Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fitness profiles'

We compared changes in thigh muscle cross sectional area (CSA), strength, VO2peak, and HbA1c following aerobic training (A), resistance training (R), or their added combination (AR) in 115 sedentary type 2 diabetic men and women. Participants aged 40 to 70 years, mean BMI of 33.5 kg/m2, were randomly assigned to 6 months of 3x/wk A only (17 M, 11 W), R only (17 M, 11 W), combined AR (17 M; 12 W), and waiting-list control (C) (17 M, 13 W). All exercising men increased mid-thigh CSA (all p < 0.05). Mean increases in VO2peak were exhibited in A and AR men (8.4% and 7.3%; p < 0.05). Strength increases were similar for exercising men and women. Absolute HbA1c decreased in AR men (1.22%) and women (0.62%), and A men (0.80%) (all p < 0.05). R men exhibited a greater relative reduction in HbA1c as compared to R women (p = 0.033 between sexes). Exercising men had modestly greater improvements in HbA1c than women.

The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of progressive resistance training on the blood lipid profile in post-menopausal women. Thirty-four female subjects aged 50 to 75 years were selected from the population of Grahamstown, South Africa. All participants were previously sedentary and possessed at least one lipid profile abnormality but were otherwise healthy. Pre-tests included a sub-maximal stress Electrocardiogram, measures of stature, mass, central and limb girths as well as an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a total blood lipid profile. Participants took part in a 24-week progressive resistance training programme, consisting of three supervised sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes and were not permitted to lose more than 10% of initial body mass during the 24-week study. All pre-test measures, excluding the stress ECG and the OGTT, were repeated every four weeks for the duration of the study. Results were that body mass, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio did not change. Girth measures at mid-humerus, chest, waist, hip, mid-quadricep and mid-gastrocnemius all decreased significantly (p=0.05). LDL-cholesterol increased significantly over the course of 24 weeks (3.61mmol.L-1 to 4.07mmol.L-1) as did total cholesterol (5.81mmol.L-1 to 6.24mmol.L-1). Triglyceride concentration remained unchanged and HDL-cholesterol decreased significantly between the pre-test measure (1.55mmol.L-1) and the measure after six months (1.42mmol.L-1). It can be concluded that the blood lipid profile in a sample of post-menopausal women was not positively affected by a progressive resistance training programme over a 24 week period.
Maiden name: Kelly, Janet Erica

In previous research, resistance exercise reduced HbA1c primarily in studies of older type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects (age>55), while aerobic exercise reduced HbA1c primarily in studies of relatively younger subjects. We compared changes in HbA1c, fitness and body composition in response to 6 months of exercise training in older (55-70 yrs: n= 53) vs. younger (40-54 yrs: n=44) T2DM participants in a randomized trial. Previously inactive T2DM subjects were randomized to aerobic exercise (A; progressing to 45min at 75% HR max, n=24), resistance exercise (R; 2-3 sets of 8-12 RM, n=23), combination aerobic and resistance training (AR; n=25) or a waiting control-list group (C; n=25). Each exercise group trained 3x/wk for 6 months. Strength testing was done using an 8 repetition maximum (RM) protocol for seated row, leg press and bench press. V02peak was assessed using graded treadmill protocols to volitional fatigue. A single cut CT scan was used to quantitate abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat and mid-thigh muscle cross-section. All tests were performed at baseline and 6-months. The responses of older and younger subjects did not differ significantly on any measure. A1c decreased from 8.0% to 7.1% in younger A, and from 7.4% to 6.7% in older A. In AR decreases were similar: 7.9% to 6.8% in younger AR, 7.8% to 6.8% in older AR. A1c changed little in R: 7.8% to 7.7% in younger R, 7.7 to 7.3% in older R. No significant change in HbA1c occurred in either older or younger subjects in C. Mean increases in VO2peak for A were 6.9% in old and 7.4% in young and for AR were 7.6% in old and 4.9% in young. Strength increased in AR by 47.5%, 51.0% and 37.9% in young and 41.1%, 46.0% and 30.4% in young for bench press, leg press and seated row respectively. The R young group improved by 68.6%, 86.2% and 47.6% and the old by 44.3%, 72.3% and 31.9% for bench press, leg press and seated row respectively. The aerobic only group also improved in strength. Neither VO2peak nor strength changed significantly in C. Therefore, older (55-70 years old) and younger (40-54 year old) T2DM subjects responded similarly to aerobic, resistance or combined exercise in terms of glycemic control, strength, and aerobic fitness.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a influência de diferentes volumes de treinamento com exercícios de Pilates nos desfechos metabólicos, na pressão arterial (PA), na aptidão física relacionada à saúde e na qualidade de vida (QV) em mulheres pós-menopáusicas dislipidêmicas. Ao total, 26 voluntárias participaram do ensaio clínico controlado, sendo alocadas em três grupos: grupo de alto volume (GAV; n=9), grupo baixo volume (GBV; n=11) e grupo controle (GC; n=6). O GAV realizou quatro sessões semanais e o GBV apenas duas, durante 10 semanas, com 45 a 55 minutos por sessão. Antes e após o período de intervenção foram mensurados desfechos metabólicos, pressão arterial, aptidão física relacionada à saúde, qualidade de vida e o escore de risco cardiovascular (ERC). Os resultados foram descritos em médias com limites inferiores e superiores (intervalo de confiança de 95%). As comparações entre e intra-grupos foram realizadas pelo método de Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas (GEE), com post hoc de Boferroni e nível de significância de ɑ=0,05. Após as 10 semanas, os desfechos metabólicos colesterol total (CT), lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL), triglicerídeos (TG) e lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) não modificaram significativamente suas concentrações em nenhuma das análises (intenção de tratar; n=26 ou por protocolo; n=21). Apenas a relação CT/HDL apresentou decréscimo significativo na análise por intenção de tratar (ITT) no GAV. A PA apresentou diferenças significativas tanto na sistólica (PAS) quanto na diastólica (PAD), tendo o GAV aumentado os valores de PAS e o GC diminuído PAS e PAD Na análise por ITT, o domínio social aumentou significativamente nos três grupos, já a análise por protocolo evidenciou incrementos somente para o GBV. E na QV geral, o GC foi significativamente menor do que o GBV na análise por protocolo, enquanto a ITT não apresentou diferença significativa. Os valores de AF pós-intervenção foram maiores no teste de levantar e sentar para todos os grupos. Os testes de flexibilidade não apresentaram diferenças significativas em nenhuma situação e o teste de seis minutos de caminhada teve seus valores incrementados, nas análises por ITT e protocolo, apenas para o GAV e GBV. A análise por protocolo indicou que o GAV teve valores significativamente maiores que o GBV no teste timed up and go. Por fim, o ERC não teve alterações significantes para nenhum dos grupos nas duas análises. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o volume de treinamento não influencia nas concentrações de CT, LDL, TG e HDL, isto é, duas ou quatro sessões semanais de Pilates promovem resultados semelhantes. Adicionalmente, a PA não demonstrou boas adaptações ao treinamento e a QV na maior parte de seus domínios não teve melhoras. Em relação à AF, ambos os grupos de Pilates foram eficientes em promover incrementos no teste de seis minutos de caminhada e de levantar e sentar.
The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of different volumes of Pilates training exercises on metabolic, blood pressure (BP), health related physical fitness and quality of life (QL) outcomes in postmenopausal dyslipidemic women. In total, 26 voluntary participated in the controlled clinical trial, being allocated into three groups: high volume group (HVG; n=9), low volume group (LVG; n=11) and control group (CG, n=6). HVG performed four weekly sessions and LVG performed only twice a week, during 10 weeks, with 45 to 55 minutes per session. Before and after the intervention period, metabolic, BP, health related physical fitness, QL and cardiovascular risk score (CRS) outcomes were measured. The results were described by mean values with lower and upper limits (95% confidence interval). Comparisons between groups and intra-groups were performed adopting Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method, with post hoc of Bonferroni and significance level of ɑ=0,05. After the 10 weeks, the metabolic outcomes total cholesterol (TC) low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and TC/HDL ratio were not modified in any of the analyses (intention-to-treat analysis - ITT; n=26 or per protocol; n=21). Only CT/HDL ratio presented significant decrease in intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) for HVL. BP presented significant differences in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), in which HVG increased their SBP values and CG decreased SBP and DBP values In ITT analysis, social domain significantly increased in the three groups, whereas in per protocol analysis increments were only evidenced for LVG. In general quality of life, CG demonstrated significantly lower values than LVG in per protocol analysis, whereas in ITT a significant difference was now shown. Regarding PF post-intervention values, sit-up test was greater in all groups. Flexibility tests did not present significant differences in any of the situations and in the six-minute walk test the values were incremented in ITT and per protocol analyses only for the HVG and LVG. Per protocol analyses indicated that HVG had their values significantly greater than LVG in timed up and go test. Lastly, cardiovascular risk score was not significantly altered for any of the groups in both analyses. In this way, it is concluded that training volume does not influence on TC, LDL, TG and HDL concentrations after 10 weeks of Pilates training, that is, performing Pilates exercises two of four times a week promotes similar results. However, those who participated in the CG had negative results in relation to lipid profile. In addition, BP did not show good adaptations to training and most domains of quality of life did not improve. Regarding PF, both Pilates groups were efficient in promoting increments in the six-minute walk test and sit-up test.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)
O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de atividade física, capacidade funcional e qualidade vida de idosos cadastrados nos Centros de Atenção Integral a Melhor Idade (CAIMI) da cidade de Manaus. Além disso, foi traçado um perfil socioeconômico e demográfico, avaliado os sintomas depressivos e presença de deficit cognitivo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 741 idosos cadastrados nos três CAIMI da cidade, no período de novembro de 2015 a março de 2017. As coletas eram realizadas por estudantes do curso de fisioterapia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, previamente treinados. Para avaliação dos idosos, foram utilizados os questionários: Internacional Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Escala de Qualidade de Vida de Flanagan (EQVF), Escala de Lawton e Brody, Índice de Katz, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG) e Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, pelo parecer número 786. 685. Os idosos apresentaram média de idade de 69 anos, sendo que a maioria (521) era do sexo feminino, 44,94% casados e 60,05% não completaram o primeiro grau. Em relação à renda, 40,60% ganhavam até um salário mínimo e 53,51% diziam ser o principal provedor da casa. A maior frequência (72,74%) era de aposentados e 79,76% relataram ainda trabalhar. Referente ao nível de atividade física ,70,18% dos idosos foram classificados como ativos pelo IPAQ, 98,38% eram independentes, segundo índice de Katz e, na EQVF, apresentaram média de 80,07, o que indica uma satisfação positiva com sua qualidade de vida. A maioria (62,08%) não tinha deficit cognitivo quando avaliado pelo MEEM. Os sintomas depressivos atingem 22,98% dos idosos. A presença de sintomas depressivos foi maior em viúvos (28,97%), nos que apresentavam deficit cognitivo (28,67%), nos que tinham renda de até um salário mínimo (34,23%) e nos que não estavam satisfeitos com sua qualidade de vida (31,73%). A média de pontos da EDG foi de 4,17±2,23. Os que ganhavam até um salário mínimo tinham três vezes mais chances de desenvolver sintomas depressivos que os outros. A ausência de deficit cognitivo foi um fator protetor para o desenvolvimento dos sintomas. Conclui-se que a maioria dos idosos atendidos nos CAIMI são do sexo feminino, com baixa renda, casados, com baixa escolaridade e aposentados, mas que ainda trabalham. Além disso, são independentes, ativos fisicamente e apresentam-se satisfeitos com sua qualidade de vida. A maioria não apresenta deficit cognitivo nem depressão.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity, functional capacity and quality of life in elderly enrolled in specialized centers for elderly care in Manaus. In addition, a socioeconomic and demographic profile was drawn, in which depressive symptoms and cognitive deficit presence was accessed. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 741 elderly people enrolled in the three of thaose centers in the city, from November 2015 to March 2017. Interviews were carried out by previously trained physiotherapy students of Federal University of Amazonas. Questionnaires used were: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Flanagan Life Quality Scale (QOLS), Lawton and Brody Scale, Katz Index, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-Mental State (MMSE). This research was approved by Research Ethics Committee at Federal University of Amazonas for under number 786,685. The elderly mean age was 69 years, and the majority (521) were female, 44.94% married and 60.05% did not complete the first degree. In relation to income, 40.60% earned up to a minimum wage and 53.51% said to be the main provider of the family. The highest frequency (72.74%) was retired subjects and 79.76% reported that they were still working. Regarding the level of physical activity, 70.18% of the elderly were classified as active by IPAQ, 98.38% were independent by Katz Index and, in the EQVF, they presented a mean of 80.07, indicating a positive satisfaction with their quality of life. Most of them (62.08%) had no cognitive deficit by MMSE. Signs of depression were found in 22.98% of the group. The presence of depressive symptoms was greater in widows (28.97%), the ones with cognitive deficits (28.67%), incomes up to one minimum wage (34.23%) and those who were not satisfied with their own quality of life (31.73%). The mean GDS score was 4.17 ± 2.23. Those who earned even a minimum wage were three times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than others. The absence of cognitive deficit was a protective factor for developing depressive symptoms. The conclusion was that the majority of the elderly attending those centers are female, with low income, married, with low education level and retired, but still working. In addition, regarding to functional capacity, they are independent, physically active and satisfied with their quality of life. Most of them do not have cognitive deficit nor depression.
117/2014

Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa hur serbiska och svenska landslagstränare planerar en säsong i 3x3 basket. Förhoppningsvis kommer uppfattningen förbättras om vad som kan påverka och vilka delar som är viktiga i träningsuppläggen. Anledningen till att Serbien undersöks är på grund av att de är en världsledande nation inom 3x3 basket och att deras träningsupplägg kan vara en anledning till deras framgång. Studien strävar efter att svara på följande frågeställningar: ●  Vad är orsaken till framgångarna för det serbiska 3x3 landslaget? ●  Vad anser 3x3 landslagstränarna i Serbien och Sverige är viktiga delar i träningsupplägget under en säsong, med fokus på aeroba och anaeroba förmågor? ●  Vilka orsaker upplever tränarna i Serbien och Sverige påverkar träningsupplägget? Metod: Syfte och frågeställningarna besvarades med hjälp av en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Den kvalitativa datainsamlingen har sammanställts och bearbetats genom meningskoncentreringsmodellen i programmet NVivo-version 12. Resultat: Studien påvisar att Serbien och Sverige har två olika tillvägagångsätt när det kommer till planeringen och utförandet av sina träningsupplägg. Analys av data ledde oss till en huvudorsak som visades påverka hur utformningen av ett träningsupplägg för de aeroba och anaeroba förmågorna kan komma att se ut. Huvudorsaken påvisar att träningsupplägget ser annorlunda ut eftersom serbiska herrlandslaget enbart spelar 3x3 basket. Utifrån huvudorsaken förekom också att träningsupplägget utformas beroende på tiden som tränarna har att spendera med laget och antal turneringar som spelas under en säsong. En annan orsak som påverkar träningsupplägget är tränarnas individuella erfarenheter och tillgångar. Slutsats: Studiens slutsats är att det svenska träningsupplägget kan förbättras och att Serbien ständigt försöker utveckla sitt redan framgångsrika träningsupplägg. Det svenska träningsupplägget för utveckling av aeroba och anaeroba förmågor behöver planeras och struktureras för att spelarna ska uppnå bättre form. Slutsatsen är att rekrytering av spelare som enbart ska spela 3x3 basket skulle bidra till bättre resultat för både de serbiska damerna och hela svenska landslaget. Utformandet av sportens kravprofil i Sverige skulle kunna leda till bättre planering av när och hur landslaget bör samlas och börja träna.

Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott.

Objetivo: verificar os efeitos de um programa de exercício físico de 3 meses (3 sessões semanais), em mulheres idosas. Amostra: 44 idosas (x idades ≈ 70 anos): Grupo Experimental 1 ([20-59]%sessões; n=13); Grupo Experimental 2 (≥60%sessões; n=15); Grupo de Controlo (0%sessões; n=16). Métodos de Avaliação: DEXA, Balança TANITA BC-545 e Antropómetro de Martin (Composição Corporal); Análises Clínicas (Perfil Lipídico); Tensiómetro-MTP-Medisana (Pressão Arterial); Bateria de Testes “Functional Fitness Test” (Aptidão Física); Questionário POMS-SF (Estados de Humor). Resultados: Encontraram-se diferenças significativas entre grupos nas variáveis: força superior (p=.001: GE2>GC) e inferior (p=.009: GE2>GCeGE1), flexibilidade inferior (p=.020: GE2>GC), resistência aeróbia (p=.000: GE2>GCGE1), fadiga (p=.023: GE2GC) e confusão (p=.027: GE2GC) and lower strength (p=.009: GE2>GCeGE1), lower flexibility (p=.020: GE2>GC), aerobic endurance (p=.000: GE2>GCGE1), fatigue (p=.023: GE2GC) and confusion (p=.027: GE2