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Journal articles on the topic 'Fitness traits'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

O’Brien, Anna M., Chandra N. Jack, Maren L. Friesen, and Megan E. Frederickson. "Whose trait is it anyways? Coevolution of joint phenotypes and genetic architecture in mutualisms." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1942 (2021): 20202483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2483.

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Evolutionary biologists typically envision a trait’s genetic basis and fitness effects occurring within a single species. However, traits can be determined by and have fitness consequences for interacting species, thus evolving in multiple genomes. This is especially likely in mutualisms, where species exchange fitness benefits and can associate over long periods of time. Partners may experience evolutionary conflict over the value of a multi-genomic trait, but such conflicts may be ameliorated by mutualism’s positive fitness feedbacks. Here, we develop a simulation model of a host–microbe mut

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Kingsolver, J. G., H. A. Woods, and G. Gilchrist. "Traits Related to Fitness." Science 267, no. 5196 (1995): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5196.396.

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Mills, Suzanne C., Alessandro Grapputo, Ilmari Jokinen, et al. "Testosterone‐Mediated Effects on Fitness‐Related Phenotypic Traits and Fitness." American Naturalist 173, no. 4 (2009): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597222.

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4

WAYNE, M. L., J. B. HACKETT, C. L. DILDA, S. V. NUZHDIN, E. G. PASYUKOVA, and T. F. C. MACKAY. "Quantitative trait locus mapping of fitness-related traits in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 77, no. 1 (2001): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300004894.

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We examined the genetic architecture of four fitness-related traits (reproductive success, ovariole number, body size and early fecundity) in a panel of 98 Oregon-R × 2b3 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Highly significant genetic variation was observed in this population for female, but not male, reproductive success. The cross-sex genetic correlation for reproductive success was 0·20, which is not significantly different from zero. There was significant genetic variation segregating in this cross for ovariole number, but not for body size or early fecundity. The RILs were genotyped for cytol

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Morrissey, Michael B., and Timothée Bonnet. "Analogues of the fundamental and secondary theorems of selection, assuming a log-normal distribution of expected fitness." Journal of Heredity 110, no. 4 (2019): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz020.

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Abstract It is increasingly common for studies of evolution in natural populations to infer the quantitative genetic basis of fitness (e.g., the additive genetic variance for relative fitness), and of relationships between traits and fitness (e.g., the additive genetic covariance of traits with relative fitness). There is a certain amount of tension between the theory that justifies estimating these quantities, and methodological considerations relevant to their empirical estimation. In particular, the additive genetic variances and covariances involving relative fitness are justified by the f

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Abrams, Peter A., Hiroyuki Matsuda, and Yasushi Harada. "Evolutionarily unstable fitness maxima and stable fitness minima of continuous traits." Evolutionary Ecology 7, no. 5 (1993): 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01237642.

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7

Peters, A. D., D. L. Halligan, M. C. Whitlock, and P. D. Keightley. "Dominance and Overdominance of Mildly Deleterious Induced Mutations for Fitness Traits inCaenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 165, no. 2 (2003): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.2.589.

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AbstractWe estimated the average dominance coefficient of mildly deleterious mutations (h, the proportion by which mutations in the heterozygous state reduce fitness components relative to those in the homozygous state) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. From 56 worm lines that carry mutations induced by the point mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), we selected 19 lines that are relatively high in fitness and estimated the viabilities, productivities, and relative fitnesses of heterozygotes and homozygotes compared to the ancestral wild type. There was very little effect of homozygous o

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Mackay, Trudy F. C. "A quantitative genetic analysis of fitness and its components in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 47, no. 1 (1986): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300024526.

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SummaryForty-one third chromosomes extracted from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster were assessed for net fitness and for the quantitative characters viability, net fertility, female productivity, male weight, abdominal bristle number, and sternopleural bristle number. Net homozygous and heterozygous fitness of the third chromosomes was estimated by competition against a marked balancer third chromosome. Average fitness of the homozygous lines relative to wild-type heterozygotes was 0·13, indicating substantial inbreeding depression for net fitness. All significant correlations o

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9

Schavemaker, Paul E., and Michael Lynch. "Bioenergetics and the Evolution of Cellular Traits." Annual Review of Biophysics 54, no. 1 (2025): 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-070524-090334.

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Evolutionary processes have transformed simple cellular life into a great diversity of forms, ranging from the ubiquitous eukaryotic cell design to the more specific cellular forms of spirochetes, cyanobacteria, ciliates, heliozoans, amoeba, and many others. The cellular traits that constitute these forms require an evolutionary explanation. Ultimately, the persistence of a cellular trait depends on its net contribution to fitness, a quantitative measure. Independent of any positive effects, a cellular trait exhibits a baseline energetic cost that needs to be accounted for when quantitatively

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10

Brambilla, Alice, Iris Biebach, Bruno Bassano, Giuseppe Bogliani, and Achaz von Hardenberg. "Direct and indirect causal effects of heterozygosity on fitness-related traits in Alpine ibex." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1798 (2015): 20141873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1873.

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Heterozygosity–fitness correlations (HFCs) are a useful tool to investigate the effects of inbreeding in wild populations, but are not informative in distinguishing between direct and indirect effects of heterozygosity on fitness-related traits. We tested HFCs in male Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ) in a free-ranging population (which suffered a severe bottleneck at the end of the eighteenth century) and used confirmatory path analysis to disentangle the causal relationships between heterozygosity and fitness-related traits. We tested HFCs in 149 male individuals born between 1985 and 2009. We foun

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11

Gavrus-Ion, Alina, Torstein Sjøvold, Miguel Hernández, et al. "Measuring fitness heritability: Life history traits versus morphological traits in humans." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 164, no. 2 (2017): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23271.

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12

Kraft, Nathan J. B., Oscar Godoy, and Jonathan M. Levine. "Plant functional traits and the multidimensional nature of species coexistence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 3 (2015): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1413650112.

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Understanding the processes maintaining species diversity is a central problem in ecology, with implications for the conservation and management of ecosystems. Although biologists often assume that trait differences between competitors promote diversity, empirical evidence connecting functional traits to the niche differences that stabilize species coexistence is rare. Obtaining such evidence is critical because traits also underlie the average fitness differences driving competitive exclusion, and this complicates efforts to infer community dynamics from phenotypic patterns. We coupled field-

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13

DELIGNIERES, D., A. MARCELLINI, J. BRISSWALTER, and P. LEGROS. "SELF-PERCEPTION OF FITNESS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3 (1994): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3.843.

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14

Robins, J. G., and K. B. Jensen. "Characterization of fitness traits in thickspike wheatgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 5 (2008): 925–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08020.

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Poor seed production and stand establishment are limitations to the use of thickspike wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould] in rangeland re-vegetation projects. This study assessed the heritability of seed production, rhizome proliferation, and biomass production and genotypic correlations among these traits in a population of half-sib thickspike wheatgrass families at a site near Nephi, UT, USA during 2005 and 2006. Heritability estimates were ~ 0.6 for seed production and rhizome spread, but non-significant for biomass production. Genotypic correlations among the tra

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Delignières, D., A. Marcellini, J. Brisswalter, and P. Legros. "Self-Perception of Fitness and Personality Traits." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3 (1994): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259407800333.

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Our aim was to analyze how subjects perceive their own physical fitness. In Study 1 the 247 subjects assessed their own fitness, endurance, strength, flexibility, and body composition according to specific category scales. Analyses showed that self-perceived physical fitness was mainly related to perceived cardiovascular endurance. According to sex and age, strength, flexibility, and body composition could have a significant influence. The scores obtained on the five scales were highly correlated, suggesting they were overdetermined by a more general factor assimilated to physical self-worth.

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16

Chapman, Tracey. "Seminal fluid-mediated fitness traits in Drosophila." Heredity 87, no. 5 (2001): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00961.x.

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17

Klasios, John. "Cognitive Traits as Sexually Selected Fitness Indicators." Review of General Psychology 17, no. 4 (2013): 428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034391.

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18

Rousset, François, and Ophélie Ronce. "Inclusive fitness for traits affecting metapopulation demography." Theoretical Population Biology 65, no. 2 (2004): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2003.09.003.

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19

Desjardins, A. E., and R. D. Plattner. "Diverse traits for pathogen fitness inGibberella zeae." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 25, no. 1 (2003): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060660309507045.

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20

Smith, A. D., A. L. S. Houde, B. Neff, and P. R. Peres-Neto. "Effects of competition on fitness-related traits." Oecologia 183, no. 3 (2017): 701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3816-5.

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21

Acasuso-Rivero, Cristina, Courtney J. Murren, Carl D. Schlichting, and Ulrich K. Steiner. "Adaptive phenotypic plasticity for life-history and less fitness-related traits." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1904 (2019): 20190653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0653.

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Organisms are faced with variable environments and one of the most common solutions to cope with such variability is phenotypic plasticity, a modification of the phenotype to the environment. These modifications are commonly modelled in evolutionary theories as adaptive, influencing ecological and evolutionary processes. If plasticity is adaptive, we would predict that the closer to fitness a trait is, the less plastic it would be. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a meta-analysis of 213 studies and measured the plasticity of each reported trait as a coefficient of variation. Traits were c

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Scharnagl, Anna, Mark A. Genung, Liza M. Holeski, and Nicholas J. Kooyers. "Life history and chemical defense interact to drive patterns of adaptation in an annual monkeyflower." Evolution 77, no. 2 (2022): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac048.

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Abstract Although chemical defenses and herbivore pressure are widely established as key targets and agents of selection, their roles in local adaptation and determining potential evolutionary responses to changing climates are often neglected. Here, we explore fitness differences between 11 rangewide M. guttatus populations in a field common garden experiment and assess the agents and targets of selection driving relative fitness patterns. We use piecewise structural equation models to disentangle associations between chemical defenses, (phenylpropanoid glycosides; PPGs), and life history tra

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23

Doekes, Harmen P., Piter Bijma, and Jack J. Windig. "How Depressing Is Inbreeding? A Meta-Analysis of 30 Years of Research on the Effects of Inbreeding in Livestock." Genes 12, no. 6 (2021): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060926.

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Inbreeding depression has been widely documented for livestock and other animal and plant populations. Inbreeding is generally expected to have a stronger unfavorable effect on fitness traits than on other traits. Traditionally, the degree of inbreeding depression in livestock has been estimated as the slope of the linear regression of phenotypic values on pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients. With the increasing availability of SNP-data, pedigree inbreeding can now be replaced by SNP-based measures. We performed a meta-analysis of 154 studies, published from 1990 to 2020 on seven livestock

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24

Dennett, Daniel, and Ryan McKay. "A continuum of mindfulness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 4 (2006): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06299084.

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Mesoudi et al. overlook an illuminating parallel between cultural and biological evolution, namely, the existence in each realm of a continuum from intelligent, mindful evolution through to oblivious, mindless evolution. In addition, they underplay the independence of cultural fitness from biological fitness. The assumption that successful cultural traits enhance genetic fitness must be sidelined, as must the assumption that such traits will at least be considered worth having.

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25

Sharp, Nathaniel P., and Aneil F. Agrawal. "An experimental test of the mutation-selection balance model for the maintenance of genetic variance in fitness components." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1890 (2018): 20181864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1864.

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Despite decades of research, the factors that maintain genetic variation for fitness are poorly understood. It is unclear what fraction of the variance in a typical fitness component can be explained by mutation-selection balance (MSB) and whether fitness components differ in this respect. In theory, the level of standing variance in fitness due to MSB can be predicted using the rate of fitness decline under mutation accumulation, and this prediction can be directly compared to the standing variance observed. This approach allows for controlled statistical tests of the sufficiency of the MSB m

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Cai, Feng, Renwei Gao, Zheng Zhao, et al. "Evolutionary compromises in fungal fitness: hydrophobins can hinder the adverse dispersal of conidiospores and challenge their survival." ISME Journal 14, no. 10 (2020): 2610–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0709-0.

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Abstract Fungal evolutionary biology is impeded by the scarcity of fossils, irregular life cycles, immortality, and frequent asexual reproduction. Simple and diminutive bodies of fungi develop inside a substrate and have exceptional metabolic and ecological plasticity, which hinders species delimitation. However, the unique fungal traits can shed light on evolutionary forces that shape the environmental adaptations of these taxa. Higher filamentous fungi that disperse through aerial spores produce amphiphilic and highly surface-active proteins called hydrophobins (HFBs), which coat spores and

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GARCÍA-DORADO, A., C. LÓPEZ-FANJUL, and A. CABALLERO. "Properties of spontaneous mutations affecting quantitative traits." Genetical Research 74, no. 3 (1999): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672399004206.

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Recent mutation accumulation results from invertebrate species suggest that mild deleterious mutation is far less frequent than previously thought, implying smaller expressed mutational loads. Although the rate (λ) and effect (s) of very slight deleterious mutation remain unknown, most mutational fitness decline would come from moderately deleterious mutation (s ≈ 0·2, λ ≈ 0·03), and this situation would not qualitatively change in harsh environments. Estimates of the average coefficient of dominance (h¯) of non-severe deleterious mutations are controversial. The typical value of h¯ = 0·4 can

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Vorburger, C., and N. Ramsauer. "Genetic variation and covariation of aphid life-history traits across unrelated host plants." Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, no. 6 (2008): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005853.

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AbstractA central paradigm of life-history theory is the existence of resource mediated trade-offs among different traits that contribute to fitness, yet observations inconsistent with this tenet are not uncommon. We previously found a clonal population of the aphid Myzus persicae to exhibit positive genetic correlations among major components of fitness, resulting in strong heritable fitness differences on a common host. This raises the question of how this genetic variation is maintained. One hypothesis states that variation for resource acquisition on different hosts may override variation

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Frankham, R. "Are responses to artificial selection for reproductive fitness characters consistently asymmetrical?" Genetical Research 56, no. 1 (1990): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300028858.

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SummaryNon-linear offspring-parent regressions and heritabilities are expected for characters showing genetic asymmetry due to directional dominance and/or asymmetrical gene frequencies. Since reproductive fitness characters exhibit these characteristics, they should show consistently nonlinear heritabilities, with greater heritabilities in the direction of lower fitness. As a consequence, responses to bi-directional selection on fitness traits should be asymmetrical in the same direction. This prediction has been tested by an analysis of published bi-directional selection experiments for repr

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Bonier, Frances, and Paul R. Martin. "How can we estimate natural selection on endocrine traits? Lessons from evolutionary biology." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1843 (2016): 20161887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1887.

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An evolutionary perspective can enrich almost any endeavour in biology, providing a deeper understanding of the variation we see in nature. To this end, evolutionary endocrinologists seek to describe the fitness consequences of variation in endocrine traits. Much of the recent work in our field, however, follows a flawed approach to the study of how selection shapes endocrine traits. Briefly, this approach relies on among-individual correlations between endocrine phenotypes (often circulating hormone levels) and fitness metrics to estimate selection on those endocrine traits. Adaptive plastici

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Vila-Aiub. "Fitness of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Current Knowledge and Implications for Management." Plants 8, no. 11 (2019): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8110469.

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Herbicide resistance is the ultimate evidence of the extraordinary capacity of weeds to evolve under stressful conditions. Despite the extraordinary plant fitness advantage endowed by herbicide resistance mutations in agroecosystems under herbicide selection, resistance mutations are predicted to exhibit an adaptation cost (i.e., fitness cost), relative to the susceptible wild-type, in herbicide untreated conditions. Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations are not universal and their expression depends on the particular mutation, genetic background, dominance of the fitnes

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Howrigan, Daniel P., and Kevin B. MacDonald. "Humor as a Mental Fitness Indicator." Evolutionary Psychology 6, no. 4 (2008): 147470490800600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470490800600411.

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To explain the pervasive role of humor in human social interaction and among mating partner preferences, Miller (2000a) proposed that intentional humor evolved as an indicator of intelligence. To test this, we looked at the relationships among rater-judged humor, general intelligence, and the Big Five personality traits in a sample of 185 college-age students (115 women, 70 men). General intelligence positively predicted rater-judged humor, independent of the Big Five personality traits. Extraversion also predicted rater-judged humor, although to a lesser extent than general intelligence. Gene

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Parsons, Peter A. "Do Energetic Costs Underlie Variability and Evolutionary Potential Across Variably Stressful Environments?" Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 52, no. 3-4 (2006): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee_52_3-4_423.

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Stress can be viewed as an environmental probe that targets energy carriers, and hence can determine the energetic efficiency or fitness to survive. Thus, variability and evolutionary potential are interpreted in terms of the ecological scenario of predominantly stressful environments in the wild that restrict energy availability. This can explain how the observed variability of direct fitness traits is high at extremes of abiotic stresses, giving U-shaped curves for variability that incorporate more benign regions between the extremes. Some consistency with interpretations based upon conventi

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Øxnevad, S. A., E. Heibo, and L. A. Vøllestad. "Is there a relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and reproductive investment in perch (Perca fluviatilis)?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 1 (2002): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-215.

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Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), or random deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry, is often used as an indicator of perturbed development. Several studies attempt to correlate FA with components of individual fitness or population viability. In this study we test for a correlation between FA and four fitness traits in female Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) inhabiting acidified or non-acidified lakes. Three bilateral meristic characters were counted on each side of the fish: number of gill rakers on the lower first branchial arch, number of gill rakers on the upper first branchial arch, and nu

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35

Bernatowicz, Dominik, Paweł Izdebski, Tomasz Boraczyński, and Michał Boraczyński. "Temperamental Traits Versus Individual Physical Fitness Components and a Physical Activity Level." Journal of Human Kinetics 46, no. 1 (2015): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0049.

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AbstractThe main aim of the study was to examine whether relationships exist between particular temperamental traits within the concept of Regulative Theory of Temperament and components of physical fitness, that are most crucial for success in sport. The research involved 108 individuals including 63 men (age 21.1 ± 1.6 yrs) and 45 women (age 20.7 ± 1.3 yrs). None of the respondents were professionally engaged in sport. Components of physical fitness included: aerobic capacity, strength, agility, static-dynamic balance and reaction time. The respondents also completed two questionnaires: the

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Solmaz, Serdar, Berzan Şimşek, Sıtkı Özbek, Buşra Özcan, and Yunus Emre Yarayan. "The Effect of Gender on Personality and Psychological Well-Being in Fitness Practitioners." Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 26, no. 3 (2024): 488–97. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1563092.

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This study aims to examine the interactions between gender, personality traits, and psychological well-being. The research was conducted using data obtained from 325 fitness athletes across 22 different fitness centers in Turkey. Participants ranged from 17 to 45 years old and had engaged in fitness activities for at least one year. Data were collected through both online and paper-based surveys. The study investigates the effects of personality dimensions such as extraversion and emotional stability on psychological well-being within the framework of the five-factor personality model. Finding

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Wilson, Jacob D., Sophia C. Anner, Shannon M. Murphy, and Robin M. Tinghitella. "Consequences of advanced maternal age on reproductive investment by male offspring." Journal of Orthoptera Research 29, no. 1 (2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.39228.

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Maternal age can have contrasting effects on a variety of offspring fitness traits. While the effects of maternal age on offspring traits that are not sex-specific, such as body size and growth rate, as well as on traits specific to females, have been well researched, traits that are specific to male offspring have been understudied. Across taxa, male reproductive investment is a particularly salient component of fitness, especially when females mate with several males. We tested whether maternal age affects the reproductive traits of their male offspring by comparing the investment made by ma

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Wilson, Jacob D., Sophia C. Anner, Shannon M. Murphy, and Robin M. Tinghitella. "Consequences of advanced maternal age on reproductive investment by male offspring." Journal of Orthoptera Research 29, no. (1) (2020): 71–76. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.39228.

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Maternal age can have contrasting effects on a variety of offspring fitness traits. While the effects of maternal age on offspring traits that are not sex-specific, such as body size and growth rate, as well as on traits specific to females, have been well researched, traits that are specific to male offspring have been understudied. Across taxa, male reproductive investment is a particularly salient component of fitness, especially when females mate with several males. We tested whether maternal age affects the reproductive traits of their male offspring by comparing the investment made by ma

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Devlin, Robert H., Janine Supernault, Salvador A. Gezan, et al. "Environmental and genetic influences on fitness-related traits in a hatchery coho salmon population." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 78, no. 7 (2021): 852–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0383.

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Many natural and managed organisms will require substantial functional genetic variation to respond to selection in the face of rapid environmental change. Pacific salmon have experienced strong fluctuations in critical fitness traits over the past five decades. We examined genetic and phenotypic variability over three generations in a pedigreed hatchery population of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by monitoring seven fitness-related traits. Three-year-old adult return numbers varied more than fivefold, and jack (2-year-old males) numbers varied 13-fold. Body sizes of Inch Creek coho salmo

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Agha, Ramsy, Alina Gross, Melanie Gerphagnon, Thomas Rohrlack, and Justyna Wolinska. "Fitness and eco-physiological response of a chytrid fungal parasite infecting planktonic cyanobacteria to thermal and host genotype variation." Parasitology 145, no. 10 (2018): 1279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018000215.

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AbstractUnderstanding how individual parasite traits contribute to overall fitness, and how they are modulated by both external and host environment, is crucial for predicting disease outcome. Fungal (chytrid) parasites of phytoplankton are important yet poorly studied pathogens with the potential to modulate the abundance and composition of phytoplankton communities and to drive their evolution. Here, we studied life-history traits of a chytrid parasite infecting the planktonic, bloom-forming cyanobacterium Planktothrix spp. under host genotype and thermal variation. When expressing parasite

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Savolainen, O., and P. Hedrick. "Heterozygosity and fitness: no association in Scots pine." Genetics 140, no. 2 (1995): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/140.2.755.

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Abstract The association of six quantitative traits related to fitness with heterozygosity at 12 allozyme loci has been examined in three populations of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris. Because of several characteristics of this organism and of this extensive data set, it appeared that this study would show a positive association between heterozygosity and these traits if indeed heterozygotes had higher values for these quantitative traits. Using several different statistical techniques including analysis of variance, regression with the scaling recommended from the adaptive distance model, and m

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Walker, Merle, and B. Jo Hailey. "Physical Fitness Levels and Psychological States versus Traits." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 1 (1987): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.1.15.

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10 men and 12 women joggers who had recently completed assessment of their aerobic capacity, were given the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List, and Scales K, 2, 7, 9, and 9–2 (Psychomotor acceleration) from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Multiple regression equations were constructed separately for each sex to determine the effect of statistical control of psychological states on the correlations between aerobic capacity and personality traits. The correlations between aerobic capacity and Factor B (Intelligence) for men

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Laughlin, Daniel C., Jennifer R. Gremer, Peter B. Adler, Rachel M. Mitchell, and Margaret M. Moore. "The Net Effect of Functional Traits on Fitness." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 35, no. 11 (2020): 1037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2020.07.010.

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Lindhé, B. "Selection indices for dairy cattle including fitness traits." Archives Animal Breeding 42, no. 1 (1999): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-42-5-1999.

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McGuigan, Katrina, and Mark W. Blows. "JOINT ALLELIC EFFECTS ON FITNESS AND METRIC TRAITS." Evolution 67, no. 4 (2012): 1131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01833.x.

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Gutiérrez, Fernando, Miguel Gárriz, Josep M. Peri, et al. "Fitness costs and benefits of personality disorder traits." Evolution and Human Behavior 34, no. 1 (2013): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.09.001.

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Karsai, I., K. Mészáros, L. Láng, and Z. Bedő. "Changes in agronomic traits affected by photoperiod and vernalization in a group of wild barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 53, no. 1 (2005): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.53.2005.1.11.

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The effect of vernalization response and photoperiod sensitivity on reproductive fitness and agronomic traits was examined in a group of 16 H. spontaneum accessions and 8 H. vulgare cultivars in controlled environments. The whole range of plant developmental and agronomic traits was determined by vernalization. The reproductive fitness was severely impaired when the vernalization requirements of the plants were not saturated. Variation in the magnitude of vernalization response significantly correlated with several traits. A larger decrease in reproductive tiller number, average seed number an

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Bünger, Lutz, Ronald M. Lewis, Max F. Rothschild, Agustin Blasco, Ulla Renne, and Geoff Simm. "Relationships between quantitative and reproductive fitness traits in animals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1459 (2005): 1489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1679.

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The relationships between quantitative and reproductive fitness traits in animals are of general biological importance for the development of population genetic models and our understanding of evolution, and of great direct economical importance in the breeding of farm animals. Two well investigated quantitative traits—body weight (BW) and litter size (LS)—were chosen as the focus of our review. The genetic relationships between them are reviewed in fishes and several mammalian species. We have focused especially on mice where data are most abundant. In mice, many individual genes influencing

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Chiu, Hsuan-Chao, Christopher J. Marx, and Daniel Segrè. "Epistasis from functional dependence of fitness on underlying traits." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1745 (2012): 4156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1449.

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Epistasis between mutations in two genes is thought to reflect an interdependence of their functions. While sometimes epistasis is predictable using mechanistic models, its roots seem, in general, hidden in the complex architecture of biological networks. Here, we ask how epistasis can be quantified based on the mathematical dependence of a system-level trait (e.g. fitness) on lower-level traits (e.g. molecular or cellular properties). We first focus on a model in which fitness is the difference between a benefit and a cost trait, both pleiotropically affected by mutations. We show that despit

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Lin, Jing-Zhong. "The relationship between loci for mating system and fitness-related traits in Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae): A test for deleterious pleiotropy of QTLs with large effects." Genome 43, no. 4 (2000): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g00-032.

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Loci with large phenotypic effects are generally not thought to be important in the evolution of quantitative traits because of their deleterious pleiotropic effects, yet empirical studies of such pleiotropic effects are lacking. Here I use molecular markers to test the extent of deleterious pleiotropy of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have large effects on mating system differences between the wild plants Mimulus guttatus and M. platycalyx (Scrophulariaceae). Six fitness-related traits, namely germination rate (GR), number of nodes (NN), number of flowers (NF), plant height (HT), above-g

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