Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fjords – Islande

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fjords – Islande'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fjords – Islande"

1

Higgins, A. K. "North Greenland ice islands." Polar Record 25, no. 154 (1989): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400010809.

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AbstractLarge tabular icebergs derived from the glaciers which drain the north fringe of Greenland's Inland Iceoccur in many North Greenland fjords. Many have undulating surface topography resembling that of the ice islands calved from Ellesmere Island ice shelves. Semi-permanent sea ice in North Greenland fjords often prevents the escape of bergs, except in exceptional summers several decades apart, when the fjord ice melts completely and some bergs may reach the Arctic Ocean. Other possible sources for ice islands are small ice shelves and local glaciers along the north coast of Greenland.
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2

Kjeldsen, Kristian Kjellerup, Reimer Wilhelm Weinrebe, Jørgen Bendtsen, Anders Anker Bjørk, and Kurt Henrik Kjær. "Multibeam bathymetry and CTD measurements in two fjord systems in southeastern Greenland." Earth System Science Data 9, no. 2 (2017): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017.

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Abstract. We present bathymetry and hydrological observations collected in the summer of 2014 from two fjord systems in southeastern Greenland with a multibeam sonar system. Our results provide a detailed bathymetric map of the fjord complex around the island of Skjoldungen in Skjoldungen Fjord and the outer part of Timmiarmiut Fjord and show far greater depths compared to the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean. The hydrography collected shows different properties in the fjords with the bottom water masses below 240 m in Timmiarmiut Fjord being 1–2 °C warmer than in the two fjords around Skjoldungen, but data also illustrate the influence of sills on the exchange of deeper water masses within fjords. Moreover, evidence of subglacial discharge in Timmiarmiut Fjord, which is consistent with satellite observations of ice mélange set into motion, adds to our increasing understanding of the distribution of subglacial meltwater. Data are available through the PANGAEA website at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.860627.
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3

Ulriksen, Jens. "Danish sites and settlements with a maritime context, AD 200–1200." Antiquity 68, no. 261 (1994): 797–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00047487.

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Denmark's long coast-line, with its fjords, sounds, minor waterways, and small islands, provides every need and opportunity for a marine aspect to society. The maritime settlements of the early centuries AD, a special case within the north European pattern of seatrading, are being studied by a new Centre for Maritime Archaeology at Roskilde, whose projects include a study of the shore of Roskilde Fjord.
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4

Myksvoll, Mari S., Kyung-Mi Jung, Jon Albretsen, and Svein Sundby. "Modelling dispersal of eggs and quantifying connectivity among Norwegian coastal cod subpopulations." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 4 (2013): 957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst022.

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Abstract The Norwegian coast is populated by two cod populations: Northeast Arctic cod and Norwegian Coastal cod. In this paper, we use a further division based on life history: oceanic cod, coastal cod, and fjord cod. A numerical ocean model was implemented for the northern Norwegian coast where all these populations have spawning areas. The model results were used to simulate connectivity and retention of cod eggs from the different subpopulations. The model reproduced the observed variability and mesoscale activity in the Norwegian Coastal Current. Eggs released at an oceanic spawning area were transported northwards along the coastline. Coastal cod eggs had intermediate connectivity with each other and fjord cod eggs had high local retention. Although the high retention of eggs in fjord areas is mainly caused by a subsurface distribution of eggs, the intermediate retention of eggs from coastal spawning areas is caused by small-scale eddies in-between many small islands. The high-resolution ocean model made it possible to reveal these specific dispersal patterns. The high retention of early life stages in fjords combined with strong homing to spawning areas indicates that fjord subpopulations may be described as a metapopulation.
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5

Wang, Weizhi, Arun Kamath, and Hans Bihs. "IRREGULAR WAVE MODELLING WITH CFD IN SULAFJORD FOR THE E39 PROJECT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.waves.45.

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The E39 project aims at building a continuous ferry-free coastal highway along the west coast of Norway. Sulafjord is one of the fjords where ferries are to be replaced with floating bridges or floating tunnels. The floating structures demand accurate and realistic numerical simulations of the wave propagation and transformation in the fjords. The Norwegian coastline is characterized by dramatic water depth changes and deep water conditions. The coastal water also contains both swells and local wind-generated waves. These conditions, along with series of islands outside the fjords and very irregular coastline, make wave modeling more challenging for this region. Thus, the application of CFD models which provide high-resolution and phase-resolved solutions for complicated wave freesurface is explored. First, the spectral wave model SWAN is used to estimate the wave properties at the inlet of the Sulafjord from offshore wave data. Using the estimated wave data at the inlet as input, a large-scale 3D regular wave CFD simulation is performed using the open-source model REEF3D. Then unidirectional and multi-directional irregular wave CFD simulations are performed to represent a more realistic sea state, using a frequency spectra and a directional spreading function. The statistical properties of the simulated irregular ocean waves at three locations inside the fjord are compared among the CFD simulations and with the spectral wave model. The differences in the simulation results are discussed and studied.
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6

Politova, N. V., V. P. Shevchenko, and V. V. Zernova. "Distribution, Composition, and Vertical Fluxes of Particulate Matter in Bays of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Vaigach Island at the End of Summer." Advances in Meteorology 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/259316.

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An analysis of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and phytoplankton distribution, composition and vertical particle fluxes in Russkaya Gavan’ Bay (Northern Island of the Novaya Zemlya), Bezymyannaya Bay (Southern Island of the Novaya Zemlya), Dolgaya Bay (northwestern part of the Vaigach Island) in comparison with the data from the Svalbard Archipelago is presented. Field studies were carried out by the authors during the 9th expedition of the RV “Professor Logachev” in September 1994, the 11th, 13th, and 14th expeditions of the RV “Akademik Sergey Vavilov” in September-October 1997 and August-September 1998. The data about Spitsbergen fjords are from literature. Our results show that, on the bays of the Barents Sea islands, most SPM stays in the bays (fjords) and only small part of it reaches the open sea. This is due to the hydrodynamic conditions in the bays, the large size of the particles, flocculation, and often to the morphological barriers in the relief at the bay entrances. It is important for ecological purposes to map out migration pathways of the SPM with pollutants from bays to the open sea. Results of our investigation indicate that the western bays of the Novaya Zemlya act as traps for SPM derived from glaciers and coastal abrasion.
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7

Deering, Robert, Trevor Bell, Donald L. Forbes, Calvin Campbell, and Evan Edinger. "Morphological characterization of submarine slope failures in a semi-enclosed fjord, Frobisher Bay, eastern Canadian Arctic." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 477, no. 1 (2018): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp477.35.

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AbstractSubmarine slope failures in the nearshore waters of SE Baffin Island, eastern Canadian Arctic, present a challenge to coastal and seabed development. Submarine slope failures are a known geohazard in fjords in Norway, Chile, Alaska, British Columbia and elsewhere, but have received little attention in the coastal waters of Arctic Canada. Over the past 6 years, there has been a rapid expansion of multibeam echosounder (MBES) mapping in Canadian Arctic fjords, leading to the discovery of many submarine slope failures. One area that has been mapped in detail is inner Frobisher Bay. This macrotidal, seasonally ice-covered, semi-enclosed embayment has a glacially scoured bed, ice-contact deposits, including recessional moraines, and stratified glaciomarine and post-glacial silts and clays with abundant dropstones. The prevalence of submarine slope failures in the inner bay (one per 20 km2) appears to be anomalous. To date, MBES mapping has imaged at least 246 failures, ranging in size from 0.007 to 2.1 km2 and all within the glaciomarine and post-glacial succession. Morphometric analysis of these features based on high-resolution MBES bathymetry provides an insight into their spatial distribution, relative chronology, triggers and flow characteristics; factors essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying their abundance in this Canadian Arctic fjord.
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8

Vacquié-Garcia, J., C. Lydersen, TA Marques, M. Andersen, and KM Kovacs. "First abundance estimate for white whales Delphinapterus leucas in Svalbard, Norway." Endangered Species Research 41 (February 27, 2020): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01016.

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The Svalbard Archipelago (Norway) is experiencing rapid declines in the seasonal duration and extent of sea-ice cover, and local tidewater glaciers are melting. These environmental changes represent a threat to ice-associated species in the region, including white whales Delphinapterus leucas. However, no estimates of stock size or trends are available for this stock. An aerial survey was conducted during the summer of 2018, covering the coastlines of all major islands in Svalbard, as well fjords and open ocean areas. A total count was attempted for the coastlines, while coverage of the fjords and open ocean areas was designed as distance-sampling line transects. In total, 265 white whales were detected in 22 groups along the 4965 km of coastline coverage. No whales were observed on fjord (1481 km) or open ocean transects (535 km). After correcting for surface availability using behavioural data from the same area (in summer) and making adjustments for small areas not flown during the survey, the stock size was estimated to be 549 individuals (95% CI: 436%%CONV_ERR%%723). This estimate is surprisingly low given that this species is one of the most frequently observed cetaceans in the area, but it confirms suspicions based on difficulties in finding animals when operating white whale tagging programmes over the past decade. This first population estimate is important in the context of the rapid environmental change taking place in the Arctic and for providing a baseline for comparison with future estimates.
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9

Christakos, Konstantinos, Birgitte R. Furevik, Ole Johan Aarnes, Øyvind Breivik, Laura Tuomi, and Øyvind Byrkjedal. "The importance of wind forcing in fjord wave modelling." Ocean Dynamics 70, no. 1 (2019): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-019-01323-w.

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AbstractAccurate predictions of surface ocean waves in coastal areas are important for a number of marine activities. In complex coastlines with islands and fjords, the quality of wind forcing significantly affects the results. We investigate the role of wind forcing on wave conditions in a fjord system partly exposed to open sea. For this reason, we implemented the wave model SWAN at the west coast of Norway using four different wind forcing. Wind and wave estimates were compared with observations from five measurement sites. The best results in terms of significant wave height are found at the sites exposed to offshore conditions using a wind input that is biased slightly high compared with the buoy observations. Positively biased wind input, on the other hand, leads to significant overestimation of significant wave height in more sheltered locations. The model also shows a poorer performance for mean wave period in these locations. Statistical results are supported by two case studies which also illustrate the effect of high spatial resolution in wind forcing. Detailed wind forcing is necessary in order to obtain a realistic wind field in complex fjord terrain, but wind channelling and lee effects may have unpredictable effects on the wave simulations. Pure wave propagation (no wind forcing) is not able to reproduce the highest significant wave height in any of the locations.
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10

Schatz, Elizabeth R., María Gabriela Mángano, Alec E. Aitken, and Luis A. Buatois. "Response of benthos to stress factors in Holocene Arctic fjord settings: Maktak, Coronation, and North Pangnirtung Fjords, Baffin Island, Canada." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 386 (September 2013): 652–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.030.

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