Academic literature on the topic 'Five axis milling'

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Journal articles on the topic "Five axis milling"

1

Warkentin, A., S. Bedi, and F. Ismail. "Five-axis milling of spherical surfaces." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 36, no. 2 (February 1996): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6955(95)98763-w.

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2

Gdula, Michal, Jan Burek, Lukasz Zylka, and Marcin Plodzien. "Five-axis milling of sculptured surfaces of the turbine blade." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2015-0242.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of a toroidal cutter axis orientation and a variable radius of curvature of the machined contour of sculptured surface on the five-axes milling process. Simulation and experimental research performed in this work are aimed to determine the relationship between the parameters of five-axes milling process and the shape and dimensional accuracy of curved outline of Inconel 718 alloy workpiece. Design/methodology/approach A subject of research are sculptured surfaces of the turbine blade. Simulation research was performed using the method of direct mapping tools in the CAD environment. The machining research was carried out with the use of multi-axis machining center DMU 100 monoBLOCK DMG, equipped with rotating dynamometer to measure the components of the cutting force. To control the shape and dimensional accuracy, the coordinate measuring machine ZEISS ACCURA II was used. Findings In this paper, the effect of the toroidal cutter axis orientation and the variable radius of curvature of the machined contour on the parameters of five-axes milling process and the accuracy of the sculptured surfaces was determined. Practical implications Five-axes milling with the use of a toroidal cutter is found in the aviation industry, where sculptured surfaces of the turbine blades are machined. The results of the research allow more precise planning of five-axes milling and increase of the turbine blades accuracy. Originality/value This paper significantly complements the current state of knowledge in the field of five-axes milling of turbine blades in terms of their accuracy.
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Kao, Yung Chou, Mau Sheng Chen, and Tzu Hao Chiu. "Development of a Web-Based Virtual Five-Axis Milling Toolpath Simulation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1816.

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Virtual machine tool has been used in the toolpath simulation of a real machine tool with very promising achievement in teaching assistance. However, a five-axis milling machine is generally very expensive in comparison with traditional three-axis milling machine in its configuration. This is mostly resulted from the addition of two more rotational axes in five-axis machine. This paper focuses on the development of a Web-based five-axis milling machining toolpath simulation system so as to facilitate the comprehensive understanding of students and to ease the explanation of operations. A user can access the developed system through the web browsers such as the Microsoft Internet Explorer and Google Chrome as long as the Java Runtime Environment and OpenGL are installed. Three general configurations of five-axis milling machine tool have been implemented including Head-Head, Head-Table, and Table-Table. Furthermore, five-axis post-processing is generally a bottleneck in the popularization of toolpath simulation. An intelligent distributed agent-based post-processor has been integrated in this system. For example, an APT file created by the usage of Catia CAD/CAM software according to a five-axis toolpath could be post-processed by the developed system for the generation of a five-axis NC program. This NC program could then be simulated in the proposed system. The developed system has been successfully implemented and shown very promising application in the understanding of five-axis milling operation.
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Wang, Shuang Yong, Wei Zhang, Qian Wei Zhang, Jian Hua Yang, and Peng Fei Zhang. "Reliability Analysis about A/C-Axis of Woodworking Five-Axis Milling Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.407.

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As a core feature of high-end CNC machine tools, the torque carrying performance of five-axis milling head directly affects the machining accuracy and reliability. Through theoretical analysis and derivation, combining experimental prototype, the A/C-axis cutting torque formula of five-axis milling head on woodworking is obtained. The reliability analysis provides a theoretical basis for drive motor selection and five-axis milling head structural optimization and improvement.
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Song, Qinghua, Zhanqiang Liu, Ganggang Ju, and Yi Wan. "A generalized cutting force model for five-axis milling processes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405417711970.

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A generalized mechanical model is proposed to predict cutting forces for five-axis milling process of sculptured surfaces with generalized milling cutter, which is considered as a revolution around tool axis of an arbitrary section curve composed of variable lines and curves. Solid-analytical-based method is presented and extended to precisely and efficiently identify the cutter–workpiece engagements between the generalized milling cutter and workpiece being machined. And the undeformed chip thickness is calculated with respect to pre-defined tool coordinate system, which is regarded as the transformation form of feed cross–feed normal system by lead and tilt angles. Although only two experimental validations (peripheral milling with cylinder end mill and multi-axis milling with ball end mill) are performed to estimate the robustness and flexibility of the method presented, it can be applied for an arbitrary mill geometry in multi-axis milling as well as three-axis milling, two-and-a-half-axis milling. Finally, a case study of aero-engine impeller five-axis milling with ball end mill is performed to further illustrate the validation of the model.
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Пономарев, Б., Boris Ponomarev, Хьен Нгуен, and Hien Nguyen. "DYNAMICS OF FIVE-AXIS END MILLING PROCESS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5d35d0b677dc74.96046396.

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The article presents the experimental results of the influences of machining conditions and tool orientation on cutting forces during the end milling of free-form surfaces. A series of experiments are carried out on the machining of steel 3 blanks on a five-axis milling machine model HSC 75 linear using 2-flute and 4-flute ball end mills from MITSUBISHI with diameters from 5 mm to 10 mm. The dependency diagrams and graphs of cutting forces and their projections on cutting time are given at different spindle speeds, feeds per tooth, depths of cut, tilt angles and lead angle when using different ball end mills. Based on the results of the analysis of experimental data, the theoretical conclusion about the increase in cutting forces with increasing feed per tooth, cutting depth and spindle speed in relation to the ball end milling process is confirmed. The critical tool positions with respect to the surface, at which cutting forces have maximum values, are revealed. The obtained results allow developing recommendations for the choice of the tool position during end milling of free-form surfaces to reduce loads on the tool
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Bondar, Inna, and Dmitrij Krivoruchko. "Five-axis machining on CNC milling machines." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 7(1229) (May 13, 2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2017.07.02.

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Yu, Guang. "General tool correction for five-axis milling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 10, no. 6 (November 1995): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01179400.

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Terrier, M., M. Giménez, and J.-Y. Hascoët. "VERNE - a five-axis parallel kinematics milling machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x30177.

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Ten years ago a new kind of machine tool was presented in Chicago, based on parallel kinematics architectures. Since then, many of these parallel kinematics machines (PKMs) have been developed around the world. Their main interest lies in their high dynamic characteristics, which could help in going faster in high-speed milling. In order to develop high-speed milling on PKM tools and to highlight their potentialities, the French laboratory IRCCyN is now equipped with the VERNE. This PKM tool has been developed by the Spanish company Fatronik. However, the high-speed milling production process is a complex task, in which a great number of parameters influence the final precision of the part and the productivity of the machine. For example, the NC (numerical control) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) parameters (feed forward, milling strategies, etc.), the piece geometry, the machine structure, the tool, etc., have a direct consequence on the final part. Hence, a method has been developed in order to check the capability of the machine (either serial or parallel) in milling, which relies on two approaches. The first one is an experimental approach (either using a coordinate measuring machine or acquiring the output axis encoders), while the second one is a simulated approach. After introducing the kinematics of the VERNE, the experimental approach performed so far will be presented.
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Chen, Yong, Mei Fa Huang, Bo Shi, Meng Meng Xiao, Ru Kai Hu, and Jiang Sheng Tang. "Kinematic Analysis and Simulation of an A/C Axes Bi-Rotary Milling Head with Zero Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 625 (December 2012): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.625.146.

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Because of the flexible kinematic characteristic of five-axis-linkage machining center it is widely used to process complex parts. The milling head is the key functional component of the five-axis machining center, therefore study of the milling head is of vital importance. The A/C axes bi-rotary milling head is the most common used structures. The current mechanical A/C axes bi-rotary milling head is mostly with large volume and small rotation range. This paper presents an A/C axes bi-rotary milling head with zero transmission in small volume. To understand the kinetic characteristics of the A/C axes bi-rotary milling head with zero transmission, we apply D-H parameter method to establish displacement equations, speed equations, and acceleration equations. SolidWorks is then utilized to build the virtual prototyping model of the designed mechanism. Motion module of SolidWorks is also used to carry out the kinematics simulation. The experimental results show that the mechanism could achieve the rotation of A/C axes and smooth motion trajectory. The rotation range of A-axis could reach ±120°.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Five axis milling"

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Ferry, William Benjamin Stewart. "Virtual five-axis flank milling of jet engine impellers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/993.

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This thesis presents models and algorithms necessary to simulate the five-axis flank milling of jet-engine impellers in a virtual environment. The impellers are used in the compression stage of the engine and are costly, difficult to machine, and time-consuming to manufacture. To improve the productivity of the flank milling operations, a procedure to predict and optimize the cutting process is proposed. The contributions of the thesis include a novel cutter-workpiece engagement calculation algorithm, a five-axis flank milling cutting mechanics model, two methods of optimizing feed rates for impeller machining tool paths and a new five-axis chatter stability algorithm. A semi-discrete, solid-modeling-based method of obtaining cutter-workpiece engagement (CWE) maps for five-axis flank milling with tapered ball-end mills is developed. It is compared against a benchmark z-buffer CWE calculation method, and is found to generate more accurate maps. A cutting force prediction model for five-axis flank milling is developed. This model is able to incorporate five-axis motion, serrated, variable-pitch, tapered, helical ball-end mills and irregular cutter-workpiece engagement maps. Simulated cutting forces are compared against experimental data collected with a rotating dynamometer. Predicted X and Y forces and cutting torque are found to have a reasonable agreement with the measured values. Two offline methods of optimizing the linear and angular feeds for the five-axis flank milling of impellers are developed. Both offer a systematic means of finding the highest feed possible, while respecting multiple constraints on the process outputs. In the thesis, application of these algorithms is shown to reduce the machining time for an impeller roughing tool path. Finally, a chatter stability algorithm is introduced that can be used to predict the stability of five-axis flank milling operations with general cutter geometry and irregular cutter-workpiece engagement maps. Currently, the new algorithm gives chatter stability predictions suitable for high speed five-axis flank milling. However, for low-speed impeller machining, these predictions are not accurate, due to the process damping that occurs in the physical system. At the time, this effect is difficult to model and is beyond the scope of the thesis.
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Thompson, Michael B. "Development of a five-axis machining algorithm in flat end mill roughing /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd823.pdf.

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Hendriko, ? "Advanced virtual simulation for optimal cutting parameters control in five axis milling." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22464/document.

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La thèse concerne l’usinage à 5 axes de formes complexes. Le but est d’estimer le plus précisément possible les efforts induits par la coupe pour ajuster la vitesse d’avance et gagner en performance. Pour cela, il est nécessaire d’estimer les engagements radial et axial de la fraise à chaque instant. Ce calcul est rendu particulièrement complexe à cause de la forme de la pièce, de la forme du brut et de la complexité de la géométrie de l’outil. Les méthodes usuelles par Zbuffer sont particulièrement couteuses en temps de calcul. Dans ces travaux nous proposons une méthode de calcul rapide à partir d’une modélisation du contact dans toutes les situations envisageables. Différentes simulations et expérimentations ont permis de valider la précision expérimentalement
This study presents a simple method to define the Cutter Workpiece Engagement (CWE) during sculptured surface machining in five-axis milling. The instantaneous CWE was defined by determining two engagement points, lowermost engagement (LE)-point and uppermost engagement (UE)-point. LE-point was calculated using a method called grazing method. Meanwhile the UE-point was calculated using a combination of discretization and analytical method. During rough milling and semi-finish milling, the workpiece surface was represented by vertical vector. The method called Toroidal–boundary was employed to obtain the UE-point when it was located on cutting tool at toroidal side. On the other hand, the method called Cylindrical-boundary was used to calculate the UE-point for flat-end cutter and cylindrical side of toroidal cutter. For a free-form workpiece surface, a hybrid method, which is a combination of analytical method and discrete method, was used. All the CWE models proposed in this study were verified and the results proved that the proposed method were accurate. The efficiency of the proposed model in generating CWE was also compared with Z-mapping method. The result confirmed that the proposed model was more efficient in term of computational time. The CWE model was also applied for supporting the method to predict cutting forces. The test results showed that the predicted cutting force has a good agreement with the cutting force generated from the experimental work
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Cengiz, Ender. "Development Of Postprocessor, Simulation And Verification Software For A Five-axis Cnc Milling Machine." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606565/index.pdf.

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Five-axis CNC milling machine tools bring great facility to produce complex workpieces with increased dimensional accuracy and better surface quality in shorter machining times. However, kinematics of five-axis machine tools has a complex form which makes it difficult to operate these machine tools properly. The difficulty arises from the complexity of NC-Code generation and tool path verification. Collision of machine tool or setup components with each other is a severe problem in five-axis machining operations and usually results from inadequate postprocessors or insufficient collision checking due to absence of well-prepared simulation and verification programs. Five-axis CNC machine tool owners may get rid of this problem by purchasing commercial postprocessors, simulation and verification programs. However, these programs are expensive and small and medium enterprises (SME&rsquo
s) usually cannot afford the costs of these programs. In the related libraries of commercial programs, there is great number of CNC machine tools, which is generally unnecessary for SME&rsquo
s. An alternative to overcome this problem is to develop particular program, which is capable of postprocessing, simulating and verifying milling operations, for each certain five-axis CNC machine tool. In this study, a software named &ldquo
Manus 1.0&rdquo
, which performs postprocessing and simulation processes, has been developed for the high speed &ldquo
Mazak Variaxis 630-5X&rdquo
CNC five-axis machine tool, located in METU-BILTIR Center. Moreover, tool path verification algorithms have been developed to detect collisions. The software has been written in Borland C++ Builder5.0. The developed program has been tested in sample milling operations and satisfactory results have been achieved.
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Werkmeister, Jaime Brooke 1977. "Design and fabrication of the MesoMill : a five-axis milling machine for meso-scaled parts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27142.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115).
With the increased prevalence of meso-scaled products, new tools are being developed to bridge the gap between fabrication processes tailored for micrometer and millimeter sized features. Compared to its traditional counterpart, a small machine tool designed for meso-scale could potentially have a smaller overall footprint, shorter structural loop and lower cost than a conventional machine; in addition, a small machine presents opportunities for improved machine metrology, and easier environmental control. This paper describes the design of the MesoMill: a test machine designed to evaluate the use of components new to the design of machining centers including wire capstan drives, ball-screw splines, and an air bearing spindle with an integral Z-axis.
by Jaime Brooke Werkmeister.
S.M.
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Tuysuz, Oguzhan. "Prediction of cutting forces in three- and five-axis ball-end milling with tool indentation effect." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/40071.

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In machining, the desired final shape is created in Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment and this information is forwarded to Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) phase in which the toolpath is generated and converted to machine specific commands for part manufacturing. The steps in CAD/CAM environments are geometry dependent only, and do not include the physics of the process. However, mathematical modeling of the machining operation gives the flexibility of identifying and resolving process related issues i.e. tool breakage, chatter vibrations and tolerance violations beforehand, which in turn leads to increased productivity. The first step of process modeling is to model the mechanics of the operation that leads to the prediction of the cutting forces experienced by the cutting tool and the workpiece. In this study the mechanics of ball-end tool which is commonly used to machine parts with free-form geometric features are studied. The main problem in ball-end milling mechanics is tool indentation which leads to inaccurate force prediction in tool axial direction, and has previously been solved experimentally only for specific cases. This thesis presents a generalized ball-end tool indentation detection and indentation force prediction model for any kind of work material and cutting tool geometry combinations. The static ball-end milling forces with indentation forces are predicted by developing an analytical cutting edge indentation model. The proposed model utilizes indentation mechanics of punch and wedge shape indenters, describes the required conditions for indentation occurrence and evaluates plastic and elastic contact pressures at the cutting edge and workpiece interface using the material properties of the workpiece. Cutting edge indentation mechanism is also studied through finite element (FE) modeling. A general FE model is obtained for the problem and results are reported only for the material cut in the thesis. The model proposed in the thesis has been verified experimentally. After integrating the developed indentation force prediction model into the cutting force model, predictions in tool axial direction are improved by 15-40% depending on type of the operation. The contribution of the thesis can be used in cutting force based ball-end milling process optimization and analysis for industrial applications.
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Skácel, Jan. "Využití parametrického programování pro obrábění obecných ploch." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232184.

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Pekárek, Mojmír. "C osa pro výměnné hlavy u frézovacích obráběcích center s vodorovnou osou vřetena center smykadlového typu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417760.

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This thesis deals with designing of C axis for interchangeable heads for milling machining centres with horizontal spindle centre of the slide type. It’s divided into three parts, whereas the first part contains theoretical introduction to the problematic. The second part deals with systematic analysis of the topic and choosing the right variant for elaboration. The last part forms construction design of the chosen variant, which contains notes on the solution proce-dure, calculations and visualization in form of 3D models.
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Dvořáček, Jan. "Analýza silového zatížení řezného nástroje při pětiosém frézování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228829.

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The diploma thesis is focused on machining using the ball-end shank mill. Content of the preliminary part of the work is a shank mill characteristic and a consequent part shows a splitting of ball-end milling cutters, its application, the cutting tool geometry and a characteristic signs of machining. The cutting force model of the ball-end mill is presented as well. A part of proposed model is the conversion of the resultant force too. Practical part is aimed at cutting force analysis of the ball-end mill and the main purpose of this part is a quantification of the cutting force for different work piece tilt angles while milling is performed.
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Liang, Hung-Pin, and 梁宏彬. "Multi-axis Milling of Spherical Surfaces by Five-axis Machining Center." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4hmzx6.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
製造科技研究所
95
Recently, many product designers of various industries, such as automobile, semiconductor, electronic parts, and mold industries tend to design products featured with complex surface. Request for the efficiency, accuracy and machining of these complex surface, it is the important way to achieve competition advantage by developing high efficiency, accuracy, and quality five-axis machining techniques. This paper attempts to develop key technology used in die machining with spherical surface by application of the CAD/CAM software and 5-axis machining center. The goal of the study is to find the optimal machining parameters for better surface finish, and thus significantly reduce time, cost, and error in further bench working. In this study, a commercial CAD/CAM Software is used to plan and generate the multi-axis tool path, and a table rotating/tilting type five-axis machining center is used to perform the experimental machining operation. The material of the die studied is NAK 80 die tool steel, and the geometries are modeled as concave and convex spherical surfaces. Milling parameters considered are spindle speed, feed rate, and different types of cutting tool path. The experimental results show that the surface roughness for concave spherical surface is about 0.247 μm and roundness is about 0.0283 mm and the surface roughness for convex spherical surface is about 0.250 μm and spherical roundness is about 0.0551 mm under the cutting conditions mentioned in this study. It is believed that the results and methods presented in the thesis give a good reference for industry.
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Books on the topic "Five axis milling"

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Makhanov, S. S. Advanced numerical methods to optimize cutting operations of five-axis milling machines. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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Anotaipaiboon, Weerachai, and Stanislav S. Makhanov. Advanced Numerical Methods to Optimize Cutting Operations of Five Axis Milling Machines. Springer, 2009.

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Advanced Numerical Methods to Optimize Cutting Operations of Five-Axis Milling Machines. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71121-6.

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Advanced Numerical Methods to Optimize Cutting Operations of Five Axis Milling Machines. Springer, 2010.

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Anotaipaiboon, Weerachai, and Stanislav S. Makhanov. Advanced Numerical Methods to Optimize Cutting Operations of Five Axis Milling Machines (Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing). Springer, 2007.

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Makhanov, Stanislav, and Weerachai Anotaipaiboon. Advanced Numerical Methods to Optimize Cutting Operations of Five Axis Milling Machines (Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing). 2nd ed. Springer, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Five axis milling"

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Brecher, Christian, Wolfram Lohse, and Mirco Vitr. "CAx Framework for Planning Five-Axis Milling Processes." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 419–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10430-5_32.

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Cheng, Yongzhi, Caihua Xiong, Tao Ye, and Hongkai Cheng. "Five-Axis Milling Simulation Based on B-rep Model." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 22–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25486-4_3.

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Suh, Suk-Hwan, and Jung-Jae Lee. "Flank Milling of Ruled Surface with Additionally-Five-Axis CNC Machine." In Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering, 389–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5588-5_39.

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Chen, Ying, Gang Chen, Yu Sun, Longyuan Xu, Mingtian Liu, and Yuyao Chen. "Initial Path Optimization of Equal Residual Height Algorithms Based on Ring Cutter Five-Axis Milling." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 122–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25128-4_16.

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Guo, Qiang, Yuwen Sun, Feifei Xu, and Zhenyuan Jia. "Prediction of Cutting Forces Integrated Run-Out Effect for Five-Axis Peripheral Milling with a Cylindrical Cutter." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 565–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16587-0_52.

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Hendriko, O., Emmanuel Duc, and Gandjar Kiswanto. "Analytical Method for Obtaining Cutter Workpiece Engagement in Five-Axis Milling. Part 3: Flat-End Cutter and Free-Form Workpiece Surface." In Advances in Sustainable and Competitive Manufacturing Systems, 705–16. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00557-7_58.

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Kochan, D., and D. Fichtner. "USER SUPPORT AND EXPERIENCES FOR CAD/CAM PROCESS CHAINS FOR FIVE AXIS MILLING." In Human Aspects in Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 639–53. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89465-6.50058-2.

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Wolny, Ryszard. "Evaluation of Accuracy of Five-Axis CNC Milling Machine on the Basis of Test Piece Machining." In Proceedings of the 29th International DAAAM Symposium 2018, 0164–68. DAAAM International Vienna, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2507/29th.daaam.proceedings.023.

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Ameddah, Hacene. "Integrated Kinematic Machining Error Compensation for Impeller Rough Tool Paths Programming in a Step-Nc Format Using Neural Network Approach Prediction." In Artificial Neural Network Applications in Business and Engineering, 144–70. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3238-6.ch007.

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The most important components used in aerospace, ships, and automobiles are designed with free form surfaces. An impeller is one of the most important components that are difficult to machine because of its twisted blades. This research book is based on the premise that a STEP-NC program can document “generic” manufacturing information for an impeller. This way, a STEP-NC program can be made machine-independent and has an advantage over the conventional G-code-based NC program that is always generated for a specific CNC machine. Rough machining is recognized as the most crucial procedure influencing machining efficiency and is critical for the finishing process. The research work reported in this chapter focuses on introduces a fully STEP-compliant CNC by putting forward an interpolation algorithm for non uniform rational basic spline (NURBS) curve system for rough milling tool paths with an aim to solve the problems of kinematic errors solutions in five axis machine by neural network implementation.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Christopher W. Hoagstrom and Charles R. Berry. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch11.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—We reviewed native fish zoogeography in 22 major tributary basins of the Missouri River basin in the Great Plains geomorphic province and used island biogeographical approaches to study the influence of basin area and isolation on faunal composition. Basin area was correlated with elevation range and basin isolation was negatively correlated with annual freeze-free days. Ninety-six species were native to the tributary basins. Ninety-one were of southern (Gulf of Mexico drainage) origin. Fifty were found in four or fewer tributary basins and, except for three mountain species, were only found from the Cheyenne basin downstream. Twenty-five widespread species were either present among tributary basins during glaciation or colonized the region during recession of the continental glaciers. Sixty-six more restricted species presumably colonized more recently. Five species colonized from Pacific Ocean drainages via interdrainage connections in the Rocky Mountains. The hypothesis that variation between some closely related Great Plains fishes reflects the former presence of a prehistoric “Ancient Plains Drainage” is no longer tenable given recent geological findings, but a series of stream captures between the ancient Arkansas and Kansas basins could account for such variation. All analyses indicated that native fish faunal composition among tributary basins was heavily influenced by factors related to basin area and isolation. A presence–absence matrix of fishes by tributary basin had very high nestedness, whether ordered by basin area or basin isolation. Cluster analysis of Wilcoxon two-sample tests of individual species distributions revealed seven species groups with distinct distribution patterns. The three largest groups were most prevalent in less isolated (southern) tributary basins. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) based on Sørensen’s index of similarity indicated that two axes (both correlated with tributary basin isolation, one correlated with tributary basin area) accounted for 95% of variance between distance in the ordination space and distance in the original <em>n</em>-dimensional space. A cluster analysis of NMDS scores identified five tributary basin groups. The five southernmost basins (Kansas to White) composed one group, and the eight basins to the north (Bad to Little Missouri) composed another. The nine northernmost basins were split into three groups, one including small basins isolated from the Rocky Mountains, another including large basins with Rocky Mountain headwaters, and the last including two basins that were mostly within the Rocky Mountains. The influence of tributary basin area on faunal composition was presumably due to increased chance of colonization, higher habitat stability, and higher habitat diversity in larger tributary basins. The influence of tributary basin isolation was presumably due to higher colonization rates and more equitable climate in southern tributary basins. Fish faunas of the Missouri River basin in the Great Plains have experienced cyclical geomorphic and climatic instability for roughly 2.8 million years and were assembled like island faunas by variable colonization and extinction rates mediated by tributary basin area and isolation. This contrasts with the highly diverse freshwater fish faunas of the Central Highlands that have differentiated through speciation within regions that have been relatively stable geomorphically and climatically for more than 38 million years.
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Conference papers on the topic "Five axis milling"

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"Cutter Axis Vector Smoothing Algorithm for Five-axis Milling." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Engineering. Clausius Scientific Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/iccsie.2018.1061.

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Min, Li, Hongchang Wang, and Ying Chen. "Cutter Axis Vector Smoothing Algorithm for Five-axis Milling." In 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (AUTEEE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/auteee48671.2019.9033319.

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Ferry, W., and Y. Altintas. "Virtual Five-Axis Flank Milling of Jet Engine Impellers: Part 1 — Mechanics of Five-Axis Flank Milling." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41351.

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Jet engine impeller blades are flank-milled with tapered, helical, ball-end mills on five-axis machining centers. The impellers are made from difficult-to-cut titanium or nickel alloys, and the blades must be machined within tight tolerances. As a consequence, deflections of the tool and flexible workpiece can jeopardize the precision of the impellers during milling. This work is the first of a two part paper on cutting force prediction and feed optimization for the five-axis flank milling of an impeller. In Part I, a mathematical model for predicting cutting forces is presented for five-axis machining with tapered, helical, ball-end mills with variable pitch and serrated flutes. The cutter is divided axially into a number of differential elements, each with its own feed coordinate system due to five-axis motion. At each element, the total velocity due to translation and rotation is split into horizontal and vertical feed components, which are used to calculate total chip thickness along the cutting edge. The cutting forces for each element are calculated by transforming friction angle, shear stress and shear angle from an orthogonal cutting database to the oblique cutting plane. The distributed cutting load is digitally summed to obtain the total forces acting on the cutter and blade. The model can be used for general five-axis flank milling processes, and supports a variety of cutting tools. Predicted cutting force measurements are shown to be in reasonable agreement with those collected during a roughing operation on a prototype integrally bladed rotor (IBR).
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Ferry, W., and Y. Altintas. "Virtual Five-Axis Flank Milling of Jet Engine Impellers: Part 2 — Feed Rate Optimization of Five-Axis Flank Milling." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41353.

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This paper presents optimization schemes for the five-axis flank milling of jet engine impellers based on the mechanics model explained in Part I. The process is optimized by varying the feed automatically as the tool-workpiece engagements, i.e. the process, varies along the tool path. The feed is adjusted by limiting feed-dependent peak outputs to a set of user-defined constraints. These outputs are tool shank bending stress, tool deflection, maximum chip load (to avoid edge chipping) and the torque limit of the machine. The linear and angular feeds of the machine are optimized by two different methods — a multi-constraint based virtual adaptive control of the process and a non-linear root finding algorithm. The five-axis milling process is simulated in a virtual environment, and the resulting process outputs are stored at each position along the tool path. The process is recursively fitted to a first order process with a time varying gain and a fixed time constant, and a simple Proportional Integral controller is adaptively tuned to operate the machine at threshold levels by manipulating the feedrate. As an alternative to virtual adaptive process control, the feedrate is optimized by a non-linear root-finding algorithm. The optimum feed is solved for iteratively, respecting tool stress, tool deflection, torque and chip load constraints, using a non-linear root finding algorithm. Both methods are shown to produce almost identical optimized feed rate profiles for the roughing tool path discussed in Part I of the paper. The new feed rate profiles are shown to considerably reduce the cycle time of the impeller while avoiding process faults that may damage the part or the machine.
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Bi, Junxi, Youying Deng, Pingji He, and Xiaoyu Wang. "Research on Five-Axis NC Milling Post-Processing." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5661382.

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Chen, Hsin-Pao, Hsin-Hung Kuo, and Der-Min Tsay. "Removing Tool Marks for Impellers in Five-Axis Machining With Improved Interference-Free Tool Paths." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50205.

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The paper deals with the procedure of removing a gouge phenomenon on impeller surfaces in 5-axis machining. That is, when an impeller of a centrifugal compressor is being cut, tool marks on its surfaces may exist in finish milling due to reverse movements of moving axes along a 5-axis interference-free tool path. For generating interference-free cutter location (CL) data needed in rough and semi-finish 5-axis cutting processes, first, a simple yet useful approach is proposed. To identify the potential gouge area and to solve the problem for a tool path having reverse motion directions with its moving axes in finish milling, the CL data are further smoothed to remove the reverse movements about its rotating and tilting axes. The effectiveness of this procedure has been experimentally confirmed by successful 5-axis finish milling of an impeller without leaving tool marks on its surfaces.
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Guan, Yingjun, Yang Zhao, Deqiang Mu, and Yingzhi Guan. "Finite Element Analysis of Five-Axis Gantry Milling Machine Main Structure." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5661223.

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8

Liuxin, Zhou, and Zhang Liqiang. "Comprehensive error modeling and compensation of five-axis mirror milling machine." In 2019 3rd International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and Computer Engineering (EITCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eitce47263.2019.9094789.

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9

Suzuki, Takamaru, Takakazu Ikegami, Takayuki Akai, Toshiki Hirogaki, Eiichi Aoyama, and Keiji Ogawa. "Motion Tuning Method of Linear Axes and Rotary Axis Under a Constant Cutting Speed Vector at End-Milling Point With a Five-Axis Controlled Machining Center." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50844.

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Recently It is difficult to maintain the high surface quality ingenerating curved surface shape under five-axis controlled end-milling. In this study, we aimed at maintaining feed speed vector at milling point by controlling two linear axes and a rotary axis with a five-axis machining center, to improve machined surface quality and suggested a method for solving shape error of machined workpiece considering differences of three axes’s sarvo characteristics. As the results, it could be seen that shape error greatly decreased based on the proposed method.
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10

Bi, QingZhen, Hua Chen, Xueqi Zou, LiMin Zhu, and Han Ding. "Five-Axis Flank Milling for Design and Manufacture of Turbocharger Compressor Impeller." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25014.

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Modern turbocharging has imposed multiply stringent requirements on turbocharger compressor impellers. They must be highly efficient and quiet in operation, have longevity in service, be cheaply made and be quick to market. The traditionally cast compressor impellers are struggling to meet these demands. The turbocharger compressor impellers machined from solid have many advantages in geometric accuracy, material property and design-to-production time compared with their cast counterpart. However, the benefits of machined impeller had been hindered by high manufacturing cost. The high cost comes mainly from long machining time with traditional five-axis point milling. Compared with the point milling, five-axis flank milling has much higher material removal rate, and this significantly reduces machining cost and makes machining from solid competitive. Turbocharger industry uses to design their impellers for casting or five-axis point-milling, and the impeller blade surfaces are usually freeform surfaces. Current CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture) software has provided flank milling function for smooth straight-line-surfaces (SLS), but they cannot handle the freeform surfaces. The conversion from arbitrary surface to SLS becomes necessary. The conversion method has been developed, but few of them concern the important manufacturing constraints such as the smoothness of cutter movement and the developability of the SLS. Furthermore, the conversion may be used in the manufacturing process only, and the effect of the deviation between the original freeform surface and the SLS may be ignored. In this paper, we put forward a new approach. First a flank milling conversion method is described. It takes into account of important manufacturing constraints when converting an arbitrary surface into a SLS. The method is fast and produces good approximation. Next we describe how the method can be integrated into daily impeller design suite to make impeller design and subsequent manufacturing more effective. The approach is illustrated and verified by the design and machining experiment of a turbocharger impeller.
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