Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flambées de formation stellaire'
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Marcillac, Delphine. "Etude multi-longueurs d'onde des galaxies lumineuses en infrarouge distantes." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112302.
Full textFiolet, Nicolas. "Propriétés infrarouges et millimétriques des galaxies à flambée de formation stellaire à grand redshift." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066569.
Full textVernet, Joël. "Etude spectropolarimétrique des premières phases de l'évolution des galaxies les plus massives." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077247.
Full textBelfort, Patrick. "Proprietes infrarouges et optiques des galaxies iras : des galaxies normales aux galaxies a flambee." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077184.
Full textBoquien, Médéric. "Formation stellaire intergalactique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198707.
Full textCette étude a été menée sur une sélection de systèmes exceptionnels ayant en commun d'avoir éjecté de grandes quantités de gaz dans le milieu intergalactique et présentant des régions intergalactiques de formation d'étoiles. Des observations multi-longueurs d'onde, tant PI que provenant d'archives, en spectroscopie et en imagerie allant de l'ultraviolet lointain à l'infrarouge moyen ont été utilisées. En outre un modèle a été construit permettant de reproduire les distributions spectrales d'énergie des régions intergalactiques de formation d'étoiles afin de contraindre leur histoire de formation d'étoiles, leur extinction et leur fraction d'étoiles provenant du disque des galaxies parents. Des comparaisons ont aussi été menées sur les estimations des taux de formation d'étoiles en infrarouge, Halpha ainsi qu'en ultraviolet.
Cette thèse a permis d'apporter les résultats nouveaux principaux suivants :
- certaines régions semblent dépourvues de toute population d'étoiles âgées, ce sont des laboratoires idéaux pour l'étude de la formation d'étoiles ;
- l'estimateur du taux de formation d'étoiles à partir de l'infrarouge moyen est aussi fiable qu'il l'est pour les galaxies spirales ;
- la dispersion des estimations de taux de formation d'étoiles dans différentes bandes est similaire à celle observée dans les galaxies spirales et elle est principalement due à des effets d'âge ;
- la combinaison de la raie Halpha non corrigée de l'extinction et de l'émission en infrarouge moyen produit une bonne estimation du taux de formation d'étoiles réel ;
- une fraction importante de la formation d'étoiles, pouvant atteindre 85%, se produit dans le milieu intergalactique montrant que pour un univers jeune où ce type de système est beaucoup plus répandu que dans l'univers proche, la formation d'étoiles dans les débris de collision pourrait être un facteur important d'enrichissement du milieu intergalactique.
Boissier, Samuel. "Formation Stellaire Aux Échelles Des Galaxies." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761183.
Full textKraljic, Katarina. "Links between galaxy evolution, morphology and internal physical processes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112286/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at making the link between galaxy evolution, morphology and internal physical processes, namely star formation as the outcome of the turbulent multiphase interstellar medium, using the cosmological zoom-in simulations, simulations of isolated and merging galaxies, and the analytic model of star formation. In Chapter 1, I explain the motivation for this thesis and briefly review the necessary background related to galaxy formation and modeling with the use of numerical simulations. I first explore the evolution of the morphology of Milky-Way-mass galaxies in a suite of zoom-in cosmological simulations through the analysis of bars. I analyze the evolution of the fraction of bars with redshift, its dependence on the stellar mass and accretion history of individual galaxies. I show in particular, that the fraction of bars declines with increasing redshift, in agreement with the observations. This work also shows that the obtained results suggest that the bar formation epoch corresponds to the transition between an early "violent" phase of spiral galaxies formation at z > 1, during which they are often disturbed by major mergers or multiple minor mergers as well as violent disk instabilities, and a late "secular" phase at z < 1, when the final morphology is generally stabilized to a disk-dominated structure. This analysis is presented in Chapter 2. Because such cosmological simulations form too many stars too early compared to observed galaxy populations, I shift the focus in Chapter 3 to star formation in a sample of low-redshift galaxy simulations in isolation at parsec and sub-parsec resolution. I study the physical origin of their star formation relations and breaks and show that the surface density threshold for efficient star formation can be related to the typical density for the onset of supersonic turbulence. This result holds in merging galaxies as well, where increased compressive turbulence triggered by compressive tides during the interaction drives the merger to the regime of starbursts. An idealized analytic model for star formation relating the surface density of gas and star formation rate as a function of the presence of supersonic turbulence and the associated structure of the ISM is then presented in Chapter 4. This model predicts a break at low surface densities that is followed by a power-law regime at high densities in different systems in agreement with star formation relations of observed and simulated galaxies. The last part of this thesis is dedicated to the alternative cosmological zoom-in technique Martig et al. 2009 and its implementation in the Adaptive Mesh Refinement code RAMSES. In Chapter 5, I will present the basic features of this technique as well as some of our very first results in the context of smooth cosmological accretion
Gusdorf, Antoine. "Emission moleculaire dans les regions de formation stellaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370141.
Full textLa structure de ces chocs dépend de leur vitesse ainsi que des propriétés physiques du gaz dans lequel ils se propagent, et notamment de la valeur du champ magnétique local. Les simulations numériques de type magnétohydrodynamique de propagation de tels chocs permettent de contraindre les propriétés physiques et chimiques du gaz dans lequel est générée l'émission moléculaire. Les chocs interstellaires, stationnaires et non stationnaires sont ainsi modélisés, et des grilles de modèles sont construites, pour différentes plages de valeurs des paramètres préchocs qui sont aussi les paramètres d'entrée du code de choc, parmi lesquels la vitesse de choc, la densité préchoc, le champ magnétique, et l'âge des chocs dans le cas des chocs non stationnaires.
L'émission de la molécule de dihydrogène est d'abord étudiée. En raison de son importance particulière (due à son importante densité ainsi qu'au rôle crucial joué en tant que refroidisseur du gaz et de partenaire de collision pour les espèces moléculaires), la population de ses niveaux est résolue à l'intérieur du code de choc, ainsi que son transfert de rayonnement. L'onde de choc modifie la composition chimique du gaz, dissociant partiellement ou totalement l'hydrogène moléculaire, qui est le principal agent refroidissant du gaz. Dans les régions où le dihydrogène subsiste, il est excité collisionnellement , générant ainsi de l'émission dans ses transitions rovibrationnelles et purement rotationnelles. Cette émission est en effet observée dans l'infrarouge par les satellites ISO (Infrared Space Observatory) et Spitzer. Les diagrammes d'excitation correspondants sont ensuite utilisés pour comparer les modèles aux observations existantes pour le flot bipolaire L1157, détecté autour d'une jeune protoétoile de Classe 0. Ces comparaisons confirment la nécessité d'un recours aux modèles de chocs non stationnaires pour interpréter les densités de colonne observées pour les niveaux de H2.
De telles régions de chocs génèrent des conditions physiques et chimiques elles mêmes à l'origine d'une chimie particulière favorisant la formation de molécules caractéristiques telles que SiO, dont l'émission est alors observée dans les fenêtres infrarouge et submillimétrique (IRAM, CSO, JCMT). Le transfert de rayonnement de la molécule de SiO est simulée à l'aide d'un programme numérique reposant sur l'approximation LVG (Large Velocity Gradient). Ce programme est écrit, testé dans des conditions basiques, comparé à d'autres modèles de référence, puis utilisé en sortie du code de choc pour les modèles des grilles mentionnées plus haut. Les mécanismes d'émission des raies moléculaires sont ainsi étudiés, des digrammes d'intensité intégrée et des profils de raie sont alors produits. Des comparaisons avec les observations de la région L1157 sont effectuées indépendamment des résultats relatifs au dihydrogène, avec un bon accord pour des modèles de choc stationnaires et sous diverses hypothèses de répartition initiale du silicium dans les grains de poussière, et de l'oxygène dans la phase gazeuse. Enfin, l'émission de SiO est aussi étudiée dans le cadre de ces mêmes hypothèses dans les chocs non stationnaires. La comparaison simultanée des observations SiO et H2 est alors réalisée, c'est à dire leur ajustement par un même modèle de choc, avec des résultats encourageants.
Pour compléter cette étude, l'émission de CO est aussi envisagée dans les modèles de chocs stationnaires et non stationnaires, et le monoxyde de carbone est ajouté à la liste des molécules dont la production et l'émission peuvent être modélisées par le même choc que H2 et SiO avec un accord satisfaisant, même si cet ajout ne génère pas de contrainte supplémentaire par rapport à ces deux molécules.
Louvet, Fabien. "Nuage hypermassif, chocs et efficacité de formation stellaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112230/document.
Full textO and B types stars are of paramount importance in the energy budget of galaxies and play a crucial role enriching the interstellar medium. However, their formation, unlike that of solar-type stars, is still subject to debate, if not an enigma. The earliest stages of massive star formation and the formation of their parent cloud are still crucial astrophysical questions that drew a lot of attention in the community, both from the theoretical and observational perspective, during the last decade. It has been proposed that massive stars are born in massive dense cores that form through very dynamic processes, such as converging flows of gas. During my PhD, I conducted a thorough study of the formation of dense cores and massive stars in the W43-MM1 supermassive structure, located at ~ 6 kpc from the sun. At first, I showed a direct correlation between the star formation efficiency and the volume gas density of molecular clouds, in contrast with scenarii suggested by previous studies. Indeed, the spatial distribution and mass function of the massive dense cores currently forming in W43-MM1 suggests that this supermassive filament is undergoing a star formation burst, increasing as one approaches its center. I compared these observational results with the most recent numerical and analytical models of star formation. This comparison not only provides new constraints on the formation of supermassive filaments, but also suggests that understanding star formation in high density, extreme ridges requires a detailed portrait of the structure of these exceptional objects. Second, having shown that the formation of massive stars depends strongly on the properties of the ridges where they form, I studied the formation processes of these filaments, thanks of the characterization of their global dynamics. Specifically, I used a tracer of shocks (SiO molecule) to disentangle the feedback of local star formation processes (bipolar jets and outflows) from shocks tracing the pristine formation processes of the W43-MM1 cloud. I was able, via an unprecedented study combining observations and modeling of shocks in a starbust region, to show the existence of widespread low velocity shocks, that are the first direct signature of the formation of the massive molecular cloud from which massive stars form.These results are an important step connecting, via dynamical processes, the formation of molecular clouds to the formation of massive stars
Couture, Pierre. "Galaxies à sursauts de formation stellaire : Simulations pour la mission UVIT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28432/28432.pdf.
Full textVale, Asari Natalia. "Evolution chimique et histoire de la formation stellaire dans l'Univers local." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01958543.
Full textWe analyse galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with our spectral synthesis code STARLIGHT. STARLIGHT finds the combination of simple stellar populations of different ages and metallicities that the best fits a galaxy spectrum. This allows us to derive several galaxy properties, such as mass in stars, star formation history and chemical evolution. From the residual spectrum (obtained by subtracting the modelled from the observed spectrum), we measure emission lines, from which we obtain properties of the gas inside galaxies. We study the evolution of star-forming galaxies. We find that the more massive galaxies have formed stars faster and enriched their gas more quickly. The evolution of stellar metallicity is directly studied. We calibrate the current star-formation rate derived from the synthesis with the one from H∝ luminosity. We derive the stellar mass-stellar metallicity relation (M*-Z*) for different redshifts. This was the first time the evolution of M*-Z* relation was derived for the same set of galaxies. We find that the metallicity evolution is compatible with that expected from a simple closed box chemical evolution model. For galaxies classified as LINERs, we show that their observed H∝ luminosity is compatible with the number of ionizing photons emitted by old stellar populations. This result implies a deep review of the rate of nuclear activity in galaxies in the local Universe
CANANZI-MATHIAS, KATIA. "Contribution a l'etude de la formation stellaire dans les galaxies exterieures." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077131.
Full textBerger, Jean-Philippe. "Interférométrie et formation stellaire : Perspectives pour une instrumentation en optique intégrée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10213.
Full textCarles, Christian. "De la métallicité et la formation stellaire des galaxies spirales barrées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27070.
Full textWe performed a series of 27 gasdynamical simulations of disc galaxies, barred and unbarred, with various masses and gas fractions, in order to study the star formation history and metallicity enrichment in these galaxies. Unbarred galaxies evolve very smoothly, with a star formation rate that varies by at most a factor of three over a period of 2 Gyr and a continuous increase in their metallicity. The evolution of barred galaxies is much more dramatic, especially at high masses. The bar drives a substantial amount of gas in the central region, producing a starburst and rapidly increasing the chemical abundance. Most of the gas is then converted into stars, and gas exhaustion leads to a rapid drop of star formation after the starburst. The consequence is that observational properties of barred galaxies, such as the central stellar mass, chemical abundance or star formation rate, do not vary monotonically with time. Barred galaxies that have a same central stellar mass can have very different total masses, and be at very different stages of their respective evolution, This makes observational comparisons between barred and unbarred galaxies difficult, if galaxies are selected using only one observable.
Beuret, Maxime. "Formation stellaire dans la galaxie et interaction avec le milieu interstellaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE017/document.
Full textHow stars form? This broad question uses knowledges in several areas, including two majors, the Star Formation and the Interstellar Medium. My thesis is a part of this overall framework. Our galaxy is a laboratory complex for the study of this formation. I became interested in the first stages of the star formations, from Molecular Clouds to protostars. I mainly used data from the Herschel telescope which provides us with images and data in the far infrared and sub-millimiter at an unparalleled resolution. First of all, I built a catalogue of young clumps using SPECFIND, an algorithm of cross-identification. Then I applied an algorithm of clustering, MST, over 100 000 young clumps to find over-densities in order to release the first catalogue of young stellar clusters in a galactic scale. Finally, I studied the physical properties of these clusters and their young clumps
Veltz, Lionel Bienaymé Olivier Freeman Ken. "Formation du disque de la Voie Lactée." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/871/01/VELTZ_Lionel_2007.pdf.
Full textTaquet, Vianney. "Chimie à la surface des grains dans les régions de formation stellaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790641.
Full textRousseau-Nepton, Laurie. "Étude des régions de formation stellaire dans les galaxies spirales avec SpIOMM." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27970.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of HII regions in nearby galaxies with SpIOMM, an imaging Fourier transform spectrograph of the Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic. A sample of seven galaxies was observed with SpIOMM and a long-slit spectrograph. The analytical method proposed benefits from the capabilities of both instruments. The synthesis of stellar populations based on the long-slit data allows us to correct the SpIOMM data for the presence of stellar absorption line profiles underneath the HII region emission lines. The accurate measurement of emission lines reveals details of the ionized gas over the whole disk of the galaxies. A total of 2930 HII regions is identified in the whole galaxy sample. The physical characteristics of these regions are extracted using different methods tailored for SpIOMM data. Multiple databases built using photoionization codes are used to extract the metallicity, the ionization factor, and the [N/O] abundance ratio of the ionized gas. These methods have helped to highlight some deficiencies of the currently available tools to analyze the HII regions. The high spatial resolution of SpIOMM underlines the variation of the physical parameters within the regions themselves and, among others, the effect of the diffuse ionized gas on the diagnostics. The luminosity profile for the whole sample of HII regions is presented. The overall metallicity and the [N/O] abundance ratio gradients for five galaxies are measured accurately. The age of the stellar complexes contained in the HII regions is also given. The luminosity profile, rotation curve, and other parameters related to the galaxy kinematics (systemic velocity and position angle) are obtained and compared to the literature. My goals to demonstrate SpIOMM’s efficiency for the study of galaxies and to develop a method adapted to these data in order to extract the HII regions physical parameters and the general characteristics of the galaxies have been reached. All the results demonstrate that SpIOMM and its successor SITELLE, at the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope, are ideal instruments to study in great details the gas emission in galaxies.
Buat, Véronique. "L'emission ultraviolette de galaxies spirales et irregulieres : interpretation en termes de formation stellaire." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077262.
Full textRobichaud, Fidèle. "Formation et évolution stellaire des galaxies spirales barrées avec rétroaction de noyau actif." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27404.
Full textObservations suggest that the bar is a very common structure among spiral galaxies, finding itself in near half of the spiral galaxies of the nearby Universe. The presence of a bar has an important impact on the secular evolution of the host galaxy because the latter modifies the spatial distribution of the material and creates a stream of gas toward the center of the galaxy, causing a positive feedback on the central star formation in the galaxy. Another very common structure in galaxies is an active galactic nucleus (AGN), a supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy, which interacts with matter around it and the feedback from this interaction forms a very bright region in the center of the galaxy. Feedback from the AGN will warm up the surrounding gas by radiation and it can also apply a kinetic kick on it, pushing it outward from the center of the galaxy. However, the effect from the AGN on the evolution of the galaxy and its central star formation is still a misunderstood subject and we still do not know if the effect of the feedback on stellar formation is positive or negative. As part of this work, I made a total of 12 simulations of spiral galaxies of equal mass, which 10 of them were barred. The aim is to verify what is the effect of AGN by varying strength, available gas fraction, and the impact of the bar on the central and global star formation rate in the galaxy. The results of my simulations show that the presence of AGN would have a rather positive effect on star formation in barred spiral galaxy, and especially when the galaxy is still at an early stage of its evolution. However, in the case of a non-barred spiral galaxy, the effect would be opposite, negative in the center and generally negligible.
DOUBLIER, VANESSA. "Evolution et formation des galaxies bleues compactes naines a sursaut de formation stellaire : imagerie visible et proche-infrarouge." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077039.
Full textNoel, Benjamin. "Dynamique et chimie dans les environnements d'étoiles jeunes et massives : le cas de S106." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066468.
Full textHernandez, Gomez Antonio. "IRAS 16293-2422 : des longueurs d'onde centimétriques à l'infrarouge lointain et détermination de sa structure tridimensionnelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30004.
Full textIn this thesis we present a multi-frequency observational study of the properties of IRAS 16293-2422 (I16293), a very-well studied low-mass solar-type multiple stellar system located within the Ophiuchus complex. Because I16293 is the prototype source for astrochemistry due to its wealth of molecular lines, it provides a suitable laboratory to study not only the physics of clustered star-formation but also the chemistry in early stages of this process. In this thesis, we will place special emphasis on nitrogen-bearing molecules present in I16293since these species are known to be powerful tools to derive chemical, kinematic and dynamic properties of star-forming regions over a wide range of conditions. The first part of this work is based on the analysis of the individual components of I16293 from interferometric centimeter -and millimeter- wavelength continuum observations. Since the correct interpretation of the observations and their corresponding modelling strongly depend on the accurate measurement of its distance, we have measured the parallax to its H2O maser emission at 22.2 GHz based on archival Very Large Baseline Array (VLBA) observations, obtaining a precise estimation of the distance of 141(+30,-21)pc. From high angular resolution observations with the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we followed the astrometry of the individual objects in the system for almost 30 years. We have seen that the properties of source B are remarkable because its spectrum indicates that its emission is dominated by thermal dust radiation. We present a full radiative transfer modelling of the structure of this source. The density and temperature profiles needed to explain the observational properties of source B resemble those expected for first hydrostatic cores. This fact, combined with the lack of free- free centimeter emission, might indicate that source B is just entering the protostellar phase. In the second part of the thesis we focus on the chemistry of I16293 based on single-dish observations of nitrogen-bearing molecules obtained with the radiotelescopes IRAM-30m, APEX, JCMT and the HIFI instrument on-board the Herschel Space Observatory over a wide frequency range from 80 GHz to 1 THz. We have extracted the rotational transitions of isocyanic acid (HNCO) from the observations and used a radiative transfer model out of Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium (non-LTE) to reproduce the observed line profiles. We conclude that I16293 can be modelled considering three regions: a dense, compact and warm component related with the hot corino, a warm and extended component associated with the innermost part of the envelope and a more extended and cold layer associated with the outermost part of the envelope. It is important to emphasize that the emission produced by these regions interacts one with another. As a consequence, our analysis not only constraints the properties of the different regions, but also establishes their relative positions along the line of sight. An HNCO abundance profile for the envelope of I16293 computed with the chemical code Nautilus shows a good agreement with the abundances derived from our radiative transfer model. On the other hand, the lines of cyanide (CN) have much more complex profiles since they show hyperfine structure and present deep absorptions. Indeed, since we detect the CN rotational transitions from J = 1 - 0 to J = 5 - 4 level, we have used an LTE model in CASSIS and defined a separate model for each transition. We noted that an extended emission larger than the envelope of I16293 is needed to correctly model the line profiles. We also derived the abundance ratio between CN and its isotopes 13CN and C15N.Taken together, the results presented here enabled us to constrain the structure of IRAS 16293- 2422 from the scale of its individual protostars (~ 10 AU) up to the scale of its extended envelope (~ 10,000 AU)
Maury, Anaëlle. "Formation et fragmentation des cœurs denses protostellaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455833.
Full textPeretto, Nicolas. "Aspects dynamiques des phases précoces de la formation d'étoiles en amas." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066535.
Full textKristensen, Lars. "Analyse observationelle des conditions physiques dans des régions de formation stellaire galactique et extra-galactique." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00323729.
Full textWakelam, Valentine. "Etude de la chimie du soufre dans les régions de formation stellaire de faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007369.
Full textAlibert, Yann. "De la physique stellaire à la physique galactique : formation, évolution et pulsations stellaires. Modèles galactiques." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0191.
Full textBelles, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Formation d'étoiles et d'amas stellaires dans les collisions de galaxies." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770663.
Full textCoutens, Audrey. "La deutération de l'eau dans les régions de formation stellaire : Apport des données spectroscopiques Herschel/HIFI." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763292.
Full textLe, Floch Emeric. "Activité de formation stellaire dans les galaxies lumineuses infrarouges et les galaxies-hôtes des sursauts gamma." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112313.
Full textThis PhD work is devoted to the study of the star-forming activity within luminous galaxies based on the use of two specific tracers : the infrared emission from dust heated by the radiation field of young stars, and the gamma-ray bursts which are believed to be associated with the cataclismic destruction of massive progenitors within newly-formed stellar environments. Using observations of active galaxies carried out between 5 and 16 µm with the ISOCAM camera, we show that the ratio between the 15 and 7 µm observed fluxes represents an excellent indicator of the star-forming efficiency in these objects. We also study the level of contamination of the infrared luminosity within a galaxy due to the possible presence of an active nucleus in its core. We show that this contribution may be rather important, which emphasizes the dangers of an overestimation of the star-forming activity in this kind of objects. In a second part, we describe the properties of a high-redshift galaxy sample selected from gamma-ray burst transient counterparts. We show that these sources harbor very blue colors unaffected by dust extinction, and exhibit rather faint absolute luminosities. Their population differs from the one of red and luminous galaxies revealed by the infrared, submillimeter and radio deep surveys. We suggest that gamma-ray bursts originate from relatively young objets which form their first generation of stars from primordial and chemically un-enriched media. Such a result could indicate a possible influence of metalicity effects, and would question the nai͏̈vely-accepted idea that these phenomena trace the star formation in the distant Universe independently of the physical conditions characteristic to each environment
Heinis, Sébastien. "La distribution spatiale des galaxies sélectionnées en ultraviolet intrinsèque de z =1 à z = 0 : formation stellaire et environnement." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11043.
Full textPaumard, Thibaut. "Etude de la cinématique et de la population stellaire du Centre Galactique." Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010941.
Full textBacmann, Aurore. "Contraintes sur les conditions initiales de formation stellaire à partir d'observations ISOCAM de coeurs denses en absorption." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10247.
Full textCañameras, Raoul. "Zooming in on star formation in the brightest galaxies of the early universe discovered with the Planck and Herschel satellites." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS237/document.
Full textStrongly gravitationally lensed galaxies offer an outstanding opportunity to characterize the most intensely star-forming galaxies in the high-redshift universe. In the most extreme cases, one can probe the mechanisms that underlie the intense star formation on the scales of individual star-forming regions. This requires very fortuitous gravitational lensing configurations offering magnification factors >> 10, which are particularly rare toward the high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies. The Planck's Dusty GEMS (Gravitationally Enhanced subMillimeter Sources) sample contains eleven of the brightest high-redshift galaxies discovered with the Planck sub-millimeter all-sky survey, with flux densities between 300 and 1000 mJy at 350 microns, factors of a few brighter than the majority of lensed sources previously discovered with other surveys. Six of them are above the 90% completeness limit of the Planck Catalog of Compact Sources (PCCS), suggesting that they are among the brightest high-redshift sources on the sky selected by their active star formation. This thesis comes within the framework of the extensive multi-wavelength follow-up programme designed to determine the overall properties of the high-redshift sources and to probe the lensing configurations. Firstly, to characterize the intervening lensing structures and calculate lensing models, I use optical and near/mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy. I deduce that our eleven GEMS are aligned with intervening matter overdensities at intermediate redshift, either massive isolated galaxies or galaxy groups and clusters. The foreground sources exhibit evolved stellar populations of a few giga years, characteristic of early-type galaxies. Moreover, the first detailed models of the light deflection toward the GEMS suggest magnification factors systematically > 10, and > 20 for some lines-of-sight. Secondly, we observe the GEMS in the far-infrared and sub-millimeter domains in order to characterize the background sources. The sub-arcsec resolution IRAM and SMA interferometry shows distorded morphologies which definitively confirm that the eleven sources are strongly lensed. I obtain dust temperatures between 33 and 50 K, and outstanding far-infrared luminosities of up to 2x10^14 solar luminosities before correcting for the gravitational magnification. The relationship between dust temperatures and far-infrared luminosities also confirms that the GEMS are brighter than field galaxies at a given dust temperature. I conclude that dust heating seems to be strongly dominated by the star formation activity with an AGN contamination systematically below 30%. We find secure spectroscopic redshifts between 2.2 and 3.6 for the eleven targets thanks to the detection of at least two CO emission lines per source. Finally, I focus on the three gravitationally lensed sources showing the most remarkable properties including the brightest GEMS, a maximal starburst with star formation surface densities near the Eddington limit
LUCE, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Observations dans l'ultraviolet de l'amas de coma : effet de l'environnement sur la formation stellaire dans les galaxies d'amas." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4630.
Full textPomarès, Mélanie. "La formation stellaire induite par les régions H II dans notre galaxie : questions posées et éléments de réponse." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX11075.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of star formation triggered by the expansion of ionized hydrogen (H II) regions in the milky way. For this work a sample of 8 H II regions is used. The choice of these regions is discussed, and we show the benefits of a multi-wavelengths study. We show that the accumulation of material around HII regions seems to work in all cases, in agreement with the collect and collapse theory. Molecular observations in the direction of the collected shell show the true association with the ionized region. Moreover, this shell seems to be fragmented. Several processes can lead to the formation of fragments; these processes are confronted to observations. Star formation activity is observed in the direction of H II regions. Their expansion seems to fitful the physical conditions needed for the formation of a second generation of young clusters and massive stars. A spectroscopic study of exciting stars in the K-band has shown that stellar winds do not play a crucial role in the dynamics of the three studied regions RCW 79, RCW 82 and RCW 120. The spectroscopic study of young stellar objects has confirmed the association of most sources with the H II regions. The infrared satellite Herschel will allow to cover a larger wavelength range. It will improve the constraints of young sources properties, like their mass and their evolutionary stage, thanks to a better coverage of their spectral energetic distribution
Miret, Roig Núria. "COSMIC-DANCE : A comprehensive census of nearby star forming regions." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0327.
Full textUnderstanding how stars form is one of the fundamental questions which astronomy aims to answer. Currently, it is well accepted that the majority of stars form in groups and that their predominant mechanism of formation is the core-collapse. However, several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the formation of substellar objects, and their contribution is still under debate. The main goal of this thesis is to determine the initial mass function, the mass distribution of stars at birth time, in different associations and star-forming regions. The mass function constitutes a fundamental observational parameter to constrain stellar and substellar formation theories since different formation mechanisms predict different fraction of stellar and substellar objects. We used the Gaia Data Release 2 catalogue together with ground-based observations from the COSMIC-DANCe project to look for high probability members via a probabilistic model of the distribution of the observable quantities in both the cluster and background populations. We applied this method to the 30 Myr open cluster IC 4665 and the 1 - 10 Myr star-forming region Upper Scorpius (USC) and r Ophiuchi (r Oph). We found very rich populations of substellar objects which largely exceed the numbers predicted by core-collapse models. In USC, where our sensitivity is best, we found a large number of free-floating planets and we suggest that ejection from planetary systems must have a similar contribution than core-collapse in their formation. The age is a fundamental parameter to study the formation and evolution of stars and is essential to accurately convert luminosities to masses. For that, we also presented a strategy to study the dynamical traceback age of young local associations through an orbital traceback analysis. We applied this method to determine the age of the b Pictoris moving group and in the future, we plan to apply it to other regions such as USC. The members we identified with the membership analysis are excellent targets for follow-up studies such as a search for discs, exoplanets, characterisation of brown dwarfs and free-floating planets. I this thesis, we presented a search for discs hosted by members of IC 4665 and we found six excellent candidates to be imaged with ALMA or the JWST. The tools we developed, are ready to be used in other regions such as USC and r Oph, where we expect to find a larger number of disc-host stars
Zappelli, Alexandre. "Etude de l'intensité de la formation stellaire globale dans l'univers proche à partir d'un échantillon de galaxies sélectionnées par l'ultraviolet lointain." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11039.
Full textCombet, Céline. "Etude analytique et numérique des flots autour des étoiles jeunes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090716.
Full textLorsqu'une étoile se forme, alors que l'accrétion sur l'objet central se poursuit, de gigantesques éjections de matière se produisent sous forme de jets et flots moléculaires bipolaires. Après une
introduction donnant une vision globale de tous les éléments
impliqués dans la formation stellaire, nous présentons les modèles "standards" pour les flots moléculaires. Dans un
troisième temps, nous construisons un modèle alternatif et complémentaire aux approches standards~: le modèle de transit. Il s'agit d'un modèle MHD, autosimilaire et qui considère le renversement d'un partie de l'écoulement lorsque le gaz en chute
approche de l'objet central. Les résultats montrent notamment que le modèle permet de rendre compte des taux de masses observés lors de la formation des étoiles massives, taux que les modèles standards atteignent difficilement. Le modèle est étudié de façon
extensive grâce à une exploration Monte Carlo de l'espace des paramètres et la mise en évidence de deux grandes familles de solutions. Le modèle de transit donne une description à grande échelle de l'environnement proto-stellaire et montre une forte structuration du milieu autant en densité qu'en vitesse. C'est dans un tel milieu que le jet issu du disque d'accrétion se propage, et une étude numérique préliminaire de cette propagation montre que la morphologie et la cinématique du jet est fortement affectée par le milieu ambiant. Nous en déduisons l'importance d'avoir un bonne description de ce dernier et la nécessité de ne pas se contenter des milieux "uniformes et au repos" généralement considérés.
La seconde partie est consacrée à la partie nucléaire du rayonnement cosmique Galactique. Ce "rayonnement" est constitué de noyaux qui se sont propagés dans la Galaxie et son halo diffusif, après avoir été accélérés dans les chocs de supernovae. Certains de ces noyaux atteignent la Terre où ils
sont détectés. Comprendre la propagation de ces noyaux est essentiel pour remonter, à partir des mesures, aux abondances des noyaux dans les sources. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons spécifiquement au cas des noyaux lourds, en connection avec l'expérience UHCRE, et regardons comment la structure locale de la Galaxie, la "bulle locale", affecte la propagation des lourds. Nous trouvons que la sous-densité locale du voisinnage solaire joue effectivement un rôle dans la détermination des abondances sources et que l'effet tend à réduire les différences entre les abondances sources et les abondances solaires des noyaux. Nous donnons enfin dans un dernier chapitre quelques perspectives pour la poursuite de cette étude.
Coleiro, Alexis. "Formation, évolution et environnement des binaires X de grande masse." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943762.
Full textNehlig, François. "Le gaz dans les galaxies spirales de l'univers local : modélisation d'observations radio et étude des lois de formation stellaire dans les galaxies perturbées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE014/document.
Full textThe interstellar medium (ISM) of spiral galaxies plays a key role in galaxy evolution. Throughout this thesis we characterized the link between the ISM of spiral galaxies and the star formation efficiency. In a first part, we studied the atomic gas distribution of the highly inclined spiral galaxy NGC 2683, with a deprojection model of radio data cubes. This study gives insight on the gas accretion history in this galaxy. In a second part of this work, we examined the compression effects of the ISM, which occurs in galaxies located in dense environment. Our approach makes use of both a multiwavelength data set of galaxies enduring ISM compression (including new millimeter observations), and dynamical simulations of these galaxies combined with an analytical model which gives access to small scale physics. Our thesis shows the complementarity of high quality observations together with modelisation of these observations and dynamical simulations in the study of the ISM in spiral galaxies
Schuller, Frédéric. "La formation d'étoiles massives dans la Galaxie vue par le relevé infrarouge ISOGAL." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003754.
Full textBouret, Jean-Claude. "Formation des raies dans les vents des étoiles Ae/Be de Herbig." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723782.
Full textSchworer, Guillaume. "Interferometric observations to analyze circumstellar environments and planetary formation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEO018/document.
Full textThe dust- and gas-rich disks surrounding numerous pre-main-sequence stars are of key interest for unveiling how planetary system are formed; they are the initial conditions for planetary formation. Protoplanetary disks have a rich structure, with different physics playing a role in different regions of the disk. The dynamic ranges involved span two to five orders of magnitudes on spatial scales, orbital times, temperatures, and much more in dust- or gas-densities. The extreme dynamic ranges involved in the structure and composition of these objects mean that very different observational techniques have to be combined together to probe their various regions.This PhD makes use of new K, L and M-band imaging and Sparse-Aperture-Masking (SAM) Interferometric measurements, 3-4 micron spectroscopy, together with published 8.6 and 18.7 micron images and spectral energy distribution (SED) fluxes from UV to mm-wavelength to instruct a new comprehension of the famous IRS-48 object, and uncover the delicate balance of physical processes at stake.This PhD reports the first ever direct imaging of the full extents of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and very small grains (VSG) ring in a young circumstellar disk, presents a revised model for the IRS-48 object to explain the rich and complex dust- and gas-environment observed from near-infrared to centimeter wavelengths, and sets limits on how much silicates grains - hence replenishment - is to be expected in the PAH and VSG ring.Radiative transfer modelling of the disk-structure and grains compositions converges to a classical-grains outer-disk from 55 AU combined with an unsettled VSG & PAH-ring, where the inner- and outer-rim are resolved: 11 and 26 AU. A brighter hence larger central-star with modified extinction parameters accounts for the near-infrared flux observed in the SED: the inner-most disk at ~1 AU is not needed. The revised stellar parameters place this system on a 4 Myr evolutionary track, much younger than the previous estimations, in better agreement with the surrounding region and disk-dispersal observations. Using closure-phases, two over-luminosities are found in the PAH-ring, at color-temperatures consistent with the radiative transfer simulations; one follows a sub-Keplerian circular orbit. This PhD also shows that only very few settled thermal silicates can be co-located with the PAH-ring, with a depletion factor of ~5-6 compared to classical circumstellar dust-to-PAH abundances. A ~3 Jupiter-masses companion on a 40 AU orbit is compatible with the new disk structure and the previous mm-grains asymmetry.The IRS-48 disk is found to be void of dust-grains in the first 55 AU, except for a 3.7e-10 Solar-masses of a mixture of ionized and neutral PAH, and VSG. This places IRS-48 at the final stage of transition disks, when photo-evaporation dominates the disk evolution and eventually causes dispersal. Given the highly radiating environment, this PhD also highlights the probable replenishment of the inner PAH & VSG-ring through the channeling of such particles from the outer reservoir, due to the on-going accretion on the companion
Al-Edhari, Ali Jaber. "Complex organic molecules in solar-type star forming regions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY048/document.
Full textThe present PhD thesis goal is the study of the molecular complexity in solar type star forming regions. It specifically focuses on two classes of molecules with a pre-biotic value, the complex organic molecules and the cyanopolyynes.At this scope, I analyzed data from single-dish spectral surveys by means of non-LTE or/and non-LTE radiative transfer codes in two sources, a solar type protostar in an isolated and quiet environment (IRAS16293-2422) and a proto-cluster of solar type protostars (OMC2-FIR4). The goal is to find similarities and differences between these two cases.I used data from two spectra surveys: TIMASSS (The IRAS16293-2422 Millimeter And Submillimeter Spectral Survey), which has been carried out in 2011 (Caux et al. 2011), and ASAI (Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM), which has been carried out in 2013-2015 (e.g. Lopez-Sepulcre et al. 2015).I extracted the lines (identification and integrated intensity) by means of the publicly available package CASSIS (Centre dAnalyse Scientifique de Spectres Infrarouges et Submillimtriques).Finally, I used the package GRAPES (GRenoble Analysis of Protostellar Envelope Spectra) to model the Spectral Line Energy Distribution (SLED) of the detected molecules, and to estimate their abundance across the envelope and hot corino of IRAS16293-2422 and OMC2-FIR4, respectively.The major results of the thesis are:1) The first full census of complex organic molecules (COMs) in IRAS16293-2422;2) The first detection of COMs in the cold envelope of a solar type protostar (IRAS16293-2422), supporting the idea that a relatively efficient formation mechanism for the detected COMs must exist in the cold gas phase;3) The discovery of a tight correlation between the dimethyl ether (DME) and methyl format (MF), suggesting a mother-daughter relationship;4) The detection of formamide, a species with a very high pre-biotic value, in several protostars, included IRAS16293-2422 and OMC2-FIR4;5) The full census of the cyanopolyynes in IRAS16293-2422 and OMC2-FIR4, with the detection of HC3N and HC5N, DC3N and, for OMC2-FIR4, the 13C isotopologue of HC3N cyanopolyynes.These results are the focus of two published articles (Jaber et al. 2014, ApJ; Lopez-Sepulcre, Jaber et al. 2015, MNRAS), one accepted article (Jaber et al., A&A) and a final article to be submitted (Jaber et al., A&A)
Burgess, Andrew. "Exploration de la fonction de faible masse initiale dans les amas jeunes et les r ´egions de formation stellaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576460.
Full textBelles, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Formation d’étoiles et d’amas stellaires dans les collisions de galaxies." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112312/document.
Full textMergers are known to be essential in the formation of large-scale structures and to have a significant role in the history of galaxy formation and evolution. Besides a morphological transformation, mergers induce important bursts of star formation. These starburst are characterised by high Star Formation Efficiencies (SFEs) and Specific Star Formation Rates, i.e., high Star Formation Rates (SFR) per unit of gas mass and high SFR per unit of stellar mass, respectively, compared to spiral galaxies. At all redshifts, starburst galaxies are outliers of the sequence of star-forming galaxies defined by spiral galaxies. We have investigated the origin of the starburst-mode of star formation, in three local interacting systems: Arp 245, Arp 105 and NGC 7252. We combined high-resolution JVLA observations of the 21-cm line, tracing the HI diffuse gas, with UV GALEX observations, tracing the young star-forming regions. We probe the local physical conditions of the Inter-Stellar Medium (ISM) for independent star-forming regions and explore the atomic-to-dense gas transformation in different environments. The SFR/HI ratio is found to be much higher in central regions, compared to outer regions, showing a higher dense gas fraction (or lower HI gas fraction) in these regions. In the outer regions of the systems, i.e., the tidal tails, where the gas phase is mostly atomic, we find SFR/HI ratios higher than in standard HI-dominated environments, i.e., outer discs of spiral galaxies and dwarf galaxies. Thus, our analysis reveals that the outer regions of mergers are characterised by high SFEs, compared to the standard mode of star formation. The observation of high dense gas fractions in interacting systems is consistent with the predictions of numerical simulations; it results from the increase of the gas turbulence during a merger. The merger is likely to affect the star-forming properties of the system at all spatial scales, from large scales, with a globally enhanced turbulence, to small scales, with possible modifications of the initial mass function. From a high-resolution numerical simulation of the major merger of two spiral galaxies, we analyse the effects of the galaxy interaction on the star forming properties of the ISM at the scale of star clusters. The increase of the gas turbulence is likely able to explain the formation of Super Star Clusters in the system. Our investigation of the SFR-HI relation in galaxy mergers will be complemented by high-resolution HI data for additional systems, and pushed to yet smaller spatial scales
Paumard, Thibaut. "Étude de la cinématique et de la population stellaire du Centre Galactique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010941.
Full textsauty, sylvain. "Contenu gazeux et activité de formation stellaire dans les galaxies spirales isolées. Modélisation de l'émission infrarouge de la galaxie NGC6946." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002684.
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