Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flagellen'
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Lehnen, Daniela. "LrhA als Regulator der Flagellen, Motilität, Chemotaxis und Typ-1-Fimbrien in Escherichia coli." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://ArchiMeD.uni-mainz.de/pub/2002/0162/diss.pdf.
Full textRavaux, Benjamin. "Influence du battement du flagelle et de la composition lipidique du spermatozoïde sur l'étape de fusion des gamètes chez le mammifère." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066597/document.
Full textFertilization is the encounter of two gametes. Although this process is crucial for sexual organisms, the timeline of the molecular events is not yet established. The researchers cannot explain: how the spermatozoon fuses with the oocyte? One of the reasons is the lack of experimental methods available. Indeed, the gametes need a specific environment to fertilize. Nevertheless, the scientific community identified three essential proteins: Izumo1 on the spermatozoon, Juno (its receptor) and CD9 on the oocyte membrane. For our part, we tried to determine if the none-proteins environment of Izumo1 and CD9 could influence the gametic interaction. To do so, we were focused on the role of the lipids composition of the sperm membranes and on the influence of the forces developed by the flagellum beating on the oocyte. We designed two original experimental methods to offer a better understanding of the mechanisms inside the gamete contact area. With the first one, we tried to identify the minimal machinery to induce fusion. We started to reconstitute step by step the membrane of the spermatozoon head. We tested first the identified lipids alone, and then we coupled these molecules with Izumo1. With the second one, we developed a microfluidic tool to observe the gametic encounter with the “best” viewpoint in the most physiological in-vitro conditions. We observed that the flagellum beating is not only involved in the crossing of the female genital tract but also in the initiation of the fusion step. Indeed, the mechanical constraints induce membrane reorganization with CD9 recruitment. So we succeed to establish the kinetic of the events with an unequaled resolution
Pfiffer, Vanessa. "Molekularbiologische Analyse der Diguanylatzyklase DgcE sowie weiterer biofilmrelevanter Proteine und Signale in Escherichia coli." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20107.
Full textBiofilm formation of E. coli K12 requires the expression of the biofilm master regulator CsgD. This process depends on the signaling molecule c-di-GMP, which is synthesized by 12 diguanylate cyclases (DGCs with GGDEF domains) and degraded by 13 phosphodiesterases (PDEs with EAL domains). DgcE is the most complex DGC with a MASE1-containing transmembrane region (TM), three PAS, a GGDEF and a degenerate EAL domain, and it is essential for biofilm formation. This work shows that the regulation of the DgcE activity is highly complex. It was possible to assign activating and inhibitory roles to single domains of DgcE with regard to the expression of biofilm matrix components. C-di-GMP produced by DgcE is necessary for biofilm matrix production. The dimerization of DgcE is mainly mediated by the PAS region, whereas the EAL domain counteracts an active form of DgcE. DgcE-mediated matrix synthesis requires the activating signal input of the GTPase YjdA and its partner protein YjcZ. DgcE, YjdA and YjcZ form a protein complex in which YjdA directly interacts with YjcZ and the TM of DgcE. The interaction between DgcE and YjdA as well as the matrix expression depend on the GTPase activity of YjdA. Thus, it is proposed that GTP serves as an intracellular signal regulating the activation of DgcE by YjdA/YjcZ. The MASE1-containing TM proved to be a central hub for signal integration. It is both required for DgcE activity and for a massive degradation of DgcE. Furthermore, newly discovered curli-regulating genes (rbsK, rbsR, ydcI, yieP, puuR) have been analyzed. None of those gene products act on CsgD expression via the PdeR/DgcM/MlrA module. Flagellar entangling within the bottom layer of E. coli macrocolonies determines morphogenesis of macrocolonies. The data presented here suggest that the master PDE PdeH is somehow down-regulated by flagellar entangling, which probably results in a higher cellular c-di-GMP concentration, thereby promoting biofilm formation.
Florimond, Celia. "Etude et caractérisation de nouvelles protéines du cytosquelette du pathogène Trypanosoma Brucei." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21971/document.
Full textThe Human African Trypanosomiasis is a Sub-Saharan Neglected Tropical Disease, caused by Trypanosoma brucei, a mono-flagellate protozoan transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina spp.). The T. brucei flagellum originates from a cytoplasmic basal body then grows, to emerge from the cell, by traversing an unusual and essential structure called the Flagellar Pocket (FP). This pocket is an invagination of the pellicular membrane at the base of the flagellum. The FP is essential for the survival of the parasite, because it is the unique site for endo- and exocytosis. The Flagellar Pocket Collar (FPC) is a cytoskeletal component of the FP, and is located at the neck of the FP where it maintains a ring/horseshoe structure at the exit site of the flagellum. The FPC contains numerous uncharacterised proteins, including the first protein identified as FPC component - BILBO1. BILBO1 is essential and required for FPC and FP biogenesis. A proteomic analysis and a private two-hybrid genomic screen experiment on T. brucei have revealed a number of potential BILBO1 partners. We found several proteins localize to the FPC like BILBO1 in a ring-like structure. We characterise these new FPC proteins and their function in the parasite. We have characterised the effects of the GFP fusion protein over-expression and RNAi on cell growth and morphology in T. brucei
Klindt, Gary. "Hydrodynamics of flagellar swimming and synchronization." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-231897.
Full textChalmeau, Jérôme. "Contribution from nanotechnologies to the study and assembly of the flagellar nano-motor of bacteria." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000343/.
Full textThe bacteria flagellar nanomotor is a nature marvel due to its structure and importance for bacteria. It allows the rotation at high frequency ( 300 Hz) of a long external filament. This filament plays a role comparable to a submarine helix and propels its host in the liquid environment. Despite its size, 45 nm at the largest diameter, this nano-bio-machine is composed of thousands of proteins. These proteins work together in order to generate the flagellar rotation and allow bacteria to swim freely in a liquid environment. Despite its importance for bacteria’s life, its precise mechanism remains unclear today. This motor was discovered more than 3o years ago and a large number of experimental data and hypotheses about its structure and mechanism have been accumulated. The overall assembly, the crystal structure of some constitutive proteins, and the role played by each component permit to draw a possible architecture of the motor. Others experiments has also highlighted some crucial aspects of this machine, through mechanical measurement of the torque developed by the motor, in order to define the torque/speed relationship. However, the nanoscale description of the motor remains limited and many interpretations are still questionable. In this work, I have developed two ambitious parallel and complementary ways to elucidate some open questions: the in vitro re-assembly in a control maner of an essential part of the motor, and a large scale study of the interactions between identified motor’s proteins crucial for the motor rotation. These approaches have been supported by the use of new tools, which had never been used before for studying this nano-motor: the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), for visualizing in a close native environment part of the motor reassembled, and the Quartz Micro Balance for the interactions study. New experimental datas have been obtained and permitted to propose a new hypothesis of the mechanism of the Bacteria Flagellar Nano-Motor
Woudstra, Cedric. "Clostridium botulinum, du génotypage de la toxine en passant par les flagellines jusqu'au séquençage de génomes : un aperçu de la diversité génétique des Clostridies associés au botulisme animal et humain." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1020/document.
Full textClostridium botulinum is the etiologic agent of botulism, a deadly paralytic disease that can affects both human and animals. Different bacteria, producing neurotoxins type A to H, are responsible for the disease. They are separated into different groups (I to VI) on the basis of their phenotypical and biological characteristics. Human botulism is mainly due to Groups I and II producing neurotoxins A, B, E and F, with type H recently discovered. Also C. butyricum and C. baratii species (Groups V and VI), producing toxins type F and E respectively, are scarcely reported. C. argentinense Group IV, producing toxin type G, which has been suspected to be associated with infant botulism in Argentina. Animal botulism is mainly due to Group III, which is constituted by C. novyi sensu lato species. They produce toxin types C, D and their mosaic variants. Botulinum neurotoxins are the most powerful toxin known to date with as little as 70 µg enough to kill a person by food poisoning. Therefore, it received a great deal of attention. Botulinum neurotoxins have been deeply studied, especially human related toxins compared to animal. The toxins found to be useful for medical or cosmetic (Botox) treatments, but it was also used as a biological warfare agent, and for bioterrorism. Its extreme potency is equal to its dangerousness. Therefore, governments show concerns of its potential misuse as a bioterrorism weapon; research programs are funded to study and raise awareness about both the toxins and the producing organisms. My PhD work was structured by the different projects I was involved in, which were related to C. botulinum detection and typing, like BIOTRACER and AniBioThreat European projects, the French national CBRN program, or the NRL for avian botulism. The main transversal objective I followed lead me to develop new methods to trace back the origin of C. botulinum contamination, in case of a deliberate, accidental or naturally occurring botulism outbreak. I investigated flagellin genes as potential genetic targets for typing C. botulinum Group I-II and III, responsible for human and animal botulism respectively. Flagellin genes flaA and flaB showed the investigated C. botulinum Group I and II strains to cluster into 5 major groups and up to 15 subgroups, some being specific for certain geographical areas, and flaB being specific to C. botulinum type E. Flagellin fliC gene investigated in C. botulinum Group III showed to cluster into five groups, with fliC-I and fliC-IV associated to type C/D and D/C respectively, being not discriminative enough to differentiate highly genetically related strains. I also studied the prevalence of mosaic toxin genes in C. botulinum Group III in animal botulism, mainly in poultry and bovine. The results brought out the mosaic toxin types C/D and D/C to be predominant in the samples investigated throughout Europe. Finally, I explored the full genome sequences of 14 types C/D and 3 types D/C C. botulinum Group III strains, mainly originating from French avian and bovine botulism outbreaks. Analyses of their genome sequences showed them to be closely related to other European strains from Group III. While studying their genetic content, I was able to point out that the extrachromosomal elements of strains type C/D could be used to generate a genetic ID card. Investigation of Crispr typing method showed to be irrelevant for type C/D, due to a deficient Crispr-Cas mechanism, but deserve more investigation for type D/C. The highest level of discrimination was achieved while using SNP core phylogeny, which allowed distinguishing up to the strain level. Here are the results I’m going to develop in this manuscript
Andersen-Nissen, Erica. "Toll-like receptor 5 recognition fo bacterial flagellin /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8341.
Full textRalston, Katherine Sampson. "Parasites in motion novel roles for the flagellum and flagellar motility /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835602901&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textFort, Cécile. "Les voies du transport intraflagellaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066404/document.
Full textCilia and flagella are essential organelles in most eukaryotes including humans. They are built by an active mechanism termed Intraflagellar Transport or IFT. During this thesis, we have investigated the role and functioning of IFT in the protist Trypanosoma brucei. Using a combination of video-microscopy and electron microscopy, we have revealed that IFT is absent or arrested upon RNAi knockdown of genes required for anterograde and retrograde transport, respectively. In these conditions, we have demonstrated that IFT is not required for maintenance of flagellum length but that IFT controls the distribution of several non-structural proteins, to the contrary of the established dogma. IFT trains transport tubulin, the main component of the axoneme. In collaboration with the team of Esben Lorentzen (MPI Munich), we have revealed the existence of a tubulin-binding domain on proteins IFT74/IFT81. Using FIB-SEM, we have demonstrated that IFT trains are present almost exclusively on only two (4 and 7) out of 9 microtubule doublets. The use of super-resolution imaging methods (work performed at the Janelia Research Institute, USA) allowed us to show for the first time in live cells the existence of two specific bidirectional paths for IFT trafficking. This restriction is explained by differential polyglutamylation on these two doublets. The inhibition of the enzymes responsible for polyglutamylation restricts the access of IFT proteins to flagella, resulting in severe impairment of flagellum elongation. This work demonstrates an essential role for polyglutamylation that could act as a “tubulin code” that would be decrypted by the motors of intraflagellar transport
Bubendorfer, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Kai M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Thormann. "Flagellen-vermittelte Motilität in Shewanella : Mechanismen zur effektiven Fortbewegung in S. putrefaciens CN-32 und S. oneidensis MR-1 / Sebastian Bubendorfer. Betreuer: Kai M. Thormann." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103550250X/34.
Full textJanot, Laure. "Rôle des récepteurs Toll-like et de CD14 dans la réponse à Listeria monocytogenes et à la flagelline extraite de Salmonella typhimurium." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2014/document.
Full textToll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize a wide range of microbial pathogens and their products modulate the innate immune response that may lead to inflammation. In order to better understand the host-pathogen relationship, we have studied the implication of the co-receptor CD14 in the innate immune response to Listeria monocytogenes and to the bacterial flagellin from Salmonella typhimurium. Our results clearly show that TLR2 requires CD14 to control Listeria infection whereas TLR5 does not. Moreover, TLR activation leads to pro-inflammatory cytokines production such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF). This pleiotropic protein is required for normal development and function of the immune system. TNF can be secreted (sTNF) or associated to the membrane (Mem-TNF). Our results suggest that Mem-TNF can activate the synthesis of cytokines and chemicals mediators of inflammation and partially protect mice from a moderate infection. These experiments open new avenues for the treatment of inflammatory disease like rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn disease
Malavaud, Sandra. "Escherichia coli et canneberge : évaluation de l'activité in vitro et chez l'animal." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30027/document.
Full textV.macrocarpon (cranberry) is traditionally associated with the prevention of urinary tract infections although the mechanisms of action remaining poorly elucidated. Preincubation of E.coli UTI89 strain with commercial extracts of V.macrocarpon inhibited adhesion to T24 human urothelial cell line in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Transcriptomic assay (E.coli Gene expression microarray, Agilent Technologies) highlighted a strong impact on most genes related to adhesion, but P fimbriae, chemotactism and flagella. Electron microscopy study confirmed V.macrocarpon-induced alterations on UTI89 size and surface structures (fimbriae, flagella). In keeping, broad field microscopy (ImarisTrack) evidenced alterations in E.coli motility (track displacement length, duration, speed & straightness). In C57BL/6 mice, pre-incubation of UTI89 with V.macrocarpon extracts failed to impact bladder colonization after intravesical instillations and adhesion to T24 cells of bacteria recovered 3days after instillation. A simple, in vitro model based on adhesion and swarming assays and broad field microscopy is described to evaluate cranberry activity
Tasteyre, Albert. "Les protéines flagellaires flic et flid de clostridium difficile : caractérisation moléculaire et rôle dans la colonisation intestinale." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA114829.
Full textClostridium difficile is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for pseudo-membranous colitis and diarrhea associated with anti-biotherapy. The major factors of virulence are the toxins A and B. However, other factors as flagella are implied in the pathogenesis of many bacterial species. The aim of this study was to determine the role of flagella of C. Difficile in intestinal colonization. The studies of in vitro adhesion showed that flagellar proteins adhere to Vero cells but not to the intestinal mucus of mice. Experiments with flagellated and not flagellated strains, realized in axénic mice, showed that colonization of gut with flagellated strains is 10 fold higher to those observed with not flagellated strains belonging to the same serogroup. Thus, bacterial flagellum could support the penetration of intestinal mucus and adhere to intestinal cells to specific receptors
Vieillard, Jennifer. "Étude des protéines de la zone de transition des cils chez Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1103.
Full textCilia and flagella are cellular organelles that protrude at the cell surface. They are composed of a microtubular cytoskeleton and they are highly conserved across eukaryotic species from plantae to Human. In mammals, they play essential functions during development and regulate numerous physiological processes in adults. At the ciliary base a complex structure called transition zone (TZ) is necessary for cilia assembly and regulation of ciliary components trafficking inside the cilia. Three protein complexes have been identified at the TZ : MKS-JBTS, NPHP1-4-8 and NPHP5-CEP290. Other TZ proteins such as CBY and AZI1 have been studied but their interaction with these 3 modules is not yet elucidated. In Human, mutations of genes encoding TZ proteins are associated with several genetic diseases called ciliopathies. Two different modes of cilia assembly have been identified: compartimentalized and cytosolic ciliogenesis. While TZ function in compartimentalized ciliogenesis is well studied, its role in cytosolic ciliogenesis remains poorly understood. In Drosophila, there are only two types of ciliated cells, sensory neurons and sperm flagella, representative of these two ciliogenesis pathways. During my PhD, I used Drosophila to study the function of TZ proteins during cilia assembly in these two ciliated cell types. My data show that proteins of the MKS complex do not play an essential role in TZ assembly in the cilia of sensory neurons and in spermatozoon flagella. I also demonstrated that CBY and AZI1 cooperate to assemble the TZ components and that the TZ is necessary to dock the basal bodies to the plasma membrane, one of the first important step in cilia assembly. Finally, I showed that KLP59D, a microtubule-depolymerising kinesin, is required to control axoneme elongation during the cytosolic ciliogenesis. In conclusion, this work brings new insights into the understanding of the dynamic assembly of TZ proteins and the mechanisms that regulate flagella elongation
Fard, Mohammad Reza Saghari. "Characterisation and host-parasite interaction of the piscine diplomonad Spironucleus salmonis." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15855.
Full textParasitic diseases pose a significant threat to aquaculture. Diplomonad flagellates in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are associated with morbidity and mortality; but in Germany has not been thoroughly studied. I characterised the species by SEM & TEM, which revealed Spironucleus salmonis, allowed its complete description including newly showing the caudal projection, discharging vacuoles, and deformable nuclear lobes; diagnostic keys were improved. The microhabitat preference of diplomonads was tested by recording occurrence and density of infection, and pH profile in 4 intestinal regions in fish. Occurrence and density of S. salmonis were significant higher in the pyloric region than elsewhere. The pH profile in uninfected and infected fish was similar; a causal relationship between microhabitat preference and pH was unlikely, and the optimal pH was between 7.1 – 7.5. I described life cycle and encystment using light and SEM. Encystment in culture began by trophozoites attaching at tip of adhesive posterior flagella to each other/debris. Pyriform trophozoites became sub-spherical, anterior flagella inactive, surface blebs produced a refractile cyst wall. Cysts clusters may exceed minimum infective dose for new infection; suggesting new treatment target. This is the first report of multi-functionality of flagella in diplomonads. I investigated pathogenic mechanism of diplomonads by sectioning and staining the pyloric region of the intestine and liver with H&E, and PAS/AB. There was significant hypertrophy of goblet cells in infected fish. The hyperactivity of goblet cells was seen, but no hyperplasia. This hyper-production of mucus may decrease nutrient absorption, underlying impaired growth in S. salmonis infected fish. I developed an in vitro plasma incubation test to predict host susceptibility of rainbow trout, carp, and sturgeon. The test showed the hierarchy of resistance of S. salmonis in sturgeon > carp > rainbow trout; this parallels epizootiological data. My research yielded new diagnostic tool, suggested new treatment target, improved in vitro conditions, and new model system for multi-functionality of flagella and flagellar signalling.
Wahl, Stuart Allan. "The role of flagellar genes and posttranslational modification of flagellin in the adherence mechanism of pseudomonas aeruginosa /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487940665433965.
Full textErhardt, Marc [Verfasser]. "Assembly of the Bacterial Flagellum : How Salmonella Exports Flagellar Proteins and Controls Hook Length / Marc Erhardt." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1033508144/34.
Full textIsch, Charlotte. "Décryptage de la relation structure-fonction entre BILBO1 et ses partenaires et leurs rôles dans la biogénèse du collier de la poche flagellaire chez le pathogène Trypanosoma brucei." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0286.
Full textThe Kinetoplastid parasites, including Trypanosomes and Leishmania spp, are responsible for many diseases worldwide. Trypanosoma brucei a parasite transmitted by the Tse-Tse fly (Glossina spp.) is responsible for the Human African Trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa (sleeping sickness). It is also responsible for the Nagana that affects animals and leads to an important economic loss. Despite the progress of research, there is still no vaccine available. This parasite is able to change its surface antigen coat leading the escape to the host immune response. This mechanism is possible because of an organelle called the flagellar pocket (FP), which is the only site of endo-exocytosis in the cell. In 2008, Derrick Robinson's team identified an essential protein BILBO1 present at the flagellar pocket collar (FPC) an essential structure of the FP. A yeast two-hybrid screen on T. brucei revealed several BILBO1 partners including FPC3. Using functional and molecular analysis, I characterised the interaction between BILBO1 and FPC3 and highlighted FPC3 as a multi-partners protein whose N-terminal domain (NTD) is similar to that of BILBO1. In addition, the identification of a family of proteins that share an N-terminal domain similar to that of BILBO1 suggests that this domain is a new functional domain possibly involved in the biogenesis of the FPC and of the Hook Complex.The FPC characterisation in Leishmania mexicana has been addressed using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to increase our knowledge of this structure in Leishmania spp
Hilfinger, Andreas. "Dynamics of Cilia and Flagella." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1139826522460-88534.
Full textHilfinger, Andreas. "Dynamics of Cilia and Flagella." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24641.
Full textAntunes, Adeline. "Le transport intraflagellaire : construction et déplacement des trains dans le flagelle du trypanosome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS080.
Full textCilia and flagella are essential organelles composed of 9 doublet microtubules. They contain at least 500 proteins and their construction is mainly done by adding new subunits at the distal end. They are transported byIntraflagellar transport (IFT), the movement of trains composedof two protein complexes between the flagellar membrane and the microtubule doublets by driven by molecular kinesin and dynein motors. My thesis project is based on the role and functioning of IFT using the protistTrypanosoma brucei as a model organism. The goal of my thesis project was (i) to determine how IFT trains are assembled by establishing the link between their molecular composition and their structure and (ii) to establish the route taken by IFT trains within the flagella. By combining light microscopy and electron microscopy approaches after RNAi targeting of genes coding for IFT train components, we have demonstrated their contribution to the construction of IFT trains. We propose a new model to explain train formation and their entry in the flagellum. By three-dimensional electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), we have also shown where IFT trains are located. Trains are specifically found on 4 microtubule doublets out of the 9 available. These results have been obtained bothin vitro and ex vivousing parasites developing in the tsetse fly.Comparison of the results with the literature highlights the flexibility of transport depending on the anatomy of cilia and flagella
Brown, Mostyn T. "Control of the unidirectional motor in Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1e9aa2bb-0e16-45df-9164-fd859a724157.
Full textKobeissy, Hussein. "Inflammation associée aux infections à Clostridium difficile : rôle des flagelles et régulation par les microARN." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS539.
Full textClostridium difficile (CD) is the leading cause of nosocomial digestive infections in developed countries. CD infections (CDI) induce significant intestinal inflammation that is manifested primarily by pseudomembranous colitis and a high mortality rate. The major virulence factors are TcdA and TcdB toxins. In the first part of the work of this thesis, we validated the in vivo role of another bacterial factor, the flagella, in a mouse model of CDI, showing that the flagella induce an inflammatory response in ceacal mucosa in synergy with toxins. We then showed a regulation of this response by a microRNA (miRNA) exerting an anti-inflammatory role by modulating the activation of the NF-KB signaling pathway. The treatment of mice infected with this miRNA reduces intestinal inflammation providing proof of concept for a new therapeutic approach
Brasseur, Anaïs. "Etude de composantes de la voie TOR: caractérisation de TbFKBP12, une protéine de la famille des PPIases (isomérases) impliquée dans l'homéostasie du flagelle chez Trypanosoma brucei." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210240.
Full textLes trypanosomes sont extracellulaires, ils possèdent un flagelle qui leur permet de se mouvoir dans les différents milieux qu’ils infestent. La structure de celui-ci contient des éléments conservés au cours de l’évolution. Il constitue donc un excellent modèle de base pour en étudier l’architecture. D’autre part, le flagelle du parasite contient des structures propres à certains kinétoplastides, offrant ainsi une cible thérapeutique aux traitements anti-trypanosomiaux.
Le flagelle est véritablement un organite plurifonctionnel nécessaire à la survie du parasite au sein des divers environnements qu’il rencontre lors de son cycle de développement. Outre son rôle moteur, il permet à la cellule d’échapper au système immunitaire de son hôte mammifère et de s’attacher à l’épithélium des glandes salivaires de l’insecte. Il est également requis pour le bon positionnement des organites, la morphogenèse et la division cellulaire. Enfin, il serait impliqué dans l’activité sensorielle du trypanosome. A ce jour, on ne connait quasiment rien des potentielles voies de « sensing ». Elles doivent pourtant exister, permettant l’appréhension de l’environnement, l’interaction avec les hôtes et la réception de signaux induisant la différenciation.
Cet intérêt pour les voies de signalisation du parasite a abouti à l’étude des composantes de la voie TOR. TOR-Target of Rapamycin est un contrôleur central de la croissance cellulaire qu’il régule en fonction de différents stimuli externes. Il a été démontré depuis que chez T.brucei aussi, TOR régulerait la croissance temporelle et spatiale de la cellule.
La kinase TOR est inhibée par sa liaison avec le complexe rapamycine-FKBP12. Nous avons identifié cette peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomérase chez le parasite :TbFKBP12. Elle y serait localisée au niveau du cytosquelette/flagelle. Contrairement à ce qui est observé chez la levure S.cerevisiae, l’isomérase est essentielle chez le trypanosome. Son invalidation par RNAi bloque la cytocinèse des parasites sanguicoles et provoque l’apparition d’axes de clivage internes à la cellule. Chez les formes procycliques par contre, la disparition de la protéine entraîne un défaut sévère de motilité du flagelle qui se traduit par une immobilisation partielle du parasite.
TbFKBP12 est donc impliquée dans l’homéostasie du flagelle chez le trypanosome africain, organite nécessaire à la motilité et à la division cellulaire.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Jerber, Julie. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de deux nouveaux gènes ciliaires pendant le développement des vertébrés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995319.
Full textCoutton, Charles. "Caractérisation génétique de moléculaire et l'infertilité masculine : applications à plusieurs formes sévères de tératozoospermie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS023.
Full textMale infertility affects more than 20 million men worldwide and represents a major health concern. Although multifactorial, male infertility has a strong genetic basis which has so far not been extensively studied. The objectives of my thesis were to initiate and conduct some genetic investigations on three specific phenotypes of teratozoospermia: macrozoospermia, globozoospermia and multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF).For the first phenotype, we studied 87 patients with macrozoospermia, including 83 index cases, and identified c.144delC, a pathogenic mutation in the AURKC gene in 82% of patients (68/83) confirming that this variant is the main cause of macrozoospermia. A new recurrent mutation, p.Y248*, leading to degradation of the mutant transcripts by non-sense mediated mRNA decay was identified in 10 unrelated patients. Patients with no identified AURKC mutation have a decreased rate of spermatozoa with a large head and multiple flagella. Identification of two ancestral mutations in AURKC maintained during evolution despite their negative effect on reproduction in homozygous men, raises the question of a potential selective advantage provided by the AURKC haploinsufficiency.For the second phenotype, we first analyzed 34 patients presenting with globozoospermia using MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) and Sanger sequencing. In total, 22 of the 30 unrelated patients where homozygous for the DPY19L2 deletion (73.3%) and 3 novel point mutations were identified. These results suggest that the molecular investigation of the DPY19L2 gene in globozoospermic patients should not be limited to the detection of the DPY19L2 genomic deletion and open interesting perspectives for the identification of DPY19L2 partners during acrosome biogenesis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the genomic deletion was mediated by Non-Allelic Homologous Recombination (NAHR) between two homologous 28-Kb Low Copy Repeats (LCRs) located on each side of the gene. The vast majority of genomic breakpoints fell within a 1.2-Kb region central to the 28-Kb LCR. A 13-mer consensus sequence is located in the centre of that 1.2-Kb region recognized by PRDM9, a multi-unit zinc finger binding protein that promotes the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiating the homologous recombination process. The accepted theoretical NAHR model predicts that during meiosis, NAHR produces more deleted than duplicated alleles. Surprisingly, array-CGH data show that, in the general population, DPY19L2 duplicated alleles are approximately three times as frequent as deleted alleles. In order to shed light on this paradox, we developed a sperm-based digital PCR to measure the de novo rates of deletions and duplications at this locus. As predicted by the NAHR model, we identified an excess of de novo deletions over duplications. These discording results may be explained by the purifying selection against sterile, homozygous deleted men. Heterozygous deleted men might also suffer a small fitness penalty.Lastly, for the third phenotype, homozygosity mapping was carried out on a cohort of 20 North African individuals, presenting with primary infertility resulting from impaired sperm motility caused by a mosaic of multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Five unrelated subjects out of 18 (28%) carried a homozygous variant in DNAH1, which encodes an inner dynein heavy chain and is expressed in testis. RT-PCR and immunostaining studies confirmed the pathogenic effect of one of these mutations located on a donor splice site. Electronic microscopy revealed a general axonemal disorganization including mislocalization of the microtubule doublets and loss of the inner dynein arms suggesting that DNAH1 plays a critical role in sperm flagellum biogenesis and assembly
Gallique, Mathias. "Implication du système de sécrétion de type VI de la souche Pseudomonas fluorescens MFE01 dans l'activité antibactérienne, la formation de biofilm et l'inhibition de mobilité." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR087/document.
Full textType VI secretion system (T6SS) is a multiproteic apparatus that secreted proteinaceous effectors. T6SS participate in a variety of functions, whose eukaryote virulence, antibacterial activity or metal ion uptake. These capacities conferring an advantage in adaptation and competition, crucial to colonization or persistence within ecological niche. As well, only a few studies have focused on the T6SS functions of environmental strains, contrary to numerous studies dealing with pathogens as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia thailandensis, Vibrio cholerae or Escherichia coli. The purpose of my research project was to characterize the T6SS function(s) of the environmental strain Pseudomonas fluorescens MFE01. This work had led to understand the various functions of T6SS of MFE01 strain. This strain has a single T6SS cluster where all the core component proteins were gathered, except hcp genes. Three orphan hcp genes where found and are scattered in genome. Hcp proteins form the inner tube allowing effectors secretion. Both Hcp2 and Hcp3 proteins were involved in antibacterial activity on pathogens or environmental strains like P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens or Pectobacterium atrosepticum. Characterization of Hcp1 proteins role constituted a major focus of this project. Hcp1 proteins participate to motility inhibition of competitive strains through T6SS. Hcp1 may be associated with secretion of at least two toxins perturbing the flagellar filament assembly. In MFE01Δhcp1 and MFE01ΔtssC mutants (Tss is a contractile sheath constituent), these toxins may be accumulated into cytoplasm and perturb assembly of their own flagella. Interestingly, overproduction of FliA flagellar regulator, which controls assembly of flagellar filament, restores motility of both mutants. Simultaneously, T6SS of MFE01 strain contributes to maturation and biofilm formation but also in bacterial competition within mixed biofilm. T6SS may be a mean of bacterial communication and thus coordinate a social behavior, primordial for biofilm formation
Kherraf, Zine-Eddine. "Exploration génétique et moléculaire de défauts post-méiotiques sévères de la spermatogenèse entrainant une infertilité masculine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS010/document.
Full textInfertility is currently considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major health concern affecting more than 50 million couples worldwide. In western countries, the majority of infertile couples seek assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to achieve a pregnancy. Despite the success of these techniques, almost half of these couples fail to obtain a child. Part of these failures are explained by the alteration of gametogenesis. In humans, spermatogenesis involves hundreds of genes specifically expressed in the testis. The abundance of these genes suggests that spermatogenic defects are associated with a strong genetic component. Recently, technical advances have led to the identification of numerous causative genes, but the vast majority of male infertility cases remain idiopathic. The aim of the present thesis is to identify new genetic causes responsible for male infertility and to elucidate the physiopathological mechanisms associated with these anomalies.During my thesis, I participated with the team GETI (genetics, epigenetics and therapies of infertility) in the genetic exploration of two phenotypes of male infertility related to post-meiotic defects of spermatogenesis: a rare form of non-obstructive azoospermia and the phenotype of multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). I have also played a key role in creation and analysis of transgenic mice to better characterize the pathogeny of the identified genetic causes in Human.Genetic analyses performed on two infertile brothers born form consanguineous parents and presenting an-idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia associated with a post-meiotic arrest of spermatogenesis allowed us to identify a homozygous variant in the SPINK2 gene that encodes a serine-protease inhibitor. Phenotypic analysis of Spink2-/- adult male mice showed that they are infertile and perfectly mimic the sperm and testicular phenotypes observed in our patients. We showed that Spink2 protein is expressed from the round spermatid stage and localized in the acrosome, a lysosomal-like vesicle rich in proteases that play a key role during fertilization. When Spink2 is absent, the deregulated proteolytic activity of the targeted proteases such as acrosin leads to the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and arrest of spermiogenesis at the round spermatid stage. We also showed that sperm from heterozygous human and mice present a high level of morphological abnormalities and a decrease of progressive motility leading to a variable subfertility. These results showed for the first time that oligo-teratozoospermia and azoospermia could present a pathological continuum due to the same pathogeny.We also performed exome sequencing in a cohort of 78 non related MMAF subjects and identified in 49 cases deleterious bi-allelic mutations in a total of 11 candidate genes including DNAH1, CFAP43, CFAP44, WDR66 and FSIP2 giving a genetic diagnosis yield of 63%. These results confirm the genetic heterogeneity of MMAF and the efficiency of high throughput sequencing in genetic exploration of this phenotype. We also demonstrated the pathogenic implication of certain candidate genes (n=4) using knock-out mice created by the new technology of genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9.Overall, this work demonstrates the interest and effectiveness of combining exome sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 system to study spermatogenesis disorders and male infertility
Birchall, Christopher. "Coupling flagellar gene expression to flagellar assembly in Caulobacter crescentus." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1617.
Full textWoods, Richard David. "Functionalised Flagellar Nanotubes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489968.
Full textBarketi-Klai, Amira. "Clostridium difficile : étude du processus de colonisation et d’hypervirulence de la souche épidémique 027." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114844/document.
Full textClostridium difficile is an enteropathogenic bacterium that causes post-antibiotic nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. During the last decade, the incidence and the severity of C. difficile infections have significantly increased in America and Europe. This evolution seems to be related to the emergence and to the rapid dissemination of a particularly virulent clone of PCR-ribotype 027. The main virulence factors of C. difficile are the TcdA and TcdB cytotoxins which are responsible for intestinal lesions. However, the intestinal colonization by the bacterium is considered as an indispensible step for infection.To better understand the hypervirulence mechanisms of strain 027, we focused on the study of intestinal colonization process of this strain compared to the colonization process of the non-epidemic strain 630Δerm. First, we studied the role of the fibronectin binding protein FbpA. In vitro and in vivo characterization of a mutant FbpA showed the involvement of this protein in the colonization process of the non-epidemic strain 630Δerm. The difficulty of obtaining a mutant in the epidemic strain R20291 027 does not allow us to compare the adhesive properties of FbpA between the two strains.In a second step, we studied the characteristics of flagellar proteins FliC, FliD, FlgE and MotB. We showed that the flagella have a role in the adhesion and colonization of strain 027 and that this role is less important in strain 630Δerm. We also showed that flagella are involved in other cellular processes than adhesion and colonization. A transcriptomic study of a FliC mutant in 027 R20291 shows that flagellin is also involved in toxin production, sporulation and in the adaptation of bacteria to stress conditions. Further study should be performed to better understand the regulation system that governs these different cellular processes. Finally, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of the kinetic of in vivo colonization of the 027 R20291 strain. The study revealed a very early expression of toxin and sporulation genes during the first stages of the infection process. This analysis also allowed us to identify some genes, specific to 027 strains, which appeared regulated during the infection process. These genes could be involved in the virulence of C. difficile 027 strains and could provide new issues of study to better understand C. difficile virulence
Bauer, Zsuzsa. "Characterization of flagellin perception in "Arabidopsis thaliana"." Basel : Universität Basel, 2003. http://www.unibas.ch/diss/2003/DissB_6611.htm.
Full textNavarro, Lionel. "Flagellin-induced immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426678.
Full textHaus, Karin. "Charakterisierung eines Flagellin-Genclusters aus Treponema maltophilum." Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991846397/04.
Full textCoq, Naïs. "Battement de flagelles artificiels : Dynamique individuelle et collective." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00543252.
Full textVicente-Suarez, Ildefonso. "Immunomodulatory role of flagellin in antigen-presenting cells." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002201.
Full textBenedikz, Elizabeth Kristin. "The effect of bacterial flagellin on virus infection." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7327/.
Full textCollingridge, Peter. "Metabolism in trypanosomatid flagella." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510943.
Full textFougeron, Delphine. "Caractérisation moléculaire et cellulaire de l'activité adjuvante de la flagelline dans la vaccination muqueuse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S024/document.
Full textMany pathogens of public health concern (including the influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses, and bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) enter the body via the respiratory tract in general and the lung mucosa in particular. Mucosal vaccines induce a local adaptive immune response (i.e. secretory antibodies and specific T cells) and constitute a unique means of directly preventing these infections. Most vaccines are delivered systemically and use systemic adjuvants. Although the few commercially available mucosal vaccines are generally effective, mucosal adjuvant candidates have not demonstrated sufficient levels of potency and safety. TLR signaling is instrumental for the induction of innate immunity and the concomitant ignition of adaptive immune responses. Thus TLR agonists are largely used as vaccine adjuvants. In the lab we use flagellin from Salmonella enterica (a potent TLR5 agonist) as a model to better understand the mode of action of mucosal adjuvants. The intranasal adjuvant effect of flagellin is characterized by an antigen-specific Th1/Th2 cell response, and a strong mucosal and systemic antibody response. However this adaptive immune response mainly depends on TLR5-mediated epithelial signaling.We used molecular profiling to show that cytokine/chemokine and dendritic cell maturation pathways are surrogate signatures for flagellin activation in the lung. Neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes were massively recruited to the lungs but were not essential for the adjuvant activity. In contrast, flagellin signaling did not induce a significant recruitment of conventional dendritic cells but enhanced their maturation and migration to the lymph nodes. In particular, CD11b+ migratory dendritic cells were essential for induction of a CD4+ T-cell response. Importantly, the functional activation of dendritic cells was independent of direct signaling via TLR5, suggesting the role of inflammatory cytokines produced by the activated epithelium. However or data suggest that IL-1 and IL-36 interleukins are not responsible for transactivation of dendritic cell. In conclusion, this thesis project opens up new perspectives for the development of mucosal adjuvants
Briggs, Laura Joanne. "Flagellar morphogenesis in Trypanosoma brucei." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427895.
Full textDelalez, Nicolas Jacques Serge. "Dynamics of flagellar motor proteins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509919.
Full textSweeney, Marty S. (Marty Suzanne Goldsmith). "Counterbending in a flagellum macromodel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74452.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 37).
The flagellum is one of the most critical biological compenents in nature; it is a basic feature common to many different types of cells and allows for even the most primitive cells to move around. However, the structure of the flagellum is far from simple. The inner core consists of a 9+2 microtubular structure where nine pairs of microtubules are arranged circumferentially with the last pair running down the center. The interstitial space consists of springy proteins and nexin bridges which radially connect the microtubules. Due to this structural complexity and minuscule size, the physical phenomena that occur within the flagellum itself are not well understood. Furthermore, it has been observed that under beam bending conditions a passive sperm flagellum will exhibit counterbend behavior which cannot be explained by current engineering theories. This study created a macroscopic model of the flagellum which allowed deeper exploration of these phenomena. Analysis of material properties and experiments were used to verify the accuracy of the proposed model.
by Marty S. Sweeney.
S.B.
Bertiaux, Eloïse. "New insights on Intraflagellar Transport and flagellum length control in Trypanosoma brucei." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS113/document.
Full textCilia and flagella are essential organelles in most eukaryotes including humans. They share a canonical cylindrical structure composed of nine doublets of microtubules called the axoneme that is conserved during evolution. They are built by an active mechanism termed Intraflagellar Transport or IFT. Despite some variations in composition and length between different types of cilia, the length for a given cell type is tightly controlled. Any defect in flagellum length or IFT machinery can lead to serious cellular dysfunctions, including in humans where it is associated to genetic diseases called ciliopathies. During my thesis, we have first investigated the role and functioning of IFT in Trypanosoma brucei a flagellated protozoan parasite that is a powerful model to investigate cilia. Using Focus Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), we have demonstrated that IFT trains are present almost exclusively on only two out of nine microtubules doublets of the axoneme. Then, the use of high-resolution microscopy allowed us to observe in live cells that two tracks are actually used for bidirectional IFT trafficking. We have investigated mechanisms controlling flagellum length and propose a new model named “grow and lock” where the flagellum elongates at a constant growth-rate until a signal blocks further elongation or shortening. Finally this and other models have been investigated during the parasite cycle, when trypanosomes construct flagella with very different lengths
Buisson-Savin, Johanna. "Rôle des cils et flagelles dans la morphogenèse cellulaire." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066241.
Full textBittante, Alessandra. "Molecular basis of NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome activation by flagellin." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275741.
Full textMalandrin, Laurence. "Les protéines de surface de pseudomonas syringae (sensu lato) : description, variabilité et application taxonomique." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0015.
Full textEguether, Thibaut. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de l'interaction entre la protéine centrosomienne CAP350 et le suppresseur de tumeur CYLD." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066610.
Full textCylindromatosis is a pathology that gives rise to skin tumors called cylindromas. Patients carry a mutation in the CYLD gene leading to the development of cylidromas. Thus CYLD is a tumor suppressor. CYLD sequence contains a catalytic domain which hydrolases K63-linked ubiquitins. Several studies showed that this domain gives CYLD the ability to regulate NF-kB, Jun Kinase (JNK) and Wnt signalling pathways. However, CYLD functions in cylindroma development is still poorely understood. To better understand this function, various murine models were created. Mice carrying a partial deletion of the catalytic domain of CYLD (CYLD del 932) die at birth from respiratory failure unlike CYLD KO mice. In immunoprecipitation experiments followed by mass spectroscopy, CYLD was found in interaction with CAP350, a centrosomal protein. During this work, we confirmed this interaction in several types of cells at endogenous level. We also showed that CYLD is localised at the centrosome and at the tip of motile cilia axoneme. Eventually, in experiments with CYLDdel932 mice tissue, we were able to show that CYLD is a regulator of ciliogenesis
Hayashi, Fumitaka. "The characterization of TLR5 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8330.
Full textSaxl, Tania E. "Electrorotation of the bacterial flagellar motor." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491971.
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