Journal articles: 'FKM guideline'

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Kœchlin, Samuel. "FKM Guideline: Strengths, Limitations and Experimental Validation." Procedia Engineering 133 (2015): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.674.

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Fiedler, Melanie, and Michael Vormwald. "Introduction to the new FKM guideline which considers nonlinear material behaviour." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 10014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816510014.

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In 2018 the German Research Association of Mechanical Engineering (FKM) will present a new guideline for calculating the fatigue crack initiation life of structures and components . The user of this guideline … is able to calculate the fatigue life for crack initiation for structures of steel, cast steel and aluminium alloy … has to perform an elastic FE-calculation and gets the quality of an elastic-plastic calculation … is able to determine the cyclic material parameters and the damage parameter Wöhler curve by the ultimate tensile strength Rm … is able to calculate the fatigue life in HCF and LCF for constant and variable amplitude loading This paper presents the algorithms of the new guideline, gives an overview about the mechanical background and discusses the results for specimens of steel and aluminium alloys. It also shows results comparing the new to the current FKM guideline for a given steel structure.

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McKelvey, Sean A., Yung-Li Lee, and Mark E. Barkey. "Stress-Based Uniaxial Fatigue Analysis Using Methods Described in FKM-Guideline." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 12, no. 5 (August 17, 2012): 445–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-012-9599-4.

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Giannakis, E., and G. Savaidis. "Fatigue assessment of high strength leaf springs based on the FKM guideline." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 47, no. 10 (October 2016): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201600617.

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Lejman, Krzysztof, and Rafał Fedorczuk. "Application of FKM Calculation Algorithm for Determination of Degree of Utilization of A Milk Tank Wall." Agricultural Engineering 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2018-0034.

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AbstractThe objective of the paper was to determine the level of circumferential stress in a wall of an open milk tank and to assess the tank wall degree of utilization according to the FKM Guideline calculation algorithm − Analytical Strength Assessment of Components, Made of Steel Cast Iron and Aluminium Materials in Mechanical Engineering. (German: FKM – Forschungskuratorium für Maschinenbau). The stress level in the tank wall was determined based on analytical calculations and numerical method using the FEA – Finite Elements Analysis. Numerical calculations were made in FEMAP with NX NASTRAN Solver (NASTRAN – NASA Structure Analysis). Similar stress values were found using two independent calculation methods. The difference between obtained stress values does not exceed 2%. Based on the FKM algorithm, the safety factor jges = 1.4 and static capacity of the tank wall ask = 19.7% were calculated.

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Pyttel, B., I. Varfolomeyev, M. Luke, C. Berger, and D. Siegele. "FKM Guideline “Fracture Mechanics Proof of Strength for Engineering Components” — Overview and Extension Topics." Welding in the World 51, no. 5-6 (May 2007): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03266576.

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Giannakis, Efstratios, Elli Sivena, Michail Malikoutsakis, and Georgios Savaidis. "Fatigue design and testing of automotive stabilizer bars." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818802014.

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Stabilisers are components of the axle suspension system of cars trucks, trains and other moving road vehicles that connect the movement of the two sides of the suspension (right and left) to keep the vehicle levelled. Stabilizers experience bending and torsion at operation. In particular, their arms experience bending while the main body mainly torsional loading. In both cases, the highly stressed area is the surface, where the maximum tensile and shear stresses are acting. High strength steels and special treatments, thermal and/or mechanical, are used for the stabilisers’ manufacturing. The present study deals with necessary input data for fatigue life assessments based on the FKM guideline [1]. In addition, fatigue tests are conducted to calculate the stress-life curves of two different manufacturing processes.

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Niwinski, T. J., M. B. Geilen, M. Klein, E. Sharma, J. O. Schommartz, and M. Oechsner. "Fatigue strength of helical compression springs ‐ comparison of calculation methods according to DIN EN 13906‐1 and Forschungskuratorium Maschinenbau (FKM) guideline “Analytical strength assessment of springs and spring elements”." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 52, no. 2 (February 2021): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000237.

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Schuscha, Manuel, Michael Horvath, Martin Leitner, and Michael Stoschka. "Notch Stress Intensity Factor (NSIF)-Based Fatigue Design to Assess Cast Steel Porosity and Related Artificially Generated Imperfections." Metals 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101097.

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Shrinkage porosities and non-metallic inclusions are common manufacturing process based defects that are present within cast materials. Conventional fatigue design recommendations, such as the FKM guideline (“Forschungskuratorium Maschinenbau”), therefore propose general safety factors for the fatigue assessment of cast structures. In fact, these factors mostly lead to oversized components and do not facilitate a lightweight design process. In this work, the effect of shrinkage porosities on the fatigue strength of defect-afflicted large-scale specimens manufactured from the cast steel G21Mn5 is studied by means of a notch stress intensity factor-based (NSIF-based) generalized Kitagawa diagram. Additionally, the mean stress sensitivity of the material is taken into account and establishes a load stress ratio enhanced diagram. Thereby, the fatigue assessment approach is performed by utilizing the defects sizes taken either from the fracture surface of the tested specimens or from non-destructive X-ray investigations. Additionally, a numerical algorithm invoking cellular automata, which enables the generation of artificial defects, is presented. Conclusively, a comparison to the results of the experimental investigations reveals a sound agreement to the generated spatial pore geometries. To sum up, the generalized Kitagawa diagram, as well as a concept utilizing artificially generated defects, is capable of assessing the local fatigue limit of cast steel G21Mn5 components and features the mapping of imperfection grades to their corresponding fatigue strength limit.

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Willyerd, K. T., C. A. Bradley, V. Chapara, S. P. Conley, P. D. Esker, L. V. Madden, K. A. Wise, and P. A. Paul. "Revisiting Fungicide-Based Management Guidelines for Leaf Blotch Diseases in Soft Red Winter Wheat." Plant Disease 99, no. 10 (October 2015): 1434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-15-0218-re.

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Standard foliar fungicide applications in wheat are usually made between flag leaf emergence (Feekes [FK] 8) and heading (FK10.5) to minimize damage to the flag leaf. However, over the last few years, new fungicide programs such as applications prior to FK8 and split half-rate applications have been implemented, although there are few data pertaining to the efficacy of these programs. Eight experiments were conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Wisconsin from 2010 to 2012 to compare new programs to standard FK8 and FK10 programs in terms of disease control and yield response. The programs evaluated consisted of single full-rate applications of 19% tebuconazole + 19% prothioconazole (Prosaro) or 23.6% pyraclostrobin (Headline) at FK5 (pseudostem strongly erected), FK8, or FK10, or split half rates at FK5 and 8 (FK5+8), plus an untreated check (CK). Leaf blotch (LB) severity and yield data were collected and random effects meta-analytical models fitted to estimate the overall log odds ratio of disease reaching the flag leaf ([Formula: see text]) and mean yield increase ([Formula: see text]) for each fungicide program relative to CK. For all programs, [Formula: see text] was significantly different from zero (P < 0.05). Based on estimated odds ratios (OR = exp[[Formula: see text]]), the two FK8 programs reduced the risk of LB reaching the flag leaf by 55 and 75%, compared with 62 and 69% and 67 and 70% for the two FK10 and FK5+8 programs, respectively, and only 32 and 37% for the two FK5 programs. [Formula: see text] was significantly different from zero (P ≤ 0.003) for all FK8, FK10, and FK5+8 programs, with values of 233 and 245, 175 and 220, and 175 and 187 kg ha−1 for the FK10, FK5+8, and FK8 programs, respectively. Differences in mean yield response between Headline and Prosaro were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The probability of profitability was estimated for each program for a range of grain prices and fungicide application costs. All FK8, FK10, and FK5+8 programs had more than an 80% chance of resulting in a positive yield response, compared with 63 and 67% for the two FK5 programs. The chance of obtaining a yield increase of 200 kg ha−1, required to offset an application cost of $36 ha−1 at a grain price of $0.18 kg−1, ranged from 44 to 60% for FK8, FK10 and FK5+8 programs compared with 22 and 25% for the two FK5 programs. These findings could be used to help inform fungicide application decisions for LB diseases in soft red winter wheat.

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Matasar, Matthew J., Rakhee Saxena, Elaine K. Wong, Daniel A. Filippa, and Andrew D. Zelenetz. "Practice Patterns in the Diagnosis of Follicular Lymphoma (FL): Report from the National Lymphocare Study (NLCS)." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2613.2613.

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Abstract The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) issues guidelines that define adequate pathologic evaluation of FL, but rates of adherence to these guidelines have not been reported. The NLCS is a multicenter, longitudinal observational study of patients (pts) with newly diagnosed FL. With over 2700 pts enrolled, the NLCS offers a unique opportunity to characterize patterns of care in the diagnosis of FL. From 9/06 to 3/07, 232 pts in the NLCS had complete pathology reports available for independent review by two oncologists [MJM, EKW]. Data collected included pathologic diagnosis; geographic region; anatomic site, tissue type, and biopsy technique; diagnostic evaluation (morphology, immunohistochemistry [IHC], flow cytometry [FCM], cytogenetics, molecular genetics); and adherence with NCCN guidelines [surgical or core biopsy; consistent morphology; and confirmation of immunophenotype (IP) by IHC [CD20, CD10, CD3, CD5, bcl–2] or FCM [CD19, CD20, CD10, CD5, CD23, κ/λ]]. Discrepant or ambiguous reports were reviewed by two hematopathologists [RS, DAF]. Diagnostically appropriate specimens were obtained in the majority of cases: 78% of pts underwent incisional/excisional biopsy, 18% core biopsy, and 4% fine needle aspiration (FNA). Thirty-two (14%) were enrolled without a diagnosis of FL. Eighteen had diagnoses of B-cell lymphoma (BCL) of follicular center cell origin (FCCO): 8 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of FCCO, and 10 with BCL of FCCO not otherwise specified (NOS). Eight pts (3%) had diagnoses of BCL NOS with suspected FL, 3 (1%) aggressive BCL other than DLBCL of FCCO, and 3 indolent BCL other than FL. Pts with diagnoses other than FL were more likely to have been diagnosed by FNA or core biopsy (59% of non-FL vs. 16.5% of FL, P<0.001). Of the 200 diagnoses of FL, only 5 were made without assessing IP. 76% of FL cases had IHC, 50% FCM, and 7% cytogenetic or molecular genetic testing. However, the overall rate of adherence to NCCN guidelines was only 65%. The most common omission was CD5 testing; when CD5 testing was disregarded, the overall rate of guideline adherence increased to 85%. Rates of guideline adherence differed by US Census region: diagnoses in the Northeast (NE) were more often adherent (90%) than those in the Midwest (55%), West (60%), or South (64%) (P<0.01 for each pairwise comparison vs. NE). However, no impact on guideline adherence was seen by anatomic site, biopsy technique, tissue type, or type of practice (academic or community). In conclusion, adherence to NCCN guidelines is suboptimal, although improved when CD5 (of modest utility in otherwise typical FL) is disregarded; only geographic region predicts guideline adherence. Pts diagnosed by FNA or core biopsy were more likely to be enrolled without a diagnosis of FL, in most cases due either to confusion regarding terminology or to acceptance of suspicious (but non-diagnostic) specimens. Eighteen pts were enrolled with diagnoses of BCL of FCCO, eight of whom had DLBCL; it is likely that clinicians misinterpreted FCCO (describing the IP of a lymphoma) as a diagnosis of FL (a lymphoma with both FCCO phenotype and characteristic morphology). Surgical biopsy remains preferred for diagnosis according to NCCN guidelines, and consideration should be given to replacing “follicular center cell origin” with “germinal center phenotype” to reduce the risk of misinterpretation by clinicians. Future studies will investigate the impact of diagnostic adequacy on management and outcomes.

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Moores, Thomas S., Benjamin D. Chatterton, Matthew J. Walker, and Phillip J. Roberts. "Standardised Warfarin Reversal Expedites Time to Theatre for Fractured Neck of Femur Surgery and Improves Mortality Rates: A Matched Cohort Study." Advances in Orthopedics 2018 (October 21, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4791214.

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Background. This study aims to evaluate outcomes for warfarinised hip fracture patients and compare them with a matched nonwarfarinised group, before and after the introduction of national hip fracture guidelines in the United Kingdom. Methods. A retrospective cohort study of 1743 hip fracture patients was undertaken. All patients admitted taking warfarin were identified. These patients were then matched to nonwarfarinised patients using nearest neighbour propensity score matching, accounting for age, sex, hip fracture type, and Nottingham Hip Fracture Score. A pre-guideline group (no standardised warfarin reversal regimen) and a post-guideline group (standardised regimen) were identified. Outcomes assessed included time to INR less than 1.7, time to theatre, length of stay, and 30-day and 1-year mortality. Results. Forty-six warfarinised hip fracture patients were admitted in the pre-guideline group (mean age 80.5, F:M 3:1) and 48 in the post-guideline group (mean age 81.2 years, F:M 3:1). Post-guideline patients were reversed to a safe operative INR level within 18 hours of admission, decreasing the time to first dose vitamin K (p<0.001). 70% of warfarinised patients were operated upon within 36 hours, compared to 19.6% with no regimen (p<0.05). After anticoagulation reversal protocol, thirty-day mortality decreased from 15.2% to 8.3% and 1-year mortality from 43.5% to 33% for warfarinised patients, which is comparable to nonwarfarinised matched patients. There was no significant change in the length of stay pre- and post-guideline for both groups of patients. Conclusions. Proactive anticoagulant management and expedient surgery reduces morbidity and mortality when managing this surgically challenging subset of hip fracture patients.

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Brook, G., H. Church, C. Evans, N. Jenkinson, H. McClean, H. Mohammed, H. Munro, et al. "2019 UK National Guideline for consultations requiring sexual history taking." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 10 (July 27, 2020): 920–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420941708.

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This guideline is an update of a previous version published in 2013. In this new version, we have reflected changes in the way sexual health services are now provided by assuming an integrated Sexual Health/Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare service. There are new recommendations for online testing, female genital mutilation (FGM), chemsex and considerations for transgender (and non-binary) individuals. Previous versions rather assumed a cis-gender clientele and so we have taken a more mechanistic approach to sex and risk without assuming gender identification. We have updated our gender terminology in line with the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV ‘sexual health standards for trans, including non-binary, people’ although have retained the terminology of ‘men’ and ‘women’ in a few cases where it related to other guidelines, e.g. human papillomavirus vaccination and FGM.

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Siko, Peter Rapula, and Claire Van Deventer. "Compliance with standard treatment guidelines in the management of hypertension: a review of practice of healthcare workers in Potchefstroom, North West Province, South Africa." South African Family Practice 59, no. 2 (May 11, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i2.4686.

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Introduction: Hypertension is a leading lifestyle disease and major cause of morbidity and mortality in South Africa, and globally. Standard Treatment Guidelines are issued in this country to assist healthcare workers in the diagnosis and management thereof. Considering the debilitating effects caused by hypertension, the objectives were to find out whether healthcare workers diagnose and manage hypertension correctly in terms of compliance with the guidelines. Method: A records audit was done of patients newly diagnosed with hypertension between April 2009 and March 2011 from a purposeful sample of clinics and the local hospital, using a data collection tool. The study included all adults above 18 years and excluded all patients with co-morbidity at the time of diagnosis. Results: A total of 475 clinical encounters were analysed. Compliance with diagnosis based on the clinical guideline was 56% and 75% by nurses and doctors respectively. Drug management by doctors was less adherent to guidelines (56.6%) than that of nurses (63.6%) There was overall poor compliance with non-drug management. Conclusions: As the adherence to hypertension guidelines in primary care by healthcare workers in general is suboptimal, continuous professional development in terms of diagnosis, drug and non-drug management is essential. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272246

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Nunn, Paul. "5 New guidelines for managing tuberculosis." Postgraduate Medical Journal 95, no. 1130 (November 21, 2019): 686.2–686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-fpm.5.

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In 2018, tuberculosis (TB) was still among the top 10 leading causes of death, and the leading infectious agent, above HIV/AIDS. An estimated 10 million cases occurred in 2018, with 1.2 million deaths in people uninfected with HIV, and another 250,000 cases of HIV-associated TB. Among all TB cases, 8–6% were HIV infected; 57% were men, 32% women and 11% children (<15 years). About 500,000 cases of rifampicin resistant RR-TB also occurred. Between 2000 and 2018 TB incidence fell on average about 1.6% annually, and 2% between 2017 and 2018. The new global control targets will be presented and recent changes to guidelines positioned in this new scenario.Guidelines for TB management from the UK, US and WHO were reviewed for recent changes. NICE’s 2016 guidance not to screen contacts of non-pulmonary TB met with widespread criticism, but has recently been supported by a cost-effectiveness analysis. A 2019 meta-analysis of the seminal 2014 studies, OFLOTUB, ReMOX and RIFAQUIN trials showed that while none of those trials showed non-inferiority of a four month fluoroquinolone-containing regimen in all patients, those with low smear grade or no cavitation may be treated with 4-month rifampicin containing regimens. ATS/CDC/IDSA guidelines reflect this, but had not been accepted in the UK by October 2019. WHO has recently recommended the use of new agents in the treatment of rifampicin and multi-drug resistant TB. The rapidly-evolving picture of treatment recommendations for MDR-TB will be explained.

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Mandin, H. "Curricula for the Education of Medical Students: Conceptual Guidelines for Medical Schools." Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica 2, no. 3 (1999): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/fem.23.326.

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Funken, Stefan, Dirk Praetorius, and Philipp Wissgott. "Efficient implementation of adaptive P1-FEM in Matlab." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 11, no. 4 (2011): 460–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cmam-2011-0026.

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Abstract We provide a MATLAB package p1afem for an adaptive P1-finite element method (AFEM). This includes functions for the assembly of the data, different error estimators, and an indicator-based adaptive meshrefining algorithm. Throughout, the focus is on an efficient realization by use of MATLAB built-in functions and vectorization. Numerical experiments underline the efficiency of the code which is observed to be of almost linear complexity with respect to the runtime. Although the scope of this paper is on AFEM, the general ideas can be understood as a guideline for writing efficient MATLAB code.

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Seymour, Rebecca. "15. Postpartum care for women with FGM: What do the guidelines say?" Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 42, no. 2 (February 2020): e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2019.11.054.

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Rafi, Muhammad Masood, and Ali Nadjai. "Parametric finite element analysis of FRP reinforced concrete beams in fire and design guidelines." Fire and Materials 38, no. 3 (February 21, 2013): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2180.

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Cancelliere, Piergiacomo. "PV electrical plants fire risk assessment and mitigation according to the Italian national fire services guidelines." Fire and Materials 40, no. 3 (December 5, 2014): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2290.

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Burawska-Kupniewska, Izabela, and Piotr Beer. "Near-Surface Mounted Reinforcement of Sawn Timber Beams-FEM Approach." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 2780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112780.

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The demand for timber has increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, reliable tools are needed to predict the mechanical properties of sawn timber, especially for structural applications. Very complex models require a lot of input data for analysis, which cannot always be guaranteed, especially in industrial practice. Thus, a simplified model for material description was developed and assessed with experiments (static bending tests carried out in accordance with the guidelines suggested in the European standard EN 408) and an analytical approach (gamma method according to the guidelines given in the European standard EN 1995). The effective stiffness was calculated as a major parameter, which has an influence on the elements’ behavior. The model included a near-surface mounted (NSM) local reinforcement technique, with CFRP strips of Scots pine timber beams being subjected to bending stresses. It is anticipated that the developed model can be a starting point for the repair engineering field, contributing to decision-making regarding conservation technique selection and range. Next, improvements of the model will provide more and more realistic results for numerical analysis in terms of the obtained failure mechanisms for sawn timber elements.

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Niklewski, Jonas, Philip Bester van Niekerk, Christian Brischke, and Eva Frühwald Hansson. "Evaluation of Moisture and Decay Models for a New Design Framework for Decay Prediction of Wood." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060721.

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Performance-based, service-life design of wood has been the focus of much research in recent decades. Previous works have been synthesized in various factorized design frameworks presented in the form of technical reports. Factorization does not consider the non-linear dependency between decay-influencing effects, such as between detail design and climate variables. The CLICKdesign project is a joint European effort targeting digital, performance-based specification for service-life design (SLD) of wood. This study evaluates the feasibility of using a semi-empirical moisture model (SMM) as a basis for a digital SLD framework. The performance of the SMM is assessed by comparison against a finite element model (FEM). In addition, two different wood decay models (a logistic, LM, and simplified logistic model (SLM)) are compared. While discrepancies between the SMM and FEM were detected particularly at high wood moisture content, the overall performance of the SMM was deemed sufficient for the application. The main source of uncertainty instead stems from the choice of wood decay model. Based on the results, a new method based on pre-calculated time series, empirical equations, and interpolation is proposed for predicting the service life of wood. The method is fast and simple yet able to deal with non-linear effects between weather variables and the design of details. As such, it can easily be implemented as part of a digital design guideline to provide decision support for architects and engineers, with less uncertainty than existing factorized guidelines.

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Misar, N. A. "GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE AGE OF THE ANTARCTIC FISH SPECIES (DISSOSTICHUS MAWSONI (FAM. NOTOTENIIDAE), MACROURUS CAML (FAM. MACROURIDAE))." Водные биоресурсы и среда обитания 2, no. 4 (2019): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47921/2619-1024_2019_2_4_68.

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Zhou, Yadong, Youchao Sun, and Tianlin Huang. "SPH-FEM Design of Laminated Plies under Bird-Strike Impact." Aerospace 6, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6100112.

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Composite laminates can potentially reduce the weight of aircrafts; however, they are subjected to bird strike hazards in civil aviation. To handle their nonlinear dynamic behaviour, in this study, the impact damage of composite laminates were numerically evaluated and designed by means of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the interaction between bird projectiles and the laminates. Attention was mainly focused on the different damage modes in various laminates’ plies induced by bird impact on a square laminated plate. A continuum damage mechanics approach was exploited to simulate damage initiation and evolution in composite laminates. Damage maps were computed with respect to different ply angles, i.e., 0°, 45° and −45°. The damage distributions were comparatively investigated, and then the ply design was considered for crashworthiness improvement. The results aim to serve as a design guideline for future prototype-scale bird strike studies of complex laminated structures.

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Guo, H., Dong Wang, and Li Zhou. "FEM Prediction of Chip Morphology during the Machining of Particulates Reinforced Al Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.220.

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Chip morphology and segmentation play a predominant role in determining the machinability and tool wear during the machining of SiC particulates reinforced Al matrix composites. In this paper, a 2D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model was used for simulating the segmented chip formation at different cutting conditions. The generation of segmentation is achieved by element erase and the shear failure, as well as the continuous adaptive remeshing technical. The results show that the chip is often discontinuous at lower cutting speeds, and with the increasing of the cutting speed, the chip becomes serrated. Fundamental observations from the simulations are concluded and a guideline for further research is proposed.

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Duncan, Pamela W., Ronnie D. Horner, Dean M. Reker, VA Medical Ctr, Kansas City, KS, Gregory P. Samsa, et al. "Adherence to Post-Acute Rehabilitation Guidelines Improves Functional Recovery in Stroke." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.333-c.

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97 Purpose & Methods: To assess if compliance with post-stroke rehabilitation guidelines improves functional recovery. The design of the study was an inception cohort of stroke patients followed prospectively for 6 months. The setting was eleven Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Centers providing care to stroke patients. The subjects included 288 selected patients with stroke admitted between January 1998 - March 1999. Data were abstracted from medical records and telephone interviews. Primary outcome was the Functional Independence Motor Score (FIM). Secondary outcomes included Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), SF-36 physical functioning, and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). Acute and post-acute rehabilitation composite compliance scores (range 0–100) were derived from an algorithm. All outcomes were adjusted for case mix. Results: Average compliance scores in acute and post acute care settings were 68.2% (+ 14) and 69.5% (+ 14.4), respectively. After case-mix adjustment, level of compliance with post-acute rehabilitation guidelines was significantly associated with FIM motor, IADL, and the SIS physical domain scores. SF-36 physical function scores and mortality were not affected by compliance with post-acute rehabilitation guidelines. Level of compliance with rehabilitation guidelines in acute settings was unrelated to any of the outcome measures. Conclusion: Process of care in post-acute stroke rehabilitation affects 6-month functional recovery. Our findings support the use of guidelines as means of assessing quality of care and improving outcomes. These quality indicators are needed to ensure that quality of care is not comprised with new organizational and funding changes involving post-acute stroke care.

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Amin, Omar, Douglas Cartwright, and Mohammed Azharuddin. "1 Hyperglycaemia in T1DM and pancreatitis related diabetes." Postgraduate Medical Journal 96, no. 1132 (January 22, 2020): 119.1–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-fpm.1.

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IntroductionWith the introduction of blood ketone testing, it is now possible to quantify the level of ketosis prior to the patient developing life threatening diabetic keto-acidosis (DKA). Administering correction doses of short acting insulin based on ketone level, similar to that for diabetic sick day rules, may avoid critical care admissions, use of variable rate insulin infusions and reduce hospital admissions.Testing is not without its challenges in particular cost, risk of inappropriate testing in type 2 diabetics (T2DM) and misdiagnosis alternative causes of ketosis. We describe here the experience of introducing ketone testing to A+E and acute wards at a district general hospital.MethodsBlood ketone testing was introduced to A+E, 2 medical wards and 2 surgical wards together with training for ward staff and a written guideline. Ketone testing was triggered if a type 1 diabetic (T1DM) or pancreatitis related diabetic had a BM >14 mmol/L. Based on the ketone level the guideline prompted either no action, correction dose of short acting insulin followed by repeat testing or arterial blood gas analysis. A retrospective analysis was performed after 8 months to investigate compliance with the protocol and effect of the protocol on the incidence of inpatient DKA. Patients were identified through search of the laboratory information management system followed by a review of electronically scanned medical records.Results910 ketone tests were carried out representing 116 patients. 395 tests had no patient identifier and were therefore untraceable. Over half of patients (51%) had type 2 diabetes. Of the patients with T1DM/pancreatitis related diabetes 9 patients presented with DKA on admission. Nearly three quarters (73%) resolved with additional subcutaneous insulin as per protocol and 23% were started on a Variable Rate Insulin Infusion. 1 patient developed DKA during an inpatient admission and the protocol had not been followed in this case. The main reasons for deviation from the protocol was lack of documentation and repeat BM testing.ConclusionsThe protocol itself is very effective when used correctly. It clearly helps to identify patients at risk of deteriorating, and clearly outlines what steps should be taken. While the guideline is intended for patients with T1DM and Pancreatic Related Diabetes, there were many occasions where the ketone testing was used inappropriately on patients with T2DM. In response to this the protocol was updated to include additional guidance on management of hyperglycaemia in T2DM. Documentation and lack of patient identification information was another key issue.

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Masi, Alessandro, Alessandro Danisi, Roberto Losito, Michele Martino, and Giovanni Spiezia. "Study of Magnetic Interference on an LVDT: FEM Modeling and Experimental Measurements." Journal of Sensors 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/529454.

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Static or slowly varying magnetic fields can affect the performances of linear variable differential transformer by inducing a position reading drift. The problem is barely addressed in LVDTs' datasheets, and no quantitative information on the induced error is given. An LVDT finite element model is here presented together with its experimental validation in order to propose a tool for the study of the effects of external magnetic fields on LVDTs and for the design of less sensitive devices. The LVDT model has been validated in standard working conditions and in presence of an external magnetic field by means of a complete set of experimental measurements performed on a custom prototype, manufactured following the FEM guidelines.

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Pelzer, Nadine, Anine H. Stam, Johannes A. Carpay, Boukje de Vries, Arn MJM van den Maagdenberg, Michel D. Ferrari, Joost Haan, and Gisela M. Terwindt. "Familial hemiplegic migraine treated by sodium valproate and lamotrigine." Cephalalgia 34, no. 9 (January 17, 2014): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102413520086.

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Background Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare monogenic subtype of migraine with aura that includes motor auras. Prophylactic treatment of FHM often has marginal effects and involves a trial-and-error strategy based on therapeutic guidelines for non-hemiplegic migraine and on case reports in FHM. Methods We assessed the response to prophylactic medication in an FHM family and sequenced the FHM2 ATP1A2 gene in all available relatives. Results A novel p.Met731Val ATP1A2 mutation was identified. Attack frequency was reduced significantly with sodium valproate monotherapy ( n = 1) and attacks ceased completely with a combination of sodium valproate and lamotrigine ( n = 2). Conclusions We report dramatic prophylactic effects of sodium valproate and lamotrigine in an FHM2 family, making these drugs worth considering in the treatment of other FHM patients.

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Xu, Fei, Chuan Ri Li, Tong Min Jiang, and Long Tao Liu. "Vibration Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Printed Circuit Board." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.345.

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Various failures in electronic systems, particularly in the connections between the printed circuit board (PCB) and components, are due to mechanical shock and vibration. The vibration characteristic of a plug-in PCB in an airborne electronic case (AEC) was studied first by finite element modeling (FEM) and experimental techniques. The coupling method and torsional spring elements were used in FEM to better simulate the PCB’s realistic boundary condition. A reasonable correlation between simulation and test results was obtained. Since the fundamental frequency is one of the most important dynamic characteristics of PCB, the orthogonal design and variance analysis, as well as FEM method, were discussed subsequently to investigate the effects of different factors. Analysis results demonstrate a good correlation with current studies. Finally, a general design guideline was presented to maximize the PCB’s fundamental frequency.

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Paes, Wander de Moraes. "Management Technology: guidelines for innovation." Latin American Journal of Development 3, no. 5 (September 3, 2021): 2879–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46814/lajdv3n5-010.

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Nowadays the concept and practice about technology management should be thought inside a complex environment in relation with the dynamics information came from other areas. A interdisciplinary concept involved with the dynamic relationship that should be oriented to harness collaboration and integration among the actors and knowledge into digital environment. This perspective reflects the technology management practices and concepts in the context related with other areas, therefore, this point of view is necessary to apply innovated process in order to develop product and service onto Internet environment. So, this article fills a knowledge gap lived currently in most organizations. Objective: Development a set of directives to be considers during managements practices within organizations and project for developing product and services onto digital environment. This article does not have a proposal to present a method for enabling a kind of innovation solution, but a set of policies and recommendations necessary to achieve the best result in order to develop a product and services via innovation mindset. Method: Review and analysis problems with adaptive comprehension involved with management practices and concept. We present these approaches with and interrelationship environment, which can improve the comprehension analyzing approaches from others areas and body of knowledge. This mindset is necessary to mitigate many of the problems and improve the innovation idea applied on developing product and services on internet environment. We present this concept of a “management oriented to innovation” as a pattern of thinking to be argue from managers, used to perform an innovation process and task at various levels and development product and services. A kind of prototype implementation called Innovation that is a process related with a some others areas outside technology . Results : On the basis of these analyses, we propose a policy and guidelines for supporting an innovation initiative is a result of interactions with others areas and concept not necessary inside of technology respects. We develop an mind set architecture for innovation system based on the metaphor of a “innovation” . Finally, we describe this architecture, with an interface with others concept , for planning and implementing products and services for WEB. A set of adaptive and interrelationship subjects to insight management practices necessary to improve and follow the tendency of technology applied to new market and business. Conclusion: This article offers multi-level reflections and references to enhance the performance manager skill at manageable practices to deal with developing process to create innovative environment, products and services for digital environment. Hoje em dia, o conceito e a prática sobre gestão tecnológica devem ser pensados dentro de um ambiente complexo em relação com a informação dinâmica proveniente de outras áreas. Um conceito interdisciplinar envolvido com a relação dinâmica que deve ser orientada para aproveitar a colaboração e a integração entre os actores e o conhecimento no ambiente digital. Esta perspectiva reflecte as práticas e conceitos de gestão tecnológica no contexto relacionado com outras áreas, portanto, este ponto de vista é necessário para aplicar processos inovadores a fim de desenvolver produtos e serviços no ambiente da Internet. Assim, este artigo preenche uma lacuna de conhecimento vivida actualmente na maioria das organizações. Objectivo: Desenvolver um conjunto de directivas a serem consideradas durante as práticas de gestão dentro das organizações e projectos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços para o ambiente digital. Este artigo não tem uma proposta para apresentar um método que permita uma espécie de solução inovadora, mas um conjunto de políticas e recomendações necessárias para alcançar o melhor resultado, a fim de desenvolver um produto e serviços através de uma mentalidade inovadora. Método: Revisão e análise de problemas de compreensão adaptativa envolvidos com práticas e conceitos de gestão. Apresentamos estas abordagens com e ambiente de inter-relação, que podem melhorar a compreensão analisando abordagens de outras áreas e corpo de conhecimento. Esta mentalidade é necessária para mitigar muitos dos problemas e melhorar a ideia de inovação aplicada no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços no ambiente da Internet. Apresentamos este conceito de "gestão orientada para a inovação" como um padrão de pensamento a ser defendido pelos gestores, utilizado para realizar um processo e tarefa de inovação a vários níveis e desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços. Uma espécie de implementação de protótipo chamada Inovação que é um processo relacionado com algumas outras áreas fora da tecnologia . Resultados : Com base nestas análises, propomos uma política e orientações para apoiar uma iniciativa de inovação é o resultado de interacções com outras áreas e conceitos não necessários dentro dos aspectos tecnológicos. Desenvolvemos uma arquitectura de conjunto de mentes para um sistema de inovação baseado na metáfora de uma "inovação" . Finalmente, descrevemos esta arquitectura, com uma interface com outros conceitos , para o planeamento e implementação de produtos e serviços para a WEB. Um conjunto de temas adaptativos e de inter-relação com as práticas de gestão de insight necessárias para melhorar e seguir a tendência da tecnologia aplicada a novos mercados e negócios. Conclusão: Este artigo oferece reflexões e referências a vários níveis para melhorar a capacidade do gestor de desempenho em práticas geríveis para lidar com o desenvolvimento de processos para criar um ambiente inovador, produtos e serviços para o ambiente digital.

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Shin, I. Yeol, and Kwang Myung Oh. "Proposal of finger splint design using design guidelines to reflect user requirements - Using FDM 3D printing technology." Design Convergence Study 76 (June 30, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31678/sdc.76.1.

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Luo, Lan, Limao Zhang, and Qinghua He. "Linking project complexity to project success: a hybrid SEM–FCM method." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 2591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-05-2019-0241.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a novel hybrid approach that incorporates the structural equation model (SEM) and fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) to investigate the impacts of the variation in project complexity on project success.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts SEM to identify and validate a correlation between project complexity variables and PS. Standardized causal coefficients estimated in SEM are used to construct an FCM model to illustrate the effect of complexity on PS with linkage direction and weights. Predictive and diagnostic analyses are performed to dynamically model the variation in project complexity on the evolution of PS.FindingsResults indicate that (1) the hybrid SEM–FCM approach is capable of modeling the dynamic interactions between project complexity and PS; (2) information, goal and environmental complexities are negatively correlated with PS, and technological, task and organizational complexities are positively correlated with PS and (3) the recommendations of complexity management for construction projects are put forward under the guideline of success monitoring.Originality/valueThis research contributes to (1) the state of knowledge by proposing a hybrid methodology that can model the dynamic interactions between project complexity and PS and (2) the state of practice by providing a new perspective of PS evaluation to enhance the probability of success in complex construction projects.

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Bhandarkar, S. M., A. Dasgupta, D. Barker, M. Pecht, and W. Engelmaier. "Influence of Selected Design Variables on Thermo-Mechanical Stress Distributions in Plated-Through-Hole Structures." Journal of Electronic Packaging 114, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905447.

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Failure of plated-through-holes (PTHs) due to thermomechanical stresses is a well established cause of failure of multilayer printed wiring boards (MLBs). This paper uses the finite element method (FEM) to examine the nature of the stress distribution within the PTH structure when the MLB is subjected to thermal loads. Guidelines are laid out for realistic modelling of material properties and boundary conditions in the FEM model. Parametric studies are conducted to study the qualitative effect of several geometric parameters on the critical stresses in the PTH. Both traditional glass-epoxy (FR-4) MLBs and highly anisotropic Kevlar-polyimide MLBs are examined. Differences in behavior observed between the two materials underline the pitfalls in extending the standard design thumbrules for standard FR-4 MLBs to other MLB materials. The purpose here is to provide guidelines for the reliable design of PTHs. Actual fatigue life predictions are deferred to a later paper.

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Shitomi, Takuya, Shingo Asakura, Shogo Kawashima, Akihiko Sato,, Hiroaki Miyasaka, Noriyuki Shirai, Yoshikazu Narikiyo, et al. "Fixed Reception Performance of FDM-based Transmission System for Advanced ISDB-T." SET INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BROADCAST ENGINEERING 2020, no. 6 (August 1, 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18580/setijbe.2020.1.

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With the aim of improving the quality and expanding the functions of digital terrestrial television broadcasting services, we have been developing an advanced transmission system that inherits key features of the current Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) system, which employs hierarchical transmission based on frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and a segment structure. The advanced ISDB-T system has a new signal frame structure that enables bandwidth to be flexibly allocated to multiple services for different reception scenarios, such as fixed reception and mobile reception, compared with ISDB-T. By introducing transmission technologies such as the latest forward error correction and modulation scheme, this specification has high spectral efficiency and transmission robustness, i.e., the transmission capacity increases by about 10 Mbps for the same required carrier to noise ratio (CNR) in comparison with the current ISDB-T system, or the required CNR can be reduced by about 7 dB for the same transmission capacity. We describe the channel coding scheme and evaluated the performance of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) in simulations. This paper provides a BICM selection guideline based on the simulation results for fixed reception scenarios toward the practical application of advanced ISDB-T.

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Honda, Katsuhiro, Issei Hayashi, Seiki Ubukata, and Akira Notsu. "Three-Mode Fuzzy Co-Clustering Based on Probabilistic Concept and Comparison with FCM-Type Algorithms." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 25, no. 4 (July 20, 2021): 478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2021.p0478.

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Three-mode fuzzy co-clustering is a promising technique for analyzing relational co-occurrence information among three mode elements. The conventional FCM-type algorithms achieved simultaneous fuzzy partition of three mode elements based on the fuzzy c-means (FCM) concept, and then, they often suffer from careful tuning of three independent fuzzification parameters. In this paper, a novel three-mode fuzzy co-clustering algorithm is proposed by modifying the conventional aggregation criterion of three elements based on a probabilistic concept. The fuzziness degree of three-mode partition can be easily tuned only with a single parameter under the guideline of the probabilistic standard. The characteristic features of the proposed method are compared with the conventional algorithms through numerical experiments using an artificial dataset and are demonstrated in application to a real world dataset of MovieLens movie evaluation data.

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Sharifi, Mohammad Hossein, Reza Soheili, Ali Shaghaghi Moghaddam, and Farhood Azarsina. "Engineering Critical Assessment for Offshore Pipeline with Semi Elliptical Surface Cracks in Girth Weld – Comparison of FEM and BS7910 Guideline." International Journal of Maritime Technology 10, Summer and Autumn 2018 (July 1, 2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/ijmt.10.37.

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Urso, Santi, Houman A. Hadad, Chiara Borsellino, Antonino Recupero, Qing Da Yang, and Antonio Nanni. "Numerical Modelling of FRCM Materials Using Augmented-FEM." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.23.

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The use of externally-bonded composite materials for strengthening and rehabilitation of existing structures is among the most popular reinforcement techniques. Technologies, such as Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) have been recently developed to address some of the issues of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP), such as sensitivity to elevated temperatures and UV, impermeability, restricted application in presence of moisture or uneven substrate. For a detailed strengthening design with FRCM composites, the mechanical properties of the materials are required. Analytical models in literature discuss the interaction between the FRCM matrix and fabric using a fracture mechanics approach. These analytical laws were simplified using a trilinear curve in which a constant branch correlated to the friction is added. In the United States, “Acceptance Criteria AC434” includes the test methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of the FRCM through a direct tensile test which uses clevis grips. The material characterization per AC434 is in harmony with ACI 549.4R design guidelines. This study deals with the analysis of FRCM materials using 2D Augmented-Finite Element Method (A-FEM) approach. Constitutive material behaviors were used to implement on A-FE model, which can predict the failure modes of the composite material. The damage of the mortar was described by a trilinear curve, and the number and position of the cracks were fixed preliminarily. The fabric was modelled as a continuum layer attached to the mortar with no-thickness cohesive elements. The cohesive law between fabric and mortar was taken from the literature. The tensile test on the FRCM coupon with one layer of fabric was numerically modeled and compared to the experimental stress-strain curves. Results show that the numerical curves matched the experimental ones and capture the three branches of the FRCM constitutive law as well as the failure mode. This modelling tool will allow researchers to predict the constitutive law of an FRCM mater

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Bida, Anya T., Diana Gil, and Adam G. Schrum. "Multiplex IP-FCM (immunoprecipitation-flow cytometry): Principles and guidelines for assessing physiologic protein–protein interactions in multiprotein complexes." Methods 56, no. 2 (February 2012): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.09.005.

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Giardini, Claudio, Elisabetta Ceretti, and Aldo Attanasio. "Further Experimental Investigations and FEM Model Development in Sheet Incremental Forming." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.501.

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Sheet Incremental Forming (SIF) is a modern technique that deforms the sheet on a positive or negative die using a simple punch mounted on a general purpose CNC machine. Several working parameters (tool path, spiral width and tool depth) have been studied in previous papers [1, 2] analyzing their influence on a simple part when working AISI 304 or Cu DHP sheets. The main problem was to study the process feasibility, that is, the possibility of correctly deforming the pieces without breaking them. The research reported here has been focused mainly on other two important variables, studying their influence on the final part quality: the punch diameter and its velocity when deforming the sheet. Surface roughness and minimum thickness of the deformed sheet have been chosen as parameters for analyzing and evaluating the process efficiency. In FEM analysis, a simulation model was developed and implemented considering Cu DHP sheet. The comparison with experimental results was used to validate the simulation model and to identify the most suitable simulation parameter values (friction coefficient between various elements and blank holder force). The developed and validated model can be used for studying the process optimization. The results obtained in this paper can also be used as guidelines for the correct design of Sheet Incremental Forming process.

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Yue, Feng, and Xue Jun Wen. "FEM Simulation of an Elliptical-Shaped Corrugated Steel Culvert Pipe for Highway Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1613.

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In this paper, we discuss the design and calculation methods of elliptical-shaped corrugated steel culvert pipe (ECSCP) used in highway construction. With many advantages such as lightweight, environment friendly, cost-effective, rapid construction, etc., corrugated steel culvert pipe (CSCP) have been widely used in highway construction acting as the alternative of RC culvert in China in recent years. The ECSCP in this paper is a kind of culvert which is fabricated to an elliptical shape with several pieces of corrugated steel plates which are jointed by high strength bolts. This study is conducted on the basis of the ECSCP used in the construction of Shanghai North Outer Ring Line Highway in China. 3D FEM analysis is performed considering several parameters such as modulus of elasticity of the surrounding backfill soil, length of major and minor axis of elliptical-shaped section, eccentricity of vehicles. Some design methods are proposed in this paper, and they will be useful guidelines for safe design of ECSCP.

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Li, Shu Xun, Jian Hua Hu, and Lian Cui Li. "Stress Analysis of Ultra-Supercritical and Electrical Three-Way Valve Body Intensity in a High Pressure Heater Using FEM." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.784.

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Temperature and thermo-mechanical coupling stress distributions of the electrical three-way valve body in a high pressure heater are investigated by using finite element method analysis. Maximum stress at the outer wall region of the valve body has exceed the allowable stress of the material is obtained. The weak place is improved by increasing the wall thickness and the stress meet the requirement of the allowable stress of the material after FEM analysis. And the thermo-mechanical coupling stress are classified and evaluated in the most dangerous section. The evaluation results show that the various types of stress all meet intensity requirements, which provide a guideline for the design and optimization of the high temperature and high pressure valve in the future.

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KONNAI, Takashi, Takashi HONDA, Hirokazu TSUJI, and Yasumasa SHOJI. "503 FEM Analysis on Bolt Tightening of Flange Joints with Misalignment : In the case of HPIS Flange Assembly Guidelines." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2007 (2007): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2007.122.

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Bergeron, Yves, Brian Harvey, Alain Leduc, and Sylvie Gauthier. "Forest management guidelines based on natural disturbance dynamics: Stand- and forest-level considerations." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75049-1.

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Although the concept of forest ecosystem management based on natural disturbance has generated a great deal of interest, few concrete examples exist of FEM principles being put into application. Silvicultural practices that emulate natural disturbances are proposed with examples from the principal vegetation zones of Quebec. With the exception of the large-scale use of careful logging to protect advanced regeneration in ecosystems generally controlled by fire, stand-level silvicultural practices currently used are reasonably similar to natural disturbances, although important differences exist. In contrast, at the forest-level, even-aged management, as is currently practised, rarely permits adequate reproduction of the variety of age classes, stand types, and structural components normally found in the boreal forest. A model that allows an even-aged management approach inspired by natural dynamics is proposed.

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Xing, Xi Dong, and Xue Dao Shu. "Finite Element Analysis of Stress and Strain in Two-Wedge Cross Wedge Rolling Step-Shaft Part." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.255.

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Two-wedge Cross Wedge Rolling (TCWR) is a metal processing technology in which a heated cylindrical billet is plastically deformed into an axial part by the action of two wedges dies moving tangentially relative to the work piece. The metal deformation process is more complicated in TCWR than in single-wedge CWR. In this paper, a new and innovative numerical model of TCWR was developed, using advanced explicit dynamic finite element method (FEM). The whole TCWR process was simulated successfully, the three-dimensional nonlinear deformation process including stress and strain variation among the whole stages was analyzed at length, and 4 different principal stresses, including the first, second, third and von Mises equivalent stresses, at different billet centers are presented serving as a TCWR design guideline. Experimental result proves that the finite element simulation in TCWR process is true and this fundamental investigation provides a multi-wedge guideline in selecting CWR tool parameters and tool manufacturing.

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Keleş, Özgür, Eric H. Anderson, and Jimmy Huynh. "Mechanical reliability of short carbon fiber reinforced ABS produced via vibration assisted fused deposition modeling." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 9 (November 12, 2018): 1572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2017-0247.

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Purpose Mechanical reliability (variations in mechanical properties) of fused deposition modeled (FDMed) short-fiber-reinforced composites are unknown, which limits wider and safer use of these composites. Accordingly, this paper aims to investigate the mechanical reliability of FDMed model material short-carbon-fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (SCFR-ABS). A new vibration-assisted FDM (VA-FDM) process was used to reduce porosity. Design/methodology/approach Tensile tests were performed on FDMed SCFR-ABS produced with and without vibrations. Weibull analysis was performed to quantify the variation in fracture strength, tensile strength, strain at break and strain at tensile strength. Findings Introduction of vibrations to the extrusion head during FDM decreased the inter-bead porosity in SCFR-ABS and thus improved elastic modulus, toughness, fracture strength, tensile strength and strain at break. Weibull modulus of fracture strength increased from 25 to 57 with vibrations. Practical implications The reported Weibull analysis offers a practical design guideline to predict failure rates at specific service stresses. Originality/value A detailed Weibull analysis of the variations in the mechanical properties of FDMed SCFR-ABS was performed for the first time. A new vibration-assisted FDM process was reported to reduce inter-bead porosity in FDMed composites.

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Elansary, Ahmed A., Ashraf A. El Damatty, and Ayman M. El Ansary. "Nonlinear behaviour of reinforced concrete conical tanks under hydrostatic pressure." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 2 (February 2016): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0198.

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Among the different shapes available, conical vessels are commonly used as water reservoirs because of their large storage capacities. Motivated by the lack of guidelines available for their analysis and design in the existing codes of practice, this study focuses on analyzing reinforced concrete conical tanks under the effect of hydrostatic pressure. A finite element model (FEM), which accounts for material nonlinearity experienced in reinforced concrete, is developed. This nonlinearity is considered by implementing a concrete plasticity constitutive model in the developed FEM. Analysis of a set of 12 tanks with different practical dimensions is performed under hydrostatic water pressure. The variations of meridional and hoop stresses through the thickness of the tanks are determined by plotting the stresses at the outer faces of the tank’s wall. The effect of including material nonlinearity in the FEM on the deformed shape is assessed. The developed FEM is used to find the location of maximum deflection and stresses. The variations in the maximum deflection and stresses with the dimensional parameters of the conical vessel are reported.

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Souza, Edson Rufino de, and Cláudia Mont’Alvão. "AVALIAÇÃO DA CONFORMIDADE COM O WEB CONTENT ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES (WCAG)." Ergodesign & HCI 6, Especial (June 30, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22570/ergodesignhci.v6iespecial.519.

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Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar etapas de uma pesquisa que estudou a relação entre uma técnica de avaliação de acessibilidade – a verificação de conformidade de sítios eletrônicos com o WCAG 2.0 – com as características do perfil do avaliador. Para este fim, preliminarmente foram feitos dois estudos exploratórios: primeiro com diferentes perfis de expertise de avaliadores e roteiro predeterminado e segundo com avaliador com alto nível de expertise e roteiro livre, sendo predefinida apenas a técnica a ser utilizada. Os estudos indicaram (1) a confirmação de uma alta relação de um perfil mais aderente aos conhecimentos sobre acessibilidade e tecnologias web com os resultados da avaliação e (2) a possibilidade de interpretações equivocadas da aplicação de uma técnica sem predefinição de todos os passos a serem seguidos. A partir disso, com roteiro predefinido a partir do documento WCAG-EM 1.0, foi feito um terceiro estudo, apenas com voluntários avaliadores com nível adequado de conhecimento e experiência relacionados à acessibilidade, recrutados por meio de questionário on-line. Dos 83 respondentes, houve 62 respostas válidas e 25 preencheram os critérios para serem considerados aptos à etapa de avaliação de acessibilidade. Dentre estes, nove voluntários realizaram avaliações individuais pela técnica estudada segundo roteiro predefinido, e os resultados foram comparados entre si. Houve muitas inconsistências de entendimento e na maneira de informar os problemas, destacando-se de forma significativa um dos avaliadores que teve melhor autoavaliação em relação aos demais. Os resultados confirmaram a importância do perfil do avaliador para a efetividade da técnica de verificação de conformidade.

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Alradie-Mohamed, Angi, Russell Kabir, and S. M. Yasir Arafat. "Decision-Making Process in Female Genital Mutilation: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 3362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103362.

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Female genital mutilation/cutting “FGM/C” is a deep-rooted damaging practice. Despite the growing efforts to end this practice, the current trends of its decline are not enough to overcome the population’s underlying growth. The aim of this research is to investigate the FGM/C household decision-making process and identify the main household decision-makers. A review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted by searching PubMed, JSTOR, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, EBSCO, and CINAHL Plus via systematic search using keywords. The found publications were screen using inclusion and exclusion criteria in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After critical appraisal, seventeen articles were included in this review. The data extracted from the articles regarding FGM/C household-decision making process and decision-makers were analyzed using narrative analysis. FGM/C decision-making process varies from a region to another; however, it generally involves more than one individual, and each one has different power over the decision. Fathers, mothers, and grandmothers are the main decision-makers. It was shown from this review that opening the dialogue regarding FGM/C between sexes may lead to a productive decision-making process. The participation of fathers in the decision-making may free the mothers from the social-pressure and responsibility of carrying on traditions and create a more favorable environment to stop FGM/C practice.

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Brodie, I. "Stormwater harvesting and WSUD frequent flow management: a compatibility analysis." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.214.

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Harvesting stormwater from urban catchments provides a supplementary water resource and, due to the physical abstraction of polluted water, also leads to environmental benefits. These benefits include the reduction of frequent ecosystem disturbance during small storms and less waterway erosion; hydrological impacts which are currently addressed by Water Sensitive Urban Design guidelines for stormwater frequent flow management (FFM). Although FFM and stormwater harvesting share the same store-release behaviour, they have a very different underlying basis to their design and operation. This paper explores the level of compatibility between these two systems and hence the potential for their integration. It was found by water balance analysis that the harvesting storage required to maximise most yields is similar to the recommended storage volume for FFM. This analysis was performed for a temperate-climate location in South East Queensland under historically low rainfalls. Environmental benefits associated with runoff quantity and pollutant load reductions are highest when the capture storage is rapidly emptied after storms.

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Journal articles on the topic 'FKM guideline'

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