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Journal articles on the topic 'Five Stages of Grief'
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Pastan, Linda. "The Five Stages of Grief." Academic Medicine 92, no. 7 (July 2017): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000001734.
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Murphy, Samantha. "Beyond the five stages of grief." New Scientist 209, no. 2798 (February 2011): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)60286-8.
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Davidson, Scott. "The Five Stages of Project Grief." IEEE Design & Test 33, no. 2 (April 2016): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdat.2016.2520365.
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Sweeney, Alexis (Roldan). "Commentary on “The Five Stages of Grief”." Academic Medicine 92, no. 7 (July 2017): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.acm.0000520957.13661.43.
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Barone, James E., and Michael E. Ivy. "Resident Work Hours: The Five Stages of Grief." Academic Medicine 79, no. 5 (May 2004): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200405000-00002.
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Mayers-Elder, Chanda. "On Grief and Grieving: Finding the meaning of grief through the five stages of loss." Journal of the National Medical Association 100, no. 7 (July 2008): 865–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31384-5.
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Ng, Winda L. "The five stages of grief towards accepting a rejection letter." Medical Journal of Australia 207, no. 11 (December 2017): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja16.01377.
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Bierhals, Andrew J., Holly G. Prigerson, Amy Fasiczka, Ellen Frank, Mark Miller, and Charles F. Reynolds. "Gender Differences in Complicated Grief among the Elderly." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 32, no. 4 (June 1996): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/437w-edwj-lmql-0cb9.
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The resolution of grief has been frequently posited to progress through stages. Seventy-one widows and twenty-six widowers bereaved from five months to thirty-seven years were studied to determine if their resolution of grief-related symptoms could be mapped onto a stage theory of grief and to examine if men and women follow the same temporal course. An analysis of variance was used to test for differences in complicated grief symptoms over time and between widows and widowers. Widowers bereaved three years or longer were found to have increased bitterness. By contrast, widows who were bereaved three years and beyond were found to have lower levels of complicated grief. These preliminary findings suggest that grief may not resolve in stages and that symptoms of complicated grief may not decline significantly over time. Rather symptoms of complicated grief appear to remain stable at least for the first three years of bereavement for both men and women but, thereafter, among widowers tend to increase and among widows to decrease.
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Salah, Saman, Sohaila Hussain, Ayesha Ahmed, Abida Azam, and Durdana Rafique. "Death as Transformation: Examining Grief Under the Perspective of the Kubler-Ross in the Selected Movies." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n1p448.
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Death has always been a central human concern. Death is transformative; for those left, therefore, the experience of grief and loss opens another world. The meaning of grief is not simply the “Loss of …” but the “Intense sorrow caused by the loss of a loved one (especially by death)”. Grief is the price we pay for love. The deeper the love, the greater the depth of the grief that follows the loss. Grief is a shape of emotional pain; however, human beings no longer constantly trip these levels in any unique order, nor do they trip each stage. This paper draws upon the conceptual framework of Kubler-Ross five stages of grief to analyze the following movies “UP”, “Baba Dook”, “The Kite Runner”, “Rabbit Hole”, “Summer 1993” and “Three Colors: Blue” content analysis as the method of analysis. Besides, this paper explores the impact of these five stages of grief on different genders through the characters and scenes in the selected movies. This paper is an exploratory and descriptive study grounded in qualitative research design and uses content analysis as the method of analysis of the selected movies. The findings of this study show that death is a transformative phenomenon and grief unlike other emotions is a powerful tool since it raises doubt about how the grieved discovers significance throughout everyday life.
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Bolden, Lori A. "A Review of On Grief and Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss." Counseling and Values 51, no. 3 (April 2007): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.2007.tb00081.x.
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Lightbody, Teresa K. "Neonatal Death: A Grief Intervention Framework." Illness, Crisis & Loss 13, no. 3 (July 2005): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105413730501300301.
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The death of a neonate is an extremely heartbreaking loss that can result in overwhelming and overpowering grief responses. Because of the intensity of the grief reactions these parents experience it is absolutely imperative that social workers intervene appropriately with families whose baby has died. This article will review grief intervention and the application of this approach. Five grief intervention models will be discussed including Lindemann's (1944) stages of grief work, Bowlby's (1980) three phases of mourning, Rando's (1988) three phases of grief, Worden (2001) tasks of grief work and White's (1988) “saying hullo metaphor.” A case example will be used to describe the application of Worden's (2001) task model with a family whose twin babies have died on the NICU. Lastly, how this review and use of grief intervention models impacts social work practice on a NICU setting will be discussed. Ultimately, social workers should intervene according to the needs presented by these families or otherwise clinicians risk inflicting further pain and suffering on parents already experiencing the extreme anguish of grief.
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Spiess, Kerianne E., Anna McLemore, Priscilla Zinyemba, Natalia Ortiz, and Andrew J. Meyr. "Application of the Five Stages of Grief to Diabetic Limb Loss and Amputation." Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 53, no. 6 (November 2014): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2014.06.016.
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Corr, Charles A. "Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and the “Five Stages” Model in a Sampling of Recent American Textbooks." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 82, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 294–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818809766.
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This article examines some aspects of the enduring influence of the work of Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and especially of her “five stages” model through a sampling of recent textbooks published in the United States in selected academic disciplines and professional fields. The following are the questions to be asked: 1. Does the “five stages” model appear without significant change in the textbooks described here? 2. Is the “five stages” model applied in these textbooks to issues involving loss, grief, and bereavement, as well as to those involving terminal illness and dying? 3. Is the “five stages” model criticized in some or all of these textbooks? 4. If so, is the criticism sufficient to argue that, while the “five stages” model might be presented as an important historical framework, it should no longer be regarded as a sound theory to guide contemporary education and practice?
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Lim. "REVISITING KUBLER-ROSSâS FIVE STAGES OF GRIEF: SOME COMMENTS ON THE IPHONE 5." Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2013.11.13.
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PLEDGER, CAROLYN BRASTOW. "Do Incarcerated Offenders Experience the Five Stages of Grief as Do Terminally III Patients?" Journal of Offender Counseling 6, no. 1 (October 1985): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4934.1985.tb00038.x.
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Hansen, Laura B., and Joan F. Shireman. "The Process of Emotional Divorce: Examination of Theory." Social Casework 67, no. 6 (June 1986): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948606700601.
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Five indicators of intrapsychic change shown by a client, a divorced mother, were monitored to determine if unresolved emotions about her divorce seven years earlier were blocking therapy. Grief work, in three stages, helped the client gain her goal of cooperative coparenting and more financial support.
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Wang, Rong-Rong, and Ya-huei Wang. "Using the Kübler-Ross Model of Grief with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): An Analysis of Manchester by the Sea." Metathesis: Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/metathesis.v5i1.3700.
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<p class="AbstractText">People may encounter different stages of grief during the course of bereavement, and not everyone can achieve a positive state of mind. This study intended to analyze how the characters in <em>Manchester by the Sea</em>, mainly Lee Chandler, Patrick Chandler, and Randi, manage their emotional responses when they are facing the loss of a loved one. The study used Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to analyze how these characters transition through their grief and whether they are likely to suffer from mental illness. Some people, like Randi and Patrick in the film, may recover from bereavement; however, some people, like Lee, may not, eventually becoming afflicted with mental illness or PTSD.</p>
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Amin, Barkatullah. "Parental Acceptance terhadap Anak dengan Disleksia dalam Film Wonderful Life." INKLUSI 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ijds.050107.
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This paper elaborates the acceptance process of a single parent who has a dyslexic child in the movie "Wonderful Life". The film showed a widower who has grown with her inspiring father. The value of life from her father influenced the way she educates her child. This research used a qualitative approach, inspired by Peirce semiotic and supported by the theory of five stages of grief. The paper concluded that, firstly, the parent's acceptance of the dyslexic child gave a positive effect for herself and her child. Second, misperception in understanding the condition of the child has slackened the ability of the child. Third, the understanding of parent gave significant impact in choosing the appropriate education for her child. Fourth, that the depression happened to the mother was affected by not only child condition, but also the pressures from the family.[Makalah ini bertujuan melihat proses penerimaan orang tua atas kondisi anaknya yang memiliki disleksia dalam film Wonderful Life. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan didukung dengan teori the Five Stages of Grief, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, peneriman orang tua terhadap kondisi anaknya memberikan dampak positif bagi dirinya dan anaknya. Kedua, kesalahpahaman dalam memahami kondisi anak dapat menghambat kemampuan pada diri anak. Ketiga, pemahaman orang tua memberikan dampak signifikan dalam pengambilan keputusan pendidikan bagi anaknya, Keempat, depresi yang terjadi pada ibu tidak hanya diakibatkan oleh kondisi anaknya, tetapi juga tekanan dari keluarga.]
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Azevedo Pinto, S. L., J. Soares, A. Silva, and R. Curral. "Complicated grief: Is there a place in psychiatry?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.499.
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IntroductionGrief is as normal reactive to a significant personal loss. It is characterized by affective, cognitive, behavioural and physiological symptoms. The grieving process is usually divided in five different stages, but in most cases presents a benign course, with decreased suffering and better adaptation to the new context. However, when high levels of emotional suffering or disability persist over a long time period, it becomes a case of complicated grief (CG), which should be adequately addressed.ObjectivesTo review the characteristics of CG, the evidence that supports it as an individual pathological entity, and its place in current classification systems.MethodsWe performed a bibliographic search in Pubmed and PsychInfo, of articles written in English, Portuguese and Spanish, containing the key words: grief, bereavement, psychiatry, classification.ResultsThe main issue regarding grief is the degree to which it is reasonable to interfere with a usually benign process. Since DSM-III bereavement has been referred to as an adaptive reaction to an important loss, which should not be diagnosed as major depressive disorder or adjustment disorder. However, DSM-5 has stated persistent complex bereavement disorder as an independent entity. In fact, CG fulfils the general criteria of every psychiatric syndrome, namely regarding specific diagnosis criteria, differential diagnosis from depressive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, and improvement with adequate treatment.ConclusionIt is important to correctly approach CG, since it presents with characteristic diagnosis features and much improvement may be achieved once adequate treatment is provided.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Łapińska, Magdalena. "(Im)Perfect memories in Jacqueline Woodson’s Another Brooklyn." Idea. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych 30, no. 2 (2018): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/idea.2018.30.2.11.
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The article entitled “(Im)Perfect Memories in Jacqueline Woodson’s Another Brooklyn” explores the fallibility of memory as presented in Another Brooklyn, a novel by an African American author Jacqueline Woodson. The text presents the idea that personal memories change due to the passage of time along with the new experiences of an individual, and relates it to the studied novel. Special attention is given to different dimensions of grief and loss presented in the analyzed story. The mourning after the loss of loved ones is explored through the use of concepts such as Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’ five stages of grief, the selective amnesia and the idea of continuing bonds. The process of growing up is also briefly considered as a mourning process over losing the innocence and safety provided by childhood. Further, the article presents the hardships of growing up without a mother in an unsafe neighbourhood, the loss of vital friendships and the search of a better life - all introduced through the recollections which occurred after a significant passage of time and the accumulation of experiences which lend themselves to the change of the mindset of the main character.
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Turunen, Tuija, and Raija-Leena Punamäki. "Professionally Led Peer Support Group Process After the School Shooting in Finland." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 73, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 42–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815575700.
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Background Traumatic grief is a risk factor for psychological and physiological impairment. In a school shooting incident in Finland, several people lost their lives, and a large number of bereaved family members were at risk for traumatic grief. Psychosocial support for these bereaved was therefore essential, and this article describes a program that was developed for that purpose. Method Professionally led peer support group process was provided for the relatives of the deceased in the school shooting in Kauhajoki, Finland, 2008. The 2-year-long process consisted of five weekend gatherings with psychoeducative and group-work elements. The content of the process was based on the existing knowledge of and recommendations for enhancing recovery after a traumatic loss. Results On the average, 50 relatives of the deceased in the school shooting participated in the process. The process was based on the principles of (a) timing of the group work and interventions according to stages of bereavement, (b) psychoeducation, awareness rising, and recognizing the signs of posttraumatic symptoms, (c) attachment theory-based elements in parents' and siblings' grief and group work, and (d) encouraging cohesion and strength of families' natural networks and support systems. Conclusion Professionally led peer support group process is a trauma-theory-based intervention, which reaches a large number of the bereaved with similar loss. Via group work, psychoeducation, and shared rituals, the bereaved have an opportunity to share and express emotions and experiences, as well as increase their skills in psychological recovery after a violent death of a family member.
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Holland, Jason M., and Robert A. Neimeyer. "An Examination of Stage Theory of Grief among Individuals Bereaved by Natural and Violent Causes: A Meaning-Oriented Contribution." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 61, no. 2 (October 2010): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.61.2.b.
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Despite its popularity, few attempts have been made to empirically test the stage theory of grief. The most prominent of these attempts was conducted by Maciejewski, Zhang, Block, and Prigerson (2007), who found that different states of grieving may peak in a sequence that is consistent with stage theory. The present study aimed to provide a conceptual replication and extension of these findings by examining the association between time since loss and five grief Indicators (focusing on disbelief, anger, yearning, depression, and acceptance), among an ethnically diverse sample of young adults who had been bereaved by natural ( n = 441) and violent ( n = 173) causes. We also examined the potential salience of meaning-making and assessed the extent to which participants had made sense of their losses. In general, limited support was found for stage theory, alongside some evidence of an “anniversary reaction” marked by heightened distress and reduced acceptance for participants approaching the second anniversary of the death. Overall, sense-making emerged as a much stronger predictor of grief Indicators than time since loss, highlighting the relevance of a meaning-oriented perspective.
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Villena-Alarcón, Eduardo, and Lidia Caballero-Galeote. "COVID-19 Media Coverage on Spanish Public TV." Tripodos 2, no. 47 (February 5, 2021): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51698/tripodos.2020.47p103-126.
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The respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 has affected over 100 countries during the last weeks. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and since 31 December 2019, 201,315 deaths have been reported. The media has played a key role in providing information and making people aware of the situation during this emergency situation. This research seeks to examine the coronavirus media coverage on the Spanish public TV (TVE1). In order to achieve this goal, a content analysis based on the five stages of grief, an audience survey, and focus group interviews were conducted. The results have shown that coverage has undergone different phases. Accordingly, each of these stages has been perceived by the audience. Although both the audience and the experts appreciate the work of Spanish public television, the majority opinion is negative. In this regard, they state that it has not been impartial and there has been an excess of information. For researchers, these results provide important guidelines to increase the number of literature reviews by considering not only the news but also the audience and experts’ perceptions. Keywords: COVID-19, coverage, audience, perceptions, content analysis.
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Mounsey, Chris. "Learning from Blindness." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 5 (October 2015): 1506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.5.1506.
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Only when my friend kevin said, in an aside to his wife i was not meant to hear, that i was still grieving for my loss of sight did i realize that I was and had been for the past seven years. When a friend or family member dies, it is an obvious time to grieve; when someone you love dies, you have to get on as best you can without them. But when you are confronted with a disability, it is as if a part of you has died, and the rest of you has to get on as best it can. Learning how to come to terms with the change in your day-to-day life disguises the need for grief. So, seven years on, let me give you an inkling of what happens when one of your senses dies. The metaphor of death (or perhaps it's not a metaphor) is convenient since it leads to a framework for my explanation. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, in On Death and Dying, explored the ways we come to terms with death through five emotional stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
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Hamdoune, Meryem, and Abdellah Gantare. "Teaching palliative care skills via simulation-based learning." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 27, no. 7 (September 2, 2021): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2021.27.7.368.
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Background: The scarcity of palliative care (PC) services in Morocco, and their absence in Settat, limits the opportunities for nursing students at the Higher Institute of Health Sciences (HIHS) to benefit from clinical placements. As a consequence of this, most students feel underprepared to care for patients with PC needs. Aim: The purpose of this study is to share a simulation-based learning experience in a PC context and to evaluate the effectiveness of this learning method. Methods: The simulation experience took place in the simulation centre of the HIHS and involved 20 nursing students in their second year. The main goal of the simulation session was to simulate the support given to patients going through the five stages of grief. A post-simulation survey was conducted to explore the nursing students reflections on this learning experience. Findings: The simulation is recommended as a powerful learning approach to compensate for the lack of PC clinical placements available to nursing students. Conclusion: The simulation-based training was an excellent opportunity for nursing students to experience caring for patients in extreme end-of life-situations, which was not possible before due to the lack of specialised PC services.
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Flynn, Anthony. "Grieving the loss of a public contract: De La Rue and the Brexit passport." Journal of Public Procurement 20, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-06-2019-0035.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine how firms react to the loss of a major government contract. Reactions to contract loss are yet to be properly studied in public procurement. Design/methodology/approach The hypothesis is that contract loss triggers a five-stage grieving process, as predicted by the Kubler-Ross model. The hypothesis is tested using the recent UK passport contract in which the British supplier, De La Rue, lost to the Franco-Dutch supplier, Gemalto. Secondary data from corporate publications, news reporting, parliamentary debates and trade union press releases is used to compile the case. Findings The findings show that De La Rue and its supporters passed through the five stages of grief in response to their loss. De La Rue initially exhibited denial by vowing to appeal the decision. Next came anger directed at the UK Government. An attempt to bargain was made during the standstill period. Depression set in after De La Rue admitted it would not appeal. Finally, acceptance was indicated by De La Rue pursuing new opportunities in the product authentication market. Research limitations/implications The study is based on a single case. Further case research is warranted to test the external validity of the results. Practical implications By debriefing unsuccessful bidders and listening to their viewpoint, public buyers can help to assuage the anger that accompanies contract loss. Social implications Elected representatives, the media and civic society groups have vested interests in the outcome of contract competitions. Moreover, they use their agency in pursuit of their own interests, whether through political bargaining, lobbying or editorials. Originality/value The paper demonstrates that the Kubler-Ross model of grieving has utility for understanding reactions to loss in a public procurement context.
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Prasetya, Agus. "Pedagang Kaki Lima, Profil Entrepreneurship Sejati, Pelaku Ekonomi Kerakyatan, Ciptakan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Mandiri." JURNAL SOSIAL : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 20, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/sos.v20i1.35.
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This article is motivated by the fact that the existence of the Street Vendor (PKL) profession is a manifestation of the difficulty of work and the lack of jobs. The scarcity of employment due to the consideration of the number of jobs with unbalanced workforce, economically this has an impact on the number of street vendors (PKL) exploding ... The purpose of being a street vendor is, as a livelihood, making a living, looking for a bite of rice for family, because of the lack of employment, this caused the number of traders to increase. The scarcity of jobs, causes informal sector migration job seekers to create an independent spirit, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, with capital, managed by traders who are true populist economic actors. The problems in street vendors are: (1) how to organize, regulate, empower street vendors in the cities (2) how to foster, educate street vendors, and (3) how to help, find capital for street vendors (4) ) how to describe grief as a Five-Foot Trader. This paper aims to find a solution to the problem of street vendors, so that cases of conflict, cases of disputes, clashes of street vendors with Satpol PP can be avoided. For this reason, the following solutions must be sought: (1) understanding the causes of the explosions of street vendors (2) understanding the problems of street vendors. (3) what is the solution to solving street vendors in big cities. (4) describe Street Vendors as actors of the people's economy. This article is qualitative research, the social paradigm is the definition of social, the method of retrieving observational data, in-depth interviews, documentation. Data analysis uses Interactive Miles and Huberman theory, with stages, Collection Data, Display Data, Data Reduction and Vervying or conclusions.
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Flatt, Bill. "Some stages of grief." Journal of Religion & Health 26, no. 2 (June 1987): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01533685.
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Holmes, Alex C. N., Sophia J. Adams, Scott Hall, Mark A. Rosenthal, and Katharine J. Drummond. "Liaison psychiatry in a central nervous system tumor service." Neuro-Oncology Practice 2, no. 2 (February 12, 2015): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npv001.
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AbstractBackgroundTumors of the central nervous system (CNS) have physical and psychological effects that commonly interact and change over time. Although well suited to addressing problems at the interface between physical and psychological medicine, the role of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist has not been previously described in the management of these patients. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the experience of psychiatry liaison attachment within a CNS tumor service and to reflect on its utility within a complex multidisciplinary environment.MethodsA retrospective file review was performed on all cases seen by a psychiatrist in a CNS tumor service over the previous 5 years. A simple thematic inductive analysis was conducted of the common problems experienced by patients and their management by the psychiatrist and within the team.ResultsFive common themes were identified: (i) facilitating adaptation to diagnosis; (ii) supporting living with lower-grade tumors; (iii) managing mental disorders; (iv) neuropsychiatric symptoms of tumor progression; and (v) grief and uncertainty in the advanced stages of illness. The capacity of the psychiatrist to understand and integrate the clinical, pathological, radiological, and treatment information, in communication with colleagues, helped address these challenges.ConclusionsPsychological challenges in CNS tumor patients have both psychological and neurological underpinnings. In our experience, the addition of a liaison psychiatrist to a CNS tumor service was efficient and effective in improving patient management and led to enhanced communication and decision-making within the team.
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Lapeña, Jr, José Florencio. "Death and Dying During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tahan Na, Humimlay." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 36, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v36i1.1667.
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Nagwakas ang araw
Lupa’t dagat, langit, pumanaw
Tahan na, Humimlay
Siyanawa
— JF Lapeña, Tahan Na, Humimlay
The continuing COVID-19 pandemic has directly or indirectly claimed the lives of countless colleagues, friends, and family. I personally thought my tears had run dry as people I knew and loved died throughout the past year, but the wells of grief run deep, even as the plague continues its scourge as of this writing. Especially when fellow front-liners fall, the haunting bugle call echoes the finality of death: “day is done, gone the sun, from the lake, from the hills, from the sky.”1
Of my original fellow office-bearers in the Philippine Association of Medical Journal Editors (PAMJE), two have passed on: Dr. Gerard “Raldy” Goco and Jose Ma. “Joey” Avila.2 Even in our Philippine Society of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, I do not recall us dedicating so many passages in issues past as we do now, with tributes to Dr. Elvira Colmenar, Dr. Ruben Henson Jr., Dr. Marlon del Rosario, and Dr. Oliverio Segura. Our Philippine Medical Association Central Tagalog Region (PMA-CTR) has lost more than its share of physicians: Dr. Joseph Aniciete, Dr. Patrocinio Dayrit, and Dr. Rhoderick Presas of the Caloocan City Medical Society; Dr. Mar Cruz, Dr. Mayumi Bismarck, and Dr. Edith Zulueta of the Marikina Valley Medical Society; Dr. Kharen AbatSenen of the Valenzuela City Medical Society; Dr. Romy Encanto and Dr. Cosme Naval of the San Juan Medical Society; Dr. Roberto Anastacio and Dr. Encarnacion Cabral of the Makati Medical Society; and Dr. Amy Tenedero and Dr. Neil Orteza of the Pasay Parañaque Medical Society. The rest of the PMA has lost over 145 physicians due to, or during, the pandemic.
As healthcare workers, how do we deal with their deaths, the inevitability of more deaths, and the very real prospect of our own deaths during these trying times? How do we continue our work of saving lives in our overcrowded hospitals and community-based clinics while dealing with grief and facing our own fears for ourselves and our families?
Over 50 years ago, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross formulated a model of dying with five stages of coping with impending loss of life (denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance) based on her work with dying patients at the University of Chicago, and these have become widely considered as phases of grief that people go through when faced with the prospect of their own death (or as a response to any major life change).3 By focusing “on dying, rather than death,” her work “shifted attention of religious thinkers, pastors, and authors of personal testimonies onto the themes and framework she offered” and “her legacy was to offer a fresh way to think and speak about dying, death and grieving.”4 Whether, and how we might appropriate her framework in order to cope with our personal and collective experiences during this pandemic, a pandemic that is arguably worse than any worst case scenario ever imagined, is another matter altogether. Does the framework even apply?
The very nature of the COVID-19 pandemic is changing how people die -- in ambulances, makeshift tents and long queues outside overflowing hospitals, or en route to distant hospitals with vacancies (with patients from the National Capitol Region travelling to as far away as Central and Northern Luzon or Southern Tagalog and Bicol), or in their own homes (as people with “mild” symptoms are encouraged to monitor themselves at home, often rushing in vain to be admitted in hospitals with no vacancies when it is already too late) -- and “we have to make difficult decisions regarding resuscitation, treatment escalation, and place of care,”5 or of death.
The new normal has been for COVID-19 patients to die alone, and rapidly so, within days or even hours, with little time to go through any process of preparation. Friends and family, including spouses, parents, and children, are separated from the afflicted, and even after death, the departed are quickly cremated, depriving their loved ones of the usual rites and rituals of passage. In most cases, wakes and novenas for the dead can only be held virtually, depriving the grieving loved ones of the support and comfort that face-to-face condolences bring. Indeed, the social support systems that helped people cope with death have been “dismantled, and the cultural and religious rituals that help us process grief also stripped away.”5
Amidst all this, “we must ensure that humanity, community, and compassion at the end of life are sustained,” and that “new expressions of humanity help dispel fear and protect the mental health of bereaved families.”6 What these expressions might be, and whether they can inspire hope in the way that community pantries7 have done remains to be seen. But develop these expressions we must, for our sakes as for the sake of our patients. The “hand of God” -- two disposable latex gloves filled with warm water and tied around the hand of a woman with COVID-19 to alleviate her suffering by nurse technician Araújo Cunha at the Vila Prado Emergency Care Unit in São Paulo is one such poignant expression.8
Ultimately, we must develop such expressions for and among ourselves as well. As healthcare workers, our fears for ourselves, our colleagues, and our own loved ones “are often in conflict with professional commitments” and “given the risks of complicated grief,” we “must put every effort into (our) own preparation for these deaths as well as into (our) own healthy grieving.”9 We cannot give up; our profession has never been as needed as it is now. True, we can only do so much, and so much more is beyond our control. But to this end, let us imagine the soothing, shushing “tahan na” (don’t cry) we whisper to hush crying infants, coupled with the calming invitation “humimlay” (lay down; rest; sleep). Yes, the final bugle call may echo the finality of death, but it can simultaneously reassure us that “all is well, safety rest, God is nigh!”1
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Fried, Norman J. "The Five Senses of Grief." Oncology Times 30, no. 24 (December 2008): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000343813.60846.ea.
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Friedrich, Elmar, and Rolf Wüstenhagen. "Leading Organizations Through the Stages of Grief." Business & Society 56, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 186–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650315576151.
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Ramstad, Sheryl. "Grief and Gratitude." Creative Nursing 20, no. 3 (2014): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.20.3.194.
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People cope with loss and other traumatic life events in their own ways and according to their own individual timelines. Grief is not the same for everyone. Although people may pass through some of the same stages, they do not necessarily go through all of them or in the same order. Oftentimes, gratitude is more readily expressed nearer the time of the life-changing event—gratitude to those who provide care and comfort and gratitude for surviving the ordeal. Clients who are struggling for survival may find it easier to express their gratitude rather than their grief, but eventually expressing both is necessary for full emotional recovery.
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Prigerson, Holly G., and Paul K. Maciejewski. "Grief and acceptance as opposite sides of the same coin: setting a research agenda to study peaceful acceptance of loss." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 6 (December 2008): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.053157.
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SummaryReflections on results of a recent study suggest that stages of grief might more accurately be described as states of grief. Resolution of grief coincides with increasing acceptance of loss. Research indicating how grief resolution promotes acceptance may prove clinically useful in easing emotional pain associated with loss.
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Erdei, Ildiko. "Stages of grief: Economic devastation and social oblivion." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 9, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v9i2.5.
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In the spring of 2008, after Heineken bought the major stake in “Pančevačka pivara” (Pančevo brewery) from Efes, and thus became its owner, the corporation shut down production in the Pančevo factory, fired all remaining workers save for a few managers, and soon after halted production of the only remaining brand of “Pančevačka pivara” which was named after the brewery’s mid-nineteenth century founder – Weifert. Thus, after more than 150 years of beer production in Weifert’s brewery, and more than 280 years after beer first started to be produced in Pančevo, the town is left without a significant industrial capacity and one of its key cultural and identity symbols. What should be cause for concern for researchers is the huge discrepancy between the decades-long endeavor to traditionalize the brewery and the culture of beer consumption and utilize them in the representation of the town as an industry center as well as a multicultural environment with an urban sensibility and significant Habsburg heritage, and the complete silence which followed the closing of the brewery and is still there, four years after the factory shut down. The paper examines how the deep, uncomfortable silence which has enveloped these events, the absence of any kind of public debate on the issue as well as the lack of any kind of articulated unofficial discourse about this loss can be interpreted. Starting from the assumption that any way of speaking is simultaneously a way of not speaking, I will examine the social dynamics of the reverse process in a specific social, economic, political and cultural context. In other words, what is the role of social non-remembrance and what can be gleaned from this non-speaking, repressing, intentional oblivion?
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Cordaro, Millie. "Pet Loss and Disenfranchised Grief: Implications for Mental Health Counseling Practice." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 34, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.34.4.41q0248450t98072.
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Counselors who acknowledge and validate the implications of pet loss will help to re-enfranchise an undervalued grief. In the article, pet loss is conceptualized using both a traditional model of grief, Kubler-Ross's stages of grief, and two contemporary models of loss adaptation, the dual process model and adaptive grieving. General grief reactions to pet loss are discussed, along with the negative impact of disenfranchised grief for pet bereavement. Finally, I address the use of grief counseling, self-help, and community resources for bereaved pet owners.
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Grehan, Helena. "Faction and Fusion in The 7 Stages of Grieving." Theatre Research International 26, no. 1 (March 2001): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883301000104.
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Indigenous Australian theatre company Kooemba Jdarra's production of Wesley Enoch and Deborah Mailman's The 7 Stages of Grieving (performed by Mailman) presents us with a series of stories about grief, grieving and loss. Mailman adopts the position of a ‘nomadic performer’ moving between stories and personae, refusing to embrace a singular character position, instead weaving the performance together through her use of slides, photographs, story and song. The performer claims and marks the space and empowers herself through her control over representation. The stories told often use autobiographical references, however, the style of the work positions the performance piece as a pastiche of stories about Aboriginal grief and grieving rather than an attempt to tell ‘true’ stories. This analysis interrogates the ways in which the spectator is invited to question his/her understandings of, and responses to, the concepts of grief and grieving, and to further question the issue of belonging in Australia, given the past and ongoing oppression of the Indigenous peoples of this land.
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Lieber, Laura S. "Stages of Grief: Enacting Lamentation in Late Ancient Hymnography." AJS Review 40, no. 1 (April 2016): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009416000064.
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This essay explores the rhetoric and performance of grief by examining two related bodies of texts composed in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: eulogies for deceased individuals (hespedim) and communal laments (kinot) for Jerusalem; also included are two “narrative laments” from the same corpus that construct the voices of grieving biblical characters. In the analysis, the dynamics among the living participants in the mourning rituals are investigated, as well as the ways rituals of individual grief and rituals of communal mourning shape each other. Throughout the analysis, specific rhetorical techniques associated with mourning in both the Jewish world and in classical Greco-Roman sources and early Christian materials merit particular scrutiny, as do the experiential components of rhetorical techniques such as refrains, antiphony, anadiplosis, and dialogue. Along the way, contextual features important for understanding the function and efficacy of these works are addressed: social setting, liturgical station, affinity for biblical texts, and the status of the mourned party.
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Lancaster, Jeffrey. "Developmental Stages, Grief, and a Child’s Response to Death." Pediatric Annals 40, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00904481-20110412-09.
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Koblenz, Jessica. "Growing From Grief." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 73, no. 3 (March 10, 2015): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815576123.
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Currently, there are 2.5 million children in the United States who suffered the loss of a parent. Grieving children are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with their nongrieving peers. Adults ( N = 19) who experienced a loss during childhood were interviewed to assess what was most helpful and most harmful in coping through the years following the death. The qualitative descriptions were coded and analysis of common themes determined. Five theoretical constructs were found: adjustment to catastrophe, support, therapy, continuing a connection with the deceased parent, and reinvestment. The findings have clinical applications for bereaved children, their families, and clinical programs targeting this population. The unique insights provide an emotionally salient expression of their experiences and provide a framework for how best to support this group.
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MacCourt, Penny, Marianne McLennan, Sandie Somers, and Marian Krawczyk. "Effectiveness of a Grief Intervention for Caregivers of People With Dementia." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 75, no. 3 (June 3, 2016): 230–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222816652802.
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In this article, we report on the structure and effectiveness of a grief management coaching intervention with caregivers of individuals with dementia. The intervention was informed by Marwit and Meuser’s Caregiver Grief Model and considered levels of grief, sense of empowerment, coping, and resilience using five methods of delivery. Results indicate that the intervention had significant positive effects on caregivers’ levels of grief and increased their levels of empowerment, coping, and resilience. The intervention was found to be effective across caregivers’ characteristics as well as across five delivery modalities. Through description of this intervention, as well as outcome, this research contributes to the body of knowledge about caregivers’ disenfranchised grief and ways to effectively address it.
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Park, Juyoung, and James E. Galvin. "Pre-Loss Grief in Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia with Lewy Bodies." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 1847–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210616.
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Background: Pre-loss grief increases as dementia advances. Caregivers who experience pre-loss grief face risks to their own physical and psychological health. Objective: The study examined factors associated with pre-loss grief in caregivers of older adults with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) to determine whether overall caregiver experiences differ based on the stages of DLB in care recipients. The study also compared pre-loss grief in caregivers of DLB patients with that in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias. Method: Using a cross-sectional design, 714 caregivers of older adults with dementia (488 DLB, 81 AD, 145 other dementias) completed an online survey on pre-loss grief. Multivariate linear regression identified risk factors associated with pre-loss grief and analysis of variance examined whether pre-loss grief in caregivers differed significantly based on type of dementia or stage of DLB. Results: Being the caregiver of a spouse, lower level of caregiver well-being, lower psychological well-being of the caregiver, and higher level of burden were associated (p < 0.005) with increased pre-loss grief in caregivers of older adults with DLB. There was no significant difference in caregiver burden, well-being, or depression according to the various stages of DLB (mild, moderate, severe, deceased) in the care recipients. There was no significant difference in pre-loss grief in caregivers of DLB care recipients compared to caregivers of patients with other dementias. Conclusion: Assessment of DLB caregivers and appropriate interventions should be conducted to reduce their burden and emotional distress to decrease the incidence of pre-loss grief.
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Sainsbury, Mary Kay. "Grief in Multifetal Death." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 37, no. 2 (April 1988): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004104.
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AbstractThe grief process is examined within the framework of multifetal pregnancy in a variety of demise situations. The case studies examined were obtained from approximately 120 lettere and interviews with families predominantly of higher order multiple births, who have experienced either partial or total loss in their pregnancy or afterwards. Objective and subjective factors were addressed. Results indicate the steps of the grief response are worked through in the same order as a singleton demise, but differ in intensity, duration, and frequency, depending on the individual circumstances, type of loss, gestational age, and the parents' backgrounds, expectations and beliefs. A unique feature discovered is that the entire grieving process, from shock through acceptance, appears to be completely experienced twice, with a large percentage of parents experiencing all of the stages three or more times. The general conclusion of the study is that the grieving pattern in multifetal death indeed follows a cycle and pattern of its own and requires special considerations.
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Warmbrωd, Mary Elizabeth Taylor. "Counseling Bereaved Children: Stages in the Process." Social Casework 67, no. 6 (June 1986): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948606700604.
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The three stages of grief counseling suggest guidelines about what to expect and what the counselor can do to assist the bereaved child and parent. The first stage focuses on the time of death, the second explores memories of the deceased, and the third considers present arrangements and future plans.
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Howard, James P. "Editorial commentary: Renal denervation: The three stages of academic grief." Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 30, no. 4 (May 2020): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2019.05.014.
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Silverman, Eden, Lillian Range, and James Overholser. "Bereavement from Suicide as Compared to other Forms of Bereavement." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 30, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bpln-dag8-7f07-0bkp.
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Bereavement from suicide results in a difficult and complex adjustment for the surviving friends and family members. As compared to other forms of bereavement, suicide survivors are likely to experience more intense grief reactions and may suffer from social rejection and alienation. The present study was designed to compare bereavement from suicide with other forms of bereavement on standardized measures of grief, stress, and social supports. College students who were bereaved during the past five years were classified into five groups based on the cause of death: suicide, homicide, accidental death, natural anticipated death, and natural unanticipated death. All participants provided information about their perceived availability of social support, subjective distress reactions, and grief reactions. Bereavement from suicide was associated with more intense grief reactions than the other four groups. However, the five bereavement groups were similar on most measures of social support and subjective distress reactions. The present results suggest that bereavement from suicide poses added difficulties not seen in other forms of bereavement.
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Tilley, Stephen. "Multiple Phobias and Grief: A Case Study." Behavioural Psychotherapy 13, no. 1 (January 1985): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300009332.
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This is a report of a 29-year-old man who presented with (1) multiple phobias, including fears of eating with others, blood and injury, and fainting in crowds; (2) ejaculatory incompetence; and (3) grief unresolved five years after his first wife's death, causing distress and avoidance of grief cues. As he declined an offer of behavioural treatment for the grief, the intention of the case design was to measure changes in grief-related distress and avoidance, but not treat it. However, exposure in vivo for the largely non-grief-related phobias involved inadvertent exposure to cues for grief and the man initiated some self-directed exposure to cues for grief. Measures indicated reduction in both phobic and some grief-related symptomatology. Mechanisms possibly accounting for these changes, and difficulties encountered in trying to treat this phobia while leaving grief untreated, are discussed. It is suggested that under certain circumstances, grief pathology may reduce during behavioural treatment for related phobic problems.
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O'Connor, Cathy, and Elizabeth Templeton. "Grief and Loss: Perspectives for School Personnel." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 12 (November 2002): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100004581.
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Discussing death, grief and loss is difficult, however, the impact of loss on students makes dealing with bereavement and grief unavoidable for teachers. To best prepare for helping students, school personnel need to deal with their own feelings about these issues first. Becoming familiar with children's perceptions of death, the stages and expressions of grief, and effective coping strategies will further enhance the support provided by school personnel to graving students (Westmoreland, 1996). This paper reviews the literature on grief and loss in order to provide a background from which school personnel may draw in their preparation for assisting students experiencing such circumstances. Clarification of commonly used terms is provided and the nature of grief and loss is explored. Implications for parents, teachers, counsellors and school systems are outlined and a brief overview of recommended strategies is presented.
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Ginzburg, Karni, Yael Geron, and Zahava Solomon. "Patterns of Complicated Grief among Bereaved Parents." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 45, no. 2 (October 2002): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xuw5-qgq9-kcb8-k6ww.
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This study assessed patterns of grief reactions and their adaptiveness, among bereaved parents, who had lost an adult child during military service. The prevalence of the various reactions and their associations with psychosocial adjustment and risk-related factors were examined. Eighty-five bereaved parents filled out a battery of questionnaires 2.5 years after their loss. Type of grief reaction (absence, delayed, prolonged, and resolved) was identified utilizing the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TIG). In addition, psychiatric symptomatology, psychosocial functioning, and sociodemographic background were examined. Results indicated that prolonged grief reactions and absence of grief were the most prevalent variants. Absent and delayed grief reactions were associated with lower levels of psychosocial adjustment compared with prolonged grief reaction. Level of education, religious attitudes, and the circumstances of the loss were associated with the type of grief reaction. The findings of this study demonstrate the complexity of defining certain reactions as complicated. The identification of absence of grief and delayed grief reactions as being complicated is supported, but the inclusion of prolonged grief reaction as a complicated maladaptive reaction should be reconsidered.
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Harwood, Daniel. "Grief in old age." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 15, no. 3-4 (August 2005): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259806001912.
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Good quality research on grief and bereavement has flourished in the last decade. Until now, relatively few studies have studied grief specifically in an older population. However, a series of papers arising from the Changing Lives of Older Couples (CLOC) study carried out at the University of Michigan have clarified the mechanisms of psychological and social adjustment to spousal bereavement in a population of older people. The last five years have witnessed the replication and refinement of the University of Pittsburgh group's research on the important concept of complicated or ‘traumatic’ grief, which was highlighted in the last review of this topic in this journal. Major reviews on social support after bereavement and on treatments for grief symptoms have been published, and guidelines written on the management of the bereaved in a general hospital setting. This review will attempt to summarize the main themes from these and other important recently published papers in this area.