social care is demonstrated (e.g., in bat colonies) e

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Lu, Bao-Rong. "Assessing environmental impact of pollen-mediated transgene flow." In Gene flow: monitoring, modeling and mitigation. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247480.0001.

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Abstract Potential environmental impact caused by pollen-mediated transgene flow from commercially cultivated genetically engineered (GE) crops to their non-GE crop counterparts and to their wild and weedy relatives has aroused tremendous biosafety concerns worldwide. This chapter provides information on the concept and classification of gene flow, the framework of the environmental biosafety assessment caused by pollen-mediated gene flow, and relevant case studies about transgene flow and its environmental impact. In general, gene flow refers to the movement of genes or genetic materials from

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Alifano, Pietro. "Fitness Costs of Antibiotic Resistance." In Antibiotics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527659685.ch5.

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Myers, Jonathan, and Peter Kokkinos. "Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Healthcare Costs." In Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_25.

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Caldwell, Ann E. "Energy Costs and Benefits During Fetal Development and Infancy." In Human Physical Fitness and Activity. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30409-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fitness cost"

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Grimes, Keith, and David G. Jones. "Determining Pipeline Fitness for Purpose from High Resolution Smart Pig Inspections." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96046.

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Abstract To gain a financial benefit, a "smart operator" views inspection as part of an overall strategy to maintain a safe pipeline. This paper shows how periodic internal inspections, followed by defect assessments using fitness-for-purpose criteria and selective repair, is the most cost beneficial way of maintaining the safety of a pipeline. It is highlighted that it is important to use (i) genuine high resolution pigs for the inspection and (ii) expert fitness-for-purpose assessment. The cost savings on the optimized future safe operating strategies for the pipeline offset the costs of the

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Simon Thomas, M. J. J., L. H. Prager, C. V. M. Voermans, B. P. Miglin, B. F. M. Pots, and I. J. Rippon. "Deterministic Pipeline Integrity Assessment to Optimize Corrosion Control and Reduce Cost." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02075.

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Abstract A methodology was developed to improve the integrity management of pipelines, taking account of internal corrosion, external corrosion and third party damage. The system can be used to define the corrosion control and monitoring needs of new and existing lines. It also serves to determine the integrity, optimize inspection and manage repair and rehabilitation of existing lines. The approach to the evaluation of the degradation rate and fitness for purpose of the pipeline is deterministic. The methodology considers the relative contribution of all relevant factors, such as CO2, H2S, O2

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Sagara, Masayuki, Akiko Nishimura, Masaki Ueyama, Hisashi Amaya, Masakatsu Ueda, and Takeo Kudo. "Development of Cost-effective Ni Alloy OCTG Material for Sour Environment." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01684.

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Abstract It is very profitable to apply CRA’s (corrosion resistant alloys) to sour environment. Molybdenum has been utilized to enhance the corrosion resistance of conventional alloys. A Mo-less CRA has been newly developed for relatively milder sour conditions considering “fitness for purpose” and saving the cost of the alloy. Copper is used as an alternative corrosion resistant element instead of Mo. Alloying Cu made the new material keep corrosion resistance in a sour environment and saved the cost of material. Evaluating by SSRT and long term C-ring test, the new CRA showed no cracks at el

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Xu, Luyao, and Shane Finneran. "Fitness-for-service Assessment of Crack-like Features for Hydrogen Pipelines." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00229.

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Abstract Repurposing existing natural gas pipelines for hydrogen service has emerged as a cost-effective strategy for transporting hydrogen over long distances. However, the transition to hydrogen service introduces challenges due to existing defects in these pipelines; crack-like features are particularly concerning as they act as critical stress concentrators and hydrogen atom traps, which would increase the brittle fracture risk and accelerate the fatigue crack growth. API 579-2021 emphasizes the need for extreme caution when assessing crack-like features in hydrogen-charged materials. It w

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Eisinger, N. C., B. C. Puckett, and Greg Chitwood. "Corrosion Resistance and Predicted Fitness for Use of Expandable Pipe Manufactured from Super-Austenitic Alloy 27-7MO." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05128.

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Abstract Although 13Cr steels are typically used for base pipe in conventional sand screens, there has been a movement to develop new CRA's for expandable pipe. The 13Cr martensitic steels have poor resistance to H2S induced SCC and do not have the required ductility to survive the high strains generated in an expandable screen base pipe. Austenitic stainless steels such as 316L (UNS S31603) have been shown to be sufficient for many applications with improved ductility and moderate corrosion resistance, but they have restrictive limits in environments where they can be used. Thus, a need for a

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Jones, D. G., S. J. Dawson, and A. J. Clyne. "Reliability of Internally Corroding Pipelines." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98080.

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Abstract Internal corrosion is an increasing problem world-wide in on and offshore pipelines. This paper describes how the results of genuine high resolution magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection together with fitness-for-purpose assessments are used as the basis for defining cost effective rehabilitation strategies for internally corroding pipelines. Strategies are highlighted for pipelines containing ‘active’ corrosion which cannot be eliminated. Attention is given to (i) advances in the methods for assessing the significance of corrosion and (ii) the benefits of using modern reliability me

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Davies, Ray J. "Application of Real-Time Corrosion Surveillance Techniques to Process Industry Problems." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91177.

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Abstract The complementary role of acoustic emission and ultrasonic methods for on-line monitoring of materials degradation is discussed and compared with other available techniques. The combined use of these methods affords both cost and technical benefits for major industry problems. They include wet hydrogen sulfide cracking and elevated temperature cracking of low Cr-Mo steels. Several practical examples are given to illustrate this. The data from advanced monitoring methods should be used in conjunction with a fitness-for-service approach based on fracture mechanics analysis. The interact

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Marchebois, Hervé, Hafida El Alami, Jean Leyer, and Arnaud Gateaud. "Sour Service Limits of 13% Cr and Super 13% Cr Stainless Steels for OCTG: Effect of Environmental Factors." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09084.

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Abstract For the last 25 years, the use of 13% Cr seamless steel tubing has been a cost effective solution for preventing sweet CO2 corrosion. More recently, Super 13% Cr alloys with low carbon and Ni-Mo additions were introduced for improving the resistance to specific forms of corrosion. This paper summarizes the SSC results of both conventional 13% Cr and super 13% Cr stainless steels. NACE Uniaxial Tensile tests were performed according to the Fitness-For-Purpose approach recommended in the new edition of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156. The role of chloride content was investigated when combined wi

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Chikkam, Anil Kumar, Mehrooz Zamanzadeh, Sunil Kumar Pulagam, Ganesh P. Dhandabani, Bangaru Murali, and Jeevanandam Shanmugam. "Field Metallography and Replication on Liquefied Natural Gas Assets: Non-Destructive Metallurgical Testing to Complement Other Regular Non-Destructive Tests." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-15140.

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Abstract During plant shutdown maintenance, some components cannot be removed out of service immediately for metallurgical examination due to high cost involved and loss of production hours. The best alternative is to replicate the lab based metallography work under the field conditions. Field Metallography and Replication (FMR) also known as in-situ metallography is a powerful non-destructive test (NDT) tool used to examine the microstructure of the component when it is still in service. Moreover, FMR is also used to study the microstructural alterations for the fitness for service assessment

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Akuchie, Christian. "Novel External Corrosion Prevention Equipment Lifecycle Management Approach." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19415.

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Abstract This paper presents an external corrosion prevention equipment lifecycle management approach that aligns with and supports the transition of equipment from a reactive maintenance approach to a reliability-centered and conditioned-based maintenance approach. The lifecycle assessment is comprised of deterministic (remaining life estimate), probabilistic (probability of failure) and fitness for service approaches. The process output is a prioritized and optimized management plan for a set of equipment critical in the external corrosion threat prevention on mainline piping, facility pipin

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Reports on the topic "Fitness cost"

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Kirk. L51714 Development of Fitness-for-Purpose Assessment Procedures for Branch Welds. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010334.

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One major difficulty in developing fitness-for-purpose based flaw acceptance criteria for pipeline branch connections is the calculation of the stress distributions in the vicinity of the welds. Even with the latest computer aided modeling technologies, direct finite element modeling of branch connections using 3-D solid elements can be time consuming and cost prohibitive. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the possibility of using more computationally-efficient finite element approaches to determine the stress distributions local to branch connections. This report describes work to dev

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Knapik, Joseph J., Salima Darakjy, Keith G. Hauret, Bruce H. Jones, and Marilyn A. Sharp. Evaluation of a Program to Identify and Pre-Condition Trainees With Low Physical Fitness: Attrition and Cost Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426640.

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Hunter, Martha S., and Einat Zchori-Fein. Rickettsia in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci: Phenotypic variants and fitness effects. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594394.bard.

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The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of vegetables, field crops, and ornamentals worldwide. This species harbors a diverse assembly of facultative, “secondary” bacterial symbionts, the roles of which are largely unknown. We documented a spectacular sweep of one of these, Rickettsia, in the Southwestern United States in the B biotype (=MEAM1) of B. tabaci, from 1% to 97% over 6 years, as well as a dramatic fitness benefit associated with it in Arizona but not in Israel. Because it is critical to understand the circumstances in which a symbiont invas

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Thacker. L51930 Optimized Sampling Frequencies for Weld Reliability Assessments of Long Pipeline Segments. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011322.

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This project responds to a need to obtain statistically adequate quantities of input data for probabilistic assessments of girth welded pipelines. It is desirable to limit the data collection efforts to that warranted by overall reliability and confidence requirements. This is motivated by the challenge of limited and/or high-cost access to in-service pipelines for property measurement and flaw inspection. The goal of this project was to develop a methodology for specifying the minimum, cost-optimized sampling frequency for each of the model input parameters in a multiple girth weld fitness-fo

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Koppenhoefer. L51936 Factors Influencing Girth Weld Reliability in Older Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010210.

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Many older pipelines were constructed without either the benefit of detailed weld inspection or the understanding of the requirements for girth weld performance that currently exists. Consequently, they often contain discontinuities that exceed today's workmanship standards. Operators of pipeline facilities are now being required, by recent legislation and regulation, to provide a higher level of assurance of the integrity of their pipeline systems. Older pipelines present some unique challenges in meeting these requirements. The objective of this project was to develop a technical basis for d

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Brayton, Kelly A., Varda Shkap, Guy H. Palmer, Wendy C. Brown, and Thea Molad. Control of Bovine Anaplasmosis: Protective Capacity of the MSP2 Allelic Repertoire. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699838.bard.

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Anaplasmosis is an arthropod-borne disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasmamarginale and is an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Currently, the only effective vaccines are derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Consequently, development of a safe, effective vaccine is a high priority. Despite its drawbacks as a live, blo

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Committee on Toxicology. COT FSA PBPK for Regulators Workshop Report 2021. Food Standards Agency, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tyy821.

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The future of food safety assessment in the UK depends on the Food Standards Agency’s (FSA) adaptability and flexibility in responding to and adopting the accelerating developments in science and technology. The Tox21 approach is an example of one recent advancement in the development of alternative toxicity testing approaches and computer modelling strategies for the evaluation of hazard and exposure (New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). A key aspect is the ability to link active concentrations in vitro to likely concentrations in vivo, for which physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) mod

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Chiel, Elad, and Christopher J. Geden. Development of sustainable fly management tools in an era of global warming. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598161.bard.

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House flies (Muscadomestica) are global pests of animal agriculture, causing major annoyance, carrying pathogens among production facilities and humans and thus have profound impacts on animal comfort and productivity. Successful fly control requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes elements of manure management, mass trapping, biological control, and selective insecticide use. Insecticidal control of house flies has become increasingly difficult due to the rapidity with which resistance develops, even to new active ingredients. Global climate change poses additional

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Morin, S., L. L. Walling, Peter W. Atkinson, J. Li, and B. E. Tabashnik. ets for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene drive in Bemisia tabaci. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134170.bard.

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The goal of our BARD proposal was to build both the necessary infrastructure and knowledge for using the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene drive system to control the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Our research focused on achieving three main goals: (1) establishing a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system for producing genetically-edited B. tabaci; (2) generating and testing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutations targeting genes that represent two gene drive strategies: population replacement and population suppression; (3) using computer modeling to optimize strategies for applying CRISPR/Cas9 to control B. tabaci populati

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L51823 Underwater Wet Welding of Pipeline Steels. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010390.

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Underwater wet welding is presently accepted only for structural repairs to offshore facilities. The application of underwater wet welding to sub-sea pipelines and risers has been limited due to its perceived quality deficiencies compared to surface welds. These include the potential for excessive porosity, the risk of hydrogen cracking that results from the liberation of hydrogen in the welding arc and the accelerated weld cooling rates produced by the presence of the water. The present method for offshore tie-ins and repairs involves the use of either mechanical clamps, hyperbaric welding, o

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