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Journal articles on the topic 'Five axis milling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Warkentin, A., S. Bedi, and F. Ismail. "Five-axis milling of spherical surfaces." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 36, no. 2 (February 1996): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6955(95)98763-w.

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2

Gdula, Michal, Jan Burek, Lukasz Zylka, and Marcin Plodzien. "Five-axis milling of sculptured surfaces of the turbine blade." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2015-0242.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of a toroidal cutter axis orientation and a variable radius of curvature of the machined contour of sculptured surface on the five-axes milling process. Simulation and experimental research performed in this work are aimed to determine the relationship between the parameters of five-axes milling process and the shape and dimensional accuracy of curved outline of Inconel 718 alloy workpiece. Design/methodology/approach A subject of research are sculptured surfaces of the turbine blade. Simulation research was performed using the method of direct mapping tools in the CAD environment. The machining research was carried out with the use of multi-axis machining center DMU 100 monoBLOCK DMG, equipped with rotating dynamometer to measure the components of the cutting force. To control the shape and dimensional accuracy, the coordinate measuring machine ZEISS ACCURA II was used. Findings In this paper, the effect of the toroidal cutter axis orientation and the variable radius of curvature of the machined contour on the parameters of five-axes milling process and the accuracy of the sculptured surfaces was determined. Practical implications Five-axes milling with the use of a toroidal cutter is found in the aviation industry, where sculptured surfaces of the turbine blades are machined. The results of the research allow more precise planning of five-axes milling and increase of the turbine blades accuracy. Originality/value This paper significantly complements the current state of knowledge in the field of five-axes milling of turbine blades in terms of their accuracy.

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3

Kao, Yung Chou, Mau Sheng Chen, and Tzu Hao Chiu. "Development of a Web-Based Virtual Five-Axis Milling Toolpath Simulation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1816.

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Virtual machine tool has been used in the toolpath simulation of a real machine tool with very promising achievement in teaching assistance. However, a five-axis milling machine is generally very expensive in comparison with traditional three-axis milling machine in its configuration. This is mostly resulted from the addition of two more rotational axes in five-axis machine. This paper focuses on the development of a Web-based five-axis milling machining toolpath simulation system so as to facilitate the comprehensive understanding of students and to ease the explanation of operations. A user can access the developed system through the web browsers such as the Microsoft Internet Explorer and Google Chrome as long as the Java Runtime Environment and OpenGL are installed. Three general configurations of five-axis milling machine tool have been implemented including Head-Head, Head-Table, and Table-Table. Furthermore, five-axis post-processing is generally a bottleneck in the popularization of toolpath simulation. An intelligent distributed agent-based post-processor has been integrated in this system. For example, an APT file created by the usage of Catia CAD/CAM software according to a five-axis toolpath could be post-processed by the developed system for the generation of a five-axis NC program. This NC program could then be simulated in the proposed system. The developed system has been successfully implemented and shown very promising application in the understanding of five-axis milling operation.

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4

Wang, Shuang Yong, Wei Zhang, Qian Wei Zhang, Jian Hua Yang, and Peng Fei Zhang. "Reliability Analysis about A/C-Axis of Woodworking Five-Axis Milling Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.407.

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As a core feature of high-end CNC machine tools, the torque carrying performance of five-axis milling head directly affects the machining accuracy and reliability. Through theoretical analysis and derivation, combining experimental prototype, the A/C-axis cutting torque formula of five-axis milling head on woodworking is obtained. The reliability analysis provides a theoretical basis for drive motor selection and five-axis milling head structural optimization and improvement.

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5

Song, Qinghua, Zhanqiang Liu, Ganggang Ju, and Yi Wan. "A generalized cutting force model for five-axis milling processes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405417711970.

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A generalized mechanical model is proposed to predict cutting forces for five-axis milling process of sculptured surfaces with generalized milling cutter, which is considered as a revolution around tool axis of an arbitrary section curve composed of variable lines and curves. Solid-analytical-based method is presented and extended to precisely and efficiently identify the cutter–workpiece engagements between the generalized milling cutter and workpiece being machined. And the undeformed chip thickness is calculated with respect to pre-defined tool coordinate system, which is regarded as the transformation form of feed cross–feed normal system by lead and tilt angles. Although only two experimental validations (peripheral milling with cylinder end mill and multi-axis milling with ball end mill) are performed to estimate the robustness and flexibility of the method presented, it can be applied for an arbitrary mill geometry in multi-axis milling as well as three-axis milling, two-and-a-half-axis milling. Finally, a case study of aero-engine impeller five-axis milling with ball end mill is performed to further illustrate the validation of the model.

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6

Пономарев, Б., Boris Ponomarev, Хьен Нгуен, and Hien Nguyen. "DYNAMICS OF FIVE-AXIS END MILLING PROCESS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5d35d0b677dc74.96046396.

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The article presents the experimental results of the influences of machining conditions and tool orientation on cutting forces during the end milling of free-form surfaces. A series of experiments are carried out on the machining of steel 3 blanks on a five-axis milling machine model HSC 75 linear using 2-flute and 4-flute ball end mills from MITSUBISHI with diameters from 5 mm to 10 mm. The dependency diagrams and graphs of cutting forces and their projections on cutting time are given at different spindle speeds, feeds per tooth, depths of cut, tilt angles and lead angle when using different ball end mills. Based on the results of the analysis of experimental data, the theoretical conclusion about the increase in cutting forces with increasing feed per tooth, cutting depth and spindle speed in relation to the ball end milling process is confirmed. The critical tool positions with respect to the surface, at which cutting forces have maximum values, are revealed. The obtained results allow developing recommendations for the choice of the tool position during end milling of free-form surfaces to reduce loads on the tool

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7

Bondar, Inna, and Dmitrij Krivoruchko. "Five-axis machining on CNC milling machines." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 7(1229) (May 13, 2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2017.07.02.

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8

Yu, Guang. "General tool correction for five-axis milling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 10, no. 6 (November 1995): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01179400.

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9

Terrier, M., M. Giménez, and J.-Y. Hascoët. "VERNE - a five-axis parallel kinematics milling machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x30177.

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Ten years ago a new kind of machine tool was presented in Chicago, based on parallel kinematics architectures. Since then, many of these parallel kinematics machines (PKMs) have been developed around the world. Their main interest lies in their high dynamic characteristics, which could help in going faster in high-speed milling. In order to develop high-speed milling on PKM tools and to highlight their potentialities, the French laboratory IRCCyN is now equipped with the VERNE. This PKM tool has been developed by the Spanish company Fatronik. However, the high-speed milling production process is a complex task, in which a great number of parameters influence the final precision of the part and the productivity of the machine. For example, the NC (numerical control) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) parameters (feed forward, milling strategies, etc.), the piece geometry, the machine structure, the tool, etc., have a direct consequence on the final part. Hence, a method has been developed in order to check the capability of the machine (either serial or parallel) in milling, which relies on two approaches. The first one is an experimental approach (either using a coordinate measuring machine or acquiring the output axis encoders), while the second one is a simulated approach. After introducing the kinematics of the VERNE, the experimental approach performed so far will be presented.

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10

Chen, Yong, Mei Fa Huang, Bo Shi, Meng Meng Xiao, Ru Kai Hu, and Jiang Sheng Tang. "Kinematic Analysis and Simulation of an A/C Axes Bi-Rotary Milling Head with Zero Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 625 (December 2012): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.625.146.

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Because of the flexible kinematic characteristic of five-axis-linkage machining center it is widely used to process complex parts. The milling head is the key functional component of the five-axis machining center, therefore study of the milling head is of vital importance. The A/C axes bi-rotary milling head is the most common used structures. The current mechanical A/C axes bi-rotary milling head is mostly with large volume and small rotation range. This paper presents an A/C axes bi-rotary milling head with zero transmission in small volume. To understand the kinetic characteristics of the A/C axes bi-rotary milling head with zero transmission, we apply D-H parameter method to establish displacement equations, speed equations, and acceleration equations. SolidWorks is then utilized to build the virtual prototyping model of the designed mechanism. Motion module of SolidWorks is also used to carry out the kinematics simulation. The experimental results show that the mechanism could achieve the rotation of A/C axes and smooth motion trajectory. The rotation range of A-axis could reach ±120°.

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11

Zhou, Ruihu. "Analytical model of milling forces prediction in five-axis milling process." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 108, no. 9-10 (June 2020): 3045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05582-6.

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12

Kováč, Martin, and Jozef Peterka. "Selected 5-Axis Strategies for High-Speed Milling of Thin-Walled Parts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.466.

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The article deals with the proposed 5-axis strategies of high-speed milling of thin-walled parts. I proposed three ways of material take-in. It is an advantage that by this milling the shaft of the tool is not in contact with the machined surface. Each tool contact with the machined surface leaves an unwanted track on the parts surface. Article present new methods for five axes high speed milling flexible parts. Experimental part was five axis high speed milling and measuring quality of surface. Results were evaluated by statistic methods by software Minitab.

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13

Zheng, Peng, and Lan Yi. "The Error Analysis and Detection of A/C Axes Bi-Rotary Milling Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2697.

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A/C axes bi-rotary CNC universal milling is the core components of five-axis linkage machine tools, the geometric error will impact on machining accuracy directly. The geometric error and its causes of A/C axes bi-notary milling head are studied, and laid the foundation for the bi-notary milling head precision testing and accuracy improvement. Brief introduction to the composition and working principle of the Renishaw laser interferometer, and put forward by using of Renishaw laser interferometer to detect the A axis and C axis position error.

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14

Weinert, Klaus, Petra Kersting, Tobias Surmann, and Dirk Biermann. "Modeling regenerative workpiece vibrations in five-axis milling." Production Engineering 2, no. 3 (June 14, 2008): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-008-0113-5.

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15

Sprott, Kenneth. "Surface normal interpolation for five axis CNC milling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 84, no. 9-12 (September 28, 2015): 2319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7790-y.

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16

Liu, Xiong-Wei. "Five-axis NC cylindrical milling of sculptured surfaces." Computer-Aided Design 27, no. 12 (December 1995): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(95)00005-4.

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17

Zhang, Zai Chun, Gao Yan Zhong, and Yong Gao. "Modeling and Simulation of Five-Axis Milling Machine Based on ADAMS." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.377.

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A method for motion control and analysis of five-axis milling machine was proposed by means of simulation. The method started from solid modeling of five-axis milling machine in PRO/E, and then imported the model into ADAMS, generating its own solid model, through seamless interface software Mechanism/Pro 2005. Therefore, co-simulation of PRO/E and ADAMS was realized. On the platform of ADAMS, constraints and drivers necessary for simulation was added to the solid model and the simulation was begun. During the simulation process, motion parameters of each head were produced, and these information directly provided a control basis for NC machining of five-axis milling machine. Thus, the performance study of five-axis milling machine through simulation was realized on the computer and it provided an effective method for the engineering design of the machine.

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18

Shi, Bo, Mei Fa Huang, Yong Chen, Ru Kai Hu, Wu Jun Yang, and Jian Sheng Tang. "Finite Element Static Stiffness Analysis of the A/C Axes Bi-Rotary Milling Head." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1195.

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A/C axes bi-rotary milling head is an important functional component in gantry type five-axis CNC machine tool. The static characteristics affect directly the machining accuracy of machine tool. The paper investigates the static stiffness of A/C axes bi-rotary milling head in gantry type five-axis CNC machine tool XK2320-5X developed by a domestic company. Because this product developed depend on the experience of designers, the machining accuracy of A/C axes bi-rotary milling head of primitive XK2320-5X type cannot meet the accuracy requirement under actual working conditions. On the basis of structure design, the static stiffness analysis of the milling head under two working conditions is carried out using finite element method. The deformations of the main mechanical parts in the milling head are obtained. The analysis results indicate that the static stiffness in direction X is the weakest of the milling head and the milling head shell is the most important factor of deformation. The work done provides foundation for further structure design and machining accuracy improvement of A/C axes bi-rotary milling head.

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19

Zhong, Lei, Qing Zhen Bi, Yu Han Wang, and Han Ding. "Five-Axis Flank Milling Method of Plane Double Enveloping Hourglass Worm." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1523.

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A high-precision and efficient machining method of plane double enveloping hourglass worm is proposed. The worm tooth surface is first created and analyzed based on meshing theory. The analysis reveals that the worm tooth surface is a developable ruled surface. This provides the ability of precise flank milling of the worm tooth surface. The meshing lines on the worm tooth surface indicate the contact lines of the worm tooth and the cutter. The five-axis tool path of flank milling is then generated according to the meshing lines. The flank milling has obviously advantages in machining efficiency and surface quality, compared with the conventional end milling method. The cutting simulation and experiment validate proposed method.

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20

Zhong, Zhen Yu, Ze Yi Guo, Huan Lei, and Bo Kuang. "Research and Application of Compound CNC Five Axis Five Linkage Milling-Grinding-All-in-One Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.281.

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Lightweight sections are widely used in furniture, but the manufacturing procedure for these irregular shaped wood workpieces is very complex. Domestic workers usually use manual equipment to do the milling and then grinding and polishing step by step, with quite low efficiency. So author of this article develops a compound CNC five axes five linkage milling-grinding-all-in-one machine to realize once-molding of wood sections automatically, which will increase efficiency by 200%. The article introduces the structure of the machine and then discusses some key technology in the processing. For example, how to do graphics pretreatment and reorder processing path, and how to keep smooth processing speed during the multi-axis working, in order to avoid the problem of workpiece being scratched or burned out.

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21

Gao, Jian She, Wei Wei Yang, De Ping Liu, Yu Ping Wang, and An Qing Zhang. "Analysis of Precision Reliability for CX Series of Five-Axis Turning-Milling Center." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4775.

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Five-axis turning-milling center is an important and advanced NC machine in fields of military industry, aerospace, automobile and medical machinery. The kinematics equation is built based on D-H method by the analysis of the structure of five-axis turning-milling center. The precision workspace is presented and its definition is given. The precision workspace of five-axis turning-milling center is analyzed based on Monte Carlo method. The mathematical model of precision reliability for machining center is built. The sensitivity of precision reliability for machining center is analyzed using analytical method. Finally, sensitivity histograms are given.

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22

Wan, Yi, Zhan Qiang Liu, and Xing Ai. "Cutting Forces and Tool Wear Patterns in Five-Axis Milling Fe-Based Super Alloy with Bull-Nose End Mill." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2049.

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Five-axis milling is widely used in machining of complex surfaces parts. Part quality and productivity are extremely affected by cutting force and tool wear, especially thin-walled complex surface, such as turbine blade. Although extensive research has been conducted on cutting force and tool wear in 3-milling process, very few are on 5-axis milling and bull-nose mills. This paper presents cutting forces with various cutting conditions as well as tool wear patterns in five-axis milling super alloy, which is essential to cutting vibration and defelction analysis of thin-walled complex surfaces parts. The roles of lead angle and tilt angle in five axis milling were investigated, which provide data for NC program edit. In addition, experiments in this research proved that tool wear played affected cutting forces outstandingly.Therefore, tool wear played an very important role in tool change.

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23

Tian, Jun Feng, Hu Lin, Zhuang Yao, Jie Li, Jin Gang Yu, and Qing Li. "Adaptive Interpolation of Tool Posture Vector in Five-Axis Flank Milling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2706.

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Five-axis flank milling is an important machining technique, especially in machining of complex parts. Tool posture vector can change easily using two axes of rotation to achieve optimum cutting conditions. However, the tool posture vector may change beyond the interpolation plane. This will result in overcut or undercut. In this paper, an adaptive interpolation algorithm of tool posture vector is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the commanded feedrate for linear axis is kept constant for most time and adaptively adjusted to confine the chord error within a specified tolerance range during the interpolation process. The tool posture vector changes in the interpolation plane with a constant rotation degree. Simulation results from example are provided to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed scheme.

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24

Boz, Yaman, Huseyin Erdim, and Ismail Lazoglu. "Modeling Cutting Forces for Five Axis Milling of Sculptured Surfaces." Advanced Materials Research 223 (April 2011): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.223.701.

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5-axis ball-end milling processes are used in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, die-mold and biomedical industries. 5-axis machining provides reduced cycle times and more accurate machining via reduction in machining setups, use of shorter tools due to improved tool accessibility. However, desired machining productivity and precision can be obtained by physical modeling of machining processes via appropriate selection of process parameters. In response to this gap in the industry this paper presents a cutting force model for 5-axis ball-end milling cutting force prediction. Cutter-workpiece engagement is extracted via developed solid modeler based engagement model. Simultaneous 5-axis milling tests are conducted on Al7075 workpiece material with a carbide cutting tool. Validation of the proposed model is performed for impeller hub roughing toolpaths. Validation test proves that presented model is computationally efficient and cutting forces can be predicted reasonably well. The result of validation test and detailed comparison with the simulation are also presented in the paper.

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25

Rehsteiner, Fritz, and H. J. Renker. "Collision-Free Five-Axis Milling of Twisted Ruled Surfaces." CIRP Annals 42, no. 1 (1993): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)62485-8.

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26

Becze, C. E., P. Clayton, L. Chen, T. I. El-Wardany, and M. A. Elbestawi. "High-speed five-axis milling of hardened tool steel." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 40, no. 6 (May 2000): 869–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-6955(99)00092-9.

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27

Lazoglu, I., Y. Boz, and H. Erdim. "Five-axis milling mechanics for complex free form surfaces." CIRP Annals 60, no. 1 (2011): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.090.

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28

Li, Zhaoyu, Lufeng Chen, Ke Xu, Yongsheng Gao, and Kai Tang. "Five-axis Trochoidal Flank Milling of Deep 3D Cavities." Computer-Aided Design 119 (February 2020): 102775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2019.102775.

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29

Zhang, Xuewei, Tianbiao Yu, and Wanshan Wang. "Modeling, simulation, and optimization of five-axis milling processes." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 74, no. 9-12 (July 6, 2014): 1611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6075-1.

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30

Xia, Lian, Jiang Han, and Hu Li. "Research on Rotary and Tilting Table Five-Axis Milling Post-Processing Software Star-Fpost." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2962.

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Based on the MIRON UCP800 rotary and tilting table five-axis machine, this paper studies the mathematical model of Five-Axis machining and derives the algorithm formula of Six-Coordinate axis vector into five-axis AC rotary and tilting table. The Post-Processing process of turning the source file to the machine tool path code is fulfilled by using coordinate transformation matrix; with reading the cutting location file line by line, a dedicated five-axis milling post-processing software through adapting the Keyword-Triggered method is developed by using object-oriented program in the paper. First completing construction of Five-Axis machine tools mode in the VERICUT simulation environment, then manufacturing the whole shaft by ternary simulation of impeller machining in NX, and the simulation results shows that the function of Post-Processing software Star-Fpost. The software can provide the actual processing of information for MIKRON UCP800 five-axis machine tools.

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31

Tang, Tran Duc. "A Five-Axis CNC Machine Postprocessor Based on Inverse Kinematics Transformation." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.525.

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This paper presents a postprocessor for five-axis milling machine that capable of converting CL (cutter location) data to machine control data (NC program). The proposed postprocessor method is based on inverse kinematics transformation and postprocessor module is programmed in Visual Basic language. The Deckel Maho DMU 50 eVoluion five-axis machine with two rotary axes (B and C) on the table is modeled and verified in software VERICUT® to validate the NC data generated by proposed postprocessor.

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32

Ponomarev, B. B., and S. H. Nguyen. "Evaluation of Surface Roughness in Five-Axis Ball-End Milling." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 05 (722) (May 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-5-21-31.

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Unlike three-axis machining, five-axis machining allows the end tool or workpiece to be oriented at any angle relative to the machine axis OZ. It can be achieved by changing the values of the tool tilt angle and lead angle relative to the surface normal in the contact zone of the tool surface and the workpiece, taking into account the direction of the table feed. The article presents experimental results of analyzing the influences of tool orientation on transverse roughness during ball end milling using 2-flute and 4-flute 8 mm diameter mills. The analysis the arithmetic mean deviation of the assessed profile at various values of tool tilt angle and lead angle showed that the position of the tool point with a zero cutting speed significantly affects the surface quality. The results of the evaluation of the tool orientation influence on the surface roughness enable the selection of optimal tool orientation angles when developing control programs for end milling of free-form surfaces on five-axis CNC milling machines.

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33

Wang, Ming Yong. "Feed Optimization for Five-Axis Flank Milling Thin-Walled Parts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 703 (December 2014): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.703.150.

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This paper presents process optimization for the five-axis milling based on the mechanics model explained in Part I. The process is optimized by varying the feed as the tool-workpiece engagements. The linear and angular feedrates are optimized by sequential quadratic programming. Sharp feedrate changes may result in undesired feed-marks on the finished surface. The adopted step is to update the the original CL file with optimized and filtered feedrate commands. The five-axis milling process is simulated in a virtual enviroment, and the resulting feedrate outputs are stored at each position along the tool path. The new feedrate profiles are shown to considerably reduce the machining time while avoiding process faults.

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34

Shaw, Dein, and Chun Wei Lai. "CAD/CAM for Five-Axis Printing Machine." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.201.

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In this study, CAD/CAM system for a 5-axis printing machine was developed. The configuration of 5-axis printing machine is based on the 5-axis CNC milling machine; the spindle of the 5-axis CNC milling machine was replaced by a commercial printer. CAD software was first used to develop a three dimensional model, after that a color figure which will be printed on a freeform surface was applied on the surface of that three dimensional model. Then the printing paths of the 5-axis printing machine were generated by using mapping transformation. Furthermore, the distance between the print head and the curved printing surface is an important factor which affects the printing quality. It is also noted that any two points on the surface of the print head have different distances with the curved surface, it is necessary to keep these distances in a certain range of acceptable printing quality. Therefore, the range of good printing quality distance was measured. The height and width of the region which the print head print at one printing step were limited by the good printing quality distance. If the curvature of surface is too large (the distance between print head and curved surface is depend on the curvature of the surface), only the region which had good printing quality was printed. The unprinted area was printed after the print head rotated and translated to a proper position.

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35

Nakamoto, K., K. Shirase, Akifumi Morishita, E. Arai, and T. Moriwaki. "A New Architecture of Tool Path Generation for Five-Axis Control Machining." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.501.

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NC machine tools, which are widely employed in manufacturing systems, are basically driven by NC programs. However, it requires extensive amount of time and efforts to generate high quality tool paths before a machining operation. An NC program for five-axis control machining is more difficult to generate because the motion of machine tool is more complicated. In this paper, a new architecture is proposed to autonomously control the machine tool without an NC program for more rapid and flexible machining. A technique called digital copy milling is developed to generate the tool paths in real time based on the principle of copy milling. It means that the cutting parameters can be adaptively controlled in order to maintain stable cutting process and to avoid the cutting troubles. In the experimental verification, the improved digital copy milling system for five-axis control milling successfully detected and avoided tool collision in real-time.

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Zhao, Do Hong, Jing Sun, Ke Zhang, Yu Hou Wu, and Feng Lu. "Design and Analysis of a Sawing-Milling Compound Machining Center for Special-Shaped Stone Products." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.123.

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Nowadays, the equipment for processing special-shaped stone products is developing towards high efficiency, intelligent and multifunction. Based on the features of stone processing technology, a sawing-milling compound machining center with eight axes and double five-axis simultaneous control for special-shaped stone products was designed. The dynamic performance and processing capacity were tested. Research shows that the sawing and milling compound machining in the same horizontal slide saddle is practicable. This machine can realize both vertical and horizontal machining under five-axis simultaneous control, and its machining accuracy is better than the normal industrial standard.

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Tian, Jun Feng, Hu Lin, Zhuang Yao, and Jie Li. "Optimized Tool Path Planning for Five-Axis Flank Milling of Ruled Surface Considering Tolerance." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.114.

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Five-axis CNC flank milling has recently received much attention in industry. Tool path planning is a critical issue in five-axis CNC flank milling operation. Previous work based on dynamic-programming generated optimal tool path by global minimising the machining error. However, global minimal machining error may not guarantee a local machining error controllable. Therefore, this paper proposes a method based on combination of global and local optimization, which makes tool path of five-axis flank milling optimal and error controllable. Oversize error of tool paths can be partially adjusted so that a specified tolerance is met in global optimization processing. Finally, the experiments of the simulative are made by this algorithm. The result verifies the feasibility and validity of the proposed scheme.

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Wu, Dong Xu, Guo Li, Bo Wang, Zheng Qiao, and Lei Lv. "Fabrication of Microstructured Surfaces by Five-Axis Ultra Precision Machine Tool." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.187.

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In this paper, a five-axis ultra precision machine tool for fabrication of microstructured surfaces is presented. This machine consists of two rotary axes (C&B) and three linear axes (X&Y&Z). High precision aerostatic bearing and torque motor are adopted in C axis (main spindle) and B axis. X axis and Z axis use the hydrostatic guideway and are driven by linear motors. Y axis is driven by torque motor and precision ball screw. This machine is able to realize multiple processing methods, including ultra precision diamond turning, ultra precision milling, fly-cutting, fast tool servo and slow tool servo diamond turning.Furthermore, a large number of experiment researches are carried out. Some typical microstructure surfaces are manufactured, for sinusoidal grid surface, the surface roughness Ra is 11.9nm, which is machined by slow tool servo diamond turning. Micro pyramid array surface is fabricated by using fly-cutting, which performs well both in the profile accuracy and the repeatability. These experiment researches prove that this ultra precision machine is superior in accuracy and system reliability.

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Chen, Geng Shun, and Yi Lv. "Based on ABAQUS Five Axis Milling Process Dynamics Modeling and Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.637.

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Article in the first quantitative analysis of milling process of material removal on the work piece model effects, using matrix perturbation theory gives the work piece modal approximation, fast algorithms. Major sources of uncertain factors analysis of milling process, based on the interval algebra, derivation of the work piece (or tool) interval characteristics of matrix, the use of interval finite element method for calculating the tool dynamic response of upper and lower bounds. Modal experimental results and theoretical predictions dovetailed.

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Wei, Chen Lung, Hsin Yu Cheng, Chi Yuang Yu, and Yung Chou Kao. "Development of a Virtual Milling Machining Center Simulation System with Switchable Modular Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.343.

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The application of traditional three-axis milling machine center is very popular and the related application technology is also much matured resulting in mechanical components to be machined with good quality. Machine tool has therefore become an inevitable facility in precision manufacturing. Furthermore, the pursuit of higher precision machining has thus demanding five-axis machine tool to be adopted owing to its flexibility and capability in machining more precise mechanical components in shorter time. However, one of the key factors for the popularity in smooth introduction of five-axis machine tool would be based on a very user friendly learning and teaching environment. This is partly because two more rotational axes in a five-axis machine tool could generate very complex toolpath movement that is out of the imagination of a general operator. Furthermore, the price of an industrial five-axis machine tool is not normally affordable by an educational institute; to the worse, the maintenance cost is also very high. There is very high risk for a novice to collide during the learning process and this will generally cause big worry of a teacher. This paper aims for the development of a virtual machining center simulation system with switchable modular components to ease the learning process in getting acquainted with a five-axis machine tool. A five-axis machine tool consists generally of two modules: (1) CNC controller and Operation panel, and (2) machine tool hardware. The developed system will provide the novice with four CNC controller with operation human machine interface (HMI), and three typical types of five-axis machine tool, Head-Head (HH), Head-Table (HT), and Table-Table (TT), are also supported. The developed modularized and switchable machining center simulation system has been successfully developed and is very helpful to both learner and teacher

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Wang, Dan, Wu Yi Chen, Tian Li, and Ru Feng Xu. "Five-Axis Flank Milling of Sculptured Surface with Barrel Cutters." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.292.

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A flank milling tool positioning method using a barrel cutter is proposed. An offset point is used as the first anchor point. Two rotary angles of the barrel cutter are adjusted to find the optimized tool position with the largest machining strip width. The result tool position calculated using the proposed method is gouge-free because the local interference avoidance method is integrated inside the tool positioning procedure. Error distribution beneath the barrel cutter is well estimated by virtual of the instant envelope curve of the cutter. The envelope curve is discretized into points. The distances between these points and the model surface are the machining errors beneath the cutter. The employment of the envelope curve also largely reduces the computational load of the algorithm. Finally, numerical implementation and simulation are performed to validate the feasibility of the method.

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Li, Zhen, and Bing Yan. "Ball-End Cutter Machining Process Analysis in Five-Axis Milling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.903.

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In this paper, the three dimensional geometrical analysis is depicted with the interacting relations among cutting edge, undeformed chip and shear zone along cutting direction, and a general geometrical model of five-axis machining curve surface in ball-end milling is presented. A general force model is derived, and the three dimensional cutting forces are predicted. The influences of different angle of the centerline of the cutter to the cutting forces are considered. The three dimensional cutting forces are applied to construct and analysis the structural vibratory model of the system.

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Liu, De Ping, Wei Wei Yang, and Jian She Gao. "Simulation on Motion Reliability of Five-Axis Turning-Milling Center." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 1041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.1041.

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Five-axis turning-milling center is an important and advanced NC machine in fields of military industry, aerospace, automobile and medical machinery. The model of machining center is established by using ADAMS and designing the variable parameters. The error of machining center is simulated by Monte Carlo method. The command file is compiled to simulate the machining center and the motion reliability is computed using simulation results. The whole process avoids establishing and solving complicated mathematical equations. So, it is an effective method for the analysis and computation of motion reliability. Compared with traditional methods, this method is more accurate and quick and it is suitable for complicated mechanism.

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Bohez, E. L. J. "Five-axis milling machine tool kinematic chain design and analysis." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 42, no. 4 (March 2002): 505–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-6955(01)00134-1.

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Papageorgiou, Stavros G., and Nikos A. Aspragathos. "Five-axis flank milling of dually defined twisted ruled surfaces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 228, no. 3 (October 10, 2013): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405413501501.

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46

CHO, H. D., Y. T. JUN, and M. Y. YANG. "Five-axis CNC milling for effective machining of sculptured surfaces." International Journal of Production Research 31, no. 11 (November 1993): 2559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549308956883.

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Ozkirimli, Omer M., and Erhan Budak. "Process simulation for five-axis machining for generalised milling tools." International Journal of Design Engineering 3, no. 3 (2010): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijde.2010.039758.

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Kersting, P., and D. Biermann. "SIMULATION CONCEPT FOR PREDICTING WORKPIECE VIBRATIONS IN FIVE-AXIS MILLING." Machining Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2009): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10910340903005039.

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MORISHITA, Akinori, Keiichi SHIRASE, Keiichi NAKAMOTO, and Toshimichi MORIWAKI. "Real Time Tool Path Generation for Five-Axis Milling Control." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2004.5 (2004): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2004.5.147.

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50

Park, Jung-Whan, Jung-Geun Lee, and Cha-Soo Jun. "Near net-shape five-axis face milling of marine propellers." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 10, no. 4 (October 2009): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-009-0065-5.

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