Academic literature on the topic 'Five-Step procedure'
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Journal articles on the topic "Five-Step procedure"
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Kamin, Lawrence F. "Using a Five-Step Procedure for Inferential Statistical Analyses." American Biology Teacher 72, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.3.11.
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Many statistics texts pose inferential statistical problems in a disjointed way. By using a simple five-step procedure as a template for statistical inference problems, the student can solve problems in an organized fashion. The problem and its solution will thus be a stand-by-itself organic whole and a single unit of thought and effort. The described procedure can be used for both parametric and nonparametric inferential tests. The example given is a chi-square goodness-of-fit test of a genetics experiment involving a dihybrid cross in corn that follows a 9:3:3:1 ratio. This experimental analysis is commonly done in introductory biology labs.
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Krystal, G., HR Pankratz, NM Farber, and JE Smart. "Purification of human erythropoietin to homogeneity by a rapid five- step procedure." Blood 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.1.71.71.
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Abstract Human urinary erythropoietin (Ep) has been purified using a simple five- step procedure to yield preparations with potencies of 80,000 U/mg in 25% yield. The five steps involve: (1) affinity chromatography on CM Affi-Gel Blue, (2) chromatofocusing, (3) wheat germ lectin (or hydroxylapatite) chromatography, (4) reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a phenyl column, and (5) preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Ep activity was determined at each stage using a highly sensitive and specific in vitro assay that measures [3H]-thymidine incorporation into erythroid cells from spleens of phenylhydrazine-treated mice. The step 5 material was also tested with the in vivo polycythemic mouse assay procedure and was found to have a similar potency to that obtained in the [3H]-thymidine in vitro assay. SDS-PAGE analysis of the step 5 material revealed a single 38.5-kd band that comigrated with Ep bioactivity. Homogeneity was confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis. Starting with urine containing approximately 13 U/mg of protein, the cumulative degrees of purification achieved with each step were: step 1,25-fold; step 2, 75-fold; step 3, 300-fold; step 4, 1,500-fold; and step 5, 5,000-fold. Corresponding overall recoveries after each step were: greater than 100%, 70%, 45%, 30%, and 25%. These recoveries could be obtained when as little as 5,000 U of starting urinary Ep were processed because of the introduction of Tween 20 and SDS into buffers used at various stages of the purification procedure. In addition, a rapid method for determining Ep purity which involves reverse-phase HPLC of trypsinized 125I-labeled Ep is presented. This allows the establishment of purity with far less material than is required for amino acid sequencing.
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Krystal, G., HR Pankratz, NM Farber, and JE Smart. "Purification of human erythropoietin to homogeneity by a rapid five- step procedure." Blood 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.1.71.bloodjournal67171.
Full textAbstract:
Human urinary erythropoietin (Ep) has been purified using a simple five- step procedure to yield preparations with potencies of 80,000 U/mg in 25% yield. The five steps involve: (1) affinity chromatography on CM Affi-Gel Blue, (2) chromatofocusing, (3) wheat germ lectin (or hydroxylapatite) chromatography, (4) reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a phenyl column, and (5) preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Ep activity was determined at each stage using a highly sensitive and specific in vitro assay that measures [3H]-thymidine incorporation into erythroid cells from spleens of phenylhydrazine-treated mice. The step 5 material was also tested with the in vivo polycythemic mouse assay procedure and was found to have a similar potency to that obtained in the [3H]-thymidine in vitro assay. SDS-PAGE analysis of the step 5 material revealed a single 38.5-kd band that comigrated with Ep bioactivity. Homogeneity was confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis. Starting with urine containing approximately 13 U/mg of protein, the cumulative degrees of purification achieved with each step were: step 1,25-fold; step 2, 75-fold; step 3, 300-fold; step 4, 1,500-fold; and step 5, 5,000-fold. Corresponding overall recoveries after each step were: greater than 100%, 70%, 45%, 30%, and 25%. These recoveries could be obtained when as little as 5,000 U of starting urinary Ep were processed because of the introduction of Tween 20 and SDS into buffers used at various stages of the purification procedure. In addition, a rapid method for determining Ep purity which involves reverse-phase HPLC of trypsinized 125I-labeled Ep is presented. This allows the establishment of purity with far less material than is required for amino acid sequencing.
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Papavassiliou, G. C., G. A. Mousdis, and G. C. Anyfandis. "An Improved Synthesis of Nickel-bis[5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxine- 2,3-dithiolate], Ni(edo)2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 707–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0618.
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Sherwood, Alexander M., Poncho Meisenheimer, Gary Tarpley, and Robert B. Kargbo. "An Improved, Practical, and Scalable Five-Step Synthesis of Psilocybin." Synthesis 52, no. 05 (January 8, 2020): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691565.
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Described herein is an improved synthesis of 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate (psilocybin). The protocol outlines: synthesis of multigram quantities of psilocybin, identification of critical in-process parameters, and isolation of psilocybin without the use of chromatography, TLC, or aqueous workup. The synthesis furnishes psilocybin in five steps in 23% overall yield from an inexpensive acetoxyindole starting material. With specific focus on process control and impurity fate and removal, the improved procedure is amenable to providing high-quality psilocybin.
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Ariza Abdullah, Mohd Hilmi Abdullah, Taj Rijal Muhamad Romli,. "PROCEDURES IN STRUCTURING VERBAL SENTENCES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING MALAY-ARABIC TRANSLATION COURSE." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2307.
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This paper discusses the procedures used in teaching and learning Malay-Arabic translation courses for students of Bachelor of Arabic Studies with Education.This procedure is designed to facilitate the problem of students in structuring Arabic sentences based on the correct method of translation. Referring to the natural translation theory by Nida and Taber that prioritizes message delivery despite changes to the original text. This method was introduced as an alternative to students to construct Arabic sentences when translating according to the procedure that has been designed systematically for teaching and learning (T&L). This procedure is divided into five steps. The first step is understanding the text through intensive reading. Next, in the second step is finding the meaning of difficult phrases by using dictionary and discussion. The third step, which is the main basis of the procedure is breaking the paragraphs of text into short sentences based on verb phrases. The fourth step is categorizing each sentence into the Arabic syntax structure for verb phrases. The fifth step is compiling and building a draft sentence which is translated directly through the translation text based on the steps above. The outcome of using this procedure increases the quality of Malay-Arabic translation and making it more understandable as students apply the structure of a correct Arabic sentence. This procedure will be used as an alternative for students in practising scientific translation in accordance with translation procedures.
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Palermo, Michele, Stefano Silvestri, Luca Landi, Giada Gasparini, and Tomaso Trombetti. "Peak velocities estimation for a direct five-step design procedure of inter-storey viscous dampers." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14, no. 2 (October 16, 2015): 599–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9829-8.
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Palermo, Michele, Stefano Silvestri, Giada Gasparini, and Tomaso Trombetti. "A Direct Five-Step Procedure for the Dimensioning of Viscous Dampers to Be Inserted in Frame Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.233.
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Many design methods for the design of viscous dampers to be inserted in building structures are available in the scientific literature and building codes. Among others, the authors proposed a five-step procedure guiding the practioner from the choice of a target reduction in the seismic response of the structural system (with respect to the response of a structure without any additional damping devices), to the identification of the corresponding damping ratio and the mechanical characteristics of the commercially available viscous dampers. The original procedure required the development of numerical simulations for the evaluations of the peak inter-storey velocity profiles, necessary for the evaluation of the non-linear damping coefficient. More recently, a fully analytical version of the 5-step procedure (direct) has been also introduced. In the present work, an application of the direct procedure for a three-storey school building is presented.
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Dai, Qing-xia, Noriharu Ae, Takeshi Suzuki, Mani Rajkumar, Shoko Fukunaga, and Nobuhide Fujitake. "Assessment of potentially reactive pools of aluminum in Andisols using a five-step sequential extraction procedure." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 57, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2011.598445.
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Silvestri, Stefano, Giada Gasparini, and Tomaso Trombetti. "A Five-Step Procedure for the Dimensioning of Viscous Dampers to Be Inserted in Building Structures." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 14, no. 3 (March 2010): 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460903093891.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Five-Step procedure"
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Grana, Antonio. "Applicazione della five-step procedure per l’inserimento di smorzatori viscosi in una struttura intelaiata in c.a. irregolare." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Tra tutte le soluzioni sviluppate per la protezione sismica degli edifici, gli smorzatori viscosi sono risultati degli strumenti facilmente applicabili, in grado di dissipare efficacemente l’energia cinetica trasmessa dal sisma alla struttura. Nel 2010, i ricercatori dell’università di Bologna (Silvestri et al. 2010) hanno proposto un approccio progettuale diretto, chiamato "Five-step procedure” che mira a guidare l'ingegnere professionista, dalla scelta del target di prestazioni alla identificazione delle caratteristiche meccaniche degli smorzatori viscosi reperibili in commercio. Questa, fino ad ora, è stata applicata su strutture intelaiate regolari in pianta e in altezza, restituendo sempre dei risultati cautelativi. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di verificare la validità della procedura se applicata ad una struttura irregolare. Come caso di studio è stato scelto un edificio scolastico realizzato negli anni ’70, suddiviso da giunti sismici in quattro blocchi. In questa tesi è stato preso in esame un solo blocco, irregolare sia in pianta che in altezza in virtù della presenza di un muro di contenimento al piano seminterrato, lungo tutto il fronte nord-est. La validità della procedura è stata valutata confrontando: (i) la riduzione delle sollecitazioni, in termini di taglio alla base, per il quale, a causa della presenza del muro, è stato necessario porre particolare attenzione all’interpretazione dei risultati dell’analisi dinamica non lineare condotta mediante software FEM; e (ii) l’aumento dello sforzo normale nei pilastri, per il quale è stato necessario eseguire un’analisi con integrazione al passo. Dai risultati ottenuti si evince che la procedura rappresenta una buona guida per il dimensionamento degli smorzatori anche se applicata ad una struttura irregolare, infatti i risultati restituiti sono ancora cautelativi.
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Bernardelli, Simone. "Progettazione sismica di edifici a telaio dotati di dissipatori viscosi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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Lo scopo di questo elaborato è contestualizzare la procedura di progetto per smorzatori viscosi "Direct Five Step Procedure" in un iter progettuale completo e differente a seconda se si tratti di nuova progettazione, o adeguamento sismico di un edificio esistente. Tale procedura, elaborata dal gruppo di ricerca dell'università di Bologna guidata dal Prof.Ing. Stefano Silvestri, è studiata nel dettaglio ed è stata integrata in modo da tenere conto della capacità duttile della struttura, in quanto originariamente predisposta a mantenere la struttura in campo elastico. Si presenta inoltre un confronto con la metodologia suggerita dal testo normativo americano illustrandone le differenze.
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Mazza, Samuele. "Soluzioni progettuali con dissipatori viscosi per il miglioramento sismico di un edificio ospedaliero." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Nel presente elaborato si sono analizzate alcune metodologie per il miglioramento sismico dell'Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli. In particolare sono state elaborate tre differenti soluzioni progettuali contemplanti i dispositivi di smorzamento viscoso. Le soluzioni si diversificano oltre che dal punto di vista applicativo, anche da quello teorico, in quanto gli smorzatori in una soluzione sono stati inseriti all'interno della costruzione stessa venendo quindi modellati in modo proporzionale alle masse di piano, nelle altre due soluzioni sono inseriti al di fuori della struttura, costituendo alcune torri esterne a complemento del progetto di miglioramento; in quest'ultimo caso i dispositivi vengono modellati proporzionalmente alle rigidezze laterali degli elementi verticali interpiano. Il dimensionamento degli smorzatori è stato effettuato seguendo i criteri proposti nella Five-Step Procedure proposta da Silvestri et al. nel 2010. Per ogni soluzione, si è redatto il corrispondente computo metrico estimativo al fine di confrontare i costi delle tre soluzioni.
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Kabiri, Far Bardia. "Application of the Equivalent Static Analysis method to the design of a steel frame structure with added viscous dampers." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10647/.
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All the structures designed by engineers are vulnerable to natural disasters including floods and earthquakes. The energy released during strong ground motions should be dissipated by structural elements. Before 1990’s, this energy was expected to be dissipated through the beams and columns which at the same time were a part of gravity-load-resisting system. However, the main disadvantage of this idea was that gravity-resisting-frame was not repairable.
Hence, during 1990’s, the idea of designing passive energy dissipation systems, including dampers, emerged. At the beginning, main problem was lack of guidelines for passive energy dissipation systems. Although till 2000 many guidelines and procedures where published, yet most of them were based on complicated analysis which was not so convenient for engineers and practitioners.
In order to solve this problem recently some alternative design methods are proposed including 1. Lopez Garcia (2001) simple procedure for optimal damper configuration in MDOF structures 2. Christopoulos and Filiatrault (2006) trial and error procedure 3. Silvestri et al. (2010) Five-Step Method. 4. Palermo et al. (2015) Direct Five-Step Method. 5. Palermo et al. (2016) Simplified Equivalent Static Analysis (ESA). In this study, effectiveness and differences between last three alternative methods have been evaluated.
Books on the topic "Five-Step procedure"
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Technical Writing Process: The simple, five-step guide that anyone can use to create technical documents such as user guides, manuals, and procedures. Technical Writing Process, 2015.
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Bucher, Taina. If...Then. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190493028.001.0001.
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IF … THEN provides an account of power and politics in the algorithmic media landscape that pays attention to the multiple realities of algorithms, and how these relate and coexist. The argument is made that algorithms do not merely have power and politics; they help to produce certain forms of acting and knowing in the world. In processing, classifying, sorting, and ranking data, algorithms are political in that they help to make the world appear in certain ways rather than others. Analyzing Facebook’s news feed, social media user’s everyday encounters with algorithmic systems, and the discourses and work practices of news professionals, the book makes a case for going beyond the narrow, technical definition of algorithms as step-by-step procedures for solving a problem in a finite number of steps. Drawing on a process-relational theoretical framework and empirical data from field observations and fifty-five interviews, the author demonstrates how algorithms exist in multiple ways beyond code. The analysis is concerned with the world-making capacities of algorithms, questioning how algorithmic systems shape encounters and orientations of different kinds, and how these systems are endowed with diffused personhood and relational agency. IF … THEN argues that algorithmic power and politics is neither about algorithms determining how the social world is fabricated nor about what algorithms do per se. Rather it is about how and when different aspects of algorithms and the algorithmic become available to specific actors, under what circumstance, and who or what gets to be part of how algorithms are defined.
Book chapters on the topic "Five-Step procedure"
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Tongway, David J., and John A. Ludwig. "Our Approach to Restoring Disturbed Landscapes: A Five-Step Adaptive Procedure." In Restoring Disturbed Landscapes, 3–5. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-007-1_1.
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Pastoors, Andreas, Tilman Lenssen-Erz, Tsamgao Ciqae, /Ui Kxunta, Thui Thao, Robert Bégouën, and Thorsten Uthmeier. "Episodes of Magdalenian Hunter-Gatherers in the Upper Gallery of Tuc d’Audoubert (Ariège, France)." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 211–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_13.
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AbstractThe Tuc d’Audoubert cave (Ariège, France) offers unique insights into the life of Late Pleistocene hunters-gatherers due to its exceptionally good preservation conditions. This is especially true for the 300 footprints in the upper gallery of the cave. Even for the layperson, some trackways are easily recognized. Short episodes of past life become tangible. The spectrum of scientific analytic methods used in western science has not yet provided an option to interpret these visible episodes satisfactorily. For this reason, tracking experts, i.e. indigenous ichnologists, were invited to analyse the footprints in Tuc d’Audoubert. With their dynamic approach of identification, they are able to do justice to the dynamics embodied in the footprints. In total, eight main concentrations in four different locations were studied. Two hundred fifty-five footprints were identified and grouped into 24 events. In view of the group compositions and the assumption that humans did not climb alone into the upper gallery for security reasons, it can be concluded that a maximum of five visits by two to six subjects were carried out. Among the events, the couple of an adult man and an adult woman, who appear together in a total of ten different spots, is particularly noteworthy. Altogether, this study is a first step of a multi-stage procedure. Further analyses based on measurements and plantar pressure analyses will follow.
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Wang, Z., Y. Hu, H. Hao, B. Wang, M. Jin, Y. Zou, and R. Li. "Five-step extraction procedure for determination of heavy metals bioavailability to Maize (Zea may L.)." In Water-Rock Interaction. Taylor & Francis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415451369.ch327.
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Ameddah, Hacene. "Integrated Kinematic Machining Error Compensation for Impeller Rough Tool Paths Programming in a Step-Nc Format Using Neural Network Approach Prediction." In Artificial Neural Network Applications in Business and Engineering, 144–70. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3238-6.ch007.
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The most important components used in aerospace, ships, and automobiles are designed with free form surfaces. An impeller is one of the most important components that are difficult to machine because of its twisted blades. This research book is based on the premise that a STEP-NC program can document “generic” manufacturing information for an impeller. This way, a STEP-NC program can be made machine-independent and has an advantage over the conventional G-code-based NC program that is always generated for a specific CNC machine. Rough machining is recognized as the most crucial procedure influencing machining efficiency and is critical for the finishing process. The research work reported in this chapter focuses on introduces a fully STEP-compliant CNC by putting forward an interpolation algorithm for non uniform rational basic spline (NURBS) curve system for rough milling tool paths with an aim to solve the problems of kinematic errors solutions in five axis machine by neural network implementation.
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"- Three-Step Procedure Lessons." In What's Your Problem? Identifying and Solving the Five Types of Process Problems, 146–57. Productivity Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13163-15.
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Sato, Yukiko, Stefan Brückner, and Maja Pušnik. "A Cross-Cultural Newspaper Content Analysis: Smart Cities in Japanese and Slovenian Newspapers." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200833.
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The realisation of smart cities has attracted much attention in recent years from private and governmental actors, as a means to make cities more efficient, climate friendly and socially inclusive through the use of modern technology. However, few studies examine how smart cities are framed and understood within the public sphere. The aim of this study is to compare how domestic smart city initiatives are reported in the news of their respective countries, and to clarify the differences and similarities in media content. In this paper, we present the initial findings of our planned long-term comparative news content analysis. As a first step, we analysed national newspaper articles published between 2011 and 2019 in Japan and Slovenia. Our corpus consists of 41 Japanese and 20 Slovenian articles, written in relation to domestic smart city initiatives. In total, we identified 14 themes, five of which were common in both countries, while the remaining nine appeared exclusively in the news of one country. Our conclusions indicate that the news in both countries differ in what application domains of Smart Cities are discussed (e.g. natural resources and energy, transportation and mobility). We establish a procedure for further cross-cultural analyses, necessary to understand how smart cities are framed in the public sphere. Thereby, we contribute to further discussion on the nature and definition of smart cities and how they are communicated.
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Taber, Douglass. "The Bergman-Ellman Synthesis of (-)-Incarvillateine." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0092.
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The monoterpene alkaloid (-)-incarvillateine 3 has interesting symmetry properties. The central cyclobutane diacid core is not itself chiral, but the appended alkaloids are. The key step in the total synthesis of 3 recently (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 6316) described by Robert G. Bergman and Jonathan A. Ellman of the University of California, Berkeley was the diastereoselective Rh-catalyzed cyclization of 1 to 2. The cyclobutane diacid core 5 was assembled from ferulic acid 4 following the procedure of Kibayashi (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 16553). The starting point for the preparation of 1 was the commercial aldehyde 6. Enantioselective allylation followed by silylation delivered 7, which on cross metathesis with methacrolein gave the diene aldehyde 8. Imine formation then completed the construction of 1. The cyclization of 1 was effected by warming (45 °C, 6 h) with 2.5 mol % [RhCl(coe)2]2 and 5.5 mol % (DMAPh)Pet2 ligand. While eight products were possible from the cyclization (four diastereomers, two geometric isomers of the exo alkene), only two were observed, with one predominating. Since the product mixture was easily susceptible to tautomerization, it was carried on directly to reduction and cyclization, to form the lactam 8. Hydrogenation of 8 to 9 required high temperature and pressure, but delivered 9 as a single diastereomer. Reduction and desilylation then set the stage for Mitsunobu coupling with 5, to give 11. Dissolving metal conditions removed the tosyl groups from 5 to give (-)-incarvillateine 3. It will be interesting to see how general this Rh catalyzed cyclization will be. It will also be interesting to establish the mechanism. The authors described the cyclization of 1 as proceeding via initial metalation of the alkene C-H bond, followed by insertion of the ester-bearing alkene into the C-Rh bond to form a new C-Rh bond, and finally reductive elimination. Their previous observation of metalation of such an unsaturated imine with maintenance of the alkene geometry suppported this mechanism. The high diastereocontrol also suggested intramolecular C-C bond formation. Whatever the mechanism, the enantiomerically-pure cyclopentane 2, having four of its five carbons functionalized, is a versatile intermediate for further transformation.
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Cardoso, Leonardo. "Legal Channels." In Sound-Politics in São Paulo, 142–66. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660093.003.0006.
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The chapter is organized into two main sections. The first part focuses on three crucial translators in this network: the lawyer, the state prosecutor, and the appellate judge. These agents will guide us through the series of procedural steps necessary for moving along the legal channels. Once we have understood how these actors build and make decisions on noise litigation (step-by-step, document-by-document), we can then approach the five legal channels more fully. The second section focuses on jurisprudence. I discuss how cases enter the Palace of Justice as legal appeals and leave the building as either the confirmation or rebuttal of the administrative fine and initial judgment sentences. The section examines the weight of legal documents in the Court of Appeals and the most frequent strategies the parties use to articulate the law to their own advantage.
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Sanchéz, Paola Andrea Sanchéz, José Rafael García González, Carlos Hernán Fajardo-Toro, and Paloma María Teresa Martínez Sánchez. "Designing a Neural Network Model for Time Series Forecasting." In Theoretical and Applied Mathematics in International Business, 259–84. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8458-2.ch012.
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Artificial neural networks are highly flexible and efficient tools in the approximation of time series patterns. In recent years, more than 5,000 studies oriented to the use of neural networks in time series forecasting have been evidenced in the extant literature. However, the methodology used for its specification and construction still involves a lot of trial and error or is inherited from econometric and statistical procedures that do not fit perfectly to the characteristics of the time series. This is especially true when they present non-linear behavior; moreover, it is not designed for working with neural networks. The objective of this chapter is to present a five-step guide for the specification, design, and validation of a neural network model for forecasting time series.
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Tansey, Michael. "Distilling the Essence of the Protocol: The Protocol Synopsis." In Intelligent Drug Development. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199974580.003.0010.
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The main objective is to get the preparatory phase of the trial, especially protocol feasibility, up and running as rapidly and efficiently as possible. The protocol synopsis is the most important document for ensuring a successful trial. It comprises all the elements essential for planning and carrying out a clinical trial, and is quicker to write, easier to read, less likely to have inconsistencies, and much easier to modify than a full protocol. A protocol synopsis is usually between five and seven pages long, whereas a typical protocol can run from 60 pages (rarely fewer) to 100 pages (sometimes more). The synopsis is therefore the ideal document to use for all the early preparatory activities, as the full protocol adds no value for planning and operational purposes. A fairly typical protocol synopsis template is shown in the appendix at the end of this chapter. The first step is to get an approved draft protocol synopsis. This version of the synopsis should be as complete as possible in every respect, except for those changes that will need to be made as a result of feasibility testing. It is, in effect, the penultimate version of the core of the final protocol. It should go through as many iterations as needed until it reaches the stage at which it can be approved, pending feasibility. At this stage, all aspects relating to the objectives, design, endpoints, investigations, lab tests, and treatment and procedural schedules should be final; otherwise, doing feasibility is a waste of time. This chapter describes how to get to the approved draft protocol synopsis. There are then two more steps that will be described in detail in the following chapters. The second step is the approved protocol synopsis. The draft synopsis has been amended as needed to ensure optimal feasibility without diminishing the validity of the study and has been approved. At this stage, the protocol is, in effect, locked and ready to be implemented.
Conference papers on the topic "Five-Step procedure"
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Jafari, Rouhollah, Louis L. Flynn, Aren Hellum, and Ranjan Mukherjee. "Energy-Conserving Gaits for Point-Foot Planar Bipeds: A Five-DOF Case Study." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3723.
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We propose a general method for designing energy-conserving gaits for point-foot planar bipeds. The method relies on satisfying specific boundary conditions for joint trajectories of the biped. These boundary conditions ensure that potential and kinetic energies of the biped are the same at the beginning and end of each step and there is no impact, i.e, no energy loss, at the time of swing-foot touchdown. The mechanical energy required by the gait over each step is therefore zero from the principle of work and energy. To illustrate the procedure for designing energy-conserving gaits, the proposed method is applied to a general five-dof biped.
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Zhang, L., M. Wen, Z. Y. Li, J. Y. Zheng, X. X. Liu, Y. Z. Zhao, and C. L. Zhou. "Materials Safety for Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement of Metals in High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage for Fuel Cell Vehicles." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78269.
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Materials safety and selection for the application of metals in high-pressure hydrogen storage of fuel cell vehicles were introduced based on the hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE) examinations using the materials testing equipment. Testing steps are as follows; the 1st step is the tensile test in high-pressure hydrogen by slow strain rate technique to evaluate the effect of hydrogen and divide the materials into five categories based on stress-strain curves. The materials of type III, IV and V are picked up and their yield points and ultimate tensile strengths are collected. The 2nd step is the fracture mechanics test to obtain KICs and KIHs of type III, IV and V materials. The materials of type IV and V are considered to be applicable as usual. The 3rd step is the crack growth test to obtain the fatigue crack growth data. A special consideration of HGE is taken for the design of the equipment with limited operation period or cycles for the materials of type III. The issue of the Kth’s reproducibility remains unresolved, which calls another testing method and design concept. Candidate materials are then nominated following the procedure of materials selection.
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Honda, Yuki, Hiroyuki Sato, Shigeaki Nakagawa, and Hirofumi Ohashi. "Uncertainty Analysis for Source Term Evaluation of High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Under Accident Conditions: Identification of Influencing Factors in Loss-of-Forced Circulation Accidents." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67587.
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One of the key elements in probabilistic risk assessment is identification and characterization of uncertainties. This paper aims to suggest a procedure to identify influencing factors for uncertainty in source term evaluation, which are important to risk of public dose. We propose the following five steps for the identification: (1) derivation of variable parameters by expansion of dynamic equation for the system and scenario to be investigated, (2) extraction of uncertainties in variable factors, (3) selection of influencing factors for uncertainty among variable parameters by analysis of existing knowledge and sensitivity study, (4) identification of influencing factors for uncertainty using expert judgement, and (5) integration of selected factors in the aforementioned steps and determination of input parameters in the uncertainty evaluation of the source term evaluation tools relevant to selected factors. The approach is applied to select factors for a risk dominant accident scenario in direct cycle High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) plant. As a first step, this approach is tested to evaluation of fuel temperature in a depressurized loss-of-forced circulation (DLOFC) accident and failure of mitigation systems such as control rod systems in a representative HTGR plant from the view point of reactor dynamics and thermal hydraulic characteristics. The procedures (1) and (2) are trial to investigate in this paper. As a result, the variable parameters and the relevant uncertainties are successfully extracted in accordance with the suggested procedure. The result will be used for determination of input parameter and uncertainty distribution of these parameters in the uncertainty analysis of source term evaluation.
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Kumar, Ankan, and Sandip Mazumder. "An Unstructured Reacting Flow Solver With Coupled Implicit Solution of the Species Conservation Equations." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56145.
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Many reacting flow applications mandate coupled solution of the species conservation equations. A low-memory coupled solver was developed to solve the species transport equations on an unstructured mesh with implicit spatial as well as species-to-species coupling. First, the computational domain was decomposed into sub-domains comprised of geometrically contiguous cells—a process termed internal domain decomposition (IDD). This was done using the binary spatial partitioning (BSP) algorithm. Following this step, for each sub-domain, the discretized equations were developed using the finite-volume method, written in block implicit form, and solved using an iterative solver based on Krylov sub-space iterations, i.e., the Generalized Minimum Residual (GMRES) solver. Overall (outer) iterations were then performed to treat explicitness at sub-domain interfaces and non-linearities in the governing equations. The solver is demonstrated for a laminar ethane-air flame calculation with five species and a single reaction step, and for a catalytic methane-air combustion case with 19 species and 22 reaction steps. It was found that the best performance is manifested for sub-domain size of about 1000 cells, the exact number depending on the problem at hand. The overall gain in computational efficiency was found to be a factor of 2–5 over the block Gauss-Seidel procedure.
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Donateo, Teresa, Arturo de Risi, and Domenico Laforgia. "On the Computer-Aided Conversion of a Diesel Engine to CNG-Dedicated or Dual Fuel Combustion Regime." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81090.
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The paper proposes a cost-saving analytical methodology using empirical based models to efficiently evaluate design alternatives in the optimization of a CNG converted diesel engine. The procedure is performed in five steps. Firstly, a database of different combustion chambers that can be obtained from the original piston is obtained. The chambers in the database differ for the shape of the bowl, the value of the compression ratio, the offset of the bowl and the size of the squish region. The second step of the procedure is the selection, from the first database, of the combustion chambers able to resist to the mechanical stresses due to the pressure and temperature distribution at full load. For each combination of suitable combustion chamber shape and ignition timing, a CFD simulation is used to evaluate the combustion performance of the engine. Then, a post-processing procedure is used to evaluate the detonation tendency and intensity of each combination. All the tools developed for the application of the method have been linked in the ModeFrontier optimization environment in order to perform the final choice of the combustion chamber. The overall process requires not more of a week of computation on the 4 processor servers considered for the optimization. Moreover, the selected chambers can be obtained from the original piston of the engine. Therefore, the conversion cost of the engine is quite small compared with the case of a completely new piston. The procedure can be applied to diesel engines to be converted to either CNG dedicated or dual fuel combustion. The main aspects and challenges to be taken into account in both cases are also analyzed.
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Wang, Siwei, Xinwang Liu, En Zhu, Chang Tang, Jiyuan Liu, Jingtao Hu, Jingyuan Xia, and Jianping Yin. "Multi-view Clustering via Late Fusion Alignment Maximization." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/524.
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Multi-view clustering (MVC) optimally integrates complementary information from different views to improve clustering performance. Although demonstrating promising performance in many applications, we observe that most of existing methods directly combine multiple views to learn an optimal similarity for clustering. These methods would cause intensive computational complexity and over-complicated optimization. In this paper, we theoretically uncover the connection between existing k-means clustering and the alignment between base partitions and consensus partition. Based on this observation, we propose a simple but effective multi-view algorithm termed {Multi-view Clustering via Late Fusion Alignment Maximization (MVC-LFA)}. In specific, MVC-LFA proposes to maximally align the consensus partition with the weighted base partitions. Such a criterion is beneficial to significantly reduce the computational complexity and simplify the optimization procedure. Furthermore, we design a three-step iterative algorithm to solve the new resultant optimization problem with theoretically guaranteed convergence. Extensive experiments on five multi-view benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed MVC-LFA.
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Ponti, Fabrizio, Gabriele Serra, and Carlo Siviero. "A Phenomenological Combustion Model for Common Rail Multi-Jet Diesel Engine." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0951.
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The simplest way to describe the combustion process into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine and the associated heat release is to estimate at each crankshaft angular position the mass fraction of fuel burned using a proper function. There is a number of functions recorded in the literature that have been used for this purpose, the most relevant being likely the so-called Wiebe function. These functions have been developed both for spark ignition and diesel engines. The development of modern Common Rail injection systems makes the application of this kind of methodology particularly challenging. The trend seems to indicate, in fact, that in the near future Diesel engine injection systems will perform up to five injections per engine cycle. Therefore the way energy is released into the cylinder could become very complex to be described and the simple approaches developed up to now could be not sufficient anymore. This paper deals with the development of a single zone combustion model able to correctly describe the heat release rate for a common rail multi-jet diesel engine employing up to 4 injections per engine cycle. The model has been developed step-by-step from the simplest case of a single injection to the more complex one with 4 injections. It has been identified and validated using experimental data obtained employing from 1 to 4 different injections. Premixed and diffusive combustions have been taken into account, both modelled as “Wiebe functions”. Particular identification problems (such as modelling error with multiple injection or identification robustness procedure) are approached on the basis of real data. The main result is that increasing the number of injections actuated (and then the combustion phases) predictive properties of the model are still acceptable, and identification procedure is robust if initial values of unknown parameters are properly set. The obtained results allowed observing for example the way the combustion delays (i.e the time delays between each Start of Injection and the corresponding Start of Combustion) are modified as the number of injections increases, as well as other important combustion characteristics.
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Zhang, Ri, and Haixiao Liu. "Numerical Simulation of Solid Particle Erosion in a 90 Degree Bend for Gas Flow." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23656.
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Solid particle erosion in piping systems is a serious concern of integrity management in the oil and gas production, which has been widely predicted by the numerical simulation method. In the present work, every step of the comprehensive procedure is verified when applied to predicting the bend erosion for gas flow, and improvements are made by comparing different computational models. Firstly, five turbulent models are implemented to model the flow field in a 90 degree bend for gas flow and examined by the static pressure and velocity profile measured in experiments. Secondly, the particle velocities calculated by fully coupling and one-way coupling are compared with experimental data. Finally, based on the knowledge of flow modeling and particle tracking, four classic erosion equations are introduced to calculate the penetration rates in a 90 degree bend. By comparing with the experimental data available in the literature, it indicates that the k–ε model is the most accurate and effective turbulent model for gas pipe flow; the fully coupling makes the simulation of particle motion closer to measured data; and the Grant and Tabakoff equation presents better performance than other equations.
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Kukla, Sebastian, Thomas Hagemann, and Hubert Schwarze. "Measurement and Prediction of the Dynamic Characteristics of a Large Turbine Tilting-Pad Bearing Under High Circumferential Speeds." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95074.
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The identification results for the linear dynamic coefficients of a K-C model for a large tilting-pad bearing in load between pad configuration are presented for specific bearing loads between 1.0 and 2.0 MPa and circumferential speeds of 39 m/s and 78 m/s. The bearing with a double tilting support is lubricated by spray-bars and can be described by the following specifications: Five pads, 0.23 nominal preload, 60% offset, 56° pad arc angle, 500 mm inner diameter, 350 mm pad length and 1.28 per mill relative bearing clearance. The test rig and the test procedure are described in detail. For the determination of the dynamic coefficients, a harmonic force is induced by two unbalance-vibration generators being attached to the frame of the rig. The relative movement between bearing and shaft is detected by proximity probes between bearing housing and shaft. The bearing forces are identified by measurements of the entire film pressure distribution in both circumferential and axial direction. In the post processing of the data, the dynamic force components are determined by a Fourier-analysis. This procedure is well-established for fixed-pad bearings. However, the uncertainties of its capabilities for tilting-pad bearings are investigated and discussed in this study. The theoretical analyses with the code COMBROS are based on a calculation of linear perturbations for the predicted static properties. The measurement and the calculation procedures show very good agreement for fixed-pad bearings. For a tilting-pad bearing the results differ with increasing frequency ratio and rotational speed. The experimental results show very poor frequency dependence in load direction and a very high one in the orthogonal direction. Theoretically, the influence of the frequency ratio is comparable in both planes and pretty low due to the pivot offset and the high effective preload. While good agreement for the measured and predicted K-C model can be observed at the lower rotational and vibrational frequency the correspondence becomes worse with the increase of both. The identification procedure uses the fluid film force to determine the dynamic coefficients and assumes that this is equal to the load on the bearing in every time step. The results indicate that the experimental identification is uncertain due to the elasticity of the double tilting bearing support and the initiated dynamic effects of it. An improvement of the measurement that also identifies the limitation of the current procedures as well as simplifications in the theoretical analyses are discussed.
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Natali, Emiliano, Barbara Zardin, Giovanni Cillo, and Massimo Borghi. "Modelling of Hydraulic Locking Balancing Circumferential Grooves for Servo-Cylinders’ Piston." In BATH/ASME 2020 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2020-2753.
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Abstract In the hydraulic servo-cylinders design, the circumferential grooves are used in order to reduce the effect of the locking force. This force arises as a consequence to the distribution of pressure around the piston, when both an eccentric position, caused by the load on the piston, and the manufacturing defects on the piston and cylinder surfaces are present. In this work an approach is presented for the calculation of the contribution of the grooves in the definition of the locking force and of the leakage flow rate. The mathematical model proposed is based on the Reynolds equation, properly combined with the continuity equation applied within the grooves. The results of the analysis are combined together with the ones coming from the analysis at the hydrostatic bearings at the rod ends, which have been analyzed on a previous step of the research. A numerical procedure is then created that, with the appropriate input, allows to study the different design configurations of the servo-cylinder. Results here shown are focused on exploring the effect of number, position, size of the grooves and manufacturing tolerances on the piston and cylinder. Simulations are also run under different operating conditions. For the real servo-cylinder configurations tested here, it is shown that five equally spaced grooves may be sufficient to decrease consistently the locking force while containing the flow losses. The procedure is also functional to investigate the bending and seizing of the piston during the different operating conditions, both in steady state and dynamic conditions.